Centro Escolar University

259 Sen. Gil Puyat Ave., Makati City

Senior High School

“A Descriptive Research about the about First Aid Procedure known by CEU-SHS Grade

11 STEM students S.Y 2017-2018”

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Senior High School

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

Bernardino, Fatrick Earl

De Paz, Azteca

Lopez, Maria Vannessa

Pe, Jemma Linda

Vallesteros, Grace Ann

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 Table of Contents

Title page ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0

Table of Contents ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Acknowledgement --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Chapter I: The problem and its background ----------------------------------------------------- 3
Background of the study ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Statement of the problem --------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Conceptual and Theoretical Framework ----------------------------------------------------5
Significance of the study --------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Scope and Limitations ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8
Definition of terms ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Chapter II: Review of Related Literature and Studies --------------------------------------- 10
Review of Related Literature -------------------------------------------------------------- 10
Review of Related Studies ----------------------------------------------------------------- 13
Chapter III: Methodology -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
Research Design ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
Respondents of the Study -------------------------------------------------------------------18
Instruments of the Study -------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
Data analysis and Treatment --------------------------------------------------------------- 20
Chapter IV: Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data --------------------------- 21
Description of the Respondents ----------------------------------------------------------- 21
Presentation and Interpretation of the Data Collected --------------------------------- 22
Chapter V: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation ---------------------------------- 27
Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
Conclusion ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
Recommendation --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28

Reference --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31

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 Acknowledgement

In order to accomplish something it requires effort of many people. These people does not only
participate but also guide us all through the end. We would like to express our deepest
appreciation particularly to the following:

Sir Rainel Delos Santos, our research adviser, who guided us and offered some suggestions and
comments that helped us to improve our paper, also for suggesting a topic that is applicable for
our specialized subject.

For the respondents, who participated in answering our survey questionnaires with honesty and
sincerity.

To our families, friends, and classmates that serves as our inspiration and who supported us until
the end.For motivating, guiding, and supporting us throughout the whole research.

Lastly, to God Almighty, who gives us strength and ability to complete this paper. Without His
blessings this moment would not be possible.

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 CHAPTER I

The Problem and its Background

This chapter presents the different essential elements: the introduction which contains the

rationale, Descriptive Research about the about First Aid Procedure known by CEU-SHS Grade

11 STEM the literature review and statistical treatment; the statement of the general and specific

problems; the scope and delimitation which identifies the major variables, the significance of the

study which enumerates the beneficiaries of the study and the corresponding benefits each will

receive.

Background of the Study

The Big One is said to be the most devastating natural calamity that will ever happen to

our country. Philippines, being part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, is more prone on having this kind

of event. The “Big One” is a 7.2 magnitude earthquake that can cause a massive destruction in

infrastructures, huge numbers of death and injured people. Not only that, our country also suffers

from different calamities and disasters, such as typhoons that can cause flash floods and

landslides and other man-made hazards. Accidents can also happen in anytime and anywhere in

any different way. It may involve us, our family, our friends or to other people. Being a student,

we can encounter these kinds of events in our life. We might seen some accidents that happen

inside the school, which needs to be taken care of before going to the clinic or before the arrival

of the health professionals that are present inside the school premises.

How can we get through this kind of event, if life is at risk? First aid is a care given to a

person to relieve the pain and it is given on the day of the incident. It is a simple step that can be

given to anyone to any place to ease the pain and to prevent the condition to get worse before

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arrival of the health care providers or assistance (Gore et al., 2017). In the other hand, Basic first

aid is an immediate medical help and response if medical assistance is not available. According

to ReadyWV in their article about Basic first aid, check-cal-care actions are simple steps to apply

to an injured person. These stands for check the scene, call for help and care for someone who is

hurt. Many professionals say that having a limited or basic knowledge about first aid is useful in

providing service or assistance in an individual on an actual emergency situation ( Deepak

&Nayak, 2012).

According to Glendon et al., an individual with basic knowledge and understanding

towards first aid can be helpful to provide first aid in times of sudden accidents and other events

that can cause casualties. Giving an immediate first aid to a person or patient who needs care can

change the outcome. They also suggested that schools should taught first aid to the students

because teaching first aid can be essential to save life.

