Joint SEAD PICE Handout PDF

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
OF FOUR STORY REINFORCED CONCRETE

BUILDING
using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010
SIIANG FENG L. LIU

EL VI L. SORRERA
REYNALDO 0. AQUITANIA
ALLAN E. BOTUYAN
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION or DAVAO, INC.
_j
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FOUR STORY REINFORCED CONCRETE
BUILDING USING STAAD PRO AND THE NSCP 2010
Copyright@2011, The Structural Engineers Association of Davao, Inc.

All rights reserved. This publication or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any
form without the written permission of the Structural Engineers Association of Davao,
Inc. (SEAD).
Structural Engineers Association of Davao, Inc. (SEAD)
B & L Building, Beside Davao River Bridge

Diversion Road, Davao City,
8000 Philippines
Telefax No. : (082) 241-2886

E-mail Address : sead.tech@yahoo.com
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Page
MODULE 01: Structure Modeling 1

Shang Feng L. Liu, PICE, SEAD
MODULE 02: Application of Primary Loading 16

Elvi L. Sorrera, Civil Engineer, MBA
MODULE OJ: Load Combination and Analysis 45

Reynaldo 0. Aquitania, MSCE, ASEP, SEAD
MODULE 04: Design and Detailing 62

Allan E. Botuyan, MSCE, ASEP, SEAD
APPENDICES: 89
Appendix A: Floor Plan and Elevation 90
Appendix B: STAAD Pro Command File 92
Appendix C: STAAD Models 99
THE AUTHORS 101
SPONSORS 104
l' Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 01- Structure
Modeling
MODULE 01: STRUCTURE MODELING

Shang Feng L. Liu, PICE, SEAD
I Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

1
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD.Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 01 - Structure
Modeling
MODULE 01: STRUCTURE MODELING
Shang Feng Liu, PICE, SEAD
1. INTRODUCTION
Structural design of buildings whether it is a concrete or steel structure must satisfy safety
and serviceability criteria. For a structure to be safe, it must have adequate strength and
ductility to resist occasional and extreme load such as earthquake or wind load. To ensure
structural performance, functionality must be met without causing excessive deflections.
An accurate prediction of the behavior of a structure subjected to external loadings is

essential in the design of new structures and analysis of existing structures. In order to
perform a structural analysis, the designer must model the structure to a greater or lesser
degree of accuracy representing the structure, depending on the complexity and the
computational tools at hand. If .the modeling and the assumptions applied in the structural
analysis are in close agreement with the actual conditions, such analysis can often produce
results that are in reasonable agreement with the performance in service. Structural modeling
must be done with the clear understanding of the structural load-carrying mechanism which
are involved and an appreciation for essential behavior versus unimportant details. In some
cases, modeling is re]atively routine, while in others, it may require a great deal of skill and
experience.
This paper will present the modeling of a Four Story Reinforced Concrete office building. It
will be modeled in a three dimensional space frame in STAAD Pro software. The structure
model requires initial sizing of members such as beams and columns and application of
member specifications. The sizing of the members shall be based on the NSCP 2010 and ACI
318-05. Proper modeling of actual structure must be given due importance such that the
actual behavior of the structure subjected to various loads must be accurately represented in
the analytical model within the STAAD Pro environment. In doing so, the stress results
would be reliably used in the design of the members such as columns and beams.
A brief discussion on slab modeling using master/slave specification to simulate the

diaphragm effect is presented. The use of the command "MEMBER RELEASE"
specification in the structure modeling will be effective in the load distribution of the
structure such as beams resisting gravity loads only is also discussed.
Modeling of foundation components such as footings and tied beams are excluded in this
presentation as this would require a significant time for an in-depth treatment and discussion.
2. MODELING OF STRUCTURE
The first step to the structural analysis is to model the structure either in two-dimensional or
three- dimensional frame. The determination of the stresses of structural components using a
2-D frame system can be easily achieved by manual computation while a 3-D system needs
the use of computer computational tools. However, as previously mentioned, in order to have
I' Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference
2
Modeling
results close to the actual performance, a three dimensional system is best suited to represent
the actual model.
The STAAD Pro Software is capable of modeling complex three dimensional structures or
space frame, in which, for this case, is being utilized as a tool in modeling and analyze the
structure as shown in the picture below.
1JJ~E.<lil:·.~ 1...is. s.i,,u-~~~ Aaalyu Mod,_w...~~··~••cd---;:_~,-~,---~=~~~~ •=• _ . """·~·~·.-J.:;.!~Lx..

· B11 ~ Iii liil Gi:, 1 t1. ,::::!--::~ 1-Q;'i]-@--i~--- :1e ll iia •~It[} j!: □ a.~ Ht!,.,""" t6- ;i 1 .lt Ai ie a-oe t" ffri . .,., i1' 1;01. jt
jBJ@ ~-@@@ 6H.~ ,j, '1>.-!) (;, ~ i;G i Q Ea@, e. ®.";:i~a_oo, ~ Q-~ii;~~~1-~£1SMICINXDIRI ,l!_!J --- ------- -- --
/! I+ ~ '•-. ll If+ ■ 1111111.J :. TO II . _liol!( cK -41- G.l~i::~iJ!'.' -,, ? ;:,_ ';; 9' <fl I! " , ___:_ - -;-Ill IE j__ _
~ lledellilg •• ''
!tt) •
11;1
li]•t. _.:_
9
llil; i
~ j
1ft ,It
:J
+ ,..
-•:nm .
LoeH' 1
=-;r,,=,,,=,",,-::;
ModdmgMol04d1,lOAOCA5El . ~;;
=.. 1++: ·i
To analyze the behavior of the structural members such as the relationship between the
external load and the internal stresses and deformation, certain idealization is necessary by
converting members to such a form that the analysis of their behavior become possible.
These idealizations include mathematical model that represents the type of structural
members being assumed and the structural support conditions as illustrated in figure 2.1.
1' Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

3
Modeling
-- -~
JOISTS
.A
~-~
...
F'LOOR
- ~
·~ - ....
- ... - .... - - --
I _j_
I rr
I WALL GIRDER WALL--_.. I
I - I
(ol
JOIST
REACTIONS
GIRDER
GIRDER REACTION
REACTION
(b)
Figure 2.1 Idealization (a) joist and girder framing (b) concentrated load on single span
To better understand the modeling of members, a brief discussion on the types of structural
frame and the degrees of freedom in a line element is presented.
Type of structural frames and number of degrees of freedom

a. Space frame - six (6) degrees of freedom (ux, uy, uz, x, 0y, Oz) per node
b. Plane frame- three (3) degrees of freedom (ux, uy, 0z) per node
c. Trusses-two (2) degrees of freedom (ux, uy) per node
•
•
•
(a) (b) (c)
A degree of freedom (DOF) is defined as a direction where deformation is allowed at a joint

or node. All line elements representing beams and columns are connected at joints or nodes.
For a line element in a space frame, there are six (6) DOF's per node: ux, uy, uz, 0x, 0y, 0z.
Where ux, uy, uz are translations along x, y, and z local axes, respectively and
0x, 0y, 0z are the rotations about x, y, and z local axes, respectively.
4
Modeling
A degree of freedom is FREE when it is allowed to translate, say in the x- direction. That
means ux is not equal to zero (0) defonnation. On the other hand, it is NOT FREE when it is
not allowed to translate, that is ux is equal to zero (0) deformation. The same is applied with
rotational degrees of freedom.
For every line element there are two (2) nodes: the START NODE and the END NODE. The
local x-axis is the connection between the START NODE and the END NODE with the start
NODE being the origin of the local axis. For every DOF, there is an equivalent force or
moment. Such as ux➔Px, uy➔Py, uz➔Pz, are translations and corresponding forces. Also
ex ➔Mx, 8y➔ My, 8z ➔ Mz are rotations and corresponding moments.
Where,
Px - Axial force at the node
Py, Pz - Shear forces at node
Mx -Torsion
My,Mz- Bending Moment about y and z axes
End node 2
uy2
8yl
Type of structural members:

a. Axial member - subjected only to tension or compression forces (i.e.
brace and struts, concentrically loaded columns)
b. Torsional members - subjected to twisting moment or torque
c. Flexural members - members that are subjected to bending moments and
shear (i.e. beams, eccentrically loaded column)
For this presentation, the structure is modeled as a SPACE FRAME with the beams and
columns being idealized as line elements and the supports are modeled as fixed on the
office building. While it is true that modeling the real form of a structure is very
complicated, Staad Pro software has a way to imitate the actual condition or its idealized
form by applying member specifications such, beta angles, member releases, member
offset and master/slave specifications.

5
Modeling
3.0 MEMBER SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 Beta angles

When assigning member properties to the model, one must be careful to
examine the orientation of the section's principal axis so that the desired
position is correctly in-placed. The use of beta angle to change the orientation
of the members is illustrated in this section.
FIGURES (a. and b.) SHOWS THE DEFAULT ORIENTATION OF MEMBER
······~·...
! 0 ·•··•·.•.. 0-............._. Default orientation of the member
0" -,
... aligns with the global axis
aa □
Ia 'o, ,
~··-.~
Global axis 0 □ Local-z .. L I
0 0
Local-z
-...
····-.... · ...
oca -y
···//
Beta angl
... g. ............... r.< ............... J....,L. ..................... ···•...

