Final Draft Fpren 15316-2: European Standard Norme Européenne Europäische Norm

EUROPEAN STANDARD FINAL DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE FprEN 15316-2

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2016
ICS 91.140.10 Will supersede EN 15316-2-1:2007
English Version
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of

system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 2:
Space emission systems (heating and cooling), Module M3-5,
M4-5
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Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur
calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade
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systèmes - Partie 2 : Systèmes d'émission des locaux der Anlagen - Teil 2: Wärmeübergabesysteme
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(chauffage et refroidissement), Module M3-5, M4-5 (Raumheizung und -kühlung), Modul M3-5, M4-5
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This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
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228.
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If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
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stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
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This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
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made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
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Centre has the same status as the official versions.

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CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
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Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
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Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
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provide supporting documentation.

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Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
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shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

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EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprEN 15316-2:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs
Downloaded: 2016-11-07
Single user licence only, copying and networking prohibited
FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 8
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 8
4 Symbols and abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 Symbols ............................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Subscripts........................................................................................................................................................... 9
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5 Description of the method ........................................................................................................................... 9
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5.1 Output of the method ..................................................................................................................................... 9
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5.2 General description of the method ........................................................................................................ 10
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6 Calculation Method ...................................................................................................................................... 10
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6.1 Output data ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
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6.2 Calculation time steps ................................................................................................................................ 11
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6.3 Input data ........................................................................................................................................................ 11

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6.3.1 Source of data ................................................................................................................................................ 11

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6.3.2 Product data (technical data) .................................................................................................................. 11

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6.3.3 Configuration and system design data ................................................................................................. 13

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6.3.4 Operating or boundary conditions ........................................................................................................ 13

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6.4 Monthly and yearly calculation procedure ......................................................................................... 13

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6.4.1 Applicable calculation interval ............................................................................................................... 13

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6.4.2 Operating conditions calculation ........................................................................................................... 13

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6.4.3 Energy calculation (additional heating / cooling losses) .............................................................. 13

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6.4.4 Auxiliary energy calculation .................................................................................................................... 17

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6.5 Hourly calculation procedure.................................................................................................................. 18

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6.5.1 Applicable calculation interval ............................................................................................................... 18

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6.5.2 Operating conditions calculation ........................................................................................................... 18

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6.5.3 Energy calculation (additional heating / cooling losses) .............................................................. 18

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7 Quality control .............................................................................................................................................. 22

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8 Compliance check......................................................................................................................................... 22
Annex A (normative) Template for choices, input data and references (Additional heating
and cooling losses / auxiliary energy).................................................................................................. 23
A.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 23
Annex B (informative) Default choices, input data and references (additional heating and
cooling losses / auxiliary energy) .......................................................................................................... 38
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 53

2 Single user licence only, copying and networking prohibited
FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
European foreword
This document (FprEN 15316-2:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228
“Energy performance of buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.
This document will supersede EN 15316-2-1:2007.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
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Single user licence only, copying and networking prohibited 3
FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is part of a series of standards aiming at international harmonization of the
methodology for the assessment of the energy performance of buildings, called “set of EPB standards”.
All EPB standards follow specific rules to ensure overall consistency, unambiguity and transparency.
All EPB standards provide a certain flexibility with regard to the methods, the required input data and
references to other EPB standards, by the introduction of a normative template in Annex A and Annex B
with informative default choices.
For the correct use of this standard, a normative template is given in Annex A to specify these choices.
Informative default choices are provided in Annex B.
CEN/TC 228 deals with heating systems in buildings. Subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are:
a) energy performance calculation for heating systems;
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b) inspection of heating systems;
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c) design of heating systems;
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d) installation and commissioning of heating systems.
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This standard constitutes the specific part related to space heating and cooling emission, of a set of
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standards determining methods for calculation of energy losses/requirements of space heating and
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cooling systems, space cooling systems and domestic hot water systems in buildings.
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This standard specifies the structure for calculation of the additional heat and cooling losses and energy
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requirements of a heat and cooling emission systems for meeting the building net energy demand.
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The calculation method is used for the following applications:

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— calculation of the additional energy losses in the heat emission system or cooling system;
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— optimization of the energy performance of a planned heat emission system or cooling system, by
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applying the method to several possible options;

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The user should refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed
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calculation procedures not provided by this standard. This standard was developed during the first
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EPBD mandate and the first version was published in 2008. The revision for inclusion in the second
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mandate package was performed in 2014. The two calculation methods have been removed from the
standard and a new one was added. The standard was updated to cover hourly and monthly time-step.
The main target group of this standard are all the users of the set of EPB standards. In case the standard
is used in the context of national or regional legal requirements, mandatory choices may be given at
national or regional level for such specific applications, in particular for the application within the
context of EU Directives transposed into national legal requirements. These choices (either the
informative default choices from Annex B or choices adapted to national/regional needs), but in any
case following the template of this Annex A) can be made available as National Annex or as separate
(e.g. legal) document.
Use by or for regulators: In case the standard is used in the context of national or regional legal
requirements, mandatory choices may be given at national or regional level for such specific
applications. These choices (either the informative default choices from Annex B or choices adapted to
national / regional needs, but in any case following the template of this Annex A) can be made available
as national annex or as separate (e.g. legal) document (national data sheet).

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
NOTE So in this case:
— the regulators will specify the choices;
— the individual user will apply the standard to assess the energy performance of a building, and
thereby use the choices made by the regulators.
Topics addressed in this standard can be subject to public regulation. Public regulation on the same
topics can, for certain applications, override the default values in Annex B of this standard. Public
regulation on the same topics can even, for certain applications override the use of this standard. Legal
requirements and choices are in general not published in standards but in legal documents. In order to
avoid double publications and difficult updating of double documents, the National Annex may refer to
the legal texts where national choices have been made by public authorities.
It is expected, if the default values and choices in Annex B are not followed due to national regulations,
policy or traditions, that:
— national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices and national or regional
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values, according to the model in Annex A. In this case the National Annex (e.g. NA) refers to this
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text;
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— or, by default, the national standards body will consider the possibility to add or include a National
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Annex in agreement with the template of Annex A, in accordance to the legal documents that give
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national or regional values and choices.
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Further target groups are users of the voluntary common European Union certification scheme for the
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energy performance of non-residential buildings (EPBD art.11.9) and any other Pan EU parties wanting
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to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building energy performance for a dedicated building
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stock.
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More information is provided in the Technical Report accompanying this standard (prCEN/TR 15316-6-
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FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard's scope is to standardize the required inputs, the outputs and the links
(structure) of the calculation method in order to achieve a common European calculation method.
This standard covers energy performance calculation of heating systems and water based cooling space
emission sub-systems.
Table 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the set of EPB standards in the context of the
modular structure as set out in prEN ISO 52000-1.
NOTE 1 In prCEN ISO/TR 52000-2, the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the
relevant EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation.
NOTE 2 The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard may cover more than one module
and one module may be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified and a detailed method
respectively. See also Clause 2 and Tables A.1 and B.1.
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FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table 1 — Position of this standard in the modular structure

Building
Overarching Technical Building Systems
(as such)
Building automation
Domestic Hot water
Dehumidification
Humidification
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions
and control
Ventilation
production
Electricity
Lighting
Heating
Cooling
sub1 M1 sub1 M2 sub1 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
15316– 15316–
1 General 1 General 1 General
1 1
Common terms and
definitions; 12831–
2 2 Building Energy Needs 2 Needs
symbols, units and 3
subscripts
(Free) Indoor
Maximum Load and 12831– 12831–
3 Applications 3 Conditions without 3
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Power 1 3
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Systems
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Ways to Express Energy Ways to Express Ways to Express 15316– 15316–
4 4 4
Performance Energy Performance Energy Performance 1 1
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Building
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Heat Transfer by 15316– 15316–
5 Functions and Building 5 5 Emission and control
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Transmission 2 2
Boundaries
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Heat Transfer by m
Building Occupancy and Distribution and 15316– 15316– 15316–
6 6 Infiltration and 6
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Operating Conditions control 3 3 3
Ventilation
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15316–
Aggregation of Energy
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Internal 15316– 5
7 7 7
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Services and Energy Storage and control

Heat Gains 5 15316–
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Carriers
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Solar
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8 Building Partitioning 8 8 Generation

Heat Gains
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15316– 15316–
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8–1 Combustion boilers

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15316– 15316– 15316–

8–2 Heat pumps
4-2 4-2 4-2
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Thermal solar 15316– 15316– 15316–

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8–3
Photovoltaics 4-3 4-3 4-3
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15316– 15316– 15316–

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8–4 On-site cogeneration

4-4 4-4 4-4
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District heating and 15316– 15316– 15316–

8–5
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cooling 4-5 4-5 4-5

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15316– 15316–
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8–6 Direct electrical heater

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15316–
8–7 Wind turbines
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Radiant heating, 15316–
8–8
stoves 4-8
Calculated Energy Building Dynamics Load dispatching and
9 9 9
Performance (thermal mass) operating conditions
Measured
Measured Energy Measured Energy 15378– 15378–
10 Energy 10 10
Performance Performance 3 3
Performance
15378– 15378–
11 Inspection 11 Inspection 11 Inspection
1 1
Ways to Express Indoor
12 12 – 12 BMS
Comfort
External Environment
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Conditions
15459–
14 Economic Calculation
1

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 215, Thermostatic radiator valves - Requirements and test methods
EN 416-2, Single burner gas-fired overhead radiant tube heaters for non-domestic use - Part 2: Rational
use of energy
EN 419-2, Non-domestic gas-fired overhead luminous radiant heaters - Part 2: Rational use of energy
EN 442 (all parts), Radiators and convectors
EN 1264 series, Water based surface embedded heating and cooling systems
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EN 12828, Heating systems in building — Design for water based heating systems
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prEN 12831-1, Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of the design heat load - Part 1:
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Space heating load, Module M3-3
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prEN 15316-1, Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements
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and system efficiencies - Part 1: General and Energy performance expression, Module M3-1, M3-4, M3-9,
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M8-1, M8-4
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EN 15500, Control for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning applications - Electronic individual zone
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control equipment
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EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)
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prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment – Part 1:
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General framework and procedures

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3 Terms and definitions

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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995,
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prEN ISO 52000-1 :2015, and the following specific definitions apply.
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3.1
heating system heat loss, emission
cooling system cooling loss, emission
heat/cooling loss through the building envelope due to non-uniform temperature distribution, control
inefficiencies and losses of emitters embedded in the building structure
3.2
heating and cooling system heat losses, total
sum of the heat and cooling losses from the system, including recoverable heat loss
3.3
control
self-acting device with and without auxiliary energy to keep a physical condition as temperature,
humidity, etc. close to set-point

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
3.4
room automation controls BMS
room temperature controls in combination with:
— timer function;
— timer function and self-adoption / self-optimization;
timer function and self-adoption / self-optimization and interaction with other components of heating /
cooling system like further controls, circulator or heat- / cool-generator (network operation)
4 Symbols and abbreviations

4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 and the following
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symbols (see Table 2) apply.
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Table 2 — Symbols and units
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Symbol Quantity Unit
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RF Radiant factor m -
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4.2 Subscripts
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For the purposes of this document, the symbols are in accordance with prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 and the
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special symbols shown in Table 3.