Moreover, the aim of this study “A Descriptive Research about the about First Aid

Procedure known by CEU-SHS Grade 11 STEM students S.Y 2017-2018” is to find out if the

CEU-SHS Grade 11 students will pass or fail the first aid procedures known by them. This

research will only focus on Grade 11 students who are currently taking up the STEM strand.

Students with STEM strand because, in this strand most of the students will take up medical

courses in their college years. By the use of Slovin’s formula, Random Stratified Sampling and

purposive sampling the researcher can attain their target population. To gather data, the

researcher will use

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Statement of the Problem

This study seeks to validate if the student will pass or fail the first aid procedure known by

them in the first term of S.Y. 2017-2018.

Specifically, the study aspires to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of respondents, in terms of:

1.1. Section

2. How many students will pass the constructed questionnaire for some first aid procedures?

3. How many students will fail the constructed questionnaire for some first aid procedures?

Conceptual Framework and Theoretical Framework

There is a lot of worst cases of accidents, injuries and sudden illness that may occur when

you are at school. Death may also be the result to these kinds of situations. However, It could be

prevented if the first aid were performed immediately, while waiting for the emergency response.

First aid is a reinforcement you give to a person to who is having a sudden illness or

injury, you give first aid to them with proper care and prevent their condition from worsening.

According to Shane Lenson (2016), First aid is the ‘immediate help provided to a sick or injured

person until professional help arrives.

Basic knowledge about first aid able the person to respond to a certain situation such as

chokes injuries and etc. especially in school setting. According to a study made by

JayantiSemwal, RavleenKaurBakshi, RuchiJuyal, Deepshikha, ShailiVyas, SD Kandpal (2017), a

basic knowledge and understanding of first aid can be invaluable for individuals to be able to

5
provide emergency care in the event of an accident, possibly saving lives and minimizing injury.

The researchers assess an analysis of basic first aid knowledge of students.

Basic First Aid procedures is the initial assistance that you will give to a patient. Without

an immediate and proper first aid a simple injury could turn into something much more severe.

In accordance to a study made by Chaitali A. Gore, SruthiSankar, Shabnam Sheriff,

SwethaAnand, Smrithika L., SwathiMaiya, First aid can save a live or at least reduce the

possibility of infection. The objective of their study is to assess the level of knowledge among

the undergraduate medical students with regards to Basic First Aid. As for the result of their

study it seems that undergraduate medical student’s needs improvement with their first aid

knowledge.

These concept forms together the foundation of this study. These ideas gave the way for

the understanding the specific variables of this research. It also helps the researchers in

understanding on how they conduct the research and what would be the possible outcome of the

research. Furthermore, it can be used as a foundation of the research.

Significance of the Study

This study seeks to determine how knowledgeable the students of Centro Escolar

University Makati, Senior High School, Grade 11 students about some first aid known

procedures by the student of S.Y. 2017-2018.. As for  Shane Lenson   (2017), Basic first aid

“knowledge” is the thing that might help keep someone alive until an ambulance and paramedics

or a fully equipped operating theatre arrived. Emergency first aid is what you can do before, to

prevent an avoidable death. It will provide a knowledge and guide to the student of CEU-SHS

grade-11 regarding the essential knowledge of the Basic First Aid.

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STEM Students

This will provide a sufficient understanding about the important use of some first aid

knowledge known and also the information regarding the some basic first aid procedure.

Parents

The parents will be given a knowledge if this study which will benefit them and also their

children with the help of understanding some of the basic first aid. Thus it will help the parents

gain information which will help their son achieving knowledge and providing help in any

scenario providing basic first aid and procedures.

Teachers & Guidance Counselor

The teachers and school guidance counselor will know if the grade-11 student of CEU- is

capable of providing some known first aid procedures in any case of disaster or risk that will be

needed by the students. This will help as a guide to make a program providing a Basic First aid

to those who are in need in times of disaster or scenario in the future.

Future researcher

This study will serve as a guide lines and or a source of information for the future research which

will provide information that will make their research easy to process and faster to make.