·-----,
column orientation needs
to correct
(a) Isometric view of the structure (b.) Plan of column orientation
Figure below illustrates corrected orientation of the member
Global z-axis
-,- I
(a) Isometric view of the column orientation --~:

corrected orientation of the member
using beta angle

6
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD.Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 01- Structure
Modeling
3.2 Member Release
In STAAD Pro modeling, members are assumed to be rigidly framed into

joints in accordance with the structural type specified such as space frame.
This means that by default, STAAD assumes that the connection between any
two members to be fully capable of transmitting all 3 forces and all 3
moments from one member to the other. This type of connection can be
i11ustrated in actual practice such as the concrete beam-column connection that
is monolithically cast.
Should one desire that the connection to be of the type which does not permit
one or more forces/moments to be transmitted to the other member,
MEMBER RELEASE can be used to communicate that information to
STAAD program stating the "start" or "end" of the member that has such
connection. A good example of members that usually does not permit the
transfer of momeJ1ts to the other member are intermediate beams and hinged
connected members. These beams usually are modeled to carry gravity loads
only.
Figure below illustrates of the use of Member Release
Mx,y,z=0
Member end
moment
released
,,.,.;---- Moment resisting

connection; then
Member start Mx,y,z is not zero
moment
released
As explained earlier, the node in a member of the moment resisting frame has
six degrees of freedom and is represented by three forces, Fx, Fy, Fz and three
moments Mx, My, Mz. Take note that the degrees of freedom Fx through Mz
that can be release are based on the local axis of the member at whose end the
released is specified. Use of partial release of the moment can simulate semi-
rigid connection and can also prevent joint instability. Only the moment
degrees of freedom can be partially released.
1 Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference
7
Modeling
3.2 Member Offset
When creating a model consisting of beams and columns, generally, the

START or END face of the member is assumed to be located at the nodal
point. In other words, the distance from the respective node to the START or
END face of the member is treated as zero. Thus, for example, if nodes 11 and
12 are connected by MEMBER 1, then, the start face of the member is located
at node 11, and the end face at node 12.
~ode 12
Member# I
Node 11 "::a.. ,/
--------------------
----------2on-------------<~
V\1thout Offsets
This assumption may not always reflect the true physical condition on the
structure. For example, when a beam meets a column, the common node
between the beam and column is usually defined as being at the shear center
(centerline for symmetrically shaped) of the column.
Common Node Common Node

'\.
---------20ft---------.. .
Rigid Zone Rigid Zone
15 inches 13 inches

8
Modeling
But, physically, the start face of the beam is not at that node, but at half the
column depth away from the node. One may choose to ignore this "shift" if
the column depth is negligible in comparison to the span of the beam.
However, if one wishes to take advantage of the high stiffness that the half-
depth region of the column offers, then using the member offset command
may be considered. The member offset is a way of declaring that the region,
whose length is defined by the offset, is a rigid zone.
Start Face End Face
Effective span= 17 ft- 8 in
15 in. Offset
-----------20ft----------
With Offsets
The member end forces that STAAD reports are at the face of the member,
not at the node, when an offset is specified. If the offset is applied at the base
of a column, then the member end force may not be equal in magnitude to the
corresponding support reaction terms. If one is interested in checking static
equilibrium based on the free body diagram at that support, the member end
forces must be transferred from the member face to the support node taking
into consideration the rigid link defined by the offset
4. MASTER/SLAVE SPECIFICATION
Concrete slabs in a building behave rigidly along the plane of the slab in every story. It
means that the beams are restrained against axial deformation as well as lateral bending
because of the in-plane restraints provided by the slab connected to the beams. Thus, the
relative positions of the beams connected at the joint will not change. Any point located
within the slab wil1 remain its relative position to other points within the same plane.
To attain the diaphragm effect of the floor, it is imperative to employ the

"MASTER/SLAVE" specification. Since the floor is oriented in the Z-X plane, the
specification SLAVE ZX command shall be used. This specification is equivalent to stating
that the degrees-of-freedom (DOF's) ux, uz, and 0y in the joints, within the same slab level,
are restrained (i.e., NOT FREE) relative to a joint, called the MASTER NODE, in the same
floor or slab level. Restraining these degrees of freedom would mean that member

9
Modeling
deformations are also not allowed in these nodes. Therefore, there wilJ be no member stresses
at the nodes equivalent to Fx, Fz, and My stresses.
At every floor level there is one MASTER NODE linking all other nodes as SLAVE
NODES.
Since the relative position of all connecting beams at the node within the floor level, the
MASTER NODE can be arbitrarily selected and the other nodes are selected as SLAVES.
The importance of MASTER SLAVE specification should be emphasized in the modeling of
building structures for the following reasons:
1. The lateral forces will be properly distributed to the columns according to their
stiffness.
2. In actual buildings, beams and girders integrated with the slab do not experience
lateral bending and axial deformations. Therefore the model is realistic.
3. Not using the MASTER SLAVE specification will underestimate the moments in
the columns.
Figure showing effects ofMASTER/SLA VE specifications
i
i'
\I
1,
L
j 1,-,~1 r_:...,,i.,......,,.,.,,i
"'
W!r,o:,r~r,,ta ... ~
Should the designer choose to model the slabs as plate elements, the model cannot guarantee
a rigid floor diaphragm without using the MASTER SLAVE specification. It will contribute
certain in-plane rigidity, but not a fully-rigid floor diaphragm because the plate element is a
thin plate element allowing out-of-plane as well as in-plane deformation.
Furthermore, caution must be exercised in using plate as a floor due to its load transfer
mechanism of the plate. Because plate is a 3 or 4-noded element, the connection between the
beam and the plates must be carefully establish. In STAAD program, the mechanism of the
load transfer is through the nodes, hence, if the plate is not properly dissected or discretized
into small plate elements and is properly connected to the beam, the load from the plate
cannot transfer to the beam.

10
Modeling
In
P/4
Pl
(a) 4-noded plate element used to represent slab (b) Discretized plate element for proper load
transfer from slab to beam
GRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATION OF PLATES ELEMENTS
5. SUPPORTS
Supports are specified as PINNED, FIXED, or FIXED with different releases (known as
FIXED BUT). A PINNED support has restraints against all translational movement and none
against rotational movement. In other words, a PINNED support will have reactions for all
forces but will resist no moments. A FIXED support has restraints against all directions of
movement.
In this paper, since much emphasis is given to the design and analysis of the super structure,
the supports are modeled as FIXED supports.
FX~M=O FX~Mz,Myis not 0 FX=O;&=O

NZ=O
NZ
a. Pinned support b. Fixed support c. Roller support
7. MEMBER SIZES
The STAAD Pro Software accommodates any size assigned to members without validation
with respect to any code. One must be responsible to establish reasonable member sizes
according to the governing CODE requirements.
Member sizing for concrete structures is very straight forward compare to steel structure
which maybe a little complicated. The member sizes for reinforced concrete structures are
usually dictated by its deflection and the minimum space requirement for the concrete
aggregates.

11
J
Modeling
Initial member sizing is a starting point to modeling the sizes of the beam and column
elements and this serves as initial input for analysis. Note that design is an iterative process;
and along the process, sections may change in the next iteration. Below are some of the
common rules used in the practice that set the preliminary sizing of the member that help
minimize iteration in the design process. The modeler may follow the NSCP Code
suggestions.
6.1 INITIAL MEMBER SIZES FROM NSCP/ACI-318
The National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2010, recommends

minimum member sizes. For beams and girders, Table 409-1 of section 409.6
suggests the following minimum depths of members as shown below.
Minimum thickness, h
Simply One end Both end
Suooorted continuous continuous Cantilever
Members not supporting or attached to partitions or other construction
Member likely to be damaged by large deflections
Solid one
way slab 1/20 1/24 1/28 1/10
Beams or
ribbed one
way slabs 1/16 1/18.5 1/21 1/8
NSCP Table 409-1-Minimum Thickness of Non-prestressed Beams or One-Way

Slabs Unless Deflections are computed
As a guide, STAAD Pro Software does not include proportioning of members based
on seismic provision as required by the ACI Code thus the designer may refer to the
following requirements:
Flexural members shall satisfy the following: (ACI Code Section 21.3.1.1, 2006
Ed; NSCP Code Section 421.5.1.1 to 4)
1. Clear span In :2: 4 x effective depth, d.
2. The flexural member width-to-depth ratio, bid~ 0.3
3. Flexural member width b :2: 250mm (10").
4. Flexural member width, bs of the supporting member plus distances on each
side of the supporting member not exceeding ¾ of the depth of the flexural
member.
Members subjected to Bending and Axial Load (Columns) (NSCP Code Section
421.6.1.1)
1. The shortest cross-sectional dimension, measured on a straight line

passing through the geometric centroid, shall not be less than 300mm.

12
Modeling
2. The ratio of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to the perpendicular

dimension shall not be less than 0.4.
For this presentation, the initial sizes of the members are shown in the table below:
Member Description Member Size (in mm)

Interior Columns:
Ground floor to third floor level 400 X 400
Third floor to roof deck level 350 X 350
Comer Columns:
Ground floor to third floor level 300 X 500
Third floor to roof deck level 300 x450
Girders
Longitudinal (x direction) 300 X 450
Transverse (z direction) 300 x400
Intermediate Beams 250 x400
Stair beams 250 X 350
8. FINAL MEMBER SIZES
Since the design is an iteration process, the preliminary sizes used for analysis and design
need not necessarily be the final sizes. The final size shall satisfy the design requirements as
required by the Code such as strength and deflection requirements. Almost often the
preliminary sizes require adjustments until it satisfies all the design requirements. The
number of iteration is dependent on the convergence of the last and the preceding iteration.
9. BASIC Steps of Modeling in STAADPRO
1. Select the TYPE of structure to work on

a. SPACE
b. PLANE
c. TRUSS
d. FLOOR
2. Input the LENGTH and FORCE UNITS
3. Create the GEOMETRY
a. Joint Coordinates - Node points
b. Member Incidences - Beams/Columns
c. Element Incidences - Slabs/retaining walls
Four Options :
- Parametric Geometry Generations - Input the coordinates
- Import Structure from Cad Software
- Import Existing Structure
- Use the command "Run Structure Wizard"
4. Assign SECTION PROPERTIES

13
Analysis and Design ofFour Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD.Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 01 - Structure
Modeling
a. Concrete Section - Prismatic(e.g. Rectangular, Circular, Trapezoidal, etc.)

b. Steel Section - Built-in Steel Section Properties: e.g., Tube, Wide Flange,
Angles, etc.
5. Assign MATERIAL CONSTANTS

a. Density- Concrete, D = 23.60 KN/cu.m.
b. Modulus of Elasticity- Concrete, E = 4730xfc'
c. Poison's Ratio
d. Alphanumeric
6. Assign SUPPORTS
a. Pinned
b. Fixed
c. Fixed but can be roller, with springs, etc.
d. Inclined
7. Assign MEMBER SPECIFICATIONS

a. Beta Angles
b. Member Release
c. Master/Slave Specifications
After properly modeling the structure, it is now ready to be assigned with Primary
Loadings and Load Combinations. This shall be discussed thoroughly in the next
module.
9. CONCLUSIONS
It is very important that in modeling a building structure, the analytical model should be as
close as possible to the behavior of the actual structure. In doing so, the analysis and design
output is more reliable and will make the designer more confident. The modeling can be
efficiently done using the STAAD Pro software, however the designer has the ultimate
responsibility in properly modeling the structure. This is only possible when sound and good
understanding of structural engineering principle is properly applied.