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Table 3 — Subscripts
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emb embedded im intermittent pmp pump

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fan fan ini initial rad radiant

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emt emitter inc increased str stratification

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hydr hydraulic balancing roomaut room automation con convective

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5 Description of the method

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5.1 Output of the method
The method described in this standard calculate

— energy losses (heating and cooling) Qem,ls in kWh;
— auxiliary energy – heat/ cooling emission Wem in kWh;
— room temperature θ int ,inc in Centigrade (°C).
The time step of the output can be:

— hourly;
— monthly;

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
— yearly;
according to the time-step of the input.

5.2 General description of the method
The energy performance is assessed by values of the increased space temperatures due to heat and
cooling emission system inefficiencies.
The method is based on an analysis of the following characteristics of a space heating emission system
or cooling system including control:
— non-uniform space temperature distribution;
— emitters;
— emitters embedded in the building structure;
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— control accuracy of the indoor temperature;
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— operation of controls / controls systems and emitters.
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The energy required by the emission system is calculated separately for thermal energy and electrical
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energy in order to determine the final energy, and subsequently the corresponding primary energy is
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calculated.
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The calculation factors for conversion of energy requirements to primary energy shall be decided on a
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national level.
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For the calculation of the different characteristics within combined systems it is assumed, that the
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system is designed under the aspect of energy optimization.

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6 Calculation Method
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6.1 Output data

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The output data of this method are listed in Table 4.

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Table 4 — Output data of this method

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Validity
Description Symbol Unit Intended Varying
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interval
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auxiliary energy – heating / cooling

Wem,ls,aux kWh 0…∞ M3–1 YES
emission
additional energy losses of heat
Qem,ls kWh 0…∞ M3–1 YES
emission
equivalent internal heating
θH;int;inc °C −5 … 40 M3–1 YES
temperature
equivalent internal cooling
θC;int;inc °C −5 … 40 M4–1 YES
temperature
temperature variation based on losses Δθint;inc °C −5 … 40 M3–1 YES
annual expenditure factor for the heat ε em,ls ,an - 1…2 M3–1 NO
and cooling emission
convective fraction of the M3–1 /
fem,conv - 0..1 NO
heating/cooling emitter M2–2

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
6.2 Calculation time steps
The objective of the calculation is to determine the annual energy demand or the energy demand of a
time period of the space heating / cooling emission system. This may be done in one of the following
two different ways:
— by using annual data for the system operation period and perform the calculations using annual
average values;
— by dividing the year into a number of calculation periods (e.g. year, month, week, day, hour, boosted
sub-period) and perform the calculations for each period using period dependent values and
adding up the results for all the periods over the year.
6.3 Input data

6.3.1 Source of data
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Input data about products that are required for the calculation described in this standard shall be the
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data supplied by the manufacturer if they are declared according to relevant EN product standards.
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If no such data from the manufacturer is available or if the required data are not product data, default
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values are given in Annex B.
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6.3.2 Product data (technical data) m
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The product data shall be the value declared by the manufacturer according to certified measurements
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performed according to the relevant product standards. If values declared by the manufacturer are not
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available, then default values are given in informative Annex B.

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Required technical data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table 5.
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Table 5 — Product technical input data list

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Catalogue Computed Validity

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Characteristics Symbol Ref. Varying

unit Unit interval
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control variation of temperature Δθctr K K −5..5 6.4.2 No

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temperature variation based on

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Δθctr,1 K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No

control, not certified products
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Δθctr,2 K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No

control, certified products
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hysteresis of thermostatic valve θH K K 0..1 6.4.2 No
affect of supply water

temperature on TRV head sensing θW K K 0..1 6.4.2 No
element
Δθhydr K K 0..1 6.4.2 No
not balanced hydraulic systems
intermittent controls operation Δθim,crt K K −5 ..+5 6.4.2 No
system
intermittent operation of the Δθim,emt K K −5 ..+5 6.4.2 No
emission system

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Catalogue Computed Validity

Characteristics Symbol Ref. Varying
unit Unit interval
radiation by type of the emission Δθrad K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
system
Δθstr K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
the stratification
the stratification - part of
Δθstr,1 K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
influence due to “over-
temperature”
the stratification - part of
Δθstr,2 K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
influence due to “specific heat
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losses via external components”
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temperature variation based on an
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additional heating / cooling loss
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Δθemb K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
by emitters embedded in the
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envelope m
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by emitters embedded in the Δθemb,1 K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No

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envelope – part of influence due to

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the “system”
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by emitters embedded in the

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Δθemb,2 K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No

envelope – part of influence due to
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“specific heat losses via laying

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surfaces”
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Δθroomout K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
room automation
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radiant factor of radiant heaters

RF 0..1 6.4.2 No
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for room heights ≥ 4m

room height hR m m 2..50 6.4.2 No
electrical rated power
Pctr W W 0..500 6.4.4 No
consumption of the control
electrical rated power
PH,aux W W 0..500 6.4.4 No
consumption of the equipment
electrical rated power W
Pfan W 0..500 6.4.4 No
consumption of the fan
Design nominal useful emitter kW
ΦHemn W 0… No
power

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
6.3.3 Configuration and system design data
Table 6 — Configuration and system design data
Origin
Name Symbol Unit Range Varying
Module
design over-temperature K 5..60 M3–1 Yes
6.3.4 Operating or boundary conditions
Required operating conditions data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table 7.
Table 7 — Operating conditions data list
Origin
Name Symbol Unit Range Varying
Module
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initial internal temperature θint,ini °C 0...50 M3–2 Yes
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calculation interval h 1…8760 M1–9 Yes
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total time of generator(s)
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tgnr h m0…8760 M1–6 Yes
operation
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external temperature of the

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θe,avg °C −50…+50 M1–13 Yes

calculation interval
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thermal output of the heating /

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Qem;out kWh 0… M3–3 / M4–3 Yes

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cooling emission system

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operation time of the fans in the

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th,rl h 0…8760 M1–6 Yes

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calculation period
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analytical running time (monthly

th h 0…8760 M1–6 Yes
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or other period)
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6.4 Monthly and yearly calculation procedure

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6.4.1 Applicable calculation interval

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This calculation procedure can be used with the following calculation interval:
— monthly;
— yearly.
6.4.2 Operating conditions calculation
Not relevant.
6.4.3 Energy calculation (additional heating / cooling losses)
This section gives a detail method for calculation of losses in the heating / cooling emission systems or
in the cooling system (for the cooling case the loss is a heat loss with a negative sign). The concept using
equivalent internal temperature.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
The present standard will present an overall method to calculate the additional heat / cooling losses
and energy efficiency. In Annex A only the structure of the tables are included. Default values for the
calculation are given in Annex B. The internal temperature is affected by:
— the spatial temperature variation due to the stratification, depending on the emitter;
— the control variation depending on the capacity of the control device to ensure an homogeneous
and constant temperature;
— the temperature variation based on an additional heating / cooling losses by emitters embedded in
the envelope;
— the temperature variation based on radiation heat transfer of the emitter;
— the temperature variation based on intermittent operation of controls and emitters;
— the temperature variation based on not balanced hydraulic systems;
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— the temperature variation based on space automation system;
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— the temperature variation based on controls system stand alone or networked operation of the
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system;
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— the temperature variation based on type of emitter.
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The equivalent internal temperature, θint;inc taking into account the emitter, is calculated by:
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θH;int;inc = θH;int;ini + Δθint;inc [°C] (1a)

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θC;int;inc = θC;int;ini − Δθint;inc [°C] (1b)

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where:
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θH;int,ini is the initial internal heating temperature (°C);

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θC;int,ini is the initial internal cooling temperature (°C);

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Δθstr is the spatial variation of temperature due to stratification (K);

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Δθctr is the control variation (K); (the control variation Δθctr is divided into Δθctr,1 and Δθctr,2
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. Δθctr,1 should be used for standard calculation if no information are available. Δθctr,2
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should be used for calculation with certified products. Alternatively product specific
values can be used if proved by certification.);
Δθemb is the temperature variation based on an additional heating / cooling losses of
embedded emitters or by undirected (flat) radiant emitters like radiant panels installed
in the upper area of the room (K);
Δθ is the temperature variation e.g. Δθ = Δθctr +Δθstr+Δθemb (Κ);
Δθrad is the temperature variation based on radiation by type of the emission system (K);
Δθim is the temperature variation based on intermittent operation and based on the type of
the emission system (K), Δθim = Δθim,emt +Δθim,ctr
Δθim,ctr is the temperature variation based on intermittent operation of control (K);
Δθim,emt is the temperature variation based on intermittent operation on the type of the
emission system (K);

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Δθhydr is the temperature variation based on not balanced hydraulic systems (K);
Δθroomaut is the temperature variation based on stand alone or networked operation/ space
automation of the system (K);
Δθint;inc is the temperature variation based on all losses (K);
NOTE Room/space automation system covers room wide temperature controls including an individual timer
function, timer function with self-adoption of start / stop or timer function with self-adoption of start / stop and
interaction with other controls or heating / cooling system devices.
Δθint;inc =Δθstr+Δθctr+Δθemb+Δθrad+Δθim+Δθhydr +Δθroomaut [K] (2)
In case of using product data for control systems Δθctr = CA-value.