Scope and Limitations

This study focuses only on study about “An assessment of some First Aid knowledge

known procedures of grade-11 student of CEU-CEIS year 2017-2018”. The grade-11 students of

CEU-CEIS will serve as the respondents for our research to assess the basic knowledge about

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first aid. Any perspective or element that is not related to assessing the knowledge about first aid

will not be included. Also Students who are not studying at Centro Escolar Integrated School,

Makati for Year 2017 - 2018 won't be our respondents to get information about the Assessment

of the Basic First Aid Knowledge of grade-11 student of CEU-CEIS year 2017-2018.

Definition of Terms

For clearer understanding of the terms used in the research, below is information that will help

you understand the terms used in the study:

Terms Meanings

Analysis Detailed examination of the element or structure of a

something that can be the basis of a discussion.

Basic first aid
Emergency treatment or care given to an ill or injured

person before regular medical aid can be given.

An unlooked sudden occurrence

Emergency

The ability of an individual to remember and interpret

Knowledge
information or data.

Sufficient
Enough to meet the needs of a situation.

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CHAPTER II

9
 Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the related literature and studies. Those that was included in this

chapter. Those that were included in this chapter could help the researchers in familiarizing

information that are relevant and similar to the present study, “An assessment of basic first aid

knowledge of grade -11 student of CEU CEIS year 2017-2018”.

Review of Related Literature

First aid knowledge retention in school children: A review of the literature

Bases on L. Shane, M. Jason. (2016) this literature review aimed to determine whether

the published literature demonstrates that first aid knowledge is retained by school children who

have learnt first aid from professional first aid providers. A systematic search of the peer-

reviewed and grey literature was conducted for narrative review. There is a lack of quality

evidence to guide optimal training methods and maximize first aid knowledge retention in school

children. To date, research in this area has been limited to Europe. Further research is therefore

recommended. Formal evaluation of professional first aid training can help guide training

methods and enhance first aid knowledge retention in school children, thereby building more

robust first aid capacity in the community.

Study of knowledge and attitudes to first aid among school children of Doiwalablock,

Dehradun

A basic knowledge and understanding of first aid can be invaluable for individuals to be

able to provide emergency care in the event of an accident, possibly saving lives and minimizing

injury. First aid is the providing of first and early care for an illness or injury, by a non-expert but

trained person, till medical treatment can be accessed. Immediate first aid when provided to

10
patients who require emergency care makes a huge difference to the outcome. In certain self-

limiting medical conditions, correct first aid measures are sufficient to avoid a medical

consultation. It may on occasion obviate the need to visit a hospital or clinic, lessening demand

on medical facilities. Many experts believe that even a limited understanding of first aid would

be an invaluable service to individuals who find themselves in emergency situations. This

awareness can help the people to provide a solution if a tragedy ever happens. First aid training

courses are suitable for the people of all over the world, belonging to different age groups of

more than 10 years. Essential first aid training will offer them the ABC of treatment and guiding

principles of most minor injuries and emergency medical conditions. Building skills in first aid

with the vulnerable people can help to build safer and healthier communities.

Glendon et al suggested that the teaching of first aid to students is probably cost-effective

in terms of saving lives. They also recommended that first aid should be taught within schools.

Engeland, Roysamb, Smedslund and Sogarrd studied the implementation of training of first aid

to junior high students. The researchers measured the implementation of the program by teachers

and the attitudes and knowledge of their students. They discovered that students whose teachers

implemented the program enthusiastically had better attitudes toward first aid implementation

and were more knowledgeable in first aid.

A study on knowledge regarding first aid among undergraduate medical students

Life is characterized by precarious twists and turns and risky conditions that emerge all

the time. All throughout the globe, people suffer from heart attacks, loss of consciousness, severe

wounds, surface injuries, burns, strokes and many more. Along with this, drowning incidents are

more common among children. The high mortality associated with them can be easily prevented

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most of the times by some very simple maneuvers and skills like mouth to mouth and mouth to

nose respirations which were among the earliest resuscitative efforts using artificial respiration.

First aid is the immediate action taken to save a life and reduce the effects of injury and

illness until medical help is obtained. First aid provider should be able to handle the situation

without panicking. Since today’s medical students are tomorrow’s doctors, it is of utmost

importance that they are equipped with sufficient knowledge and skills to save a life in case of

emergencies. In India, there is very little data regarding awareness of the medical personnel

including students, doctors, and paramedical staff about first aid. Hence, this study was

undertaken to assess the level of knowledge about first aid among undergraduate medical

students and to compare the knowledge among different terms of undergraduate medical

students.