14
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STMD.Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 01- Structure
Modeling
10. REFERENCES
Structural Engineering Handbook, 3 rd edition, Gaylord and Gaylord
Structural Steel Designers Handbook, 3rd edition, Roger L. Brockenbrough and Federick
S. Merritt
National Structural Code of the Philippines, Volume 1: Buildings, Towers and Other
Vertical Structures (Cl0l-10), 6th Edition. Association of Structural Engineers of the
Philippines (ASEP), Manila, 2010.
ACI Manual of Concrete Practice 2006, ACI318-05: Building Code Requirement for
Structural Concrete and Commentary. American Concrete Institute (ACI Committee 318),
Farmington Hills, MI, USA, 2006.
Technical Reference manual, ~TAAD Pro 2005, Research engineers International, Bentley
Solutions Center (2005)
Bentley Communities, Structural Anaysis and Design, Internet Resources:

http://communities. bently. com/

15
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD.Pro and the NSCP 2010
MODULE 02: APPLICATION OF

PRIMARY LOADS
EL VI L. SORRERA, Civil Engineer, MBA

16
Analysis and Design of Pour Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD.Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 02 - Primary
Loading
MODULE 02: APPLICATION OF PRIMARY LOADS
Elvi L. Sorrera, Civil Engineer, MBA
1. INTRODUCTION
After the structure has been geometrically modeled in previous module, this will be subjected
to gravity loads (i.e. dead load and live load), wind load and seismic load as well as load
combinations. As an in-depth study of these loadings, this module is dedicated to the
determination and application of forces into the structure based on Section 204 for Dead
Load, Section 205 for Live Load, Section 207 for Wind Load and Section 208 for Seismic
Load of the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP 2010) as the governing code
of the country.
Wind load, on the other hand, will be not be included in this discussion for its stress effect is
not critical in low to medium rise reinforced concrete structure but rather on light-frame
structure such as steel. This is due to the fact that reinforced concrete structure, which is
heavier by nature, is more critical on earthquake event since seismic loading is generated by
the weight of the structure itself.
Discussion on the mode of load transfer on the structural members from the slab to the beams
and columns is presented in this paper. As commonly encountered by design practicing
engineers, the use of STAAD Pro facility is shown on various application;
a. Self-weight of the structure.

b. Concentrated loading in the structural element.
c. Mem her loading of walls, roof dead weight, roof live load and wind load.
d. Floor loading of the office dead and live load by the use of one-way load or
two-way load approach.
e. Plate loading if this is necessary in the modeling.
2. OBJECTIVE OF THIS PAPER
The primary objective of this paper is to establish a common and basic understanding of
applying gravity and seismic loads to the structure. The application of these loads shall be
modeled in such a way that the modes of load transfer from the slabs to the beams and
columns are representative of the actual load behavior. Different slab load models shall be
compared with each other to determine what is more appropriate in representing a more
accurate load transfers. In this way the designer will have a better understanding in what load
model to be applied to specific slab and wall configurations.
3. GRAVITY LOADS
Gravity loads basically consists of dead load and live load. These are the loads that act
downward (in STAAD Pro model, this is global Y axis). Hence, gravity loads when applied
to the beams, floor, and/ or plate elements, it must be preceded by a negative sign. ·
Id Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference
17
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD.Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 02 - Primary
Loading
3.1 DEAD LOAD
Section 204 of the NSCP discusses the minimum loads of the structure that must be designed
to carry. Some of the common dead loads applied to the modeled structure is based on Table
204-2 as shown below:
Slab ( 100mm thick) 2.36 kPa ~

Floor Finish (40mm thick 0.94 kPa,,
CHB Walls 2 faces lastered
150mm CHB Exterior Walls 3.30 kPa Table 204-2
100mm CHB Interior Walls 2.44 kPa
Movable Partition 0.50 kPa / For seismic loadin
1.00 kPa For
0.15 kPa · Table 204-2
0.10 kPa ·
23.6kN/m
Total Floor Slab Load w/ ceilin & utilities 4.05 kPa On floor area
Loadin from ext. walls 3.30 kPa x 3m 9.90 kN/m
Loadin from int. walls (2.44 kPa x 3m) 7.32 kN/m
Beam/Column Selfwei ht 23.6 kN/m

Slab 100mm thick 2.36 kPa
Floor Finish (40mm thick 0.94 kPa
CHB Walls (2 faces lastered)
100mm CHB Exterior Walls 2.44 kPa
0.15 kPa Table 204-2
0.10 kPa
23.6 kN/m
Total Floor Slab Load w/ ceilin & utilities 3.55 kPa On floor area
Loadin from ext. walls 2.44 kPa x lm 2.44 kN/m On beams su . walls
3.2 LIVE LOAD
On the other hand, Section 205 of the NSCP discusses the minimum live load of the structure
that must be designed to cany, such as uniform and concentrated Jive loads. Table 205-1
shows the complete list of minimum live loads such as;

18
Loading
On floor area
Commercial Assembl On floor area
Residential/Dormito On floor area
In this presentation the structure is categorized as an office building with 2.40kPa uniform
live load is used in the analysis.
4.0 SEISMIC LOAD
The vibratory ground motions caused by an earthquake event can have damaging effects on
structure and can even lead to collapse. It is extremely important to consider seismic effect in
the design of the buildings in the Philippines because of the fact that the country generally
falls on a high seismic-risk zone.
NSCP 2010 Section 208 provides a general procedure in dealing with seismic load which is
patterned from the Uniform Building Code. The structure limitations and design is bounded
by seismic zoning, field characteristics, occupancy and structural configuration.
Dealing with seismic load application requires two steps to follow;
1. Determination of Seismic forces.

2. Use these forces in the analysis and design in combination with the gravity loads
This module will focus on the determination of seismic forces as the basic approach
while analysis and design in combination with gravity loads will be discussed further
in the succeeding modules.
As a first step in the seismic load application, determination of seismic forces has three (3)
general approaches to choose from;
1. Simplified Static Force Procedure. This procedure, as set forth in Section

208.5.2.3, can be used with of Occupancy Category IV and V.
a. Buildings of any occupancy (including single-family dwellings) but not more

than three (3) storeys in height excluding basement and use light-frame
construction.
b. Other building not more than two (2) storeys in height excluding basement.
2. Static Lateral Force Procedure. This procedure, as set forth in Section 208.5,
can be used for the following structures.
a. All structure with Occupancy Category IV and V in seismic zone 2.

b. Regular structures under 75 meters in height (approximately 25 storeys)
except those structures on soil condition vulnerable to potential failure such as
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liquefiable soils, quick and highly sensitive clays and collapsible weakly
cemented soils.
c. Irregular structures not more than five (5) storeys or 20 meters high.
d. Structures with flexible upper portion supported rigidly on its lowest portion.
3. Dynamic force procedure. This procedure, as set forth in Section 208.6, can be
used for the following structures.
a. Structures with 75 meters (approximately 25 storeys) or more in height.

b. Structures having stiff and weight or geometrically vertical irregularity.
c. Structures over five (5) storeys or 20 meters high in Seismic Zone 4.
d. Structures located on soft or liquefiable soils.
Among the three procedures presented, Simplified Static Force procedure is not includecl in
the STAAD Pro facility because of its simplicity. Only the Static Force procedure and the
Dynamic Force procedure are available in STAAD Pro facility. Since the criteria for the
Static Lateral Force Procedure is applicable to the sample model then the dynamic force
procedure may not be applied.
4.1 SEISMIC FORCE CALCULATION
Earthquake, by definition from Wikipedia, is the result of a sudden release of energy in the
earth's crust that creates seismic waves which is translated into the so called "Seismic
Force". This force when applied to the structure is called "Seismic Load" and this 1s
expressed mathematically by the equation;
E = pEtt+ Ev
Where:p - reliability factor

EH - lateral or horizontal seismic force component due to
Base Shear (V)
Ev - vertical seismic force component
4.11 RELIABILITY FACTOR
For multiple lateral loadings in the structure, a degree of redundancy shall be provided in the
system. Consider one element of the structure will start to yield; relatively the system will
also experience re-distribution of load to the remaining elements. In order to control
excessive displacement of the structure and to prevent the formation of collapse mechanism;
reliability factor should be introduced to improve seismic performance of the building by
making it as redundant as possible. Section 208.5.1.1 of the NSCP 2010 expressed the
reliability factor by this equation~
5
P = 2- [6.1 / rmax (Ae)°- ] for SMRF

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Loading
Where: rmax - maximum of the sum of shear in any two adjacent columns
divided by the total shear in that storey for SMRF. This is only
for the lower 2/3 of building height or storey
:S 1.25 maximum limit for SMRF

~ 1.00 minimum limit for all structures
AB = ground floor area of the building in sq.m.

