LMixture and allegations:

By:MD MUTAHER HUSSAIN

1. A Container contains 192 liter of Milk. A seller draws out x% of Milk and replaced it
with the same quantity of water. He repeated the same process for 3 times. And thus Milk
content in the mixture is only 81 liter. Then how much percent he withdraw every time?
#Solution:

Initial mixture of milk= 192 L

A seller draws out = x% of milk.
ATQ,
192*(1-x%of 192/192)^3= 81
=> (1-x/100)^3= 81/192
=> (1-x/100)^3= (3*27)/(3*64)
=> (1-x/100)^3= 27/81
=> (1-x/100)^3= (3/4)^3
=> (1-x/100)= 3/4
=> 1-3/4= x/100
=> 1/4= x/100
=> 4x= 100
=> x= 25%
So, initial replace= 25% of milk.[Answer.]

[ ऀ

C=P*(1+r/100)^n
, C= !

P= " # !

n= $( , , % &' %)
 ( ) * +, # &) ऀ % ) -$
. /01 ऀ , 2 2 3$ ,4
5/ 3$ ऀ & C 3&) 4 ! C6 3 ऀ

C F7 & ऀ & )8 9 4 ऀ
n7 )8 $ n3 - ऀ
3 /:: & 3 -$ ऀ

)% r7 ) & 3$ ; r7
& ऀ

&3 4 %<
F= I*(1-R/I)^n
F= Final amount
I=Initial amount
n=repetition time
R=Replace.
' -' ( 3$ = & ]

02.
A Jar contains 30 liters mixture of Milk and Water in the ratio of x:y respectively. When
10 liter of the mixture is taken out and replaced it water, then the ratio becomes 2:3. Then
what is the initial quantity of Milk in the Jar?

#Solution:
Here, Milk = x
Water = y
ATQ,
x+y= 30
=> y= 30-x
Now, 10 L mixture is removed and replaced by water,
So, Milk Remain= x-10*x/30= 2x/3
W Remain= y-10*y/30+10
=(2y+30)/3
ATQ,
(2x/3)/(2y+30)/3= 2/3
=> 2x/(2y+30)= 2/3
=> 6x= 4y+60
=> 6x= 4*(30-x)+60
=> 6x= 120-4x+60
=> 10x= 180
=> x= 18
So, Initial Milk= 18 L[Answer.]

03.A Container contains ‘X’ Liters of Milk. A thief stole 50 Liters of Milk and replaced it
with the same quantity of water. He repeated the same process further two times. And
thus Milk in the container is only ‘X-122’ liters. Then what is the quantity of water in the
final mixture?
#Solution:

Final mixture= X-122

Initial Mix= X
ATQ
X-122= X(1-50/X)^3
=> X-122/X= (1-50/X)^3
=> (X-122)/X= 1-150/X+7500/X^2-2500*50/X^3
=>X^2(X-122)= X^3-150X^2+7500X-1,25,000
=> X^3-122X^2+150X^2-7500X+125000=0
=> 28X^2-7500X+1,25,000= 0
=> 7X^2-1875X+31,250= 0
=> (X-250)(7X-125)= 0
=> X= 250 L
So, Final M= (250-122)= 128
So, Water= (250-128)= 122L(Answer.

04. A Jar contains 100 liters of Milk a thief stole 10 liter of Milk and replaced it with
water. Next, he stole 20 liter of Mixture and replaced it with water. Again he stole 25 liter
of Mixture and replaced with water. Then what is the quantity of water in the final
mixture?

[ 4 >) ( ? $ ( @=]
#Solution:

* & /:: %)! ऀ A!) %)!ऀ

Bऀ # ( ) /: ) ऀ "# + C $ A!) %)! ऀ )
A!) %)! ) ऀ

% /: ) 0: ऀ

= ) 7 ; ऀ
) ऀ & )8 & & 4D ऀ

%) ! = = 0:

= /:

* & A!) %)! ऀ 6 ऀ & )

%) ! # # 6 ) ऀ >3 = ' )8 & ऀ ?
) & 3 & ऀ 3 , +, ऀ

% ) %) ! + ) & &=??

= E= # ) ) 3 F+ ) & ऀ

= %) ! == /: : 0:

=/:0

! %)! = 0

"G ) 1: ) ऀ

0 + = 1:
=> =1

& %) ! = & 1: !'?

%) ! == 0*1= /5

== /*1= 1

&3 , &> = %)! E =?

3&) /5 ) 3$ ? ऀ %)! = 0:-/5= H1

= /:-1= 5

) 36$ = B %$ E= = ऀ

E= ) 1: ऀ &3 &> =

= 5+1:= 15

? > $ @ ऀ = ) # $ ऀ

&> %) ! == H1

= = 15

? E= # ) + ) & ) ऀ

& , %)! : = H1 : 15= / 5 : H

E= # 1I ) ऀ

! , %) ! == /5

=H

H +/5 = 1I

=> =/

& %)! ) 3 /5*/= /5

= H*/= H

( -Jऀ ) # $ 6 K %< ? $ L< ? ऀ

&> %) ! = H1-/5= IM
 = 15-H+1I= MN

05. In a 250 liter of a mixture of Milk and Water, Water is X%. The milkman sold 50
liters of the mixture and replaced same quantity with water. If the percent of Milk in final
mixture is 64%, then what is the percentage of Milk in the initial mixture?
#Solution:

Final milk= 250*64/100= 160 L

Initial Milk= 250-250*x/100
= 250-5x/2
=(500-5x)/2
ATQ,
(500-5x)/2- 50*(500-5x)/2/250= 160
=> (500-5x)/2-(500-5x)/10= 160
=> (2500-25x-500+5x)/10= 160
=> 2000-20x= 1600
=> 20x= 400
=> x= 20
Initial milk= 500-5*20/2= 200
%= 200*100/250= 80%

06. A jar contains ‘x’ liters of Milk, a seller withdraws 25% of it and sells it at Rs.20 per
liter. He then replaces it water. He repeated the process total three times. Every time while
selling he reduces selling price by Rs.2. After this process Milk left in the mixture is only
108 liters so he decided to sell the entire Mixture at Rs. 15 per liter. Then how much profit
did he earned if bought Milk at Rs.20 per liter?
#Solution:

x*(1-25% of x/x)^3= 108

=> x(1-1/4)^3= 108
=> x= 108*4*4*4/(3*3*3)= 256 L
CP = (256*20)= 5120
SP= 256*15+ 25% of 256 *(20+18+16)
= 256*15+64*54= 7296
Profit= (7296-5120)= 2176[Answer.]

07. ‘X’ Liters of the mixture contains Milk and Water in the ratio 4:3. If 13 liters of Water
is added then the ratio becomes 1:1. Then what is the final quantity of water in the
mixture?

#Solution:
Let, Initial milk= 4x
Initial water= 3x
ATQ,
(3x+13)/4x= 1/1
4x= 3x+13
x= 13
So, water at final = 3*13+13= 52 L(Answer.)

08. A jar contains 200 litres of milk a thief stole X litres of milk and replaced it with
water. Next, he stole 40 litres of milk and replaced it with water. Again he stole 50 litres of
milk and replaced with water. If quantity of water in the final mixture is 92 litres. Then
what is the value of X?

#Solution:
Initial mixture= 200L
Final milk= (100-92)= 108L
ATQ,
200*(1-x/200)(1-40/200)(1-50/200)= 108
=>200*(200-x)/200* (4/5)*(3/4)= 108
=> (200-x)*12= 108*20
=> (200-x)*3= 108*5
=> 3x-600= 540
=> 3x= 60
=> x= 20L
[Answer.]

09. From a 200 L container,a thief has stolen 10 liters of milk and replaced with water.He
repeated the process for three times,then the ratio of milk to water become 343:169.the
initial amount of milk in the container?
#Solution:
Let, intially mix.= x
ATQ,
x*(1-10/x)^3/x= 343/512
(1-10/x)^3= (7/8)^3
1-10/x= 7/8
1/8= 10/x
x= 80L(answer)
Law:x*(1-R/x)^n=Final mixture
X= initial amount
R= Replacement
n= repetition time

10. A Jar contains a mixture of Milk and Water 18 and 12 Liters respectively. When ‘x’
liter of the mixture is taken out and replaced with the same quantity of Water, then the
ratio of Milk and Water becomes 2:3. Then what is the quantity of Water in final
Mixture?