First aid knowledge retention in school children:

A review of the literature

First aid is the ‘immediate help provided to a sick or injured Person until professional

help arrives’. It has long been recognized that young children can, and do, play an important

Role in the provision of first aid; but consideration must be given to how and when they are

trained. First aid training has been a mandatory part of the school curriculum in countries such as

Norway since the early1960s. Since then, there has been a widespread callfor other countries to

adopt similar policies; however, uptake is far from universal (3), despite feasibility studies to

support it. Eisenburger and Safar argue that school children learn quickly and are easy to

motivate, citing research that suggests school children are able to learn lifesaving first aid

(including cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] – basic life-support) as readily as adults. Indeed,

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research has, to varying degrees, supported the efficacy of first aid training for schoolchildren

when provided by physicians and medical student (4); nursing students (6); and trained school

teachers (7-9).While systematic reviews have investigated the literature on first aid training for

children in general (10, 11), the specific contribution of professional first aid training providers

to schoolchildren’s learning of first aid appears an under-researched area. This is despite an

increasing trend where first aid training is mostly provided to school children by professional

trainers.Forexample, Red Cross and St John Ambulance Australia increasingly provide first aid

training to Australian schoolchildren. St John Ambulance Australia (12), through its First Aidin

Schools Program, report having trained over 70,000 primary school children in 2013 and plan to

increase this annual number to 200,000 by 2017. This training has been developed and targeted

to a range of levels from kindergarten through to year6, and is delivered through various topics;

however, the utility of this training and knowledge retention among trained schoolchildren

remains unclear in this context. Further investigation is therefore warranted.

This study can help the current analysis for the reason that the researchers may know the

importance of having knowledge about first aid and what are the purposes of performing first

aid. The researchers also want to find the opinion of students about the first aid.

Review of Related Studies

Why basic first aid knowledge should be compulsory

As for (2016) Basic first aid “knowledge” is the thing that might help keep someone alive

until an ambulance and paramedics or a fully equipped operating theatre arrived. Emergency first

aid is what you can do before, to prevent an avoidable death. The essentials are airway, breathing

and adequate circulation of blood, and a pulse to pump it. If breathing is not happening you need

13
to get it started substituted with all possible haste, and to do that you need to know how to

position the patient, how to prevent choking, and preferably how to administer artificial

respiration and/or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). If there is major blood loss you need to

stop it immediately by applying pressure to the wound. If there’s no pulse start doing CPR

urgently. Consciousness is a good sign, and can be helpful to managing the patient, but it is not

essential to tell that the victim is in a good condition. Beyond those most basic things, it is more

important to know what you should not do, than to know what you might try to do because it can

cause you malpractice that can harm the victim (usually the less the better). When breathing,

bleeding, pulse and consciousness have been attended to, priority attention should be given to

managing the scene – getting someone to call for expert help, others to warn on-coming

motorists, etc – and keeping the injured person warm, calm and reassured. Knowledge of them

should definitely be carried in every vehicle. They are immeasurably more important, and more

likely to save a life, than any first aid kit.

A Study on Knowledge Regarding First Aid among Undergraduate Medical Students

According to Chaitali A. Gore, Shabnam Sheriff, SruthiSankar and SwathiMaiya (2017),

a total of 150 students answered the questionnaire. 50 students each from the 2nd year, 3rd year

and 4th year. Results shows that 43 out of 150 students had excellent knowledge that is 28.6% of

the total respondents, 71 out of 150 needed improvement or 47.3% of the total respondents, 35

out of 150 or 23.3% had adequate knowledge and only 1 out of 150 had poor knowledge about

First-Aid. The association between terms and level of knowledge was found to be statistically

significant. Study shows that the knowledge among medical students about giving first aide

needs improvement. More trainings and seminars should be given to the students on giving first

and basic life support.