= 18m x27m
= 486 sq.m
For moment resisting frame, rmax is the maximum of the summation of the
shears in any two adjacent columns of a bay in the frame divided by the total
shear in the storey.
To show the calculation of. reliability factor, rmax shall be determined from the
generated STAAD facility analysis using the given procedure.
1. Determine how many storeys shall be included in the calculation of the reliability
factor.
Height considered = 2/3 of total building height

= 2/3 (15 meters)
= 10 meters
From the model with a total height of 15 meters and an average storey height of 3
meters, the ten (10) meters from the ground falls on the 3ni floor. Therefore, all rmax
from first to third floor shall be accounted but choose only the highest value.
2. Calculate total shear Vtotal in each floor for x and z direction.
V1ota1 ofxth floor= Vx1 + Vx2 ........... +Vxn
3. Determine the maximum of the sum of shear in any two adjacent columns divided by
the total shear in that storey.
• When maximum column shear of the storey "x", happens to be the exterior
column, the sum of the shear of two adjacent columns shall be calculated by this
equation;
Vxth floor= VXmax + 0. 70Vxadj
• When maximum column shear of the storey "x", happens to be the interior
column, the sum of the shear of two adjacent columns shall be calculated by this
equation;
th
Vx floor= 0.70VXmax + 0.70Vxadj

21
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD.Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 02- Primary
Loading
th
4. Calculate rrnax in each storey by the maximum Vx floor against the total storey shear;
th
rmax = Vx floor/ VXtotal
5. Summarizing all the rmax in each storey, choose the highest rrnax of all and adopt this
value to calculate the reliability factor (p) of the structure.
To appreciate the discussion, the four storey sample building has been subjected to
gravity and seismic loadings; let us calculate the maximum reliability factor of the
system.
1. Open STAAD model with generated load already in the structure and operate the
following functions~
Step 1: OPEN STAAD FILE

Step 2: ANALYZE, RUN ANALYSIS
Step 3: Make sure ACTIVE LOAD page is set to desired seismic loading and
direction.
Step 4: Click POST PROCESSING, RESULT, VIEW VALUE, BEAM RESULT,
MAXIMUM, SHEAR, ANNOTATE, OK, CLOSE.
Step 5: Click local SHEAR Y FORCE
Step 6: Click FRONT VIEW +Z
Step 7: Click-Hold mouse and Drag to target column storey. Notice that the column
will tum to bold red.
Step 8: Click CUT SECTION, SELECT TO VIEW, VIEW HIGHLIGHTED ONLY,
and then OK
Step 9: Click ISOME1RIC VIEW to view the shear colwnn of the whole floor as
shown.
1st Floor
FLOORl-SEISMICX-SHEARX. Applying seismic lateral force in x-direction, shear

values are generated in the x-direction of the first floor as shown;
- I 167-'ll
: 187.855 kN

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a. VI st total= 3,563.575 kN (it is the sum of all shear in the first storey columns in
the shear x-direction).
b. Vl stmax = 215.547 kN (this column becomes interior column when considering
shear x-direction).
c. Adjacent column shears are 208.751 kN and 187.055 kN. Therefore select
208.751 kN.
d. Therefore;
rmax = [0.70(Vl stmax) + 0.70(Vl stadj)] /Vl sttotal

= (0.70(215.547) + 0.70(208.751)] / 3,563.575
= 0.083
FLOORl-SEISMICX-SHEARZ. Applying seismic lateral force in x-direction, shear
values are generated in the z-direction of the first floor as shown;
8
a. VI \otal = 164.482 kN (it is the sum of all shear in the first storey columns in
the shear z-direction).
st
b. Vl max =17.956 kN (this column becomes interior column when considering
shear at z-direction).
c. Adjacent column shear is 15.280 kN and 15.550 kN. Therefore select 15.550
kN.
d. Therefore;
rmax = [O. 70(Vmax) + 0. 70(Vadj)] / Vtotal

= [0.70(17.956) + 0.70(15.550)] I 164.482
= 0.143
FLOORl-SEISMICZ-SHEARX. Applying seismic lateral force in z-direction, shear
values are generated in the x-direction of the first floor as shown;

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Loading
~ l,.~-1
l .., I"'""lkN[-· •L~
l "'
19.646 kN 5 17
19.351 kN .2 kN • ., -6.040 O
kN
1l l
a.: 19.315 kN ox: USI
l
·-1U52kN
l
ax: 15.698 kN
,lX: 2.711 kN
a,: U47 kN
ax: .J.123 kH
ax: -4.347 kN1••: -4.173 kN
ox: -17.666 kN
""' -18.~ kN
ax: -15.52SkN
a. = 213.902 kN (it is the sum of all shear in the first storey columns in the
VtotaI
shear x-direction).
b. Vmax = 19.646 kN (this column becomes interior column when considering
shear x-direction).
c. Adjacent column shear is 19.357 kN and 16.976 kN. Therefore select 19.357
kN.
d. Therefore;
rmax = [0.70(Vmax) + 0.70(Vadj)] / Vtotal

= [0.70(19.646) + 0.70(19.357)] I 213.902
=0.128
FLOOR1-SEISMICZ-SHEARZ_ Applying seismic lateral force in z-direction, shear

values are generated in the z-direction of the first floor as shown;
~ 99.11
~
~-263 ,935'
• -165.961 kN
: -171.983 kN
: 169.7
: -170.125
x· .1.11 828 li:N

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Loading
a. Vtotal = 3,563.575 kN (it is the sum of all shear in the first storey columns in
the shear z-direction).
b. Vrnax =206.268 kN (this column becomes interior column when considering
shear z-direction).
c. Adjacent column shear is 206.086 kN and 171.902 kN. Therefore select
206.086 kN.
d. Therefore;
rmax = [0.70(Vmax) + 0.70(Vadj)] / Vtotal
= [0.70(206.268) + 0.70(206.086)] I 3,563.575
= 0.081
Follow the same approach in getting the rmax of 2 nd floor and 3 floor and tabulate results to
rd
get the highest of all the r max which, will be used in the calculation of reliability factor, p.
X X 215.547 297.001
X z 17.956 23.454
z X 19.646 27.302
z z 206.268 206.086 288.648 3,563.575 0.081
2n X X 220.726 201.681 295.685 3,171.166 0.093

X z 20.041 13.618 23.561 145.975 0.161
z X 19.769 17.061 25.781 196.948 0.131
z z 221.355 219.691 308.732 3,162.264 0.098
3r X X 157.473 148.508 214.187 2,428.296

X z 13.952 10.714 17.266 118.392
z X 19.070 15.386 24.119 147.038
z z 161.681 160.872 225.787 2,428.294
Hi hest rniu == · 0.164
Choose the highest rmax to be used in the calculation, this case rmax = 0.164 (from seismic x
with shear value at z-direction of 2rd floor). Substituting to the equation;
p = 2- [ 6.1 / Tmax VAB]

= 2 - [ 6.1 / (0.164x ✓486)]
= 0.312
Since p is less than 1.00 therefore use p = 1.00 as the minimum limit of
SMRF, it shows that there is no need to add more bays at short
direction.

25
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4.12 DETERMINATION OF LATERAL SEISMIC LOAD COMPONENT, EH
The detennination of seismic forces using the Static Lateral Force procedure requires the
calculation of horizontal shear at the base of the structure which will generate lateral forces
over the height of the structure. The base shear is the product of seismic response coefficient
Cs and the total weight of the structure. This base shear is also known as the lateral seismic
load is expressed by the equation.
EH= V = [ Cvl / RT J W
Where~
V - total base shear in kN
Cv - seismic coefficient factor from table 208-2 and table 208-8
I - seismic importance factor from table 208-1
R - global ductility factor from table 208-11
T - (?lastic period of vibration, seconds
w - total seismic dead load, kN
Limits;
Ymax = [2.5Cal/R] W
Vmin = 0.1 ICaIW for general area i.e. zone 2 for the Philippines
Vmin = [0.80 ZNvIIR] W for seismic zone 4
Fundamental Period, T
Each structure has a unique natural or fundamental period of vibration which is the time
required for one cycle of free vibration. The factors in detennining the fundamental period
include the stiffuess and heights of the structure, and the fundamental period may vary from
0.1 seconds for a single-storey building to several seconds for a multi-storey building.
= Cr(h,J114
height in meter of the roof above the base, not including the
height of penthouse or parapets.
0.0853 for steel moment-resisting frames
0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames
0.0488 for all other buildings.
T = (0.0731) (15)3'4
0.56 second
The form of this expression indicates that the natural period increases as the height of the
structure increases and is greater for steel frames than for concrete frames.

26
Loading
Seismic Dead Load, W
The seismic dead load Was specified in NSCP Section 208 .5 .1, is the total dead load of the
structure and that part of the service load which may be expected to be attached to the
building, and is expressed by this equation:
W = (Total Dead Load of the Structure, DLtot) + (25% of Floor Live Load only
for Storage and Warehouse)+ (0.50kN/m2 allowance for movable partition)
+ (Total weight of permanent equipment and fittings).
Roof and floor live loads, except as noted above, are not included in the value of Was they
are considered negligible by comparison with the dead loads. In designing floor members for
gravity loads, the loading intensity specified in the NSCP Section 204.3 for movable
partitions is 1. 0 kN/m 2. This value allows for local concentration of the partitions, while the
overall average value of 0.50 kN/m2 is adopted for seismic loads. For permanent walls which
are constructed from heavier materials, the actual weight of the walls shall be used.
4.13 DETERMINATION OF VERTICAL SEISMIC LOAD COMPONENT, Ev
The following requirements apply in Seismic Zone 4 only. The vertical effect of seismic
force is expressed by the equation
Ev = 0.50CaID
where: Ca - seismic coefficient factor from table 208-2 and 208-7

I - seismic importance factor from table 208-1
D - total dead load in kN when used with Strength Design method
- Ev is zero in value when used with ASD method
Finally, E = pEh + Ev shall be used in the load combination for the analysis of the structure
which will be discussed in the next module.
Where: Eh= V = [ Cvl / RT ] W

= [(0.64)(1) I (8.5)(0.56)]W
=0.134W
p =2-[6.1 /rmaxVAB]
= 2 - [ 6.1 I 0.161 x ✓486]
= 0.3 81 therefore use 1. 00
=0.50 CaID
= 0.50 (0.44)(1)D
= 0.220D D=DL
27
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STMD.Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 02 - Primary
Loading
E = 0.134W + 0.220DL
4.14 MANUAL CALCULATION OF SEISMIC LOAD
To manually demonstrate seismic effect calculation assuming that STAAD PRO facility is
not available, the following equation, code limitation and table will show the distribution of
these forces into the structures.
A. Lateral distribution of Horizontal Seismic Forces:
The distribution of base shear V over the height of the building is obtained as follows:
Where: Ft = additional force added at the top of the structure