Electronic controllers: CA – based on EN 15500 (see Table 8).
TRV: based on EN 215 (see Table 8).
8
with temperature variation based on emission system
-0
12
∆θ emt ,syst = ∆θ str + ∆θ emb + ∆θ rad + ∆θ im,emt [K] (3)
6-
01
where
2
∆θ rad st
m
is calculated for radiators in EN 442 (see Table 8).
ko
en
∆θ im,emt is calculated for embedded systems in the EN 1264 series (see Table 8).
je
and with temperature variation based on control system

bi
ie
∆θ ctr ,syst = ∆θ ctr + ∆θ im,ctr + ∆θ roomout [K]

at
(4)
m r
fo
The equivalent internal temperature difference, Δθint;inc taking into account the emitter, is calculated by:
in
de
∆θ int ,inc = ∆θ hyd + ∆θ emt ,syst + ∆θ ctr ,syst [K] (5)

or
vo
In case of rooms with ceiling heights ≥ 4 m the temperature variation Δθstr is calculated as specific value
T
for different emitter systems as:

EP
'
θ str
C
∆θ str = 10 ⋅ ⋅ ( 0,5 ⋅ hR − b ) [K]

N
(6)
a
O
C
where
a = 16K and b = 1,1m
hR is the the room height (m);
'
θ str is the air temperature gradient (K/m) taken from following
Table A.8/B.8.
In case of rooms with ceiling heights ≥ 4 m the temperature variation Δθrad is calculated as specific value
for different ceiling heights and emitter systems of radiant luminous and tube heaters as:
  70 
0,12
 10 
0,15 
 0,36
∆θ rad =10 ⋅ + 0,354 ⋅   ⋅  − 0,9 [K] (7)
 RF + 0,2  p h   hR  
 

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
where
RF is the Radiant Factor of radiant heaters according to EN 416–2 resp. EN 419–2 (product
value)
ph is the specific heat power in W/m2 based on product values;
Formulas for Δθrad for radiant panels may be written in national annexes. The accordant values are
determined on basis of radiant heat transfer according to EN 14037–3 (see Table 8).
Values for radiant heat transfer of radiant panels acc. EN 14037–2 cannot be compared directly with
values of radiant factors of radiant heaters according to EN 416–2 resp. EN 419–2 (see Table 8).
In case of using standard designs of radiant luminous or radiant tube heaters for ceiling heights ≥ 4m
standard product values of RF are taken from Table A.9 or B.9.
Table 8 — Interaction between product values and terms in prEN 15316–2
Product relevant standard term
8
-0
free heating surface (radiators) EN 442 θrad
12
embedded heating and cooling systems EN 1264 series θim,emt
6-
01
not embedded radiant heating and EN 14037 series θim,emt
2
cooling systems (open air gap)
st
m
thermostatic controllers (TRV) EN 215 θctr = CA
ko
en
electronic controllers EN 15500 θctr = CA

je
bi
radiant luminous and tube heaters EN 416–2 resp. EN 419–2 RF

ie
at
Fan assisted radiators EN 16430 series θrad

m r
Electrical radiators EN 14337 θrad

fo
in
electric infrared emitters for industrial EN 60240–1 RF

de
heating
or
vo
The additional heat / cooling losses of emission in kWh are calculated as:
T
EP
 ∆θ int ,inc 
Q em,ls Q em,out ⋅ 
=  [kWh] (8)
C
θ
 int ,inc − θ e ,comb 
N
O
C
Where for heating emission:

θ e ,comb = θ e ,avg [°C] (9a)
and for cooling emission:

θ e ,comb
= θ e ,avg + ∆θ e ,sol [°C] (9b)
The values θ e ,avg is an input value from prEN 15316-1. Default values for ∆θ e ,sol are given in B.7.
In individual application cases this breakdown is not required. The annual losses for the heating and
cooling emission in the room space is calculated as
Q em,ls ,an = ∑ Q em,ls [kWh] (10)

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
where
Qem,ls,an is the annual loss of the heating / cooling emission, in kWh;
Qem,ls is the loss of the heating / cooling emission (in the time period), in kWh.
The annual thermal output of the heating/cooling emission in the room space is calculated as
Q em,out ,an = ∑ Q em,out
[kWh] (11)
A heating / cooling system may, as required, be split up in zones with different heating / cooling
emission systems, and the heating / cooling loss calculations can be applied individually for each zone.
The considerations given in prEN 15316-1, regarding splitting up or branching of the heating / cooling
system shall be followed. If the principle of adding up the heating / cooling losses is respected, it is
always possible to combine zones with different heating / cooling emission systems.
Based on the result of the calculation a characteristic value (annual expenditure factor) for heat and
cooling emission can be calculated.
8
-0
Q em,out ,an + Q em,ls ,an
12
ε em,ls ,an = [-] (12)
Q em,out ,an
6-
01
6.4.4 Auxiliary energy calculation
2
st
m
With Formula 13 the auxiliary energy is balanced that serves to improve the heating / cooling emission
ko
processes in the room space and is not recorded in the above calculations.
en
je
Wem,ls ,aux = W fan [kWh] (13)

bi
ie
at
where
m r
fo
Wem,ls,aux auxiliary energy (in the period), in kWh;

in
Wfan auxiliary energy of fans in the calculation period, in kWh;

de
or
The individual component Wfan is to be determined from Formulae (14).

vo
Pfan ⋅ n fan ⋅ t h,rL

T
W fan = ∑ [kWh] (14)

EP
1000
C
N
where
O
C
nfan is the number of ventilator/fan units;

th,rL is the operation time of the system in the calculation period, in h
Pfan is the electrical rated power consumption of the ventilators/fans (from Table A.13 or B.13 or
product data), in W;
Auxiliary energy calculation in large indoor space buildings (h > 4 m) – systems with direct heating.
In large indoor space buildings in particular, heating equipment is used, the method of working of
which cannot logically be differentiated into sub-systems of heat generation and heat emission, and
which at the same time is installed in the room space in which it is used (e.g. gas and infrared radiators).
The total auxiliary energy of these systems is credited to the heat and cooling demand of the installation
room space (see Table A.13 or B.13, upper section).
PH,aux ⋅ nH ,aux ⋅ t h
Wem,ls ,aux = ∑ [kWh] (15)
1000

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
where
Wem,ls,aux is the monthly or other period auxiliary energy (heat emission and, if necessary heat
generation), in kWh;
PH,aux is the rated power consumption of the equipment from Table A.12 or B.12 or
manufacturer data (heat generation and heat emission), in W;
nH,aux is the number of equipment
th is the monthly or other period analytical running time, in h.
The operating duration of the ventilator/fan including control system is set equal to the operating time
of the heating system. In Table A.13 or B.13 are prescribed the standard values for the auxiliary energy
of fans and for the control system in room spaces h > 4 m in height (large indoor space buildings).
6.5 Hourly calculation procedure
6.5.1 Applicable calculation interval
8
-0
This calculation procedure can be used with the following calculation interval:
12
6-
— hourly.
01
6.5.2 Operating conditions calculation
2
st
Not relevant.
m
ko
6.5.3 Energy calculation (additional heating / cooling losses)

en
je
This section gives a detail method for calculation of losses in the heating / cooling emission systems or
bi
ie
in the cooling system (for the cooling case the loss is a heat loss with a negative sign). The concept using
at
equivalent internal temperature.

rm
The present standard will present an overall method to calculate the additional heat / cooling losses
fo
in
and energy efficiency. In Annex A only the structure of the tables are included. Default values for the
de
calculation are given in Annex B. The internal temperature is affected by:

or
— the spatial temperature variation due to the stratification, depending on the emitter;
vo
T
— the control variation depending on the capacity of the control device to ensure an homogeneous
EP
and constant temperature;

C
N
O
— the temperature variation based on an additional heating / cooling losses by emitters embedded in
C
the envelope;
— the temperature variation based on radiation heat transfer of the emitter;
— the temperature variation based on not balanced hydraulic systems;
— the temperature variation based on space automation system;
— the temperature variation based on controls system stand alone or networked operation of the
system;
— the temperature variation based on type of emitter.
There are two types of temperature variations. The first one is used to modify the set point temperature
by Δθint;inc.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
The equivalent internal temperature, θ int;inc taking into account the emitter, is calculated by:
θ int
= ,inc θ int ,ini + ∆θ int ,inc [°C] (16)
∆θ int;inc = ∆θ str + ∆θ ctr + ∆θ rad + ∆θ hydr + ∆θ roomaut [K] (17)
where
θint,ini initial internal temperature (°C);
Δθstr spatial variation of temperature due to stratification (K);
Δθctr control variation (K); (the control variation Δθctr is divided into Δθctr,1 and Δθctr,2 . Δθctr,1
should be used for standard calculation if no information are available. Δθctr,2 should be
used for calculation with certified products. Alternatively product specific values can be
used if proved by certification.);
Δθrad temperature variation based on radiation by type of the emission system (K);
8
-0
12
Δθhydr temperature variation based on not balanced hydraulic systems (K);
6-
Δθroomaut temperature variation based on stand alone or networked operation/ space
01
automation of the system (K);
2
st
In case of using product data for control systems Δθctr = CA-value. m
ko
Electronic controllers: CA – based on EN 15500 (see Table 8).
en
TRV: based on EN 215 (see Table 8).

je
bi
ie
∆θ rad is calculated for radiators in EN 442 (see Table 8)

at
m
In case of rooms with ceiling heights ≥ 4 m the temperature variation Δθstr is calculated as specific value
r
fo
for different emitter systems as:

in
de
'
θ str
∆θ str = 10 ⋅ ⋅ ( 0,5 ⋅ hR − b ) [K] (18)
or
a
vo
T
where
EP
a = 16K and b = 1,1m

C
N
O
hR is the room height (m),

C
'
θ str is the air temperature gradient (K/m) taken from following Table A.8/B.8
In case of rooms with ceiling heights ≥ 4 m the temperature variation Δθrad is calculated as specific value
for different ceiling heights and emitter systems of radiant luminous and tube heaters as:
  70 
0,12
 10 
0,15 
 0,36
∆θ rad =10 ⋅ + 0,354 ⋅   ⋅  − 0,9 [K] (19)
 RF + 0,2  ph   hR  
 
With
RF Radiant Factor of radiant heaters according to EN 416-2 resp. EN 419-2 (product value)
ph specific heat power in W/m2 based on product values;

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
In case of using standard designs of radiant luminous or radiant tube heaters for ceiling heights ≥ 4m
standard product values of RF are taken from Table A.9 or B.9.
Formulas for Δθrad for radiant panels may be written in national annexes. The accordant values are
determined on basis of radiant heat transfer acc. EN 14037-3 (see Table 8).
Values for radiant heat transfer of radiant panels acc. EN 14037-2 cannot be compared directly with
values of radiant factors of radiant heaters acc. EN 416-2 resp. EN 419-2 (see Table 8).
NOTE Δθrad is not based on the convective (or radiative) part of the emission system.
Table 9 — Interaction between product values and terms in prEN 15316–2
Product relevant standard term
free heating surface (radiators) EN 442 θrad

embedded heating and cooling systems EN 1264 series θim,emt
8
-0
not embedded radiant heating and EN 14037 series θim,emt
12
cooling systems (open air gap)
6-
01
thermostatic controllers (TRV) EN 215 θctr = CA
2
st
electronic controllers EN 15500
m θctr = CA
ko
radiant luminous and tube heaters EN 416–2 resp. EN 419–2 RF
en
Fan assisted radiators EN 16430 series θrad

je
bi
Electrical radiators EN 14337 θrad

ie
at
electric infrared emitters for industrial EN 60240–1 RF

m
heating
r
fo
in
The total useful output of the emission system Q em,out ,inc is the minimum of the calculated emission
de
or
output according to M2-2 with the modified set point temperature by ∆θ int;inc and the design useful
vo
nominal power ΦHemnx1h.

