An Introduction

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 Agenda:
q To understand what is IoT?

q Where did it start?

q How does it work?

q Process Flow
q Network Connectivity Protocol
q Coverage and Capacity Requirements

q What are its Platforms and Devices (Basic)?

q Messaging Protocol

q Who are the Major Players?

q Who Deploys IoT? 2

 Agenda:

q Where is it Deployed?
q User Case 1 and 2

q What are its Benefits?

q What Competence do we need?

q Summary

q Further Readings and Information

q Glossary
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What is IoT

Internet of Things
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What is IoT?

Internet of Things -is a system of interrelated computing

devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects,
animals or people that are provided with unique
identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a
network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-
computer interaction.

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 Where did
it Start?
u Kevin Ashton – is publicly known to be the
father of IoT. In 1999 he coined the term
Internet of Things.
u He founded the Auto ID Center of MIT. This
paved the way for RFID Technology.
u He started ThingMagic and Zensi which
was acquired by Belkin.
u He is the author of the book: “ How to Fly a
Horse”
u He writes for RFID Journal.
u He is still active in the IoT industry on the
development of Sensors.

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Sensors People and Process

How does it Work?

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How does it Work?
1

3
Sensors
Gateway

Data Gathering
4

Pre-Process
Analytics

Process Flow
Using Cloud
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Analytics
How does it Work?
Collaboration and
Process
Application –
Reporting/Analytics/
Control

Data Abstraction

Data Accumulation-
Storage

EDGE Computing

Connectivity

Physical Devices
and Controllers 9
How does it Work?
Network Connectivity (Protocol)

a) Distance Requirements:
• Short Range and Fixed Connectivity (indoor)
• Long Range Connectivity (outdoor)

b) Existing Technology or New Proprietary Technology

• Very good/efficient Latency

c) Characteristics:
• Low Power
• Bandwidth (Low – Medium)
• Battery Life (5 to 10 years)
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How does it Work?

Network Connectivity (Protocol)

Table 1: Short Range and Fixed Connectivity

Table 2: Long Range Connectivity

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How does it Work?
What Countries operate IoT as of 2019?

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How does it Work?
What Countries operate IoT as of 2019?

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https://www.gsma.com/iot/mobile-iot-commercial-launches
How does it Work?
What Countries operate IoT as of 2019? LoRa Alliance

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https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/wi-fi-and-lorawanr-deployment-synergies.pdf
How does it Work?
q Connectivity and Device Management

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How does it Work?
qCoverage Requirements:
q Frequency Band to be used (Licensed or Unlicensed)
q Coverage Area
q Gateway Parameters
q Transmit Power
q Transmission periodicity (number of times it sends
information to cloud)
q Antenna Type, Antenna Ht.
q Feeder Length
q Planning Tool Simulation (Atoll, Asset, Mentum Planet etc..)
q Link budget (UL and DL)
q Iterations (Process calculation)
q Output: Number of Sites (Gateways) to be used based on
coverage.
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How does it Work?
qCapacity Requirements
q Load Assessment
q Type of End Devices (Sensors to be used how many)
q Service model (Transport or Logistics or Water meters)
q Traffic Model (Packet Size, Throughput, Gateway Capacity)
q Output : number of packets to be used per day
q Output : Convert to number of Gateways needed.

qIP Network Requirements

q Traffic Monitoring (Network)
q Application Traffic
q Bandwidth
q QoS Monitoring – Priorities of IoT might be higher.
q IPv4 to IPv6
q Output : Upgrade of Switches, Routers, Server and Software.
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What are its Platforms and Devices ?

• What does IoT Platform mean?

• An IoT platform is a multi-layer technology that enables
straightforward provisioning, management, and automation of
connected devices within the Internet of Things.

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What are its Platforms and Devices ?

q General Platforms

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What are its Platforms and Devices ?
• What software are used in IoT?
• For Embedded systems is LINUX or UNIX like OS such as
Ubuntu Core or Android.
• For Programming Software
• C
• C++
• Java
• Phyton

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What are its Platforms and Devices?
• How does an IoT Back office work?

• It’s current office back office setup, there are applications which you can develop
using the following:
• Using the Cloud – for new applications which is scalable and easily gets
updated.
• Hybrid systems – uses the server in the office for old applications and the
cloud for new systems.
• Both can be used to create a single version of data for the use of
customers or subscribers.
• This functionality can also be done thru the IoT Platform.
• An API connecting the Back Office to the IoT Platform.

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What are its Platforms and
Devices?
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What are its Platforms and Devices?
Messaging Protocols

• MQTT – Message Queue Telemetry Transport

• is a messaging protocol developed with the aid IBM and Arcom in 1999
and is designed for M2M communication. It’s normally used for faraway
tracking in IoT.
• to gather statistics from many gadgets and delivery of its infrastructure.
MQTT connects gadgets and networks with packages and middleware.

Publish Topics Subscribe

Publishers Broker Subscribers

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What are its Platforms and Devices?
• CoAP – Constraint Application Protocol
• is an internet utility protocol for constrained gadgets. It is designed to
enable simple, constrained devices to join IoT through constrained
networks having low bandwidth availability.