= 0.07 TV :::; 0.25 V
= zero if T:::; 0.70 secs
with i = I to level n
NSCP 208-15
With x = a level where force will be calculated

i = 1 to level n
To show the lateral distribution of seismic forces in our sample building, please refer to the tabulation
below for reference.
Deck 408.65 15.00 6,129.75 141.52 6.00 23.59

4th 465.85 9.00 4,192.65 96.80 6.00 16.13
3rd 465.85 6.00 2,795.10 64.53 6.00 10.76
2nd 465.85 3.00 1,397.55 32.26 6.00 5.38
Ground 317.45 6.00
Total 14,515.05 335.11
·~ ?As<\ an appro~on,
.9te: .· •·• · · . .j .·· ....the•. ·•.total
. ·• .· . ·. . } . <, , •·• •.. · • .. / . .•· t •> ·. ...
C .• .
Fx.m every l~-velwill be distributed·.¢qually· on ~eJ .· • .<"
Ilode of
. ' •each columns ifthese are . uall s aced arid loaded inth~ stfuctriie:Rowe~~',the.exterior
I Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference 28
Loading
____..--.....,..,_
.,.,.....-_.---·<:
----
__...,,.,,----
1.,:,
To show the vertical distribution of seismic forces in our sample building, please refer to the
tabulation below for reference.
·- ,-,
. . . . tcN{>. ·. •·
Deck 408.65 15.00 125.86 6.00 20.98
4th 465.85 9.00 143.48 6.00 23.91
3rd 465.85 6.00 143.48 6.00 23.91
2nd 465.85 3.00 143.48 6.00 23.91
Ground 317.45 97.77 6.00 16.30
Total 2,123.65
< ••••• \ •... :i , './ '• · '·

.•··.*;:~.'<••iµl,appr~~atiqn;
.·cjf¢f;• ;• > •·•.·•. ·.,·. > ,, .
thetotalFyin•·~yery. ieyel wiWbe ~sqibut~ equ~ron.die,node ·of
L .. , ,., .
.·. : )~~~cl;i 9pl11n·1os ifthef,~ are,eqqaJJY spa9ed andloru;led.jn:the f>trucfure: klti~ever; tlie~e,tterior
. ·. : toftiµmswillonlyre~eiveJialf 9f that averageioacL < · ·.· ·. · ·. · · ·
* ·- If av . . . · er. column js not a ]icable, i.t is SU . ested. to Je the a.
1 Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Teclmical Conference
29
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STMD.Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 02 - Primary
Loading
by
· •· /•·.•. clis.trib~tion ciilcuJ.ating exac;tly the tributarrw¢iglit~ of:each.q9l1Jinus n1tliatl~ve1· div~ded
ib theWxof~tlevelto etthe ercen eofF forthlitcoliimn.< ' . ·.. ' '
_.,....
......_.,.,.,,.,,.-- --
-
~-----
.
'
<- .---,-~
........._ ,..,,.-......- ·::,.,·-·-- :::,
..
."<:
-- >
'<:.
~ .-
·-..-.._=,
.----
~ ~~
-~,
- ~
"·V
..... _..,,._.,.,.~..,.,.
1··<.,____.,
~
4.15 VARIOUS FACTORS AFFECTING SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATION
A. Seismic Zone Factor, Z
The seismic zone factor Z, given in NSCP Table 208-3, is the Code estimate of the applicable
site dependent effective peak ground acceleration expressed as a function of the gravity
constant (Williams, 1997). The values of Z range from 0.075 to 0.40 corresponding to
various zones per UBC seismic zone map of the U.S., but the Philippines is divided only into
two seismic zones as indicated in NSCP Figure 208-1. The zone factor is used, in
conjunction with the soil profile type, to determine the appropriate ground response
coefficients Ca and Cv given in NSCP Tables 208-7 and 208-8.

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.....
..
N Tagum City, Davao del Norte
st
T agum is a first class city in the 1 congressional district
of Davao del Norte. It has 256,069 people with
approximately 43,193 household as of 2010.
The city, same with other places other than Palawan

and Sulu, falls on seismic zone no.4 which means could
th
expect a lot more experience of seismic effect. Last 15
of January 2010, A magnitude of 5.3 earthquake struck
Tagum City in Davao del Norte on friday morning.
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

(Phivolcs) said the earthquake struck 32 kilometers
southeast of Tagum City at 8:07 a.m.
Phivolcs said the earthquake, which was tectonic in

origin, was felt at Intensity 4 in Davao City, Intensity 3 in
Tagum City, and President Roxas in North Cotabato,
and Intensity 2 in Matalam and Makilala towns in North
Cotabato, Kidapawan City and General Santos City.
B. Soil Profile Types, SA to SF
The ground vibration caused by an earthquake tends to be greater on soft soil than on hard
soil or rock. As the vibration propagates through the material underlying the structure, it may
be either amplified or attenuated depending on the fundamental period of the material. To
account for this potential amplification, six different soil types are identified in the code
ranging from hard rock to soft soil. The classification may be made by determining on site
the average shear wave velocity in the top 30 meters of material. Alternatively, for soil
profile Types C, D, or E, the classification may be made by measuring the standard
penetration resistance or undrained shear strength of the material. Soil profile type SB is
described as rock and is that material in which the ground response coefficients Ca and Cv are
identical to the effective peak acceleration value Z. Soil profile type SA is described as hard
rock and has the effect of reducing the ground response coefficients by 20 percent. Soil
profile type SE is described as soft soil and has the effect of increasing the velocity-based
ground response coefficient Cv by up to 230 percent. For soil profile type SF, which is
described as sensitive clay or peat vulnerable to potential failure, a site-specific hazard
evaluation is required to determine the ground response coefficients. When soil parameters
are unknown, in accordance with NSCP Section 208.4.3, soil profile type SD may be assumed
unless it is determined that soil profile types SE or SF may be present at the site. NSCP Table
208-2 lists the soil profile types.

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Shear Wave SPT,N Under-drain

Velocity, Vs No. of Blows Shear Strength
mis er300mm (kPa)
Hard Rock > 1,500
Rock 760 to 1,500
Ve Dense Soil 360 to 760 >50 >100
and Soft Rock
Stiff Soil 180 to 360 15 to 50 50 to 100
Soft Soil < 180 < 15 <50
SoiLprofile. type SE also includes any soil profile· with more tfuin 3. 0 meters of soft clay
a
defi11.ed as soil with plasticityindex ; . . . . . ·. . .
>
P 20, Wroe >-40percent and Sw <24 kPa'. The Plasticity index P, aiidthe moisture
· coritentWmcshall be determined in accordance with a rovednationatsta.ndards;
C. Ground Response Coefficients, Ca & Cv
The ground response coefficients Ca and Cv are parameters which reflect the potential
amplification of the ground vibration caused by different soil types. These coefficients are a
function of the zone factor Z, the soil profiles SA to SF and, where applicable, the near-source
factors Na and Nv. The fundamental period of a structure determines which of the two
coefficients Ca or Cv controls for longer periods. Values of Ca and Cv are given in NSCP
Tables 208-7 and 208-8 for soil profiles type A to type E. A site-specific geotechnical
investigation is necessary to determine the value of the coefficients for soil profile Type F.
SA 0.16 0.32Na
SB 0.20
Sc 0.24
Sn 0.28
SE 0.34
SF See Footnote 208-8
0.16 0.32Nv
0.20 0.40Nv
Sc 0.32 0.56Nv
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So 0.40
0.64
See Footnote 1
D. Occupancy Categories and Importance Factors, I
Normal building structures designed in accordance with the NSCP or UBC Code may be
expected to resist an upper level earthquake with a recurrence interval of 475 years without
collapse and without endangering life safety. It is anticipated that structural and nonstructural
damages will occur which will necessitate the shutdown of a facility until repairs can be
implemented. In some circumstances, this will not be an acceptable situation and a design is
required which will ensure the immediate resumption of operations after a severe earthquake.
I. Essential Facilities 1.25 1.50

II. Hazardous Facilities 1.25 1.50
III. S 1.00
IV.S 1.00
SeeTableJ03'"1 for Occupancy category listing..

The]imitation ofIp for panel connections in Section 208. S:2.J, shall be 1. 0 forthe entire
. connector.
StructuraLobservati,;m requireme11ts are given in Section·l07,9
For~cborage 9fma.chinery and.equiprnent.requiredfor life·safotysystems, thevalue of Ip
shall be taken as 1.5 .
Essential facilities are defined in NSCP Table 208-1 as hospitals, fire and police stations,
emergency response centers and buildings housing equipment for these facilities. Hazardous
facilities are defined a structures housing materials which will endanger the safety of the
public ifreleased. In order to ensure that essential and hazardou,; facilities remain functional
after an upper level earthquake, an Importance Factor I of 1.25 is assigned to these facilities.
This has the effect of increasing the prescribed design base shear by twenty-five percent.
E. Response Modification Factor, R
The structure response modification factor R for various structure systems are given in NSCP
Table 208-11. This factor is a measure of the ability of the system to absorb energy and
sustain cyclic inelastic deformations without collapse.