T
EP
The embedded losses are calculated to the following formula:

C
N
 ∆θ emb 
O
Q emb ,ls Q em,out ,inc ⋅ 

=  [kWh] (20)
θ
C
 int ,inc − θ e ,comb 
where
Δθemb temperature variation based on an additional heating / cooling losses of embedded
emitters or by undirected (flat) radiant emitters like radiant panels installed in the upper
area of the room (K);
And where for heating emission:
θ e ,comb = θ e ,avg [°C] (21a)
and for cooling emission:

θ e ,comb
= θ e ,avg + ∆θ e ,sol [°C] (21b)
The values θ e ,avg is an input value from prEN 15316-1. Default values for ∆θ e ,sol are given in B.7.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
The convective fraction of the heating/cooling emitter, which is useful for the calculation in M2-2 is
defined by fem,conv. Product values are given in Table A.17 or B.17.
The total heat / cooling losses of emission in kWh are calculated as:
Q em,ls= Q em,out ,inc − Q em,out + Q emb ,ls [kWh] (22)
The required energy input to the emission system is calculated by

Q em,in Q em,out + Q em,ls [kWh]
= (23)
The annual losses for the heating and cooling emission in the room space is calculated as
Q em,ls ,an = ∑ Q em,ls [kWh] (24)
where
Qem,ls,a is the annual loss of the heating / cooling emission, in kWh;
8
-0
Qem,ls is the loss of the heating / cooling emission (in the time period), in kWh.
12
6-
The annual thermal output of the heating/cooling emission in the room space is calculated as
2 01
Q em,out ,an = ∑ Q em,out [kWh] (25)
st
m
ko
A heating / cooling system may, as required, be split up in zones with different heating / cooling
en
emission systems, and the heating / cooling loss calculations can be applied individually for each zone.
je
The considerations given in prEN 15316-1, regarding splitting up or branching of the heating / cooling
bi
system shall be followed. If the principle of adding up the heating / cooling losses is respected, it is
ie
at
always possible to combine zones with different heating / cooling emission systems.
m r
Based on the result of the calculation a characteristic value (annual expenditure factor) for heat and
fo
cooling emission can be calculated.

in
de
Q em,out ,an + Q em,ls ,an

ε em,ls ,an = [-] (26)
or
Q em,out ,an
vo
T
EP
Auxiliary energy calculation

C
With Formula 27 the auxiliary energy is balanced that serves to improve the heating / cooling emission
N
O
processes in the room space and is not recorded in the above calculations.
C
Wem,ls ,aux = W fan [kWh] (27)
where
Wem,ls,aux auxiliary energy (in the period), in kWh;
Wfan auxiliary energy of fans in the calculation period, in kWh;
The individual component Wfan is to be determined from Formulae (14).
Pfan ⋅ n fan
W fan = ∑
1000 [kWh] (28)
where
nfan is the number of ventilator/fan units;

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Pfan is the electrical rated power consumption of the ventilators/fans (from Table A.12 or B.12 or
product data), in W;
Auxiliary energy calculation in large indoor space buildings (h > 4 m) – systems with direct heating
In large indoor space buildings in particular, heating equipment is used, the method of working of
which cannot logically be differentiated into sub-systems of heat generation and heat emission, and
which at the same time is installed in the room space in which it is used (e.g. gas and infrared radiators).
The total auxiliary energy of these systems is credited to the heat and cooling demand of the installation
room space (see Table A.13 or B.13, upper section).
PH,aux ⋅ nH ,aux ⋅
Wem,ls ,aux = ∑ [kWh] (29)
1000
where
Wem,ls,aux is the hourly or other period auxiliary energy (heat emission and, if necessary heat
8
generation), in kWh;
-0
12
PH,aux is the rated power consumption of the equipment from Table A.12 or B.12 or
6-
manufacturer data (heat generation and heat emission), in W;
01
nH,aux is the number of equipment
2
st
The operating duration of the ventilator/fan including control system is set equal to the operating time
m
of the heating system. In Table A.13 or B.13 are prescribed the standard values for the auxiliary energy
ko
of fans and for the control system in room spaces h > 4 m in height (large indoor space buildings).
en
je
7 Quality control
bi
ie
at
Not relevant.
rm
fo
8 Compliance check
in
de
To check if the calculation procedure is applicable/was applied correctly to the installed system, check
or
vo
the following items for heating and cooling application:

T
— type of room controller;

EP
C
— type of room automation system;

N
O
C
— type of room emission system;
— height of the room.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
Template for choices, input data and references (Additional heating and
cooling losses / auxiliary energy)
A.1 Introduction
For the correct use of this European Standard the template given in this Annex shall be used to specify
the choices between methods, the required input data and references to other standards.
NOTE 1 A complete set of informative default choices, input data and references are provided in Annex B.
NOTE 2 Following this template is necessary but not enough to guarantee consistency of data.
8
-0
12
NOTE 3 In particular for the application within the context of EU Directives transposed into national legal
6-
requirements, the values and choices can be imposed by national / regional regulations. If the values and default
01
choice of Annex B are not adopted because of the regulations, policies or national traditions, it is expected that:
2
st
— national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices, national or regional
m
input data and references, according to the template in Annex A. In this case the National Annex (e.g.
ko
Annex NA, NB, ..) should provide a reference to these specifications;

en
je
— or, by default, the national standardization body will consider the possibility to prepare a
bi
National Annex (e.g. Annex NA, NB, ..)complying with the template of Annex A, that provides choices,
ie
at
national or regional input data and references specified in the legal documents.
rm
fo
NOTE 4 Where necessary for certain input values to be acquired by the user, a datasheet according to the
in
template of Annex A may contain a reference to national procedures for assessing the needed input data. For
de
instance to a national assessment protocol comprising decision trees, tables and pre-calculations.
or
NOTE 5 Drafting an application document according to the template in Annex A is open for different situations
vo
e.g. design of new building, certification of new building, renovation of existing building and certification of
T
existing building and for different types of buildings e.g. small or simple buildings and large or complex buildings..
EP
This can be done by developing different versions this application document. In such application document it is
C
possible to add information about, e.g. applicable national or regional regulations.

N
O
C
If product specific values are available these may be used instead of the values in following Tables A.1 to
A.13, compare normative Annex C.
— The temperature variation for hydraulic balancing is described in Table A.1.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table A.1 — Default values for temperature variation for hydronic balancing in KDefault values
for temperature variation for hydronic balancing in K
Influence parameters
(Performed hydronic balancing with manufacturer's declaration on the balance and in coordination
with EN 14336)
One pipe heating Δθhydr Two pipe heating *n ≤ 10 *n > 10
Δθhydr Δθhydr
No hydronic balancing No hydraulic balancing

Balanced statically per free heating
Balanced statically per circuit surface (radiator) or embedded heating
surface, without group balance
Balanced dynamically per circuit
8
surface (radiator) or embedded heating
-0
(e.g. with automatic flow
surface, with group balance (e.g. with
12
limiters)
balancing valve)
6-
01
2
st
limiters) and dynamically
m
surface (radiator) and dynamic group
ko
controlled depending on its load
balance (e.g. with differential pressure
en
(e.g. return temperature

controller)
je
limitation)
bi
ie

at
Balanced dynamically per free heating

m

r

fo
surface (e.g. with automatic flow

in
limiters / differential pressure

(supply-return temperature
de
controllers)
difference)
or
vo
* n – number of heat and cooling emission systems (e.g. number of radiators…)

T
EP
A.2 Temperature variation for free heating surfaces (radiators), room

C
heights ≤ 4 m (heating case)

N
O
C
In Table A.2 the temperature variation for free heating surfaces are described.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table A.2 — Temperature variation free heating surfaces (radiators), room heights ≤ 4 m
(heating case)
Variation
Influence parameters Δθstr Δθctr 0,1b Δθctr,2 Δθemb
c
Room space Unregulated, with central supply

temperature temperature regulation
regulation Master room space or one-pipe heating
Room temperature control
(electromechanical / electronic)
P-controller (before 1988)
P-controller
PI-controller
8
PI-controller (with optimization
-0
12
function, e.g. presence management,
6-
adaptive controller)
01
Over-temperature Two-pipe heating and one-pipe Δθstr,1 Δθstr,2
2
heating renovated d
st
(reference m
Θi = 20 °C) 60 K (e.g. 90/70)
ko
42,5 K (e.g. 70/55)

en
je
30 K (e.g. 55/45)
bi
20 K (e.g. 45/35)
ie
at
One-pipe heating (not renoveted)

rm
60 K (e.g. 90/70)
fo
in
42,5 K (e.g. 70/55)

de
Heating systems combined with

or
mechanical ventilation e
vo
Fan assisted radiators / fan coil units e

T
EP
Specific heat Radiator location internal wall

C
losses via external Radiator location external wall

N
components
O
- GF without radiation protection

C
(GF = glass surface

area) - GF with radiation protection a
- external wall
a The radiation protection shall prevent 80 % of the radiation losses from the heating body to the glass surface
area by means of insulation and/or reflection.
b use Δθctr ;1 for not certified products
c use Δθctr ;2 for certified products
d one-pipe heating is assumed as renovated, if the flow rate is dynamically controlled depending on the load
and the distribution pipes are insulated
e When heating systems are installed in rooms equipped with mechanical ventilation systems the temperature
stratification
is influenced

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
For Δθstr an average value is to be formed from the data for the main influence parameters “over-
temperature” and “specific heat losses via external components”.
Δθstr = (Δθstr,1 +Δθstr,2)/2 [K] (30)
Temperature variation for intermittent operation

controls Δθim,ctr = …
emitters Δθim,emt = …
Temperature variation for radiation effect: Δθrad = …
Alternatively product specific values for Δθrad in accordance to product standards can be used.
Temperature variation for room automation ∆θ roomaut =…
stand alone
8
stand alone with self-adoption start / stop
-0
12
networked with self-adoption and interaction
6-
01
(Interaction in the form of individual room control system includes the connection of the individual
room control system with additional controls and / or the heat source - for example, supply
2
st
temperature adaptation) m
ko
A.3 Temperature Variation for component integrated heating surfaces (panel

en
heaters) (room heights ≤ 4 m, heating case)

je
bi
ie
In Table A.3 the temperature variation for component integrated heating surfaces (panel heaters)
at
(room heights ≤ 4 m) are prescribed.