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Knowledge and Attitude of First Aid Skills among Health Science Students at Taibah

University

According to Amal Salem Alhejaili and ShorooqAbdulrazzaqAlsubhi (2016), 110 female

students participated in the study. Out of the 110 students only 58 students completed the

questionnaire to have a comparison between before and after having the presentation, this shows

that 52.7% of the total participants totally participated in the questionnaire. Results shows that

there is a significant improvement in dealing with the following accidents such as checking any

hazards before giving first aide, loss of consciousness if victim can breathe or not, applying

pressure in bleeding limb, supporting the fractured bone with a cushion, cooling the burn under

cold water, putting the victim in safe place in convulsion and sit the patient and give him the

medication in asthmatic attack. This study shows that female students lack knowledge about

first aide. The students of Taibah University specifically the female health science students need

to have first aide lessons on their curriculum for them to improve their knowledge and skills

about it.

Knowledge of first aid and basic life support amongst Medical Students: A comparison

between Trained and Un-trained Students

In the study of A. Asad, B.I.Syeda. (2011), the study was conducted on a convenience

sample of 250 (125 trained and 125 untrained) medical students. A pre-tested self-administered

questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire covered all the major topics of FA-

BLS. Although the knowledge of trained students was found to be better than those of untrained

students yet the mean of trained students was less than 50% which is not satisfactory. In order to

15
improve the knowledge of medical students on first aid, their knowledge should be reinforced

every year.

Knowledge of First Aid Skills among Students of a Medical College in Mangalore City of

South India

As per N Joseph, GS Kumar, (2014). the cross-sectional study that was conducted on

May 2011 with 152 respondents. They collected the data using self-administrated questionnaire.

The aim of their study was to assess the knowledge of medical students in providing first aid

care. The level of knowledge about first aid was not good among majority of the students. The

study also identified the key areas in which first aid knowledge was lacking. There is thus a need

for formal first aid training to be introduced in the medical curriculum.

Synthesis

The Big One is said to be the most devastating natural calamity that will ever happen to

our country. Philippines, being part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, is more prone on having this kind

of event. Accidents can befall anytime and anywhere in any different way. It may involve us,

our family, our friends or to other people. Being a student, we can encounter these kinds of

events in our life. We might see some accidents that happen inside the school, which needs to be

taken care of before going to the clinic or before the arrival of the health professionals that are

present inside the school premises. Basic first aid “knowledge” refers to the thing that might help

keep someone alive until an ambulance and paramedics. The following studies that the

researchers have gathered will serve as guide and knowledge in this study for deeper

understanding ofwhich contains the rationale on the analysis of how sufficient the knowledge of

the people in times of disaster or need.With these, the researchers hope to gain more knowledge

16
regarding the topic that would help in answering the research problem. It is stated in the related

study and literature thatas for (2016) Basic first aid “knowledge” is the thing that might help

keep someone alive until an ambulance and paramedics or a fully equipped operating theatre

arrived. Emergency first aid is what you can do before, to prevent an avoidable death.

17
 Chapter III

Methodology

         This part of the study is divided into several sections, with each one addressing

some necessary components of the research namely; the choice of research design, sampling

method used and the choice of participants, instrument to collect data, and the statistical

treatment used.

Research Design

The researchers use quantitative approach for the reason to quantify data and

generalize results from a sample to the population of interest, to measure the incidence

of various views and opinions in a chosen sample and, Sometimes followed by

qualitative research which is used to explore some findings further.

Survey approach of conducting a research has been also used in this research.

Specifically, descriptive survey was applied in the study. Descriptive research is used to describe

characteristics and behaviour of the sample population (Gay, 1976). Similarly, Travers (1978)

added that descriptive research aims to give clarity on current issues or problems through a

process of data collection that enables them to describe the situation more completely than was

possible without employing this method.

Respondents of the Study

    The population of this conducted research is from selected STEM Students of Centro Escolar

Integrated School. The age range of these students is from 16-18 years old who are both male

and female and purposely selected. All of these students are taking up a Strand of Science,

18
Technology, Mathematics and Engineering and taking up a specialization of caregiving next

school year.As for the individual or the sample size of the respondents who will participate in the

study, the researchers used stratified and purposive sampling as the sampling methods in the

study. The researcher used purposive sampling to align the to study to the respondents

specialization which is caregiving.

    The researchers make used of the used of Slovin’s formula used to calculate the sample size

(n) given the population size (N) and a margin of error (e).  Also we make used of purposive

sampling for choosing the respondents. This is very convenient for us to gather data from chosen

respondent.