#Solution:
Milk : Water = 18:12
M renain= 18-18x/30= 18-3x/5= (90-3x)/5
W remain = 12-12x/30+x= 12-2x/5+x
= (60+3x)/5
ATQ,
(90-3x)/(60+3x)= 2/3
270-9x= 120+6x
 15x= 150
x=10L
Final water = (60+30)/5= 18 L(Answer.)

Mixture and allegation

Part-2
Solved by:MD MUTAHER HUSSAIN
11.Vikram covered 180 km distance in 10 hours. The first part of his journey he covered
by Car, then he hired a Rickshaw. The speed of the car and rickshaw is 25 kmph and 15
kmph respectively. The ratio of the distances covered by the car and the rickshaw is

#Solution:
Total time= 10 hr
Speed of car= 25 km/hr & Rickshaw= 15 km/hr
Let, he travel by car = t hr
Travel by rickshaw= (10-t) hr
ATQ,
t*25+(10-t)*15= 180
25t+150-15t=180
10t=30
t=3
Travel by car:Rickshaw=3*25:7*15=75:105=5:7[Answer.]
Alternative:
Average speed= 180/10= 18km/hr
25_________15
_____18____
3_________7
Distance car:Rickshaw= 3*25:7*15= 5:7
Alternative:
Let cover by car= x km
Cover by rickshaw= (180-x) km
ATQ,
x/25+(180-x)/15= 10
(3x+900-5x)= 750
900-2x= 750
150= 2x
x=75
So, cover by car =75 km
And, cover by rickshaw= (180-75)= 105
Raito of distance car:Rickshaw=75:105= 5:7[Answer.]
12.A mixture of wheat is sold at Rs.3 per Kg. This mixture is formed by mixing the Wheat
of Rs.2.10 per kg and Rs.2.52 per kg. What is the ratio of price of cheaper to the costlier
quality in the mixture if the profit of 25% is being earned
#Solution:
Cost price of mixture =3*100/125= 3*4/5= 12/5= 2.40RS/kg
Let, the amount of first part= x kg
Amount of second part= y kg
ATQ,
2.10x+2.52y= 2.4(x+y)
=> 2.4x-2.10x= 2.52y-2.4y
=>. 30x=.12y
=> 30x= 12y
=> x:y= 12:30= 2:5
Alternative:
Let, the amount of first part= x
Amount of second part =y
Sell price of mixture= 3
Since, 25% profit,
SP of first part= 125% of 2.10
= 5*2.10/4= 10.50/4= 2.625
SP of 2nd part= 125% of 2.52= (5*2.52)/4= 3.15
ATQ,
2.625x+3.15y= 3(x+y)
 => 3x-2.625x= 3.15y-3y
=>. 375x=. 15y
=> x:y=. 15/.375
=> x:y= 1/2.5
=> x:y= 1:2.5= 10:25= 2:5[Answer.]

13.From the 50 liters of a chemical solution, 5 liters of chemical solution is taken out and
after it, 5 liters of water is added to the rest amount of chemical solution. Again 5 liters of
chemical solution and water is drawn out and it was replaced by 5 liters of water. If this
process is continued similarly for the third time, the amount of chemical solution left after
the third replacement
#Solution:
Initial amount= 50 L
Replacement= 5 L
Final = 50*(1-5/50)^3= 50*45/50*45/50*45/50
= 50*(9/10)*(9/10)*(9/10)= 36.45L(Answer.)
Alternatives:Manual process:
Initial amount = 50 L
Replace by 5 L water.
So, chemical solution:Water= 45:5= 9:1(after first replacement)
2nd replacement:
C remain= 45-9*5/10= 45-9/2= 45-4.5= 40.5
So, W= 9.5
C:W= 40.5:9.5
3rd Replacement :
C remain= 40.5-40.5*5/50= 40.5-4.05= 36.45 L(Answer.)

14. From a container of milk, which contains 200 liters of milk, the seller replaces each
time with water when he sells 40 liters of milk(or mixture). Every time he sells out only 40
liters of milk(or mixture). After replacing the milk with water 4th time, the total amount
of water in the mixture is

#Solution:
Initial Amount= 200L
Replacement= 40L
Final water = 200-200*(1-40/200)^4
= 200-200*(160/200)^4
= 200-200*(4/5)*(4/5)*(4/5)= 118.08 L[Answer.]

[If you want to do this manually follow the previous math method]

15. A jar was full with Milk. A person used to draw out 20% of the Milk from the jar and
replaced it with water. He has repeated the same process 4 times and thus there was only
512 gm of milk left in the jar, the rest part of the jar was filled with the water. The initial
amount of milk in the jar was:

#Solution:
Let, Initial Milk = x L
Final milk = 512 gm
Repetition time, n= 4
Replacement = 20% of x
ATQ,
I*(1-R/I)^n= 512
x*(1-20%of x/x)^4= 512
x*(1-20/100)^4= 512
x*(1-1/5)^4=512
x*(4/5)^4=512
x= 512*(5/4)*(5/4)*(5/4)*(5/4)
x= 1250 gm or 1.25 kg[Answer]
16. From a container of Milk, a thief has stolen 15 liters of milk and replaced it with same
quantity of water. He again repeated the same process. Thus in three attempts, the ratio of
Milk and water became 343:169. The initial amount of Milk in the container was:

#Solution:
Let, the container contain = x L of milk.
Replacement= 15 L
Final amount of milk= 343
So, initial amount = 343+169= 512
ATQ,
x*(1-15/x)^3/x= 343/512
(1-15/x)^3= (7/8)^3
(1-15/x)= 7/8
1-7/8=15/x
1/8= 15/x
x=120L[Answer.]
17. The ratio of Solution “A” and Solution “B” in the container is 3:2 when 10 liters of the
mixture is taken out and is replaced by the Solution “B”, the ratio become 2:3. The total
quantity of the mixture in the container is:

#Solution:
Ration of A:B= 3:2
10 L taken out and replaced by B
So, A remain= 3x-3*10/5= 3x-6
And B remain= 2x-2*10/5 +10
= 2x+6
ATQ,
(3x-6)/(2x+6)= 2/3
9x-18= 4x+12
5x=30
x=6
The total quantity of mixture= (3x+2x)= 5x= 5*6= 30 L[Answer.]

18. From a container, 6 liters Solution “A” was drawn out and was replaced by water.
Again 6 liters of the mixture was drawn out and was replaced by the water. Thus the
quantity of Solution “A” and water in the container after these two operations is 9:16. The
quantity of the mixture is:
#Solution:
Let, initial mixture= x L
Final amount= x*(1-6/x)^2
Solution A in final:Initial= 9:(9+16)= 9:25
ATQ,
x*(1-6/x)^2/x= 9/25
(1-6/x)^2= (3/5)^2
1-6/x= 3/5
2/5=6/x
2x=30
x=15
19. The diluted Milk contains only 8 liters of Milk and the rest is water. A new mixture
whose concentration is 30%, is to be formed by replacing Milk. How many liters of the
mixture shall be replaced with pure Milk if there was initially 32 liters of water in the
mixture?

#Solution:
Milk = 8 L
Water = 32 L
Let Replacement= x
Milk Remain= 8-8x/40+x= 8-x/5+x= (40-x+5x)/5= (40+4x)/5
Water Remain= 32-32x/40= 32-4x/5
= (160-4x)/5
ATQ,
(40+4x)/(160-4x)= 3/7
280+28x= 480-12x
40x= 200
x= 5 L [Answer.]

20. In a school, the average weight of boys in a class is 30 kg and the average weight of
girls in the same class is 20kg. If the average weight of the whole class is 23.25 kg, what
could be the possible strength of boys and girls respectively in the same class?

#Solution:
Let, the number of boys=x
Number of girls=y
ATQ,
30x+20y=23.25(x+y)
30x+20y= 23.25x+23.25y
30x-23.25x= 23.25y-20y
6.75x= 3.25y
x:y= 3.25:6..75= 325:675=13:27
Number of Boys:Girl=13:27[Answer.]

#Mixture_Allegation_Part_3
Solved by::MD MUTAHER HUSSAIN
21. A vessel is filled with liquid, 4 parts of which are water and 5 parts syrup. How much
of the mixture must be drawn o and replaced with water so that the mixture may be half
water and half syrup?