rm
fo
in
de
or
vo
T
EP
C
N
O
C

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table A.3 — Temperature variation for component integrated heating surfaces (panel heaters);
room heights ≤ 4 m (heating case)
Variation
influence parameters
Δθstr Δθctr,1a Δθctr,2 b Δθemb
Room space unregulated, with central supply temperature
temperature regulation
regulation Master room space
Room temperature control (e.g. 2-step
controller)
P-controller / 2-step controller
(hysteresis ≤ ± 0,5 K)
PI-controller
8
-0
PI-controller (with optimization function, e.g.
12
presence management, adaptive controller)
6-
System Floor heating Δθemb,1 Δθemb,2
2 01
- screed system
- dry system st
m
ko
- system with low cover
en
Wall heating
je
bi
Ceiling heating
ie
Heating systems combined with mechanical

at
m
ventilationc
r
fo
Specific heat Integrated heating surface without minimum

in
losses via insulation in accordance with the EN 1264

de
laying series
or
surfaces Integrated heating surface with minimum

vo
insulation in accordance with the EN 1264

T
EP
series
C
Integrated heating surface with 100 % better

N
insulation than required by the EN 1264

O
C
series
a use Δθctr ;1 for not certified products
b use Δθctr ;2 for certified products
c When heating systems are installed in room equipped with mechanical ventilation
systems the temperature
stratification is influenced
For Δθemb an average value is to be formed from the data for the main influence parameters “system”
and “specific heat losses via laying surfaces”.
Δθemb = (Δθemb,1+ Δθemb,2)/2 [K] (31)
In Table A.4 the overall temperature variation (Δθ = Δθctr+Δθstr+Δθemb) for thermally activated building
systems (room heights ≤ 4 m) are prescribed.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table A.4 —Default values for temperature variation for component integrated heating surfaces
(thermally activated building systems); room heights ≤ 4 m; heating case
Variation
Δϑ
Control Constant supply temperature
Central supply temperature regulation
Temperature variation for radiation effect: Δθrad =

8
-0
12
controls Δθim,ctr = …
6-
emitters Δθim,emt = …
01
Temperature variation for room / space automation ∆θ roomaut = …
2
st
m
stand alone
ko
stand alone with self-adoption start / stop

en
je

bi
ie
at
rm
temperature adaptation)
fo
in
A.4 Temperature variation for air heating systems; room heights ≤ 4 m (heating
de
case)
or
vo
For air heating systems the calculation has to be done with the following values:
T
EP
Air heating system (mixing case) Δθstr =

C
N
Δθctr;1 =
O
C
Δθctr;2 =
Δθemb =
controls Δθim,ctr =
emitters Δθim,emt =
Temperature variation for room automation
stand alone ∆θ roomaut =
stand alone with self-adoption start / stop ∆θ roomaut =
networked with self-adoption and interaction ∆θ roomaut =

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
A.5 Temperature Variation for electrical heating (room heights ≤ 4 m, heating

case)
In Table A.5 the temperature variation for electrical heating (room heights ≤ 4 m) are prescribed.
Table A.5 — Temperature variation for electrical heating and air heating systems in K (room
heights ≤ 4 m, heating case)
Variation
Influence parameters Δθ
Air heating with zone control P-controller (1 K)
8
Air heating with central master control and pilot room control
-0
including supplementary heating with single-room control P-
12
controller (1K)
6-
01
External wall region
E- direct heating P-controller (1 K) or air heating with single-room
2
control P-controller (1 K)
st
m
E- direct heating PI-controller (with optimization) or air heating with
ko
single-room control PI-controller (with optimization)

en
je
Storage heating unregulated without external temperature

bi
dependent charging
ie
at
Storage heating P-controller (1 K) with external temperature

rm
dependent charging
fo
in
Storage heating PID-controller with optimization with external

de
temperature dependent charging

or
Air heating with zone control P-controller (1 K)

vo
T
Air heating with central master control and pilot room control
EP
including supplementary heating with single-room control P-

C
controller (1K)
N
O
Internal wall region
E- direct heating P-controller (1 K) or air heating with single-room

C
E- direct heating PI-controller (with optimization) or air heating with
Storage heating unregulated without external temperature
dependent charging
Storage heating P-controller (1 K) with external temperature
dependent charging
Ventilation Systems with supply air temperature below the room temperature

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Temperature variation for intermittent operation: Δθim = … (to be used for electrical heating
systems with an integrated feedback control system)
A.6 Temperature Variation air heating (ventilation systems, room heights ≤ 4 m,

heating case)
In Table A.6 the temperature variation Δθem,ls for air heating (non-domestic ventilation systems, room
heights ≤ 4 m) are prescribed.
Table A.6 — Temperature variation for air heating (non-domestic ventilation systems, room
Δθ
System configuration Control parameter
8
Low quality of High quality of
-0
control control
12
6-
Room space temperature
01
Additional heating in Room space temperature
2
st
the incoming air (cascade control of incoming m
(additional heater) air temperature)
ko
en
Exhaust air temperature

je
Recirculation air
bi
ie
heating (induction
at
equipment,
m
Room space temperature

r
ventilator
fo
convectors, fan coil

in
units)
de
or
vo
NOTE The auxiliary energy for the recirculation air heating is to be taken from Table B2.
T
EP
A.7 Temperature variation for room spaces with heights > 4 m (large indoor
space buildings, heating case)
C
N
O
C
In Table A.7 the temperature variation for room spaces with heights ≥ 4 m are prescribed.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table A.7 — temperature variation for room spaces with heights > 4 m (heating case) reference
case: ceiling height 10 m, standard product values radiant factors of luminous and tube heaters
and tube heaters)
variation
Δθctr,1a Δθctr,2 b Δθemb
Unregulated
Two-step controller
Room space
P-controller
temp.
regulation PI-controller
PI-controller with
optimization
Warm air Outlet horizontal (wall unit)
without additional Outlet horizontal (wall unit) low
vertical temperature systemc
recirculation (valid only up to ceiling heights of 6 m)
8
Outlet from above (ceiling unit)
-0
12
Outlet from vertical (ceiling unit) low
temperature systemd (valid only up to
6-
ceiling heights of 6 m)
201
Warm air Recirculation controlled by two-step
st
with additional controller m
vertical
ko
recirculation or
en
adjustable Recirculation controlled by PI-controller

je
induction outlet
bi
Radiant tube standard Design

ie
heaters
at
improved Design
rm
Luminous heaters standard Design

fo
in
improved Design
de
Radiant ceiling standard Design

panels
or
improved Design
vo
improved design and keeping distances to

T
the wall
EP
Floor heating Without isolation (coverage ≤ 10cm)

C
N
Without isolation (coverage > 10cm)

O
Integrated into the component (minimum

C

series (coverage ≤ 10cm),
Integrated into the component (minimum
series (coverage > 10cm),
Thermally decoupled (U bottom
plate ≤ 0,35 W/(m2K)) and coverage ≤ 10cm
a use Δθctr;1 for not certified products

b use Δθctr ;2 for certified products, alternative Δθctr ;2 can be calculated for TRV-systems based on EN 215
c the outcoming temperature has to be max. 15 K higher than the required internal temperature; the value Δθstr = 1,03 may
only be used for ceiling heights ≤ 6m. For larger ceiling heights the value Δθstr = 2,93 has to be used.
d the outcoming temperature has to be max. 15 K higher than the required internal temperature; the value Δθstr = 1,03 may

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table A.8 — Air temperature gradient for rooms with ceilings heights > 4 m
Emitter System Air temperature
gradient θ’str
[K/m]
Warm air heaters Outlet horizontal (wall unit)
Without additional vertical Outlet horizontal (wall unit) low
recirculation temperature system
(valid only up to ceiling heights of 6 m)
Outlet from above (ceiling unit)
Outlet from above (ceiling unit) low
temperature system (valid only up to
Warm air heaters Recirculation controlled by two-step
With additional vertical controller
8
-0
recirculation Recirculation controlled by PI-
12
controller
6-
01
Radiant tube heaters standard Design
2
improved Designa
st
Luminous heaters standard Design
m
ko
improved Designb
en
je
Radiant ceiling panels standard Design

bi
improved Design
ie
at
improved design and keeping

m
distances to the wall

r
fo
in
Floor heating Without isolation (coverage ≤ 10cm)

de
Without isolation (coverage > 10cm)

or
Integrated into the component

vo
(minimum insulation in accordance

T
with the EN 1264 series

EP
(coverage ≤ 10cm),
C
N
Integrated into the component

O
(minimum insulation in accordance

C
with the EN 1264 series

(coverage > 10cm),
Thermally decoupled (U bottom
plate ≤ 0,35 W/(m K)) and
2
coverage ≤ 10cm
a Improved design radiant tube heaters: feature construction with completely insulated reflector; in
case value for “improved design” is used for heat demand calculation, the product value for radiant factor
RF according to EN 416-2 has to be minimum 0,69.
b Improved design radiant luminous heaters: feature construction with reflector overstreamed by flue
gases; in case value for “improved design” is used for heat demand calculation, the product value for
radiant factor RF according to EN 419-2 has to be minimum 0,69.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table A.9 — Standard product values of Radiant Factors for radiant luminous and radiant tube
heaters in rooms with ceiling heights > 4 m
Heater Classification RF
Radiant tube heater standard
improved designa
Radiant luminous standard
heaters improved designb
a Improved design radiant tube heaters: feature construction with completely
insulated reflector; in case value for “improved design” is used for heat demand
calculation, the product value for radiant factor RF according to EN 416-2 has to be
minimum 0,69.
b Improved design radiant luminous heaters: feature construction with reflector
overstreamed by flue gases; in case value for “improved design” is used for heat
8
demand calculation, the product value for radiant factor RF according to EN 419-2
-0
has to be minimum 0,69.
12
6-
A.8 Temperature variation for room heaters fired by solid fuel
2 01
st
In Table A.10 the temperature variation for room heaters fired by solid fuel are prescribed.
m
ko
Table A.10 — temperature variation for room heaters fired by solid fuel
en
Variation
je
bi
ΔΘstr ΔΘctrl,1 ΔΘctrl,2

ie
at
Used on one single floor

rm
System
fo
Used for 2 floors

in
de
Manual thermostat
Control
or
Room thermostat
vo
T
EP
C
N
O
C

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
A.9 Temperature variation for water based cooling systems; room heights ≤ 4 m
(cooling case)
Table A.11 — temperature variation for cooling systems; room heights ≤ 4 m (cooling case)
Variation
Δθstr Δθctr 0,1a Δθctr,2 b Δθemb
Room space unregulated, with central supply temperature
regulation Master room space or one-pipe heating
Room temperature control
8
P-controller
-0
12
PI-controller
6-
PI-controller (with optimization function, e.g.
01
2
st
System Floor cooling system m
Wall cooling
ko
en
Ceiling cooling
je
Radiators assisted with fan / fan coil unit

bi
ie
- located on the ceiling

at
- located on external wall

rm
fo

in

de
or
vo

T
EP
Temperature variation for consideration of solar and internal gains

C
N
average proportion of window area or internal loads (e.g. residential buildings) Δθe,sol =
O
C
high proportion of window area or internal loads (e.g. office buildings) Δθe,sol =
controls Δθim,ctr =
emitters Δθim,emt =
stand alone ∆θ roomaut =
stand alone with self-adoption start / stop ∆θ roomaut =
networked with self-adoption and interaction ∆θ roomaut =