   In this study, the researchers used the senior high school grade 11 STEM students as the

population. (n) getting the sample size, the group used the Slovin’s formula which is, n = N

(1+Ne2) stands for the whole population of the random sections who are stem student,

while (e) stands for the margin of error, the researchers used 0.05 as the margin of error. The

data collected were tabulated and analyzed. Analyses of data were guided by mean and

percentage:

Wherein:

N = total population                          n = Sample size

e = margin of error                           e = 0.05

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 N
n=
1+ Ne2

505
n=
1+ ( 505 )( 0.05)2

n=223

The researcher first did a pre-survey to the 223 STEM students to determine who will be

taking the specialization caregiving for the next year to be used as the total population of the

study and with the use of Slovin’s formula to get the sample size. The 71students was the yielded

total number of students who will be taking the caregiving for the next school year.

Instrument of the Study

The gathering of data for the study was done through survey questionnaire. The survey

questionnaire will be used to answer the general and specific statement of the problem. The

researchers will use a self-made questionnaire that is composed of 10 item true or false questions

that are devised by the researchers in line with regarding to knowledge about basic first aid. To

know if the respondent is knowledgeable the researchers set the score 8 and above as the passing

score and 7 and below is consider as failed score.

Data Analysis and Treatment

The percentage is applied for expressing numbers or ratios as a fraction of 100, often

denoted by the percentage sign (%). The researchers used percentage to interpret the data, for it

is used in summarizing the data by giving a visualization of how many of the respondents are

knowledgeable in basic first aid. This treatment would help the researchers to find out how

20
knowledgeable are grade 11 STEM students, specifically those who are going to take caregiving

in grade 12, in Basic first aid knowledge.

Chapter 4

Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data

This chapter deals with the presentation, interpretation and analysis of the results of data

collection conducted by the researchers. A questionnaire was devised by the researchers in order

to find out the rationale on the analysis of how sufficient the knowledge of the CEU-SHS Grade

11 students on Basic first aid with respondents of 5+ students of CEU-SHS STEM Grade-11.

This chapter has the following subsections:

1. Description of the respondents

2. Presentation and Interpretation of the data collected

3. And lastly, a synthesis of all these findings.

Description of the Respondents

Table 1: Different Sections of Grade 11 STEM students

Sections Number of students

STEM 1A 5
STEM 1B 6
STEM 1C 5
STEM 1D 4
STEM 1E 7
STEM 1F 6
STEM 1G 7
STEM 1H 10
STEM 1I 4
STEM 1J 8

21
 STEM 1K 10
STEM 1L 2
Total 71

The table above shows the number of students each section that will take up caregiving as

their specialized subject for the next school year with the total of 71 students.

Table 2: Students with Organizations in CEU-Makati

Organization Number of students

Book love club 2
Junior compass 17
Dramatic guild 6
Honor society 3
Mathematics club 3
Red cross youth 18
Science club 6
Student catholic action 1
Student council 1

The table above shows the list of organizations and the number of students who

participated within that organization. Red Cross Youth had the most participants.

Presentation and Interpretation of the Data Collected

Table 3: List of Questions and number of Students who answered True or False

Questions True Percentage False Percentage

(%) (%)
1). First aid practice is only done by legal 6 8.5% 65 91.5%
professionals such as doctors and nurses.
2). The average pulse rate of an adult in one 54 76.1% 17 23.9%
minute is 60-100 bpm.
3). First aid kit or bag doesn’t include drug or drug 18 25.4% 53 74.6%
or medicine.
4). Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation or CPR actives 56 78.9% 15 21.1%
heart.
5). To prevent infection use non-sterile dressing to 23 32.4% 48 67.6 %
cover wound before immobilizing.
6). Call for medical help after giving first aid. 62 87.3% 9 12.7%

22
7). Amputated body part should be placed, saved 54 76.1% 17 23.9%
and wrapped in wet gauze, placed in a plastic bag,
kept dry and transported with the patient.
8). Always check for airways, breathing and 71 100% 0 0%
circulation of the patient.
9). Splint and sling an injury in the position in 48 67.6% 23 32.4%
which you found it.
10). R.I.C.E (Rest, Ice, Compression and 66 93% 5 7%
Elevation) is an easy way to remember how to
treat bone, joint and muscle injury.
Most of the students that answered the survey had common knowledge about basic first

aid. As the chart show most of the students got the correct answer as per number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9

and 10. For number 7, only 17 students or 23.9 % out of the 71 students answered correctly and

for number 8, all of the 71 students answered correctly.