#Solution:
Total part= 4+5= 9
4_______9
___4.5___
4.5______.5
45:5= 9:1
Replace = 1/(1+9)= 1/10[Answer.]

#Solution_2::
Let, Replace = x L
Water remain after replacement = 4/9- x*4/9+x
= (4/9-4x/9+x)
= (4+5x)/9
Syrup remain = 5/9-5x/9= (5-5x)/9
ATQ,
(4+5x)= 5-5x
10x= 1
x=1/10[Answer.]
22. Rice worth Rs. 126 per kg and Rs. 134 per kg are mixed with a third variety in the
ratio 1 : 1 : 2. If the mixture is worth Rs. 177 per kg, the price of the third variety per kg
will be:

#Solution:
Let, the price of third vareity = x
ATQ,
126*1+134*1+x*2= 177*4
260+2x= 708
2x=448
x= 224[Answer.]

23. One quantity of rice priced at Rs 9.30 per Kg is mixed with another quality at a
certain rate in the ratio 8:7. If the mixture so formed be worth Rs 10 per Kg, what is
the rate per Kg of the second quality of wheat?, what is the rate per Kg of the second
quality of wheat?

#Solution:
Let, the price of other = x
ATQ,
9.30*8+7*x= 10*(8+7)
7x= 75.6
x= 10.8[Answer.]
#Solution_2::
9.30________X(other price)
______10_____
8__________7
 ATQ,
7X-70= 5.6
7X= 75.6
X= 10.8[Answer.]
#Solution_3:
Each product less=10-9.3= 0.7rs
So, 8 product less= 0.7*8=5.6 rs
So, Price of another quality
(7*10+5.6)/7=10.8 RS

24. How many kgs of rice of variety-1 costing Rs.42/kg should a shopkeeper mix with 25
kgs of rice of variety-2 costing Rs.24 per kg so that he makes a prot of 25% on selling the
mixture at Rs.40/kg?

#Solution:
Let, 42 kg quantity rice = x
ATQ,
(42*x+25*24)*125/100= 40*(x+25)
(42x+25*24)*5= 160*(x+25)
210x+ 3000= 160x+4000
50x= 100
x= 20 (Answer.)
#Solution_2:
SP given = 40
CP= 40*4/5= 32
42_________24
______32____
8__________10
4:5
5===25
4===20 kg[Answer.]

#Solution_3::
SP 1= 42*5/4= 105/2
SP 2= 24*5/4= 30
Final SP = 40

105/2________30
_____40_______
10_________25/2
20________25
4:5
Now,
5 part ==25
4 part ==20 [Answer.]

25. An alloy contains Brass, Iron and Zinc in the ratio 2:3:1 and another contains Iron,
zinc and lead in the ratio 5:4:3.If equal weights of both alloys are melted together to form
a third alloy, then what will be the weight of lead per kg in new alloy?

#Solution:
B:I:Z= 2:3:1= [6]
I:Z:L= 5:4:3= [12]
LCM of 6& 12= 12
So, first ratio have to multiplied by = 12/6= 2
B:I:Z= 4:6:2
Final; I:Z:L= 5:4:3
So, Total = 24
Led= 3
Wt. Of led = 3/24= 1/8[Answer.]

26. A can contains 50 litres of milk. 10 litres of this milk is taken out and replaced with
water. This process is repeated twice. Find the amount of remaining milk in the mixture

#Solution::
We know, F= I*(1-R/I)^n
Where, F= Final mixture
I = Initial
R= Replacement
n= Repetition time
So, 50*(1-10/50)^3= 50*(4/5)*(4/5)*(4/5)= 128/5 L [Answer.[

#Solution_2::
Initially = 10 L Replace
M:W= 40:10
Again 10 L replace;
M= 40-10*40/50= 40-8= 32
W= 18
Again 10 L Replace:
M= 32-32*10/50= 32-32/5= (160-32)/5= 128/5 L (Answe.)

27. A milkman mixes 6 litres of free tap water with 20litres of pure milk. If the cost of
pure milk is Rs.28 per litre the % profit of the milkman when he sells all the mixture at
the cost price is

#Solution:
Total sell = 26 L of Milk
SP = 26*28= 728
CP= 28*20= 560
Profit= (768-560)= 168
% profit = 168*100/560= 30%[Answer.]

28. A 144 litres of mixture contains milk and water in the ratio 5 : 7. How much milk need
to be added to this mixture so that the new ratio is 23 : 21 respectively?

#Solution:
Milk= 144*5/12= 60L
Water = (144-60)= 84 L
ATQ,
(60+x)/(144+x)= 23/44
2640+44x= 3312+23x
21x= 672
x= 672/21
x= 32 L
#Solution_2::
ATQ,
(60+x)/84= 23/21
60*21+21x= 23*84
21x= 672
x= 32 L
#Solution_3::
Initial Ratio; Milk:Water= 5:7
Final Ratio; M:W= 23:21
Now, 21 part==84
23 part= 23*4= 92 L

29. In a 100 litre mixture of milk and water, the % of water is only 20%. The milkman
gave 25 litres of this mixture to a customer and then added 25 litres of water to the
remaining mixture. What is the % of milk in the fi nal mixture?
#Solution::

Initial Mix= 100 L

Milk = 80 L
Water = 20
M:W= 80:20
Now Replace = 25 L
M= 80-25*80/100= 80-25*4/5= 80-20= 60 L
So, water = 40 L
%= 60*100/100= 60%[Answer.]

30. vessel is lled with 120 litres of Chemical solution, Acid “A”. Some quantity of Acid “A”
was taken out and replaced with 23 litres of Acid “B” in such a way that the resultant
ratio of the quantity of Acid “A” to Acid “B” is 4:1. Again 23 litres of the mixture was
taken out and replaced with 28 litre of Acid “B”. What is the ratio of the Acid “A” to Acid
“B” in the resultant mixture?

#Solution:
A:B= 4:1
1==23
4= 92
A now = 92-92*23/115= 92-92/5= 368/5
B now = 23-23*23/115+28= 51-23/5= 232/5
A:B= 368/5:232/5= 368:232= 46:29[Answer.]

#Mixture_Part_4
#Solved By:Md Mutaher Hussain
31. Two vessels A and B contain a mixture of Milk and Water. In the first vessel (i.e)
Vessel A has the ratio of Milk to water is 8 : 3 and in the second vessel, Vessel B has the
ratio of 5 : 1. A 35 litre capacity vessel is filled from these two vessels so as to contain a
mixture of Milk and water in ratio of 4 : 1. Then how many litres should be taken from
the first vessel.

#Solution_1:
First vessel: M:W= 8:3[11]
2nd vessel: M:W= 5:1[6]
Final: M:W= 4:1[5]
LCM of 11,6,5= 330
M at first = 8*330/11= 240
M at 2nd = 5*330/6= 275
M at final = 4*330/5= 264
275______264______240
(275-264)_______(264-240)
11:24
Taken from first vessel= 35*11/35= 11 L[Answer.]

#Solution_2:
LCM of 11,6,5= 330
W at first = 3*330/11= 90
W at 2nd = 1*330/6= 55
W at final = 1*330/5= 66
55________66________90
11__________________24
Ratio= 11:24
Taken from first vessel = 11*35/11= 11 L
#Solution_3:
Milk at first = 8/11
Milk at 2nd = 5/6
Milk at final= 4/5
8/11__________5/6
________4/5_____
1/30__________4/55
1/6___________4/11
11________24
11:24
Taken from vessel A= 35*11/35= 11 L
#Solution_4_Written_Approach_
Let, first vessel contain = x L
2nd vessel contain = y L
Milk at both= (8x/11+ 5y/6)
Water at both= (3x/11+y/6)
ATQ,
(8x/11+ 5y/6)/(3x/11+y/6)= 4/1
=> (48x+55y)/(18x+11y)= 4/1
=> 48x+55y= 72x+44y
=> 24x= 11y
=> x:y= 11:24
Taken from vessel A= 35*11/35= 11 L[Answer.]