• This is particularly designed for IoT systems that are based on HTTP
protocol.

• It uses the UDP protocol for lightweight implementation. It also uses

RESTful architecture, which is just like the HTTP protocol.

• GET: read information

• PUT: Update information
• POST: Create new information
• Delete: Delete information
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What are its Platforms and Devices?

CoAP Environment

REST Client 1
Internet

REST – CoAP
CoAP Client 2
Server
Proxy

CoAP Communication Client 3

HTTP Communication

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What are its Platforms and Devices?
• Advance Message Queuing Protocol
• is a software layer protocol for message-oriented middleware environment.
It supports reliable verbal exchange through message transport warranty
primitives like at-most-once, at least once and exactly as soon as shipping.

• The AMQP – IoT protocols consist of hard and fast components that route
and save messages within a broker carrier, with a set of policies for wiring
the components together. The AMQP protocol enables patron programs to
talk to the Broker and engage with the AMQP model.

• Exchange: Receives messages from publisher primarily based programs

and routes them to ‘message queues’.
• Message Queue: Stores messages until they may thoroughly process via
the client software.
• Binding: States the connection between the message queue and the
exchange.
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What are its Platforms and Devices?

AMQP Broker
Queues Subscribe
Publish

Publish Exchange Queues Subscribe

Publish Queues Subscribe

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Who are the Major Players?
Enterprise Software

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Who are the Major Players?
q Industry Specific

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 Who Deploys IoT?
q Network Operators
• They provide the Connectivity and Device Management for IoT
systems.

q Manufacturing Industries
• To put in-place its Digital Transformation.
• Process and Monitoring systems become Digital.

q New Enterprise Players/Industries

• Warehouse
• Insurance
• Local Government Units
• Medical Industry
• Education
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• Transportation
Where is it deployed?
q Environmental Monitoring
q Infrastructure Management
q Industrial Applications
q Energy Management
q Building and Home Automation
q Transport Systems

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Where is it deployed?

LoRaWan Operator

Hardware Software

Gateway Application
Sensors-Things and Server
Server

End Users

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 Where is it deployed?
q User Case 1 (Office Case):
q Monitoring Workers at Field – Location and
Attendance
q Device – GPS Sensor (Outdoor) and Bluetooth Low Energy
Sensor (Indoor) in a ID Case.
q Cooperation with LoRAWAN operator.
q Contract with customer for commercial use.

q Also possible using Mobile Phone Application

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 Where is it deployed?
q User Case 2 (A Private Sub Division):
q Smart Water Meter and Leak detector
q Cooperation with LoRAWAN.
q Contract with customer for commercial use.

q Efficient use of utilities (water) for the whole sub-division

(community).

q The LoRAWAN operator charges:

q Monthly subscription per device

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What are its Benefits?
q It is the future technology. Makes it more dynamic.
q It enhances Device Communication.
q It gives/gathers useful data.
q Enhance Automation and Control of Processes.
q Improves Monitoring.
q Gives more relevant information to end users.
q It saves time and improves efficiency
q Improves overall Return of Investment.

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What competence do we need?
q Cloud Computing
q Fog Computing / EDGE
q IoT and Security
q Sensor Design
q Embedded Chips
q Network Access Technology (RF)
q Mobile Applications
q Business Intelligence
q Communication Gateways
q Programming Skills (Coding)
q IP Networking
q Team Work

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 Summary
q IoT connects devices to the internet.
q Improves the System and Process:
• Efficient Monitoring
• Data analysis
• Maintenance
• Time and Cost Management
q We need to perform Coverage and Capacity Planning to create
and efficient IoT Network.
q The IP Network needs to be upgraded as well.
q We need to develop skill sets for IoT.
q This technology supports Industries to be Digital (Industry 4.0).

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 Further Readings/Information

q https://cloud.google.com/iot-core/?utm_source=google

q https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/iot-fundamentals/iot-introduction

q https://aws.amazon.com/iot/

q https://www.ibm.com/cloud/internet-of-things

q https://www.fossguru.com/top-25-iot-skills-to-become-a-successful-iot-developer/

q https://data-flair.training/blogs/iot-protocols/

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 Glossary
q HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
q Latency – Latency is a time interval between the stimulation and response, or,
from a more general point of view, a time delay between the cause and the effect of
some physical change in the system being observed.
q Unique Identifiers (UID) - is any identifier which is guaranteed to be unique
among all identifiers used for those objects and for a specific purpose.
q Gateway (IoT) - is a physical device or software program that serves as the
connection point between the cloud and controllers, sensors and intelligent devices.
It also provides Security for the IoT network and data to be transported.
q Constraint Devices - Small devices with limited CPU, memory, and power
resources.
q UDP Protocol - is a connection-less protocol. It does not establish a connection
before sending data.
q RESTful - Representational State Transfer. It relies on a stateless, client-server,
cacheable communications protocol -- and in virtually all cases, the HTTP protocol
is used. 39
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