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• Special Reinforced Concrete

4.5 2.8 NL 50
Shear Walls
• Ordinary Reinforced Concrete
4.5 2.8 NL NP
Shear Walls

5.5 2.8 NL 75
Shear Walls or Braced Frame
5.6 2.2 NL NP
Shear Walls or Braced Frame
• Intermediate Pre-Cast Shear
5.5 2.8
Walls or Braced Frame
C. Moment-Resisti
• Special Rei
2.8 NL NL
Moment Frames
• Intermediate Reinforced
5.5 2.8 NL NP
Concrete Moment Frames
3.5 2.8 NL NP
Moment Frames
D. Dual S stems
8.5 2.8 NL NL
Shear Walls
6.5 2.8 NP NL
Shear Walls
E. Dual System with Intermediate
Moment Frames
6.5 2.8 NL 50
Shear Walls
4.2 2.8 NL 50
Shear Walls
• Shear Wall Frame Interactive
System with Ordinary RC 1-----..:4:..:.:.2=-----+---=2-'-.8---t___
NP_---t-__
NP_-----i
Moment Frames and Ordinary
RC Shear Walls
F. Cantilevered Column Building
stem
• Cantilevered Column Elements
2.2 2.0 NL
G. Shear Wall Frame Interaction
5.5 2.8 NL 50
stem
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F. Seismic Source Classification
The maximum moment magnitude potential of a fault and its slip rate are used to classify
seismic source types. Three different sources types are identified in the Code ranging from
the most active Type A source to the least active Type C source. Type C sources are
relatively inactive faults, not capable of producing large magnitude earthquakes. NSCP Table
208-6 lists the different types of faults.
Faults that are capable of producing

large magnitude events and that have
A
a high rate of seismic activity.
All faults other than Types A and C

B 6.5 :SM< 7.0
Faults that are not capable of

producing large magnitude
C M<6.5
earthquakes and that have a relatively
low rate of seismic activi
G. Near Source Factors,Na & Nv
In regions subjected to large magnitude earthquakes, such as those which occur in seismic
zone 4, locations close to the fault rupture may experience a ground acceleration up to twice
that at a distance of 10 kilometers from the source. To account for this, the Code introduces
two near-source amplification factors. These are Na the acceleration-based factor for short
period structures and Nv the velocity-based factor for periods exceeding one second. These
factors are applicable to seismic source Type A and seismic source Type B, and have a value
of unity for Type C faults regardless of distance.
Table 208,-4 Near Source Factor, Na
1.0 1.0

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Table: 20&.4Near Source Factor Nb
B 1.2 1.0 1.0

C 1.0 1.0 1.0
10"N
8"N
s•N
Figure 208-2E. Seismic Sources: Active Faults in Southern Philippines
5. MODELING THE APPLICATION OF LOADS
In the command file the loading must be first established by defining the PRIMARY LOADS
and load combinations before the analysis is executed. Part of the PRIMARY LOADS is the
gravity load (i.e. dead loads and live loads) which consist of the downward (negative value)
loads applied to the member, floor tributary area, and if required, to the joints. There are
different types of transferring the gravity loads to the floors, slabs and beams which logically
depend on the actual condition and the judgment of the design practicing engineer.
5.1 LOAD DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSFER
In the example, the dead loads, live loads and seismic loads are applied to the floor or surface
via a tributary area, even without modeling the slab, walls and roof as a plate. The load is
applied using any of the STAAD facility;
a. SELF-WEIGHT
b. CONCENTRATED LOAD
c. MEMBER LOAD
d. ONE-WAY LOAD via STAAD Floor load facility
e. TWO-WAY LOAD via STAAD Floor load facility
f PLATELOAD
36
Loading
After specifying the pressure (i.e. applied uniform load), STAAD will calculate automatically
the tributary area for the members and calculate the appropriate member loads.
5.11 SELF-WEIGHT LOAD
Selfweight refers to the dead weight of the structural member only excluding the weight of
other building components which has been carried out as DEAD LOAD. When considering
stage construction, it is occasionally necessary to create load cases which include the effects
only of the additional parts of structure. In order to do this the SELFWEIGHT command has
been enhanced to allow a member list to be added which will be processed and only self-
weight on that list will be considered.
This command may be used to calculate and apply the SELFWEIGHT of the structure for
analysis. This allows user to enter body weight of the structural components. In other words,
it allows different parts of the structure to be excited with different accelerations.
Notes:
• Density must be provided for calculation of the self weight.
• The self-weight of finite elements is converted to joint loads at the connected nodes
and is not used as an element pressure load.
• The self-weight of a plate is placed at the joints, regardless of plate releases.
How to work with STAAD Pro facility (V8i version), please follow the instruction:
1. Open STAAD File with generated geometric model already~
Step 1: COMMAND
Step 2: LOADING
Step 3: LOAD COMMAND
Step 4: SELFWEIGHT LOAD
Step 5: Check "Y" Direction
Step 6: Factor "-1"
Step7:ADD
5.12 CONCENTRATED LOADS
Naturally, concentrated loads are loads that directly applied to any part of the structural
system. In this presentation, the concentrated loads can be the horizontal and vertical
translation of the seismic loads if applied manually to the structural system and analyzed its
effect with the STAAD Pro facility.

37
Loading
Coloom Column
Step 1: Open STAAD File with generated geometric model already;

LOAD & DEFINITION
LOAD CASES DETAIL
LOAD CASE for SEISMIC, DEAD LOAD, LIVE LOAD, WIND LOAD
Step 2: Creating the Concentrated Load Values

COMMAND
LOADING
LOAD COMMAND
MEMBERLOAD
CONCENTRATED FORCE
P (- downward direction,+ upward direction), dl, d2, GY
ADD
Step 3: Applying the Concentrated Load Values to the Structural Element

Click this Concentrated Load Values at LOAD AND DEFINITION
Pick member or members in the structure
ASSIGN TO SELECTED BEAMS
ASSIGN
YES
Step 4: To view the Concentrated Load in the Structure

SYSMBOLS AND LABELS
LOADING DISPLAY OPTION
LOAD VALUES
APPLY
OK
l Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

38
Loading
5.13 MEMBER LOADS
In this structural model, the member loads are those loads applied to the beams from interior
and exterior partitions as well as Main Wind Force Resisting Frame. Stairs may also be
carried by beams as member loads.
Column
Member load
,,____ _ dueloparapel _----<
Beam
Memberlo~d
due im..-i01 wall
Column Column
How to work with ST AAD Pro facility (V8i version), please follow the instruction:

LOAD & DEFINITION
LOAD CASES DETAIL
Step 2: Creating the Member Uniform Load Values

COMMAND
LOADING
LOAD COMMAND
MEMBER LOAD
UNIFORM FORCE
WI (- downward direction,+ upward direction), dl, d2, d3, GY
ADD
Step 3: Applying the Member Uniform Load Values to the Structural Element
ASSIGN TO SELECTED BEAMS
ASSIGN
YES
Step 4: To view the Member Uniform Load in the Structure

SYSMBOLS AND LABELS
LOAD VALUES
APPLY
OK
39
Loading
5.14 ONE-WAY LOAD
The FLOOR LOAD is used for one way distribution. This means that the slab load is equally
transferred on both beams of the longer sides and no loads transferred to both beams on the
short side. This command will function only when the ratio of the long side to the short side
is equal or greater than 2.
' •s -
~
....
I I I I I
'
l
'
: ..
'
I
.:
l
' '
..
..
' -
'
l
'
:
'
~
'
.'
'
''
'
''
l
'
'
''
'
.'
.~ _j_
--+
I l1 I I
'
k'--S~ ~ S - - , > -E-- s s--l>
I

LOAD & DEFINITION
LOAD CASES DETAIL
Step 2: Creating the Floor Load Values

COMMAND
LOADING
LOAD COMMAND
FLOOR LOAD
FLOOR
RANGE,YRANGE
Floor Load Values PRESSURE (- downward direction,+ upward direction)
Direction, GLOBAL Y
Range, Y Range Min Max, X Range Min Max, Z Range Min Max
Check ONE WAY DISTRIBUTION
ADD
Step 3: Applying the One-Way Floor Load to the Structural Element

This is already performed by RANGE ASSIGNMENT method above.
Step 4: To view the One-Way Load in the Structure