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
temperature adaptation).
A.10 Auxiliary Energy

In Tables A.12 to A.15 the default values for auxiliary energy components are prescribed.
Table A.12 — default values for electrical power for the control system
Power
W
Electrical control system with electrical motor
actuation
Control
system with Electrical control system with electro thermal
auxiliary actuation
8
-0
energy Pctr
Electrical control system with electromagnetic
12
actuation
6-
01
Table A.13 — default values for electrical power of fans for air supply in room spaces h ≤ 4 m
2
st Power
m
ko
W
en
Fan coils unit

je
Ventilator/
bi
fan Pfan
E- direct heating fan coils unit

ie
at
Storage heating with dynamic discharge

rm
fo
Storage heating with continuous dynamic discharge

in
de
For heating systems in room spaces with a high h > 4 m and decentralized heat generator the system is
or
a part of heat generation and heat emission (Luminous heaters). The complete auxiliary energy is for
vo
such a system a part of heat emission. Default values are given in Table A.14.
T
EP
C
N
O
C

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table A.14 — Standard values for electrical power of fans and for the control system in room
spaces h > 4 m in height (large indoor space buildings) – decentralized system
Power
W
Luminous heaters
Directly heated heat generator (installed
(control and regulation)

Radiant tube heaters up to 50 kW
(control, regulation and fan for combustion air supply)
in the working space)
Radiant tube heaters above 50 kW

PH,aux
Warm air generator with atmospheric burner and recirculation

air axial fan
8
-0
Warm air generator with fan-assisted burner and recirculation
12
air radial ventilator
6-
(control, regulation and fan for combustion air supply, fan for
01
warm air supply)
2
st
m
ko
Qh;b is determined from prEN 12831-1.
en
For heating systems in room spaces with a high h > 4 m and central heat generator and a separate unit
je
for heat emission in the rooms auxiliary energy is needed (indirect air heater). This additional energy is
bi
ie
a part of the heat emission in the room. For such systems Table A.15 gives some default values.
at
Table A.15 — default values for electrical power of fans and for the control system in room
rm
spaces with central heat generator – air heating systems

fo
in
Influence parameters Power

de
W
or
vo
with asynchronous motor

with warm-air return
T
indirect space
EP
with a regulated EC motor

heating with a room
C

N
height ≤ 8 m
without warm-air return
O

C

without warm-air return
indirect space with a regulated EC motor
heating with a room
height > 8 m with asynchronous motor
A.11 Additional Information

Table A.16 shows a classification of the controllers in relation to the EN 15232.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table A.16 — Classification of the controllers in relation to the EN 15232
EN 15232 -
EN 15316–2 series BACS Identifier
function
unregulated, with central supply temperature regulation
Master room space or one-pipe heating
Room temperature control (electromechanical /
electronic)
P-controller
PI-controller
PI-controller (with optimization function, e.g. presence
management, adaptive controller)
8
-0
In Table A.17 the default values for convective fraction fem,conv of the heating/cooling emitter are
12
prescribed.
6-
01
Table A.17 —default values for convective fraction of heating/cooling emitters
2
System
st fem,conv
m
ko
Heating Air heating (convectors, fan coils…)

en
je
Free heating surface (radiators, radiant panels…)

bi
ie
Floor heating, low temperature radiant tube heaters, luminous

at
heaters, wood stoves

rm
fo
Wall heating, radiant ceiling panels, accumulation stoves

in
Ceiling heating, radiant ceiling electric heating

de
or
Cooling Cold air blowing systems (fan coils…)

vo
Chilled beams
T
EP
Ceiling cooling
C
N
Wall cooling
O
C
Floor cooling

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Annex B
(informative)
Default choices, input data and references (additional heating and cooling
losses / auxiliary energy)
B.1 Introduction
All tables in this Annex have the same lay-out as the corresponding tables in the template in Annex A.
But in this Annex B these are filled with a complete set of informative default choices, input data and
references.
NOTE 1 In future versions of this standard some of the informative default values and choices may become
normative.
8
-0
12
NOTE 2 Using the default values will not guarantee consistency of data.
6-
01
NOTE 3 In particular for the application within the context of EU Directives transposed into national legal
2
requirements, the values and choices can be imposed by national / regional regulations. If the values and default
st
choice of Annex B are not adopted because of the regulations, policies or national traditions, it is expected that:
m
ko
— national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices, national or regional
en
input data and references, according to the template in Annex A. In this case the National Annex (e.g.
je
Annex NA, NB, ..) should provide a reference to these specifications;

bi
ie
at
— or, by default, the national standardization body will consider the possibility to prepare a
m
National Annex (e.g. Annex NA, NB, ..)complying with the template of Annex A, that provides choices,
r
fo
national or regional input data and references specified in the legal documents.
in
de
NOTE 4 Where necessary for certain input values to be acquired by the user, a datasheet according to the
template of Annex A may contain a reference to national procedures for assessing the needed input data. For
or
instance to a national assessment protocol comprising decision trees, tables and pre-calculations.
vo
T
NOTE 5 Drafting an application document according to the template in Annex A is open for different situations
EP
e.g. design of new building, certification of new building, renovation of existing building and certification of
C
existing building and for different types of buildings e.g. small or simple buildings and large or complex buildings..
N
O
This can be done by developing different versions this application document. In such application document it is
C
possible to add information about, e.g. applicable national or regional regulations.
If product specific values are available, these may be used instead of the values in following Tables B1 –
B13, compare normative Annex: C.
The default values for temperature variation for hydronic balancing are prescribed in Table B.1.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table B.1 —Default values for temperature variation for hydronic balancing in K
(Performed hydronic balancing with manufacturer's declaration on the balance and in coordination
with EN 14336)
One pipe heating Δθhydr Two pipe heating n ≤ 10 *n > 10
*
Δθhydr Δθhydr
No hydronic balancing 0,7 No hydraulic balancing 0,6

Balanced statically per circuit 0,4 surface (radiator) or embedded heating 0,3 0,4
surface, without group balance
(e.g. with automatic flow 0,3 0,2 0,3
8
surface, with group balance (e.g. with
-0
limiters)
balancing valve)
12
6-
01
2
st
0,2 surface (radiator) and dynamic group 0,1 0,2
m
balance (e.g. with differential pressure
ko
(e.g. return temperature
controller)
en
limitation)
je
bi

Balanced dynamically per free heating
ie

at

m
0,1 surface (e.g. with automatic flow 0,0

r

fo
limiters / differential pressure

(supply-return temperature
in
controllers)
difference)
de
or
*n – number of heat and cooling emission systems (e.g. number of radiators…)

vo
T
B.2 Temperature variation for free heating surfaces (radiators); room

EP
heights ≤ 4 m (heating case)

C
N
O
In Table B.2 the temperature variation for free heating surfaces are described.
C

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table B.2 — Default values for temperature variation for free heating surfaces (radiators) in K;
room heights ≤ 4 m, heating case
Variation
Δθstr Δθctr,1b Δθctr,2 c Δθemb
Room space Unregulated, with central supply 2,5 2,5
temperature temperature regulation
regulation
Master room space or one-pipe heating 2 1,8
Room temperature control 1,8 1,6
P-controller (before 1988) 1,4 1,4

P-controller 1,2 0,7
PI-controller 1,2 0,7
8
-0
PI-controller (with optimization function, 0,9 0,5
12
e.g. presence management, adaptive
6-
controller)
01
Over-temperature Two-pipe heating and one-pipe heating Δθstr;1 Δθstr;2
2
(reference renovatedd
st
Θi = 20 °C)
m
ko
60 K (e.g. 90/70) 1,2
en
42,5 K (e.g. 70/55) 0,7

je
bi
30 K (e.g. 55/45) 0,5

ie
at
20 K (e.g. 45/35) 0,4

m
r
fo
One-pipe heating (not renoveted)

in
60 K (e.g. 90/70) 1,6

de
or
42,5 K (e.g. 70/55) 1,2

vo
Heating systems combined with 0,2

T
mechanical ventilation
EP
C
Fan assisted radiators / fan coil unitse 0

N
O
Specific heat losses Radiator location internal wall 1,3 0

C
via external
components Radiator location external wall
(GF = glass surface - GF without radiation protection 1,7 0
area)
- GF with radiation protection a 1,2 0
- external wall 0,3 0
a The radiation protection shall prevent 80 % of the radiation losses from the heating body to the glass surface area by
means of insulation and/or reflection.
b use Δθctr ;1 for not certified products
c use Δθctr ;2 for certified products, alternative Δθctr ;2 can be calculated for TRV-systems based on EN 215
d one-pipe heating is assumed as renovated, if the flow rate is dynamically controlled depending on the load and the
distribution pipes are insulated
e When heating systems are installed in rooms equipped with mechanical ventilation systems the temperature

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
For Δθstr an average value is to be formed from the data for the main influence parameters “over-
temperature” and “specific heat losses via external components”.
Δθstr = (Δθstr,1 +Δθstr,2)/2 [K] (32)

controls Δθim,ctr = 0,0 K
emitters Δθim,emt = −0,3 K
Temperature variation for radiation effect: Δθrad = 0 K
stand alone ∆θ roomaut = - 0,5 K
stand alone with self-adoption start / stop ∆θ roomaut = −1,0 K
8
-0
∆θ roomaut = −1,2 K
12
6-
01
2
st
m
ko
B.3 Temperature Variation for component integrated heating surfaces (panel

en
heaters) (room heights ≤ 4 m, heating case)

je
bi
ie
In Table B.3, the temperature variation for component integrated heating surfaces (panel heaters)
at
(room heights ≤ 4 m) are prescribed.