#Solution_5_Written_Approach_

Milk at A = 8x/11
Milk at B= 5y/6
ATQ,
(8x/11+5y/6)= 4/5(x+y)
=> (48x+55y)/66= 4*(x+y)/5
=> 240x+275y= 264x+264y
=> 24x= 11y
=> x:y= 11:24
Taken from vessel A = 11*35/35= 11 L[Answer.]
32. When one litre of water is added to a mixture of milk and water, the new mixture
contains 25% of milk. When one litre of milk is added to the new mixture, then the
resulting mixture contains 40% milk. What is the percentage of milk in the original
mixture?

#Solution:
(W+1)/M= 75/25= 3/1
W+1= 3M
2W+2= 6M
And,
(W+1)/(M+1)= 60/40= 3/2
2W+2= 3M+3
6M= 3M+3
3M= 3
M= 1
And,
(W+1)= 3
W= 2
So, Initially = M+W= 1+2= 3
Milk= 1
%= 1*100/3= 33(1/3)%[Answer.]
33. The price of a box and a pen is Rs.60. The box was sold at a 40% profit and the pen at
a loss of 10%. If the Shop keeper gains Rs.4 in the whole transaction, then how much is
the cost price of Box?

#Solution:
B+P= 60______[1]
140% of B-90% of P= 64
7B/5-9P/10= 64
(14B-9P)= 640
14B-9(60-B)= 640
14B-540+9B= 640
5B= 100
B= 100/5= 20
So, price of box = 20 RS [Answer.]

34. A vessel contains a mixture of diesel and petrol in which there is 20% diesel. Five
litres are drawn o and then the vessel is filled with petrol. If the diesel present in the
mixture is now 15% then how much does the vessel hold?

#Solution:
Petrol:Diesel= 8:2= 4:1
5 L is drawn off
Petrol remain = 4x-4*5/5+5= 4x-4+5= 4x+1
Diesel Remain= x-1*5/5= (x-1)
ATQ,
(4x+1)/(x-1)= 85/15= 17/3
12x+3= 17x-17
5x= 20
x= 4
Vessel hold = (4x+x)= 5x= 5*4= 20 L [Answer.]
35. In a lab, two chemical solutions Acid “A” with 90% purity and Acid “B” with 96%
purity are mixed resulting in 24 litres of mixture of 92% purity. How much is the quantity
of the rst solution, Acid “A” in the resulting mixture?
#Solution::
Acid A = 90% purity
Acid B = 96% purity
ATQ,
90% of x+ 96% of y= 92% of (x+y)
90x+96y= 92x+92y
2x= 4y
x:y= 2:1
Acid A in resulting mixture = 24*2/3= 16 L [Answer.]

36. . 60 kg of a certain variety of Sugar at Rs.32 per kg is mixed with 48 kg of another

variety of sugar and the mixture is sold at the average price of Rs.28 per kg. If there be no
profit or no loss due to the new selling price, then what is the price of second variety of
Sugar?
#Solution:
60*32+48*x= 28*(60+48)
1920+48x= 1680+1344
48x= 1104
x= 23 RS [Answer.]
37. Six litre of milk was taken out from a vessel and is then filled with water. This
operation is performed two more times. The ratio of the quantity of milk now left in vessel
to that of the water is 8 : 19.How much is the quantity of the milk contained by the vessel
originally?
#Solution:
Taken out = 6 L
Final milk = x*(1-6/x)^3
Initial milk= x
ATQ,
x*(1-6/x)^3/x= 8/27
x*(1-6/x)^3= (2/3)^3
(1-6/x)= 2/3
1-2/3= 6/x
1/3=6/x
x= 18 L [Answer.]
38. 18 litres of Petrol was added to a vessel containing 80 litres of Kerosene. 49 litres of the
resultant mixture was taken out and some more quantity of kerosene and petrol was
added to the vessel in the ratio 2:1. If the respective ratio of kerosene and petrol in the
vessel was 4:1, what was the quantity of kerosene added in the vessel?
#Solution:
Initial solution= (80+18)= 98 L
Petrol:Kerosene = 80:18
Taken out = 49 L
Kerosene Remain= 80-49*80/98= 80-40= 40 L
Petrol remain= 18-49*18/98= 18-9= 9 L
Now, kerosene added= 2x
Petrol added = x
ATQ,
(40+2x)/(9+x)= 4/1
40+2x= 36+4x
2x= 4 L
So, kerosene added = 4 L [Answer.]
39. A vessel which contains a mixture of acid and water in ratio 13:4. 25.5 litres of mixture
is taken out from the vessel and 2.5 litres of pure water and 5 litres of acid is added to the
mixture. If resultant mixture contains 25% water, what was the initial quantity of mixture
in the vessel before the replacement in litres?

#Solution:
Initial A:C= 13:4
Taken out = 25.5 L
Acid remain= 13x-13*25.5/17+5
= 13x – 19.5+5= 13x-14.5
Water Remain= 4x -4*25.5/17+ 2.5
= 4x-3.5
ATQ,
(13x-14.5)/(4x-3.5)= 75/25= 3/1
13x-14.5= 12x-10.5
x= 4
Initial Quantity of mixture = 17x= 17*4= 68 L [Answer.]

40. How many kilograms of rice costing Rs. 9 per kg must be mixed with 27kg of rice
costing Rs.7 per kg so that there may be gain of 10% by selling the mixture at Rs.9.24 per
kg?

#Solution:
9*x+27*7= 9.24*10/11(x+27)
9x+ 189= 8.4(x+27)
9x+189= 8.4x+ 226.8
.6x= 37.8
x= 63[Answer.]
41. A trader mixes 6ltr of milk costing 5000 rupees with 7ltr of milk costing 6000 rupees
per litre. The trader also mixes some quantity of water to the mixture so as to bring the
price to 4800 per litre. How many litres of water is added.

#Solution:
Let, Quantity of water = x
ATQ,
(6*5000+6000*7)/(13+x)= 4800
(30,000+42,000)/(13+x)= 4800
72,000= 4800*13+4800x
x= 9600/4800= 2[Answer.]

42. Two cans P and Q contains milk and water in the ratio of 3:2 and 7:3 respectively. The
ratio in which these two cans be mixed so as to get a new mixture containing milk and
water in the ratio 7:4.

#Solution:
Let, P cans contain = x L.
Q can contain= y L.
Milk in total = 3x/5+ 7y/10= (6x+7y)/10
Water in total = (2x/5+3y/10)= (4x+3y)/10
ATQ,
4*(6x+7y)= 7*(4x+3y)
24x+28y= 28x+21y
4x= 7y
x:y= 7:4[Answer.]

43. A sample of x litre is replaced from a container containing milk and water in the ratio
2:3 by pure milk. If the container hold 30 litres of the mixture, and after the operation
proportion of milk and water is same. Find the value of X?

#Solution:
Replace= x L
Mixture contains= 30L
Milk= 30*2/5= 12 L
Water= 30*3/5= 18 L
After replacement of x L
Milk= 12-12x/30= 12-2x/5+x= (60+3x)/5
Water= 18-18x/30= 18-3x/5= (90-3x)/5
ATQ,
(60+3x)/(90-3x)= 1/1
60+3x= 90-3x
6x= 30
x= 5 L [Answer.]
44. How many litres of water must be added to 60 litre mixture that contains milk and
water in the 7:3 such that the resulting mixture has 50% water in it?
#Solution’
Milk = 60*3/10= 18 L
Water = 42 L
ATQ,
(42+x)/(18)= 1/1
42+x= 18
x= 24 L[Answer.]
45. How many Kgs of rice A costing rupees 20 per kg must be mixed with 20 kg of rice B
costing rupees 32 per kg, so that after selling them at 35 rupees per kg, he gets a prot of
25%.

#Solution:
x*20+20*32= 4/5*35*( x+20)
(20x+640)*5= 140*(x+20)
100x+3200= 140x+2800
40x= 400
x= 400/40= 10kg[Answer.]

46. A milkman mixes water and milk in a container in the ratio 2 : 5,respectively. Initially,
he sells the mixture at Rs. 30 per liter. After selling 70 liters of mixture, he mixes another
20 liters of water and then ratio of water and milk becomes 8 : 15, respectively. The new
mixture is sold by the milk man at the rate of Rs. 25 per liter. If cost of milk is Rs. 27 per
liter then find the profit of milkman in the whole transaction?