Table 4: Number of Students according to their Score

Scores Number of Percentage (%)

Students
10 2 3%
9 16 23%
8 22 31%
7 26 37 %
6 4 5%
5 1 1%
Total 71 100 %

The table above shows the number of students who passed and failed the survey about
basic first aid knowledge.

Organizations 10 9 8 7 6 5
Book Lover’s 0 2 0 0 0 0
Club
Junior 0 2 8 5 1 1
Compass
Dramatic 0 0 3 2 1 0
Guild
Honors 0 0 2 1 0 0
Society
Math Club 0 1 1 1 0 0
Red Cross 2 5 4 7 0 0
Youth

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 Science Club 0 1 2 3 0 0
Student 0 1 0 0 0 0
Catholic
Action
Student 0 0 0 1 0 0
Council
Total: 2 12 20 20 2 1
Table 5: Number of Students who passed according to their Organization
The table shows the number of students who passed according to their organization. The

highest passing grade of students in their organization was Junior Compass and the organizations

with the least passing grade of the students were Student Catholic Action and Student Council.

Table 6: Number of Students who passed with No Organization

No Org: 10 9 8 7 6 5
0 4 2 6 2 0
Total: 0 4 2 6 2 0

The table shows the participants who passed but didn’t have a specific organization.

Synthesis

Table 1 and 2 shows the data about the profile of the respondents. For table 1, it shows

the total number of students who will take up the specialization caregiving for the next school

year with the total of 71 students. STEM 1H and STEM 1K has the highest number of students

who will take Caregiving next school year. STEM 2L with the least number of students who will

take up Caregiving. Table 2 shows the different organization that the student from different

section belongs. Red Cross Youth with the highest participants and Student Catholic action and

Student Council with the least participants.

Table 3 shows the number of students who answered true or false. Question 7 has the

correct answer of False but only 17 students got it correct while the remaining 54 students

answered True that made them incorrect. In this question, it implies that the students are not

24
familiar on how to deal with amputated body part. For question 8,the correct answer is True,

therefore all of the 71 student got it correct. It shows that the students know that checking the

airways, breathing and circulation of the patient is a must. The remaining question indicates that

the students have common knowledge about basic first aid.

Table 4 shows the number of students who passed and failed the survey. The researchers

set the passing score of seven and scores that were lower than seven were considered as failed.

For the passing score 8, 9 and 10, the highest number of students which has 22 or 31 % of the of

the sample size achieve the score 8, while the students who achieve 9 has 16 or 23 % of the

sample size. The score 10 has the least number of students who pass which only has 2 or 3% of

the sample size. The number of students who got the score of 7 consist of 26 or 37 % of the

sample size, the score 6 were consist of 4 students or 5% of the target population and only 1 or

1% of the sample size got the score 5.The total number of students that passed the survey was 40

or56 % of the target population. These results relate to the study of Amal Salem and Shorooq

Abdulrazza Alsubhi where in the half of the participants were able to attain the passing score.

Table 5 and 6 shows the number of students who passed that belongs and do not belong

in an organization. Table 5 shows that the highest number of students who passed according to

their scores came from Junior Compass, Honors Society, Dramatic Guild, Red Cross Youth and

Science Club for the score of 8, and for the score of 9, was Book Lover’s Club, Junior Compass,

Red Cross Youth, Science Club, for the highest score or 10 only the organization Red Cross

Youth got it. Table 6 shows that there were students who does not belong in any organization

passed the survey. It implicates that some students with or without any organization have

sufficient knowledge about first aid. The results can be related to the study of A. Asad,

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B.I.Syeda, where only less the 50% of the respondents were able to pass regardless of being

trained or untrained.

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 Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

Summary

The overall purpose of study was to determine how knowledgeable the students of Centro

Escolar University Makati, Senior High School, Grade 11 students about some of the basic first

aid procedure knowledge.The study assessedthe rationale on the analysis of some first aid

procedure that the knowledge of the CEU-SHS Grade 11 students on Basic first aid and the

students that participated in the study as the respondents are the students who are going to take

up the specialization of caregiving next school year Grade-12 Stem in CEU Makati,since the

study used is purposive sampling. The respondents of the study were the students who belong to

the age group of 16 to 18 years old.