Click this One Way Load Values at LOAD AND DEFINITION
SYSMBOLS AND LABELS
LOAD VALUES
APPLY
OK
40
Loading
5.15 TWO-WAY LOAD
On the other hand, the FLOOR LOAD is used for two way distribution. The slab load
distribution is as shown in the Figure 2. The member load is assumed to be linearly varying
load for which the start and end values may be different.
- - - - - - •s -------,>t
II--+-.......,__...__..,_~~ -+
I
~~~~~-1
How to work with STAAD Pro ~acility (V8i version), please follow the instruction:

LOAD & DEFINITION
LOAD CASES DETAIL
Step 2: Creating the Two Way Floor Load Values

COMMAND
LOADING
LOAD COMMAND
FLOOR LOAD
FLOOR
RANGE,YRANGE
Floor Load Values PRESSURE (- downward direction,+ upward direction)
Direction, GLOBAL Y
Range, Y Range Min Max, X Range Min Max, Z Range Min Max
Uncheck ONE WAY DISTRIBUTION
ADD
Step 3: Applying the Two Way Floor Load to the Structural Element
This is already performed above by RANGE ASSIGNMENT method
Step 4: To view the Two Way Load in the Structure

SYSMBOLS AND LABELS
LOAD VALUES
APPLY
OK
41
Loading
5.16 PLATE LOADS
In plate elements, the load is applied perpendicular to the surface of the plate using the
PRESSURE LOAD command in STAAD Pro. Quadrilateral plate elements have four nodes.
Each node has five degrees of freedom (DOF), 0x, 0y, uz, uy, and ux. These DOF's have
corresponding forces, Mx, My, Fz, Fy, Fx. The forces are transferred from these DOF's to
the nodes which connect the other elements.
Column
Comer load
transmissii ~ i i Pressure Load over

the plate element-slab
t + +
Comer Load
transmission Comer Load
Beam
transmission
Column Column
When the slab is modeled as a plate element, it must be understood that the pressure or load
applied to the plate is transferred to its comer nodes. Therefore, whatever is connected to the
comer nodes of the plate element, such as beam ends or column ends, the transferred loads
are treated as JOINT LOADS and not as MEMBER LOADS. Thus, the tributary area and the
corresponding tributary loads of the slab are not transferred to the beam but to the beam-
columnjoint. This is an incorrect modeling. The effect is not the same as that of the FLOOR
LOAD because there will be no loads transferred to the beam from the slabs, consequently
there will be no beam stresses from the applied forces.
Should the designer opt to use plate element model for slabs, the plate must be subdivided
into smaller plate elements in order to create nodes along the beams. At the same time, the
beams have to be subdivided such that the number and location of intermediate beam nodes
coincide with the smaller plate nodes. These sub nodes along the beams ensure the transfer of
loads from the slab to the beam and then to the beam-column joint. The finer the
subdivisions, the better the load transfer. However, one must be aware of the trade off in
having too many nodes in the beams. The downside of this model is that there would be too
many nodes and sub-lengths of each beam. In effect, the concrete design facility of STAAD
Pro would design each sub-element independently.

LOAD & DEFINITION
LOAD CASES DETAIL
42
Loading
Step 2: Create Plate Model
Step 3: Creating the Plate Load Values

COMMAND
LOADING
LOAD COMMAND
PLATE LOAD
PRESSURE ON FULL PLATE
Wl (- downward direction,+ upward direction)
Direction, GLOBAL Y, ADD
Step 3: Applying the Plate Load to the Structural Element

ASSIGN TO SELECTED PLATES
ASSIGN
YES
Step 4: To view the Plate Load in the Structure

SYSMBOLS AND LABELS
LOAD VALUES
APPLY
OK
6. CONCLUSION
After determining the appropriate gravity loads and seismic loads based on the code, it is
important that the designer must properly model the load transfer schemes from the slab to
the beams and columns. This is accomplished by having a proper understanding of the basic
differences between self-weight, concentrated load, member load, floor load and plate load.
The effects of seismic load was presented to guide the designer in checking the configuration
of the building in terms of reliability/redundancy p factor as well as the effect of the vertical
component of the seismic load.
The value of p as calculated did not exceeded Pmax requirement. In other words, the number
of bays of the building in any direction is sufficient enough so that the p value will not
exceed 1.25. Only then, application of load combination and ultimately the design of
members of the structure can now proceed.

43
Loading
7. REFERENCES
1st Joint PICE Davao City - SEAD Technical Conference titled "Analysis and Design of
Four Storey Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2001", Grand
Menseng Hotel, Magallanes Street, Davao City.
Module 3- Seismic Loads and Load Combinations

Authored by: Ademar C. Pama, SEAD, ASEP
2nd Joint PICE Davao City - SEAD Technical Conference titled "Analysis and Design of
Steel Structure (Warehouse Building) using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2001", Marco Polo,
CM Recto Street, Davao City.
Module 2 - Application of Primary Loads

Authored by: Elvi L. Sorrera, Civil Engineer, MBA
Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, National Structural Code of the

Philippines 2010, 6th Edition, Q.C. Manila, c2010
ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-02)
and Commentary (ACI 318R-02), American Concrete Institute, c2002
Bentley, STAAD Pro Technical Reference, c2005
ASCE 7-05, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Structures

44
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD.Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 03 - Load
Combination and Analysis
MODULE 03: LOAD COMBINATIONS AND

ANALYSIS
Reynaldo 0. Aquitania, MSCE, ASEP, SEAD

45
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 03 - Load
MODULE 03: LOAD COMBINATIONS AND ANALYSIS
Reynaldo O. Aquitania, MSCE, ASEP, SEAD
1. INTRODUCTION
As recommended by the latest 6th edition of the National Structural Code of the Philippines
(NSCP CIOI-10), which includes the latest seismic design practice for earthquake resistant
structures as well as the latest recommended load combinations and load factors for basic
loads such as, Dead Load, Live Load and Lateral Loads are clearly defined in Section 203
(for Strength Design or Load Resistance Factor Design, LRFD), Section 409 (Strength and
Serviceability Requirements for concrete), and Section 426 (which is permitted as an
Alternative Load).
In general, buildings, towers and other vertical structures shall be designed to resist the load
combinations specified in thest Sections and, where required by Section 208 (Seismic
Loads).
It is of utmost importance for the designer to correctly derive the proper load factors with
particular considerations on the contributions of the lateral earthquake loads (i.e. vertical
earthquake load Ev and horizontal earthquake load Eh) since this will definitely make a
substantial difference when neglected as compared to the actual load combinations with
earthquake forces as recommended by the NSCP 2010 code. Hence, this presentation will
take up the correct load combinations that will determine more closer and realistic estimation
of safe design loads to produce an efficient design analysis which will yield reliable result in
the stresses that will be used in the final design of the structural members.
The basic understanding and usage of the structural data and composition of material
attributes that will be utilized in the structural members specifications is considered crucial in
the design analysis as well. Likewise, the imposition of the type of analysis (first order and
nd
2 order Pdelta) and its consequent effects in the overall analysis of the structure are
discussed in this paper including the equally important limitations for story drifts and
ductility requirements for the structural members.
2. LOAD COMBINATIONS
When Strength Design principles (including Load and Resistance Factor Design- LRFD)
are used, the basic requirement is to ensure that the design strength of a member is not less
than the required ultimate strength.
In the combination of loads, the most critical effect can occur when one or more of the
contributing loads are not acting. Thus all of the possible applicable loads that the structure
will carry should be considered.
46
•; .
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 03 - Loa<i'o'
Load Combinations (for Srength Design & LRFD) in Accordance with Section 203.3.1
U= 1.4 (D+F) (203-1)
U= 1.2 (D + F + 1) + 1.6 (L + H) + 0.5 (Lr or R) (203-2)
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.6 (Lr or R) + (fiL or 0.8W) (203-3)
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.6 ( W) + f1L + 0.5 (Lr or R) (203-4)
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.0 (E) +fiL (203-5)
U= 0.9 (D) + 1.6 (W) + 1.6 (H) (203-6)
U= 0.9 (D) + 1.0 (E) + 1.6 (H) (203-7)
Symbols and Notations
D = dead load
F = load due to fluids with well-defined pressures and maximum heights
T = self-straining force and effects arising from contraction or expansion
resulting from temperature change, shrinkage, moisture change, creep in
component materials, movement due to differential settlements or
combinations thereof
L = live load, except roof live load, including any permitted live load reduction
H = load due to lateral pressure of soil and water in soil
Lr = roof live load, including any permitted live load reduction
R = rain load on the undeflected roof
/1 = 1.0 for floors in places of public assembly, for live loads in excess of 4.8
kPa, and for garage live load
= 0.50 for other live loads
W = load due to wind pressure

E = earthquake load as set forth in Section 208.5. l. l
Load Combinations (for Concrete) in Accordance with Section 409.3
Factored load combinations for STRUCTURAL CONCRETE shall be as follows;

The strength reduction factors to be used shaU also be in accordance with this section as well.
U= 1.4 (D + F) (409-1)
U= 1.2 (D + F + 1) + 1.6 (L + H) + 0.5 (Lr or R) (409-2)

47
1. The load factor on the live load L in Eq. 409-3 to 409-5 shall be permitted to be
reduced to 0.5 except for garages, areas occupied as places of public assembly, and
all areas where Lis greater than 4.8 Kpa.
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.6 (Lr or R) + (1.0L or 0.8W) (409-3)