#Solution:
W:M= 2x:5x
Let water= 2x
Milk = 5x
So, Total = 7x
He sold = 70 L
Where, Milk= 70*5/7= 50 L
And Water= 20L
Now,
(5x-50)/(2x-20+20)= 15/8
=> 40x-400= 30x
=> 10x= 400
=> x= 40
So, Initial milk= 5*40= 200L
Milk CP= 200*27
Intially sold= 70*30= 2100 TK
Final W= 2*40= 80 L
Final M= 5*40-50= 150L

Final Total mix= (150+80)= 230 L

Total SP= 230*25+2100= 7850
And CP= 200*27= 5400
Profit= (7850-5400)= 2450[Answer.]
47. Two vessels contain milk and water in the ratio of 7:3 and 2:3 respectively. Find the
ratio in which the contents of both the vessels must be mixed to get a new mixture
containing milk and water in the ratio 3:2.

#Solution:
First vessel; M:W= 7:3[10]
2nd vessel; M:W= 2:3[5]
Final vessel; M:W= 3:2[5]
LCM of 10,5,5= 10
Milk at first = 10*7/10= 7L
Milk at 2nd = 10*2/5= 4 L
Final Milk= 10*3/5= 6 L
4===========6==========7
(6-4)=2=============(7-6)= 1
2:1

[ ?
 ऀ প ! প য ऀ

# $ য %! য ;

! য& ' ' & ऀ

য! (প ( $ , ! !) ' * +◌ -, . '*
2:3 , ' * 3:2ऀ $ ! য& = ++-= 01, . য&
= 2ऀ

. 3প '! $ প !?

য& 01,2 24 $ .% .6 7 ऀ 01,2, 2 .% .6= 01ऀ

89 3প: য ' *ऀ 'প !) য : প ऀ

য '! * ; 01 ' *ऀ $ $ ! !) ' * +◌ -ऀ
, %$ !) প ! = 01*+/01= + ऀ. % ! *ऀ

3প ! !< = >ऀ '! -<! প *ऀ ! +, . ?, @ A

ऀ

$ = 7 ऀ % %! ऀ. ! $ , ! B, 0!
>ऀ

%= '! প ,

?==========A========+

3প

$ C & 7 ऀ = >ऀ (! B - ! )◌ ( > –! B )

(A-?)◌ (+-A)= .◌ 04
48. A 100-litre mixture of milk and water contains 36 litres of milk. 'x' litres of this
mixture is removed and replaced with an equal quantum of water. If the process is
repeated once, then the concentration of the milk stands reduced at 25%. What is the
value of x?
#Solution:
Initial Milk = 36 L
 Final Milk = 36*(1-x/100)^2
Final/Initial= 36*(1-x/100)^2/36
25/36= (1-x/100)^2
5/6= 1-x/100
x/100=1/6
6x= 100
x= 100/6= 16.667 L[ANSWER.]
49. 20% ammonia solution and 70% ammonia solution were mixed to form 50% ammonia
solution. If 120 litres of 20% ammonia solution were used in the process, what was the
volume of the 50% ammonia solution that was produced?
#Solution:
Let, 20% solution= x
70% solution = y
ATQ,
20% of x+ 70% of y= 50% of (x+y)
20x+70y= 50(x+y)
20x+70y= 50x+50y
30x= 20y
x:y= 2:3
Now, 2 part = 120
5 part = 120*5/2= 300 L [Answer.]

50. Eight litres are drawn off from a vessel full of water and substituted by pure milk.
Again eight litres of the mixture are drawn off and substituted by pure milk. If the vessel
now contains water and milk in the ratio 9:40, find the capacity of the vessel.

#Solution:
Let, Initial Mixture contain = x L of solution(Water.)
Final water = x*(1-8/x)^2
ATQ,
x*(1-8/x)^2/x= 9/49
(1-8/x)^2= (3/7)^2
1- 8/x= 3/7
 4/7= 8/x
4x= 56
x= 14 L [Answer.]
51. Each of the cucumbers in 100 pounds of cucumbers is composed of 99% water, by
weight. After some of the water evaporates, the cucumbers are now 98% water by weight.
What is the new weight of the cucumbers, in pounds?
#Solution:
Total = 100 pounds of cucumber
Where 99% water and 1% of non water.
So, original cucumber = 1% of 100= 1 pounds
Now, some of the water evaporate and it becomes 98% of water. So, non water is = 2%,
since only water is evaporated
So, 2% of cucumber = 1 pounds of water
100% = 100/2= 50 pounds of water[Answer.]
#Similar Math practice: (Try yourself)
1. Five kilograms of oranges contained 98% of water. If the next day the concentration
of water decreased by 2%, what was the new weight of the oranges, in
kilograms?[Answer. 2.5 kg]
2. Fresh dates contain 90% water while dry dates contain 28% water . How many kg
of dry dates can be obtained from 36kg of fresh dates ?[Answer. 5 kg]
52. A vessel ( capacity 10 ltrs) is filled entirely with petrol and kerosene in the ratio 3:2.
Two ltrs of this solution is removed and replaced with 2 ltrs of kerosene. This procedure is
repeated thrice. Find the % of petrol in the resulting solution.
#Solution:
Petrol = 10*3/5= 6 L
Initial = 6 L
Final = 6*(1-2/10)^3= 6*(4/5)^3= 3.072
%= 3.072*100/10= 30.72%[Answer.]
53. A solution contains 8 parts of water for every 7 parts of Lemonade syrup. How many
parts of the solution should be removed and replaced with water so that the solution will
now contain 40% lemonade syrup?
#Solution:
Water:Lemonde= 8:7
Let, Replacement = x L.
Water remain = 8/15 -8x/15 +x
 = (8+7x)/15
Lemonade = 7/15-7x/15
= (7-7x)/15
ATQ,
2*(8+7x)= 3*(7-7x)
16+14x= 21-21x
35x= 5
x= 5/35= 1/7 part [Answer.]
54. If a portion of a half water/half alcohol mix is replaced with 25% alcohol solution,
resulting in a 30% alcohol solution, what percentage of the original alcohol was replaced?
#Solution:
Initially = 50% of Alcohol.
Replacement = 25% of Alcohol.
Resulting = 30% of Alcohol.
50____________25
______30______
5___________20
1:4
Now, Replacement = 4 part
Total = 5 part
% = 4*100/5= 80%[Answer.]
55. A dessert recipe calls for 50% melted chocolate and 50% raspberry puree to make a
particular sauce. A chef accidentally makes 15 cups of the sauce with 40% melted
chocolate and 60% raspberry puree instead. How many cups of the sauce does he need to
remove and replace with pure melted chocolate to make the sauce the proper 50% of
each?
#Solution:
Chocolate = 15*40/100= 15*2/5= 6 L.
Raspberry = 9 L
Let, Replacements= x L
Chocolate= 6- 6x/15 +x = (90+9x)/15
Raspberry = 9-9x/15= (135-9x)/15.
ATQ,
90+9x= 135-9x
18x= 45
x= 45/18= 5/2= 2.5 Cups [Answer.]
56. Sue's trail mix is 30% nuts and 70% dried fruit. Jane's trail mix is 60% nuts and 40%
chocolate chips. If the combined mixture of Sue and Jane's trails mix contains 50% nuts,
what percent of the combined mixture is dried fruit?
#Solution’
30% of x +60% of y= 50% of (x+y)
20% of x= 10% of y
x:y= 1:2
So, if first mixture contain 1 part; 2nd mixture = 2 part
First; N:D= 30:70
2nd N:C=120:80
Total mixture = 30+70+120+80= 300 L
Dry part = 70 L
% = 70*100/300= 23(1/3)%[Answer.]

57. A patient is given exactly 750 milliliters of a mixture of two medications daily.
Medication A contains 40% pain killer and medication B contains 20% pain killer. If the
patient receives exactly 215 milliliters of pain killer daily, how many milliliters of
medication B are in the mixture?
#Solution:
A+B= 750
A= 750-B__________[1]
And,
2A/5+ B/5= 215
2A= 1075-B
A= (1075-B)/2________[2]
From [1] & [2]
750-B= (1075-B)/2
1500-2B= 1075-B
 B= 1500-1075= 425[Answer.]
58. The ratio of number of Boys to Girls in Class A is 2:3 and the ratio of number of Boys
to Girls in Class B is 3:7. If the number of students in Class A is at least thrice as many as
the number of students in Class B, Find the minimum percentage of Boys when both
classes are considered together.
#Solution:
B:G= 2:3= 12:18[Ist class]
B:G= 3:7
Total = 12+18+3+7= 40
Boys = (12+3)= 15
% of minimum boys= 15*100/40= 37.5%[Answer.]