The researchers arrived at a 71 as the sample size of our research with the used of

purposive sample. Only the students that will take up caregiving as their specialization next

school year are the respondents in the study. A survey-questionnaire served as the main

instrument of the study.The questionnaire that was used in the study was self-structured by the

researchers and was validated by the research adviser.The researchers used the Percentage to

interpret the data, for it is used in summarizing the data by graphing or tabulating such.

Based on the results of the statistical analysis of the data, the findings are summarized as

follows:

1. That some students who are going to take up Caregiving as their specialization

are somehow lacking knowledge in basic first aid and some students have

sufficient knowledge.

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Conclusion

The researchers arrived at the following conclusions based on the result of the data

collection:

1. That some students who are going to take up Caregiving as their specialization are

somehow lacking knowledge in basic first aid and some students have sufficient knowledge.

This means that the students have sufficient knowledge but needs improvement about basic first

aid.

2. That the organization that has the most knowledge member towards basic first aid is

Junior Compass and Red Cross Youth, because these two programs specialize health programs.

This means that the members of Junior Compass and Red Cross Youth can have sufficient

knowledge about basic first aid.

These conclusions follow a study that was conducted by Amal Salem Alhejaili, which

shows that female students are lacking in knowledge in basic first aid. Also in the stidy of A.

Asad, B.I.Syeda. less than 50% of the trained medical students have passed the self aministered

questionnaire.

Recommendation

At this point of the study, the researchers would like to give some recommendations

based on the foregoing results:

For the academic community

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 The community should help the researchers and obtaining the right results in a way that

they will cooperate in conducting survey questionnaire. Thus it will provide a credibility and

validity that will soon help the researchers and the future researchers.

For the future students of CEU Makati

The proponents of the study would recommend the academic community who are

interested in a similar topic, The researchers recommend to have a much more extensive study

regarding knowledge of basic first aid, so that they can gain more information. The researchers

would also like to recommend the increase in the number of respondents to make the data and

information even more accurate.Also, the future researchers should conduct an interview to other

courses that is in lined with nursing.

Our study can also be of help to the future researchers in making further study related to

our topic. It can serve as a guide, for those future researchers who attempt to have a study about

knowledge on basic first aid.

For the Parents

The researchers also recommended the parents of each respondents to have an enough

knowledge about basic first aid to instruct and to teach their children.

It is also implemented to have a seminars or tests that will determine if the students have

an idea about basic first aid.

The researchers also recommend the inclusion of the Caregiving professors or nurses as

respondents in the next study for the next research to be more valid.

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 It is also highly recommend to educate the students about the importance of basic first aid

in order to prevent the ignorance of the students when there is an emergency. It also helps the

students to know what and how to act if there is an accident happen within their area.

For the future students of CEU Makati

This conducted research will help the future students of CEU Makati as their basis

and also a guide to them in conducting their future research.

30
REFERENCE

Review of related literature:

L. Shane, M. Jason. (2016), First aid knowledge retention in school children: A review of the

literature. Retrieved from https://ajp.paramedics.org/index.php/ajp/article/view/233

Review of related study:

Gore et al., (2017) A study on knowledge regarding first aid among undergraduate medical

students Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317865634_A_study_on_knowledge_regarding_fi

rst_aid_among_undergraduate_medical_students#rft

Alhejaili, A.S, Alsubhi, S. A. (2016) Knowledge and Attitude of First Aid Skills among Health

Science Students at Taibah University. Retrieved from

http://repository.taibahu.edu.sa/bitstream/handle/123456789/17968/Knowledge%20and

%20Attitude%20of%20First%20Aid%20Skills%20among%20Health%20Science%20Students

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Anonymous. (2016) Why basic first aid knowledge should be compulsory Retrieved from

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be-compulsory/1214-3409682-ff6pgq/index.html

A. Asad, B.I.Syeda. (2011, June).Knowledge of first aid and basic life support amongst medical

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N Joseph, GS Kumar. (2014, March 4).Knowledge of First Aid Skills among Students of a

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Alhejaili AS, Alsubhi SA. (2016 June 22) Knowledge and Attitude of First Aid Skills among

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