Manual Metal Arc Gouging
Manual Metal Arc Gouging
Manual Metal Arc Gouging
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The main advantage of manual metal arc (MMA) gouging is that the same power
source can be used for welding, gouging, or cutting, simply by changing the type of
electrode.
Process description
As in conventional MMA welding, the arc is formed between the tip of the
electrode and the workpiece. MMA gouging differs because it requires special
purpose electrodes with thick flux coatings to generate a strong arc force and gas
stream. Unlike MMA welding where a stable weld pool must be maintained, this
process forces the molten metal away from the arc zone to leave a clean cut
surface.
generated to eject the molten metal. However, because the arc/gas stream is not
as powerful as a gas or a separate air jet, the surface of the gouge is not as smooth
Electrode
diameters available to choose from. These grooving electrodes are also not just
restricted to steels, and the same electrode composition may be used for gouging
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Power source
MMA gouging can be carried out using conventional DC and AC power sources. In
may well recommend electrode polarity for their brand of electrodes and for
Although most MMA welding power sources can be used for gouging, the current
rating and OCV must be capable of accommodating current surges and longer arc
lengths.
Gouging dimensions
Electrode Current Gouging speed
diameter (mm) (A) Depth Width (mm/min)
(mm) (mm)
Operational characteristics
The arc is struck with an electrode which is held at a normal angle to the
workpiece (15 degrees backwards from the vertical plane in line with proposed
degrees to the plate surface. With the arc pointing in the direction of travel, the
electrode is pushed forward slightly to melt the metal. It should then be pulled
back to allow the gas jet to displace the molten metal and slag. This forward and
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backward motion is repeated as the electrode is guided along the line to complete
the gouge.
To produce a consistent depth and width of gouge, a uniform rate of travel must
electrode angle becomes too steep, in excess of about 20 degrees, the amount of
slag and molten metal will increase. This is a result of the arc penetrating too
deeply. Digging the electrode into the metal causes problems in controlling the
gouging operation and will produce a rough surface profile. For gouging in
positions other than vertical, the electrode is always pushed forward. With vertical
Application
MMA gouging is used for localised gouging operations, removal of defects for
alternative gouging processes, metal removal rates are low and the quality of the
When correctly applied, MMA gouging can produce relatively clean gouged
surfaces. For general applications, welding can be carried out without the need to
dress by grinding. However when gouging stainless steel, a thin layer of higher
This Job Knowledge article was originally published in Connect, July/August 1995. It
has been updated so the web page no longer reflects exactly the printed version.
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