59. The final exam of a particular class makes up 40% of the final grade, and Moe is
failing the class with an average (arithmetic mean) of 45% just before taking the final
exam. What grade does Moe need on his final exam in order to receive the passing grade
average of 60% for the class?
#Solution::
Let, Total Marks = 100.
He obtained = 45% of 60= 27
Marks needed to be obtained extra= (60-27)= 33
%= 33*100/40= 82.5%[Answer.]

60. A milkman ordered his assistant to first remove 3 liters out of the 8 liters of a solution
of milk and water and then add 3 liters of water to it. Thinking that it would not make any
difference, the lab assistant first added 3 liters of water and then removed 3 liters of the
solution. Find the ratio of the expected concentration of the milk to the actual
concentration of the milk.

#Solution:
First case:
Remove = 3 L of solution.
M:W= 5:3
Actually, added first = 3 L of solution(Water)
So, Mixture contain now= (8+3)= 11 L of solution
Where, Milk = 8-24/11[After 3 L replacement]
= 64/11
Expected:Actual = 5:64/11= 55:64[Answer.]

61. A company produces a cleaning solution that has 60% concentration of Chemical K.
The current production batch contains 200L of an ingredient with a 30% concentration of
Chemical K and 150L of an ingredient with a 40% concentration of Chemical K. How
much pure chemical K must be added to the batch to attain the correct concentration of
Chemical K?
#Solution:
Total solution= 150+200= 350
Let, added amount = x L
Solution have already = 200*30/100+150*40/100= 120 L
ATQ,
(120+x)/(350+x)= 60/100
(120+x)/(350+x)= 3/5
600+5x= 1050+3x
2x= 450
x = 225 L[Answer.]
Alternative:
Clearly the solution have two concentration. One is k and other is water.
Final = 40% water[Which will be the same, since no water is added]
Initially mixture contain = 200+150= 350 L of solution
Where water = 350- (200*.3+150*.4)= 230 L
Now, 40%= 230 L
100%= 230*100/40= 575 L of solution
So, pure k needed to be added = 60% of 575- 120
= (345-120)L= 225 L[Answer.]
62. Two mixtures of clay and sand contain 40% and 70% sand by weight. When both the
mixtures are mixed, the resultant mixture is 700 gm. If the resultant mixture contains
45% clay by weight, then what is weight of the first mixture?
#Solution:
Two mixture clay and sand contain 40% & 70% of sand.
Let, First mixture contain = x
2nd mixture contain = y
ATQ,
40% of x+70% of y = 55% of (x+y)
40x+70y = 55x+55y
15x= 15y
x:y= 1:1
So, x+y= 700
Since x= y
So, First mixture weight = 700/2= 350 L [Answer.]
#Alternative:
Since first mixture contain = 40% of sand; so clay= 60%
2nd mixture sand = 70% so clay = 30%
Final mixture clay contain= 45%
ATQ,
60% of x + 30% of y=45% of (x+y)
60x+30y= 45x+45y
60x-45x=45y-30y
15x=15y
x:y= 1:1
So, first mixture by weight = 700/2= 350 L[Answer.]
63. One cup of nuts that contains exactly half peanuts and half cashews is added to a bowl
of nuts that is exactly one third peanuts, one third cashews, and one third almonds. This
results in a three-cup mixture of nuts. What fraction of the new nut mixture is peanuts?
#Solution:
P:C=1/2:1/2[1 bowl]
P:C:A= 2/3:2/3:2/3[2 bowl]
Total Peanut = ½+2/3
=7/6
Fraction = 7/6*3= 7/18[Answer.]
64. A restaurant makes its regular sauce from 5 parts sweet sauce and 3 parts chilli sauce.
Then its spicy sauce is made from 5 parts chilli sauce and 3 parts sweet sauce. How many
cups of chilli sauce must be mixed with a 24-cup regular sauce to turn it to spicy sauce?
#Solution:
Total regular sauce = 24 Cup
Where, Chili = 24*3/8= 9 cup
To make it spicy sauce chili might be = 5 part
Let, chili added = x L
ATQ,
(9+x)/(24+x)= 5/8
72+8x= 120+5x
3x= 48
x= 18 cup
So, chili might be added = 18 cup [Answer.]
#Alternative:
Sweet sauce = 15 L
Which does not added further.
So, 3= 15
8= 40
So, chili might be added= (40-9-15)= 16 Cup[Answer.]
65. If a milkman wishes to earn a profit of 16.66% by selling milk at cost price and mixing
water to the milk. What percent of the mixture has to be water?
#Solution:
Let Milk CP:SP= 100:350/3= 300:350= 6:7
So In total Milk= 6
Water = 7-6= 1
%= 100/7=14.28%[Answer.]
66. . 12.5% of a solution having milk and water in the ratio 24 : 25 is removed and
replaced with water. Find the ratio of milk and water in the solution if this operation is
done a total of three times.
#Solution::
Let, total = 49 L
M left = 24(1-12.5/100)³
= 24 × (7/8) × (7/8) × (7/8)
= 1029/64
W = 49 - 1029/64 = 2107/64
M:W = 1029/64 : 2107/64
= 1029 : 2107 = 21:43
#Alternative:
24/49= Milk/Total
Replace = 12.5% of 24/49
M/T= 24/49*(1- 12.5%)^3
= 24/49*(1-1/8)^3= 24/49 *7/8 *7/8*7/8= 21:64
M:W= 21:(64-21)= 21:43[Answer. ]
67. Papayaya, a popular soft drink, contains only four ingredients. Soda water comprise
4/7 of Papayaya and natural lemon juice makes 1/3 of Papayaya. The amounts of sugar
and papaya puree in Papayaya are equal. Due to a malfunction, the mixing machine mixes
double the regular amount of lemon juice and three times the regular amount of papaya
puree. If no other changes were made to the relative quantities of the ingredients, what is
the fractional portion of soda water in the drink that comes out of the malfunctioning
machine?
#Solution:
S:L:P:Su= 4/7:1/3:1/21:1/21
= 12:7:1:1
Now,
Lemon twice = 7*2= 14
Pure thrice = 3*1= 3
New Ration:
S:L:P:Su= 12:14:3:1
Sum = (12+14+3+1)= 30
Soda water = 12/30= 2/5[Answer.]
68. Sixty percent of the rats included in an experiment were female rats. If some of the
rats died during an experiment and 70 percent of the rats that died were male rats, what
was the ratio of the death rate among the male rats to the death rate among the female
rats?
#Solution:
Let, F= 60
M= 40
Let total died = x
F died,30% of x= 3x/10
M died = 70% of x= 7x/10
Rate ratio,
(7x/10)/40:(3x/10)/60= 7:2[Answer.]
69. A dishonest milkman mixes water and milk and claims to sell the milk at cost price,
thereby making a profit of 25%. How much water is there in one litre that he delivers to
the customers?
#Solution:
Milk:Water = 125:25=5:1
Water = 1/5
= 1000/5= 200 mL [Answer.]
70. A dishonest grocer professes to sell pure butter at cost price, but he mixes it with
adulterated fat and thereby gains 25%. Find the percentage of adulterated fat in the
mixture assuming that adulterated fat is freely available?
#Solution:
Butter:Fat= 125:25
= 5:1
% fat = 25*100/125= 20%[Answer.]
#Solved and editted by:MD. MUTAHER HUSSAIN