rm
fo
in
de
or
vo
T
EP
C
N
O
C

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table B.3 —Default values for temperature variation for component integrated heating surfaces
(panel heaters) in K; room heights ≤ 4 m; heating case
Variation
Δθstr Δθctr,1a Δθctr,2 b Δθemb
Room space Unregulated, with central supply temperature 2,5 2,5
regulation
Master room space 2 1,8
Room temperature control (e.g. 2-step 1,8 1,6
controller)
P-controller (before 1988) 1,4 1,4
P-controller / 2-step controller 1,2 0,7
(hysteresis ≤ ± 0,5 K)
8
-0
PI-controller 1,2 0,7
12
PI-controller (with optimization function, e.g. 0,9 0,5
6-
01
2
Δθemb, Δθemb,
st
System Floor heating m
1 2
ko
- screed system 0
en
- dry system 0 0,7

je
bi
- system with low cover 0 0,4

ie
at
Wall heating 0,4 0,2

rm
fo
Ceiling heating 0,7 0,7

in
de
Heating systems combined with mechanical 0 0,7

ventilationc
or
vo
Specific heat Integrated heating surface without minimum 1,4

T
losses via insulation in accordance with the EN 1264

EP
laying series
C
surfaces
N
Integrated heating surface with minimum 0,5

O

C
series
Integrated heating surface with 100 % better 0,1
insulation than required by the EN 1264 series
c When heating systems are installed in rooms equipped with mechanical ventilation systems the temperature
Δθemb = (Δθemb,1+ Δθemb,2)/2 (33)

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
In Table B.4 the default values for overall temperature variation for thermally activated building
systems (room heights ≤ 4 m) are prescribed.
Table B.4 —Default values for temperature variation for component integrated heating surfaces
(thermally activated building systems) in K; room heights ≤ 4 m; heating case
Variation
Δϑ
Control Constant supply temperature 3
Central supply temperature regulation 2,7

emitters Δθim,emt = −0,2K
8
-0
12
6-
01
Temperature variation for room / space automation
2
st
stand alone ∆θ roomautm = - 0,5 K
ko
stand alone with self-adoption start / stop ∆θ roomaut

en
= −1,0 K
je
networked with self-adoption and interaction ∆θ roomaut

bi
= −1,2 K
ie
at
m
r
fo
in
de
B.4 Temperature variation for air heating systems; room heights ≤ 4 m (heating
or
case)
vo
T
For air heating systems the calculation has to be done with the following values:
EP
C
Air heating system (mixing case) Δθstr = 0,0 K.

N
O
Δθctr,1 = according to Table B.2

C
Δθctr,2 = according to Table B.2

Δθemb = 0K
emitters Δθim,emt = 0,0 K
stand alone with self-adoption start / stop ∆θ roomaut = −1,0 K

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
networked with self-adoption and interaction ∆θ roomaut = −1,2 K

B.5 Temperature Variation for electrical heating (room heights ≤ 4 m, heating

case)
In Table B.5 the default values for temperature variation for electrical heating (room heights ≤ 4 m) are
prescribed.
Table B.5 —Temperature variation for electrical heating and air heating systems in K (room
Variation
Influence parameters Δθ
8
-0
12
Air heating with zone control P-controller (1 K) 1,2
6-
Air heating with central master control and pilot room control including
01
1,1
supplementary heating with single-room control P-controller (1K)
2
st
E- direct heating P-controller (1 K) or air heating with single-room 1,1
m
External wall region
ko
en
E- direct heating PI-controller (with optimization) or air heating with 0,7

je

bi
ie
Storage heating unregulated without external temperature dependent

at
2,7
m
charging
r
fo
Storage heating P-controller (1 K) with external temperature dependent

in
1,5
charging
de
or

1,1
vo

T
Air heating with zone control P-controller (1 K) 1,6

EP
C
Air heating with central master control and pilot room control including
N
1,5
supplementary heating with single-room control P-controller (1K)
O
C
E- direct heating P-controller (1 K) or air heating with single-room 1,5

Internal wall region
E- direct heating PI-controller (with optimization) or air heating with 1,1
Storage heating unregulated without external temperature dependent
3,1
charging
Storage heating P-controller (1 K) with external temperature dependent
1,9
charging
1,5
Ventilation Systems with supply air temperature below the room temperature 0,0

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Temperature variation for intermittent operation: Δθim = −0,3 K (to be used for electrical heating
systems with an integrated feedback control system)
B.6 Temperature Variation air heating (ventilation systems, room heights ≤ 4 m,

heating case)
In Table B.6 the default values for temperature variation Δθ for air heating (non-domestic ventilation
systems) (room heights ≤ 4 m) are prescribed.
Table B.6 —Default values for temperature variation for air heating (ventilation systems) in K;
room heights ≤ 4 m; heating case
Δθ
System configuration Control parameter
8
Low quality of High quality of
-0
control control
12
6-
Room space temperature 1,8 1,3
01
Additional heating in Room space temperature
2
st
the incoming air (cascade control of incoming m 1,2 1,0
(additional heater) air temperature)
ko
en
Exhaust air temperature 1,9 1,5

je
Recirculation air
bi
ie
heating (induction
at
equipment,
m
Room space temperature 1,1 0,7

r
ventilator
fo
convectors, fan coil

in
units)
de
or
vo
Temperature variation intermittent operation: Δθim = 0 K

T
EP

C
N
O
B.7 Temperature variation for room spaces with heights > 4 m (large indoor
C
space buildings, heating case)

In Table B.7 the default values for temperature variation for room spaces with heights ≥ 4 m are
prescribed.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table B.7 — Default values for temperature variation for room spaces with heights > 4 m in K;
heating case (Reference case: ceiling height 10 m, standard product values radiant factors of
luminous and tube heaters)
variation
Δθctr,1a Δθctr,2 b Δθemb
Unregulated 2,5 2,5
Two-step controller 1,8 1,6
Room space
P-controller 1,2 0,7
temp.
regulation PI-controller 1,2 0,7
PI-controller with 0,9 0,5
optimization
Warm air Outlet horizontal (wall unit) 0
without additional Outlet horizontal (wall unit) low 0
vertical temperature systemc
recirculation (valid only up to ceiling heights of 6 m)
8
-0
Outlet from above (ceiling unit) 0
12
Outlet from vertical (ceiling unit) low 0
6-
temperature systemd (valid only up to
01
2
st
Warm air Recirculation controlled by two-step m 0
with additional controller
ko
vertical 0
en
recirculation or
Recirculation controlled by PI-controller
je
adjustable
bi
induction outletg
ie
at
Radiant tube standard Design 0

m
heaters
improved Designh 0
r
fo
in
Luminous heaters standard Design 0

de
improved Designi 0
or
Radiant ceiling standard Design 0,5

vo
panels
improved Design 0,3
T
EP
improved design and keeping distances to 0

the wall
C
N
Floor heating Without isolation (coverage ≤ 10cm) 1,4

O
C
Without isolation (coverage > 10cm) 1,9

Integrated into the component (minimum 0,5
Thermally decoupled (U bottom 0
a use Δθctr;1 for not certified products

c the outcoming temperature has to be max. 15 K higher than the required internal temperature; the value Δθstr = 1,03 may
d the outcoming temperature has to be max. 15 K higher than the required internal temperature; the value Δθstr = 1,03 may

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table B.8 — Air temperature gradient for rooms with ceilings heights > 4 m
Emitter System Air temperature

gradient θ’str
[K/m]
Warm air heaters Outlet horizontal (wall unit) 1,0
Without additional vertical Outlet horizontal (wall unit) low 0,35
recirculation temperature systemc
(valid only up to ceiling heights of 6 m)
Outlet from above (ceiling unit) 0,60
Outlet from above (ceiling unit) low 0,35
temperature systemd (valid only up to ceiling
heights of 6 m)
8
Warm air heaters Recirculation controlled by two-step 0,35
-0
With additional vertical controller
12
6-
recirculation Recirculation controlled by PI-controller 0,25
2 01
Radiant tube heaters standard Design 0,2
st
improved Designa
m 0,2
ko
Luminous heaters standard Design 0,2

en
je
improved Designb 0,2

bi
ie
Radiant ceiling panels standard Design 0,4

at
m
improved Design 0,3

r
fo
in
improved design and keeping distances to 0,3

de
the wall
or
Floor heating Without isolation (coverage ≤ 10cm) 0,1

vo
Without isolation (coverage > 10cm) 0,1

T
EP

C
N

O

C

Thermally decoupled (U bottom 0,1
a Improved design radiant tube heaters: feature construction with completely insulated reflector; in case value for
“improved design” is used for heat demand calculation, the product value for radiant factor RF according to EN 416-2
b Improved design radiant luminous heaters: feature construction with reflector overstreamed by flue gases; in
case value for “improved design” is used for heat demand calculation, the product value for radiant factor RF
according to EN 419-2 has to be minimum 0,69.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table B.9 — Standard product values of Radiant Factors for radiant luminous and radiant tube
heaters in rooms with ceiling heights > 4 m
Heater Classification RF
Radiant tube heater standard 0,55
improved design1 0,69
Radiant luminous standard 0,55
heaters
improved design2 0,69
a Improved design radiant tube heaters: feature construction with completely
insulated reflector; in case value for “improved design” is used for heat demand
calculation, the product value for radiant factor RF according to EN 416-2 has to be
minimum 0,69.
b Improved design radiant luminous heaters: feature construction with reflector
overstreamed by flue gases; in case value for “improved design” is used for heat
8
-0
demand calculation, the product value for radiant factor RF according to EN 419-2
12
6-
01
B.8 Temperature variation for room heaters fired by solid fuel
2
st
m
In Table B.10 the temperature variation for room heaters fired by solid fuel are prescribed.
ko
Table B.10 —temperature variation for room heaters fired by solid fuel
en
je
Variation
bi
ie
ΔΘstr ΔΘctrl,1 ΔΘctrl,2

at
rm
Used on one single floor 0,9

fo
System
in
Used for 2 floors 1,4

de
Manual thermostat 2,5 2,5

or
Control
vo
Room thermostat 2 2
T
EP
C
N
O
C

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
B.9 Temperature variation for water based cooling systems; room heights ≤ 4 m
(cooling case)
Table B.11 — temperature variation for cooling systems; room heights ≤ 4 m (cooling case)
Variation
Δθstr Δθctr 0,1a Δθctr,2 b Δθemb
Room space unregulated, with central supply temperature −2,5 −2,5
regulation
Master room space or one-pipe heating −2 −1,8
Room temperature control −1,8 −1,6
P-controller (before 1988) −1,4 −1,4
8
-0
12
P-controller −1,2 −0,7
6-
PI-controller −1,2 −0,7
2 01
PI-controller (with optimization function, e.g. −0,9 −0,5
st
m
ko
System Floor cooling system −0,7 □ −0,7

en
je
Wall cooling −0,4 −0,7

bi
ie
Ceiling cooling 0 −0,2

at
m
Radiators assisted with fan / fan coil unit

r
fo
- located on the ceiling 0 0

in
de
- located on external wall −0,4 0

or
vo

T

EP
C
N
Temperature variation for consideration of solar and internal gains

O
C
average proportion of window area or internal loads (e.g. residential buildings) Δθe,sol = 8 K
high proportion of window area or internal loads (e.g. office buildings) Δθe,sol = 12 K
controls Δθim,ctr = - 0,3 K
emitters Δθim,emt = 0 K
stand alone with self-adoption ∆θ roomaut = −1,0 K

start / stop

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
networked with self-adoption and ∆θ roomaut = −1,2 K

interaction
B.10 Auxiliary Energy

In Tables B.12 to B.15 the default values for auxiliary energy components are prescribed.
Table B.12 —default values for electrical power for the control system
Power
W
Electrical control system with electrical motor 0,1 (per
actuation actuator)
8
Control
-0
system with Electrical control system with electro thermal 1,0 (per
12
auxiliary actuation actuator)
6-
energy Pctr
01
Electrical control system with electromagnetic 1,0 (per
2
actuation actuator)
st
m
Table B.13 — default values for electrical power of fans for air supply in room spaces h ≤ 4 m
ko
en
Power
je
W
bi
ie
at
Fan coils unit 10

m
Ventilator/
r
fan Pfan
E- direct heating fan coils unit 10

fo
in
Storage heating with dynamic discharge 12

de
Storage heating with continuous dynamic discharge 12

or
vo
For heating systems in room spaces with a high h > 4 m and decentralized heat generator the system is
T
EP
a part of heat generation and heat emission (Luminous heaters). The complete auxiliary energy is for
such a system a part of heat emission. Default values are given in Table B.14.
C
N
O
C

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table B.14 —Standard values for electrical power of fans and for the control system in room
spaces h > 4 m in height (large indoor space buildings) – decentralized system
Power
W
Luminous heaters(control and regulation) 25 (per unit)
(installed in the working space)
Directly heated heat generator
Radiant tube heaters up to 50 kW (control, regulation and fan

80 (per unit)
for combustion air supply)
Radiant tube heaters above 50 kW (control, regulation and fan 100 (per
for combustion air supply) unit)
PH,aux
Warm air generator with atmospheric burner and recirculation

air axial fan (control, regulation and fan for combustion air 0,014 · Q h,b
supply)
Warm air generator with fan-assisted burner and recirculation
8
-0
air radial ventilator (control, regulation and fan for combustion 0,022 · Q h,b
12
air supply, fan for warm air supply)
6-
01
Qh;b is determined from prEN 12831-1.
2
st
For heating systems in room spaces with a high h > 4 m and central heat generator and a separate unit
m
ko
for heat emission in the rooms auxiliary energy is needed (indirect air heater). This additional energy is
en
a part of the heat emission in the room. For such systems Table B.15 gives some default values.
je
Table B.15 — default values for electrical power of fans and for the control system in room
bi
spaces with central heat generator – air heating systems

ie
at
m
Power
r
fo
W
in
de
with asynchronous motor 0,008· Q h,b

or
indirect space with a regulated EC motor 0,004· Q h,b

vo
heating with a
warm-air with asynchronous motor 0,009· Q h,b
T
room height ≤ 8 m without

EP
return with a regulated EC motor 0,005· Q h,b

C
N
warm-air with asynchronous motor 0,012· Q h,b

O
without
C
indirect space return with a regulated EC motor 0,006· Q h,b

heating with a
room height > 8 m with asynchronous motor 0,013· Q h,b
with a regulated EC motor 0,007· Q h,b
B.11 Additional Information

Table B.16 shows a classification of the controllers in relation to the EN 15232.

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Table B.16 — Classification of the controllers in relation to the EN 15232
EN 15232 —
EN 15316–2 BACS Identifier
function
unregulated, with central supply temperature regulation 0 HEAT_EMIS_CTRL_DEF
Master room space or one-pipe heating 1
Room temperature control (electromechanical / 1
electronic) 1
P-controller (before 1988) 1
P-controller 2–3
PI-controller 4
PI-controller (with optimization function, e.g. presence
management, adaptive controller)
8
-0
In Table B.17 the default values for convective fraction fem,conv of the heating/cooling emitter are
12
prescribed.
6-
01
Table B.17 —default values for convective fraction of heating/cooling emitters
2
System
st fem,conv
m
ko
Heating Air heating (convectors, fan coils…) 0,95

en
je
Free heating surface (radiators, radiant panels…) 0,70

bi
ie
Floor heating, low temperature radiant tube heaters, luminous 0,50

at
heaters, wood stoves

rm
fo
Wall heating, radiant ceiling panels, accumulation stoves 0,35

in
Ceiling heating, radiant ceiling electric heating 0,20

de
or
Cooling Cold air blowing systems (fan coils…) 0,95

vo
Chilled beams 0,80

T
EP
Ceiling cooling 0,50

C
N
Wall cooling 0,35

O
C
Floor cooling 0,20

FprEN 15316-2:2016 (E)
Bibliography
[1] LEBRUN J., MARRET D. “Thermal comfort and energy consumption in winter conditions -Continuation
of the experimental study”. ASHRAE Trans. 1979, II,Vol.85
[2] OLESEN B.W., KJERULF-JENSEN P. “Energy consumption in a room heated by different methods”. Proc.
of Second International CIB Symposium on Energy Conservation in the Built Environment,
Copenhagen, 1979
[3] OLESEN B.W., THORSHAUGE J. Differences in comfort sensations in spaces heated in different ways.
Danish experiments. In: Indoor Climate, (FANGER P.O., VALBJORN O., eds.). Danish Building
Research Institute, Copenhagen, 1979
[4] Olesen; B. W., E. Mortensen., J. Thorshauge, and B. Berg-Munch: “Thermal comfort in a room heated
by different methods”. ASHRAE Transactions 86 (1), 1980
8
[5] Olesen, B.W.: “Energy consumption and thermal comfort in a room heated by different methods”.
-0
CLIMA-2000, Budapest, 198
12
6-
[6] BAUER M. Methoden zur Berechnung und Bewertung des Energieaufwandes für die Nutzenübergabe
01
bei Warmwasserheizungen, PhD – Thesis, University Stuttgart,1999
2
st
m
[7] KREMONKE A., RICHTER W. Energetische Kennwerte von Heizungsanlagen - Wärmeabgabe und
ko
Regelung, Forschungsbericht. TU Dresden, 1997

en
je
[8] SEIFERT J. Zum Einfluss von Luftströmungen auf die thermischen und aerodynamischen Verhältnisse
bi
in und an Gebäuden, PhD – Thesis, TU Dresden, 2005

ie
at
m
[9] Seifert, J., Felsmann, C. Richter, W.: Ganzheitlicher energetischer Vergleich von Heizungsanlagen für
r
fo
Niedrigenergiehäuser Teil 1 + 2, Forschungsbericht, TU Dresden, 2004

in
de
[10] EN 60675, Household electric direct-acting room heaters - Methods for measuring performance (IEC
or
60675)
vo
[11] EN 215, Thermostatic radiator valves - Requirements and test methods

T
EP
[12] RICHTER W., KNORR M. Seifert, J.: Energieoptimiertes Bauen Energetische Gesamtanalyse, Bewertung
C
N
und Verbesserung von komplexen HLK-Systemen für Wohngebäude unter Berücksichtigung

O
wärmephysiologischer Aspekte. TU Dresden, 2011

C
[13] prCEN/TR 15316-6-2, Energy performance of buildings — Method for calculation of system energy
requirements and system efficiencies — Part 6-2: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-2,
Module M3-5, M4-5
[14] EN ISO 13790, Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy use for space heating and
cooling (ISO 13790)
[15] prEN 15316-3, Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy
requirements and system efficiencies - Part 3: Space distribution systems (DHW, heating and
cooling), Module M3-6, M4-6, M8-6
[16] EN 15232, Energy performance of buildings - Impact of Building Automation, Controls and
Building Management


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EUROPEAN STANDARD FINAL DRAFT

NORME EUROPÉENNE FprEN 15316-2

ICS 91.140.10 Will supersede EN 15316-2-1:2007

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of

Centre has the same status as the official versions.

provide supporting documentation.

shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

6.3 Input data ........................................................................................................................................................ 11

6.3.1 Source of data ................................................................................................................................................ 11

6.3.2 Product data (technical data) .................................................................................................................. 11

6.3.3 Configuration and system design data ................................................................................................. 13

6.3.4 Operating or boundary conditions ........................................................................................................ 13

6.4 Monthly and yearly calculation procedure ......................................................................................... 13

6.4.1 Applicable calculation interval ............................................................................................................... 13

6.4.2 Operating conditions calculation ........................................................................................................... 13

6.4.3 Energy calculation (additional heating / cooling losses) .............................................................. 13

6.4.4 Auxiliary energy calculation .................................................................................................................... 17

6.5 Hourly calculation procedure.................................................................................................................. 18

6.5.1 Applicable calculation interval ............................................................................................................... 18

6.5.2 Operating conditions calculation ........................................................................................................... 18

6.5.3 Energy calculation (additional heating / cooling losses) .............................................................. 18

7 Quality control .............................................................................................................................................. 22

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.

This document will supersede EN 15316-2-1:2007.

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

The calculation method is used for the following applications:

applying the method to several possible options;

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

NOTE So in this case:

— the regulators will specify the choices;

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

Table 1 — Position of this standard in the modular structure

Services and Energy Storage and control

8 Building Partitioning 8 8 Generation

8–1 Combustion boilers

15316– 15316– 15316–

Thermal solar 15316– 15316– 15316–

15316– 15316– 15316–

8–4 On-site cogeneration

District heating and 15316– 15316– 15316–

cooling 4-5 4-5 4-5

8–6 Direct electrical heater

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

EN 442 (all parts), Radiators and convectors

General framework and procedures

3 Terms and definitions

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

— timer function and self-adoption / self-optimization;

4 Symbols and abbreviations

special symbols shown in Table 3.

emb embedded im intermittent pmp pump

fan fan ini initial rad radiant

emt emitter inc increased str stratification