71. There are three vessels of equal capacity .Vessel A contains Milk and water in the ratio
4:3 ;Vessel B contains Milk and water in the ratio 2:1 and Vessel C contains Milk and
water in the ratio 3:2 .If the mixture in all the three vessels is mixed up.What will be the
ratio of milk and water ?
#Solution:
Vessel 1: M:W= 4:3[7]
Vessel 2: M:W= 2:1[3]
Vessel 3: M:W= 3:2[5]
LCM of 7,3,5= 105
Milk in total = (4*105/7+2*105/3+3*105/5)=(60+70+63)= 193
Water in total= (3*105/7+1*105/3+2*105/5)=(45+35+42)=122
Milk:Water= 193:122[Answer.]
#Alternative
M:W=(4/7+2/3+3/5):(3/7+1/3+2/5)
= (60+70+63)/105:(45+35+42)/105
=193/105:122/105
=193:122[Answer]
72. Two quarts containing 2⁄3 water and 1⁄3 formula are mixed with three quarts
containing 3⁄8 water and 5⁄8 formula. Approximately what percent of the combined five-
quart mixture is water?
#Solution:
Let, Initial = 2
Final = 3
ATQ,
(2*2/3+3*3/8)= 5x
59/24= 5x
x= 59/120= 0.5
%= 0.5*100= 50%[Answer.]
#Alternative
LCM of 2 & 3= 6
Let, first mix contain= 6 L
2nd mix contain = 9 L
Total mix = (6+9)= 15 L
Water in total =6*2/3+9*3/8= 4+27/8= 59/8
% water= 59*100/120= 50%[Answer]
73. A tank holds x gallons of a saltwater solution that is 20% salt by volume. One Fourth
of the water is evaporated, leaving all of the salt. When 10 Gallons of water and 20 gallons
of salt are added, the resulting mixture is 33 1/3 % salt by volume. What is the value of x?
#Solution
A tank hold = x gallons
Where salt= x*20/100= x/5
So, water = 4x/5
Now ¼ of the water is evaporated.
Water remain= 4x/5-x/5= 3x/5
Now, Total mixture added = 10+20= 30 L
So, Total mixture = (3x/5+ x/5 + 30)= (4x/5 +30)
ATQ,
(x/5+20)/(4x/5+30)= 1/3
(x+100)/(4x+150)= 1/3
3x+300= 4x+150
x= 150 L[Answer.]
#Alternative
ATQ,
(3x/5+10)/(4x/5+30)=2/3
(3x+50)/(4x+150)= 2/3
9x+150= 8x+300
x= 300-150= 150L [Answer.]
#Alternative:
ATQ,
(x/5 +20)/(3x/5+10)= ½
(x+100)/(3x+50)= ½
2x+200= 3x+50
x= 150L[Answer.]
74. A 48 lts container containing liquid A and B contains 25% liquid A. a few lts of the
mixture is released and replaced with equal amount of Liquid B. If this process is repeated
once, the cylinder is found to contain 16% liquid A .How many lts of the mixture was
released each time.?
#Solution:
Liquid A + Liquid B = 48 L
Liquid A initially = 48*1/4= 12 L [25%= 25/100= ¼]
Let, Replacement = x L
Final A= 16% of 48
12*(1-x/48)^2= 16% of 48
(1-x/48)^2= 16% of 4
(1-x/48)^2= 64/100
(1-x/48)^2= (8/10)^2
(1-x/48)^2= (4/5)^2
(1-x/48)= 4/5
x/48= 1-(4/5)
x/48= 1/5
5x= 48
x= 48/5= 9.6 L [Answer.]
75. milk and water mixture are in the ratio 7:3. A 10 L mixture is removed and replaced
with water to bring down the concentration of milk by 10%. The amount, in litres, of
water that needs to be added to the resulting mixture in order to reduce the concentration
of milk to 50% is
#Solution:
Milk:Water = 7:3
Let, Milk = 7x
Water = 3x
Replacement = 10 L
After, Replacement of 10 L
Milk = 7x-7*10/7= (7x-7)
Water = (3x-30/10 +10)
= (3x+7)
Milk quantity reduced by 10% which is 60% now,
ATQ,
(7x-7)/(3x+7)= 60/40
(7x-7)/(3x+7)= 3/2
14x-14= 9x+21
14x-9x= 21+14
5x= 35
x=7
So, Milk = 7*7-7= 42
Water = 3*7+7= 28
Again, y L water is added, Thus milk concentration = 50%
ATQ,
(28+y)/(42)= 1/1
28+y= 42
y= 14 L
So water added finally = 14 L[Answer.]
76. In the first consignment, 12% bulbs were faulty. In the second consignment, 4% bulbs
were faulty.In the two consignments, 7% bulbs were faulty. If the two consignments
combined had 4000 bulbs,how many faulty bulbs did the first consignment have?
#Solution:

Let, First consignment = x bulb

2nd consignment = y bulb
ATQ,
12% of x + 4% of y= 7% of (x+y)
12x+4y= 7x+7y
12x -7x= 7y-4y
5x= 3y
 x:y= 3:5
So, 1st consignment have = 3*4000/8= 1500 bulb
Faulty bulb = 1500*12/100= 180 bulb [Answer.]
77. John has 3 solutions: a 12% saline solution, a 8% vinegar solution, and a 15% alcohol
solution. He mixes 3 liters of the alcohol solution with 3 liters of the vinegar solution. What
is the minimum amount of the saline solution he must add if the resulting mixture must be
at least 2% saline solution?
#Solution::
3L Alcohol + 3 L vinegar = 6 L solution
Let,
He adds x L of saline solution. Where saline = 12% of x
So, Now Total Solution= (6+x)
Saline content = 2% of (6+x)
ATQ,
2% of (6+x)= 12% of x
2*(6+x)= 12x
12+2x= 12x
12x-2x= 12
10x= 12
x = 12/10= 6/5 or, 1.2 L [Answer.]
78. A chemistry student is working with solution M, which has a 20% calcium chloride
concentration. He needs to remove three-fourths of this solution and then add a new
solution, solution N, to create a third solution, solution P, with double the volume of
solution M. What must the calcium chloride concentration of solution N be to create a
calcium chloride concentration of 37.5% in solution P?
#Solution:
Initially solution contains = M L of solution
Where Calcium chloride= M*20/100= M/5 L
He removed 3M/4
So, M remain = (4M-3M)/4= M/4
Where calcium chloride remove = (3M/4)*(1/5)= 3M/20
So Calcium chloride now = M/5 – 3M/20= M/20
Now, N solution is added and finally the volume is double which means 2M Solution.
ATQ,
M/4+N= 2M
N= 2M -M/4
N = 7M/4
Finally, Calcium chloride = 2M*3/8= 3M/4 L
So, Calcium chloride must be added = (3M/4)- (M/20)
= (15M-M)/20= 14M/20= 7M/10
Since N= 7M/4
So, Calcium chloride in N= 7M/10
%= (7M*100/10)*(4/7M)
= 40%[Answer.]
79. Grandmother's Punch hangover cure is a mix of two ingredients: a herbal extraction
that contains 20% alcohol and apricot cider that contains 5% alcohol. If a 750-milliliter
Grandmother's Punch bottle has 87 milliliters of alcohol, how much apricot cider does it
contains?
#Solution:
Let, Two ingredients are x & y.
ATQ,
20% of x + 5% of y = 87
20x+5y= 8700
20x= 8700-5y
x= (8700-5y)/20____________[1]
And, x + y= 750
(8700-5y)/20 + y= 750
(8700-5y+20y)= 750*20
(8700+15y)= 15,000
15 y= 15,000-8700
15y = 6300
y = 6300/15= 420
Apricot solution= 420 L [Answer.]
80. An alloy of gold,silverand bronze contain 90% bronze, 7% gold and3% silver.a second
alloy of bronze and silver only is melted with the first and mixture contain 85% of
bronze,5% of gold,10% of silver find the percentage of bronze in second alloy?
#Solution::
Let, 1st mixture contain = 100 g
Bronze = 90 g
Gold = 7 g
Silver = 3 g
2nd Mixture: Only Bronze and silver is added.
Gold remain same. Since no gold is added.
Let, Total Mixture = x L[After.added.amount]
Initially gold = 7g
ATQ,
5% of x= 7
x= 7*100/5= 140

So, new amount added = (140-100)= 40 g

So, Bronze in new mixture = 140*85/100= 7*17= 119
So, Amount added = (119-90)= 29
%= 29*100/40= 29*5/2= 145/2= 72.5%[Answer.]
81. . A milk seller has a milk of Rs.100 per litre. In what ratio should water be mixed in
that milk, so that after selling the mixture at Rs.80 per litre, he may get a profit of 50%?
#Solution:
Let, Amount of milk = x
Amount of water = y
ATQ,
3/2*(100*x+0)= 80(x+y)
300x= 160x+160y
140x= 160y
x:y= 160:140= 8:7
So, Milk:Water= 8:7[Answer.]
82. 6 litres from a 30 litre mixture of milk and water in the ratio 3 : 2 is replaced with
milk. The operation is repeated once. What will be the ratio of milk and water in the
resultant mixture?
#Solution:
Milk = 30*3/5= 18 L
Water = 12 L
Final water = 12*(1-6/30)^2
= 12*4/5 *4/5
= 192/25= 7.68 L
So, Milk = (30-7.68)= 22.32 L
Milk : Water = 22.32:7.68[Answer]

83. In a vessel there is a certain quantity of mixture of milk and water in the ratio 5 : 1
respectively. 24 litres of mixture is taken out and same quantity of milk is added to the
vessel. The ratio of milk and water now becomes 13 : 2 respectively. Again 15 litres of
mixture is taken out. What is the quantity of milk in the resulting mixture? (in litres)
#Solution:
Let, Initially,
Milk = 5x
Water = x
After Replacing 24 L by milk
Milk remain = 5x -24*5/6 +24= (5x+4)
Water = x- 24/6= (x-4)
ATQ,
(5x+4)/(x-4)= 13/2
10x+8= 13x-52
3x= 60
x = 20L
So, Milk now = 5*20+4= 104
Again, 15 L remove
So, Milk = 104-104*15/120= 104-13= 91 L[Answer.]
#Alternative
M:W= 5:1[Initial ]= 80:16
M:W= 13:2[Final]= 104:16
So, Final Milk = 104 L
After 15 L removal
Milk remain = 104-104*15/120= 104-13= 91L[Answer.]
84. A sugar salution of 3 litre contain 60 % sugar. One litre of water is added to this
solution. Then the percentage of sugar in the new solution is:
#Solution:
In 3 L solution sugar is 60%
So, Sugar Amount = 3*3/5= 1.8 L
Now, 1 L water is added.
So, Total solution= (3+1)= 4 L
% sugar = 1.8*100/4= 180/4= 45%[Answer.]
85. A milkman adds 500 ml of water to each litre of milk he has in a container. He sells 30
litre of mixture from container and adds 10 litre milk in the remaining. The ratio of milk
and water in the final mixture is 11:5.Find the initial quantity of milk in the container.
#Solution:
Let, Initially Milk = 10x
So, Water = 5x
So, Total Quantity = 15x
After selling 30 L mixture and adding 10 L of milk,
Mixture = (15x+10-30)= (15x-20)
And Milk = (10x-30*2/3+10)= (10x-10)
ATQ,
(15x-20)/(10x-10)= 16/11
15x*11-220= 160x-160
5x= 60
x = 12
Initial quantity of milk = 10*12= 120 L[Answer.]
86. Ramesh has a container filled completely with 80% milk and 20% water. 5 litres of the
solution is removed and replaced with water. Then, 15 litres of this solution is removed
and replaced with water. The milk percentage is now 55%. Which of the following can be
the capacity of the container (in litres)?
#Solution:
Let, Total mixture = x
Milk = 4x/5
ATQ,
4x/5*(1-5/x)*(1-15/x)= 55% of x
4/5{(x-5)(x-15)/x^2)}= 11/20
4*{x^2-15x-5x+75}= 11/4
16*(x^2-20x+75}= 11x^2
16x^2-320x+1200= 11x^2
5x^2-320x+1200=0
5x^2-300x-20x+1200= 0
5x(x-60)-20(x-60)= 0
(5x-20)(x-60)= 0
5x= 20; x= 60
x= 4; x= 60
x = 4 can not be, so capacity of the container = 60 L[Answer.]
87. In a vessel there is a mixture of apple, orange and mango juices in ratio 3:5:4. A
quantity of 12 litre from the mixture is replaced with 8 litre of apple juice. Thereafter the
quantities of apple and orange juices in the resultant mixture became same. Find out the
initial quantity of mixture in the vessel?
#Solution:
A:O:M= 3:5:4
Replace 12 L.
Orange remain = 5x -5*12/12= 5x-5
Apple now= 3x -3*12/12 +8= (3x+5)
ATQ,
5x-5= 3x+5
2x= 10
x=5
Initial quantity = 12*5= 60L [Answer]
88. A vessel is filled completely with a solution of spirit and water. The capacity of vessel is
84 litres. 12 litres of this solution is replaced with pure water. The concentration of spirit
in the new solution is 40%. What was the concentration of spirit in the original solution?
#Solution:
Let, Sprit initial = x%
So, Sprit initial = 84x/100
Remove = 12 L
Sprit now = 84x/100- 12x/100= 72x/100
ATQ,
72x/100= 84*40/100
72x= 84*40
x = (84*40)/72= 46.66L [Answer.]
89. By weight, liquid A makes up 8 percent of solution R and 10 percent of solution S. If 3
grams of solution R mixed with 7 grams of solution S, then liquid A accounts for what
percent of the weight of the solution
#Solution:
Liquid A = 8% solution of R & 10% solution of S
In 10 gm, Liquid A = 3*8/100+ 7*10/100= 94/100
%= (94*100/100)*(1/10)= 9.4%[Answer.]
90. Alloy A contains 40% gold and 60% silver. Alloy B contains 35% gold and 40% silver
and 25% copper. Alloys A and B are mixed in the ratio of 1 : 4. What is the ratio of gold
and silver in the newly formed alloy is?
#Solution:
Alloy A: G:S= 40:60[Total 1]
Alloy B: G:S:C= 35:40:25[Total 4]
Gold in total = 40/100+ 4*35/100= 180/100
Silver in total = 60/100+4*40/100= 220/100
Gold:Silver= 180:220= 18:22= 9:11[Answer.]

Previous Question practice:

91. In a mixture of milk & water, their ratio is 4:5 in the first container. And the same
mixture has ratio 5:1 in 2nd container. In what ratio should the mixture be extracted from
each container and pured into the 3rd container, so the ratio of milk and water comes to
5:4 in the third container?[Combined 3 bank SO,2018]
#Solution::
Let, First vessel contain = x L
2nd vessel contain = y L
Milk in total = (4x/9+5y/6)= (8x+15y)/18
Water in total = (5x/9+y/6)= (10x+3y)/18
ATQ,
(8x+15y)/(10x+3y)= 5/4
32x+60y= 50x+15y
18x= 45y
x:y= 45:18= 5:2[Answer.]
92 A vessel contains 28 L of honey and water solution with honey & water in the ratio of
4:3, 21 L of honey water solution is added to this that this honey to water ratio as 2:1,
Again a 51 L honey-water solution that has honey to water ratio as 9:8 is added to this.
After this 10L solution is replaced with pure honey. What is the ratio of water to honey in
the final mixture.[Combined 3 bank cash,2018]
#Solution:
Honey = 28*4/7+21*2/3+51*9/17= 16+14+27= 57
Water = 28*3/7+21*1/3+51*8/17= 12+7+24= 43
Honey:Water = 57:43
10 L.Replace by pure honey.
Honey Remain = 57-57*10/100+10= 57-5.7+10= 67-5.7= 61.3
Water = (100-61.3)= 38.7
Water:Honey= 38.7:61.3= 387:613[Answer.]
93. A bucket contains a mixture of two liquid A and B in the propotion of 7:5. If 9 L.of
mixture is replaced by 9 L of liquid B, then the ration of two liquid becomes 7:9. How
much of the liquid A was there in bucket?[Combined 8 bank SO-2019]
#Solution:
A:B= 7:5
Let, A= 7x
B= 5x
A remain = 7x-7*9/12= 7x-21/4= (28x-21)/4
B remain = 5x-5*9/12 +9 = 5x -15/4 +9= (20x-15+36)/4= (20x+21)/4
ATQ,
(28x-21)/(20x+21)= 7/9
28x*9-21*9= 20x*7+7*21
252x-140x= 21*16
112x= 21*16
x= (21*16)/112= 21/7= 3
Initial A= 7x= 7*3= 21 L[Answer.]
94.A can contains milk and water in the ration 3:1. A part of mixture is replaced with
milk, and now the new ratio of milk and water is 15:4. What proportion of original
mixture had been replaced by milk. [Combined 8 bank, 2018]
#Solution:
Milk:Water= 3:1
Let, Replace = x L.of mixture
Milk = 3/4 – 3x/4+x
= (3-3x+4x)/4
= (x+3)/4
Water = 1/4 – x/4
= (1-x)/4
ATQ,

(x+3)/(1-x)= 15/4
4x+12= 15-15x
19x= 3
x = 3/19[Answer.]