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.6 (W) + 1.0L + 0.5 (Lr or R) (409-4)
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.0 (E) + 1.0L (409-5)
2. Where wind load W has not been reduced by a directionality factor, it shall be
permitted to use 1.3W in place of 1. 6W in Eq. 409-4 and 409-6.
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.3 (W) + 1.0L + 0.5 (Lr or R) (409-4)
U= 0.9 (D) + 1.3 (W) + 1.6 (H) (409-6)
3. Where E, the load effects of earthquake, is based on the service-level seismic forces,
I. 4E shall be used in place of l. OE in Eq 409-5 and 409-7.
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.4 (E) + 1.0L (409-5)
U= 0.9 (D) + 1.4 (E) + 1.6 (H) (409-7)
4. The load factor on H, loads due to weight and pressure of soil, water in soil, or other
materials, shall be set equal to zero in Eq. 409-6 and 409-7 if the structural action due
to H counteracts that due to W or E. Where lateral earth pressure provides resistance
to structural actions from other forces, it shall not be included in H but it shall be
included in the design resistance.
U= 0.9 (D) + 1.6 ( W) (203-6)
U= 0.9 (D) + 1.4 (E) (203-7)
The Basic Load Combinations for Reinforced Concrete Design as per Section 409.3 and in
application to our (example) subject structure : Considering no direct forces contributed
byF,T,H,W.
U= 1.4 (D) (409-1)

U= 1.2 (D) + 1.6 (L) + 0.5 (Lr) (409-2)
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.6 (Lr)+ l.OL (409-3)
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.4 (E) + 1.0L (409-5)
U= 0.9 (D) + 1.4 (E) (409-7)

48
Load Combinations (as Alternative Load) in Accordance with Section 426.409.2.2
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE shall be permitted to be designed using the Load

Combinations of Section 426. The strength reduction factors shall also be in accordance with
this section as well.
U= 1.4 (DJ+ 1.7 (L) (426-1)
1. For structures that resist W, wind load, or E, the load effects of earthquake.
U= 0.75 (1.4D + 1.1L) + (1.6Wor 1.0E) (426-2)
U= 0.9 (D) + (1.6W or 1.0E) (426-3)
Where W has not been reduced by a directionality factor, it shall be permitted to use
1.3W in place of 1.6W in Eqs. 426-2 and 426-3. Where E is based on service-level
seismic forces, 1.4E shall be used in place of l.OE in Eqs. 426-2 and 426-3.
U= 0.75 (1.4D + 1.1L) + (1.3Wor 1.4E)
U= 0.9 (D) + (J.3Wor 1.4E)
2. For structures that resist H, loads due to weight and pressure of soil, water in soil, or
other related materials. U shall be the larger of Eqs. 426-1 and 426-4.
U= 1.4 (D) + 1.7(L) + 1.7(H) (426-4)
3. Where structural effects of differential settlement, creep, shrinkage, expansion of

shrinkage compensating concrete, or temperature change T, are significant U shall be
the larger of Eqs. 426-5 and 426-6.
U= 0. 75 (1.4D + 1.4T + I. 7L) (426-5)
U= 01.4 (D + 1) (426-6)
The Basic Load Combinations for Reinforced Concrete Design as per Section 426.409.2 and
in application to our (example) subject structure : Considering no direct forces contributed
byF, T,H, W.
U= 1.4 (D) + 1.7 (L)
U= 0.75 (1.4D + 1.1L) + 1.4 (E)
U= 0.9 (D) + 1.4 (E)

49
Analysis and Design ofFour Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 03 - Load
Comparison between Section 409.3.1 and Section 426.409.2 in using the strength-reduction
factors (0).
Section 409.3.1 Section 426.409.2
Use ACI 318-08 Use ACI 318-99
a. Tension controlled sections 0.9 0.9
b. Compression controlled sections
Members with spiral reinforcement 0.75 0.75
Other reinforced members 0.65 0.7
C. Shear and torsion for shear walls
And frames in Seismic zone 4 0.75 0.85
d. Bearing on concrete except for
post tensioning anchorage zones 0.65 0.7
e. Post-tensioned anchorage zones 0.85 0.8
For Earthguake Loads
Structures shall be designed for ground motion producing structural response and seismic
forces in any horizontal direction. The following earthquake loads shall be used in the load
combinations set forth in Section 203.
As discussed in module 2, the seismic load E incJuded in above load combinations is

determined at the strength design level, as computed (reliability/redundancy factor) p= 0.226,
which is less than 1.0, therefore use p= 1.0 as the minimum limit for SMRF. The seismic
load is a function of both horizontal and vertical earthquake induced forces as given by
NSCP equation 208-1:
E = p Eh+ Ev (208-1)
Eh = the design lateral force (earthquake load due to the base shear V)
Ev = the load effect resulting from the vertical component of the
earthquake ground motion.
= 0.5 Ca ID
Ca = 0.44 Na Seismic Coefficient (Table 208-7)

Na= Near Source Factor (Table 208-4)
I = Seismic Importance Factor (Table 208-1)
Ev = 0.5 (0.44) (1.0) D
0.22D
E = 1.0Eh+0.22D
3. INPUT LOAD FACTORS IN STAAD FOR LOAD COMBINATION

Required Load Combinations using Section 409.3
U= 1.4 (D) (409-1)
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.6 (L) + 0.5 (Lr) (409-2)
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.6 (Lr)+ 1.0L (409-3)
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.4 (E) + 1.0L (409-5)
50
U= 0.9 (D) + 1.4 (E) (409-7)
Substituting E and in the above load combinations, the required combinations

for this case are:
= 1.4 D (409-1)
(409-2)
(409-3)
U= 1.2 (D) + 1.4 (E) + l.0L (from 409-5)

U= 1.2 D + 1.4 1.0 E +0.22 D) + 1.0 L
= 1.508 D + 1.4E+
U= 0.9 (D) + 1.4 (E) ( from 409-7)

U= 0.9 D + 1.4 1.0E + 0.22 D)
= 1.208 D + 1.4
Required Load Combinations using Section 426.409.2

U= 1.4 (DJ+ 1.7 (L) (426-1)
U= 0. 75 (1.4D + 1.7L) + 1.4 (E) (from 426-2)
U= 0.9 (D) + 1.4 (E) (from 426-3)
Substituting E and in the above load combinations, the required combinations

for this case are:
[u= 1.4 D + 1.7 Lj (426-1)
U= 0.75 (1.4D + 1.1L) + 1.4 (E) (from 426-2)

U= 0.75 1.4D + 1.7L + 1.4 (E+0.22D)
= 1.358 D+ 1.275 L +1.4
U= 0.9 (D) + 1.4 (E) (from 426-3)

U= 0.9 D + 1.4 E+0.22D)
U= 1.208D + 1.4
To illustrate how the Load Combinations according to the NSCP 2010, is inputted into
STAAD PRO and using Section 409.3

51
LOAr 1 lCA!lTYFE Seismic TITLE Lm CASE 1 SEISMIC Ill X-DIRECTWI!

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52
Analysis and Design of Pour Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 03 - Load
file Edit View Tools
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3 1.50E 2 ·1.4 4 1.0
•Ffi:OH i4D~- ?)
le£ 13 CCMBillAUON lOAr CASE 13 1.208DL + UEQX
REPEAT 10~£:
3 1.2oe 11.4
lCAt 14 ccmmrmcn LOA!'. CASE 14 1.20eD1 - 1. 4EQX
REPt!tT LOAD
3 1.208 1 -1.4
101.C 15 CCMBil!AT!Cll lCAt CASE 1S 1.2~8DL t 1.4£QZ
REPEAT LOAD
3 1.20B 2 1.4
j
LCAC H CCl!BI!!ATIO!l LOA!: :ASE H 1.20eDl - 1.4EQZ
·REFEA! LOAD
3 .2oe 2 -1.4
{

53
4. BASIC DATA FOR THE STRUCTURE
ATTRIBUTE DATA
1. Member properties Beam dimensions (width x depth)
-
. Column dimensions (width x depth) ·-
2. Member Orientation Beta angle from basic orientation
Default position if no changes
3. Material constants Modulus of elasticity, density, Poisson's
ratio - automatic generation if
a. concrete
b. steel
4. Support conditions Base of columns if fixed, pinned, etc.
5. Define Loads Seismic loads (Static/Dynamic procedure)
6. Loadings A. Primary loadings
1. Seismic loadings(+ and-, x and z)
2. Dead Load (include self weight)
3. Live Load
B. Combined Loadings
4. Dead +Live Load
5. Dead + Live +Seismic Loads
6. Dead+ Seismic Loads
7. Analysis type Perform analysis, P-DELTA analysis
Options (statics check, print options)
8. Concrete Design Use combined loadings only by short

listing the loads (ie. load lists)
Input design parameters:
1. codeACI
2. CLT (clear cover for top)
3. CLB (clear cover for bottom)
4. CLS (clear cover for sides)
5. FC (concrete strength)
6. FYMAIN(steel yield strength)
7. TRACK (display option)
8. DESIGN COLUMN/BEAM

54
Commands of these attributes in STAAD input file.

1
' model_2.std · ST AAD Editor ,.; · Eil . ._] _
.-..* at the final sizes aft~: sa~isfyiny rhe de3iqn req,.1irements

"' NCiE:
thE initial sizea, e:srec.ially the co:~'13 are not er,.o:.igt
since tt!e given size! re~nirts a steel ro-tic cf rn,)re than E'l.
l!El!BER PROFERTY Al!ERKM!
rn re m m 1c m m re 351 354 i:: 35£ m TC m 369 re m -

371 PRIS YI: 0.5 Zt 0.5
3'14 TC 3?E 378 TC 3S7 3t9 re 391 394 TC 3% m TC 407 409 TC m-

411 PRIS YC 0.4 ZC 0.4
,.,_,. girders a::id bear.i.! *""

RH
l TC 16 7/i 78 i9 S4 TC 99 159 161 162 167 IC 182

327 328 PRIS Yr 0.6 zc 0.35
5S TC 75 80 81 139 TC 158 163 164 222 TC 241 2H 247 305 TC 324 329 -
330 PRIS YC 0.4S zr 0.35
m 244 245 250 i: 2fS 325 -
J
17 TC 55 82 100 re 138 1€5 183 TC 221 248 2€6 TC 304 331 PRIS IT 0.65 z: G.4
77 83 160 16c 243 249 326 332 ERIS Yr 0.35 zr: 0. 25
0 * corner eolunt7lS from ,~round fleer i:; t!:.ird flcorh•

'"
331 352 353 357 368 372 PRIS IT 0,5 zr 0.3
373 m 3f8 392 393 397 408 412 PRIS Yr uo z: 0. 3
** The&~ ccll.I!rm ?.e~rs we~e change lt£ter scE:-e !1t:.Y:her c,f i<:er:ititt:a.
• !he3e are frcr~t and .ba~t cotn.e:- colt:Jrd'!J alotg the z-ax:s
'MLl.!B£R PRCPERTI ~Jfil<:G.N
. 348 PRIS YC 0.5 zr 0.3
333 ERIS YC 0.5 ZC C.3
.
t<,NsnJITS
a soA MEY.11 333 m m 352 353 m m m m m 3Be m m m m m
•
F He! I Fl
-- =~ ... ,.~-~.,,..-·,-~-, --~ ----~" ·---'<¥-~- ~~~--- -~ ,,.,.
_ llli\ l '¼,. "1 Ii ,l1 1:410,,1
t .• ~ ,, I'-'-~ • (<r' -
!A! < "ll 1 "Jl1:l!1
'" ftFMlMCDllf3 filrt'Ji\LMO['Ul£3T ST,\Kµr, "r~a,[ ~ndd_~s!: '.i:,~

1 i:;,',J;

55
..
CO!ISTA!ITS
.
BETA 90 MEl!B m 337 m 352 353 357 m m m m 3es 392 m m m m
l!ATERIT!l CCN:R£TE m
SUFMRTS
1 re 20 nm,
!!EMBEF OFFSET
2 3 5 TC 12 14 15 BS 86 ee TC 95 97 9e SIARi 0.2 0 0
1 JC 3 5 TC 7 9 re 11 14 15 ')6 78 ?9 84 TC e6 ea TC ,o 92 IC 91 ~7 12 159 -
·· 151 Hi2 rm: -0.2 o o
20 24 26 2e 30 :i2 34 36 3£ 40 42 H H 4e s2 ss 103 101 m 111 m 11s m -
119 121 123 125 127 129 131 135 138 START O O -0.2
17 21 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 52 100 104 iOE 110 112 114 116 -
11e 120 122 124 m 12e 130 rn rn rm: o o 0.2
.168 TC 17e 180 TC 182 251 TC 261 263 TC 265 START o.m O 0
167 TC 169 171 TC 1i3 175 TC m 1eo 18L 242 244 245 250 TC 252 254 TC 256 -
m TC 260 263 264 m m m me -o.m o o
le6 m 192 194 196 19e 200 202 204 m
20e 210 212 214 m
219 269 m m-
m m 2e1 2es m 2si m m m 295 291 301' 302 START o o -o.l"s
m m 191 193 195 m 199 201 203 m 201 209 211 m m m m m m -
.m m 2ac m 2e4 236 m 290 292 m 29E 29e 301 me 0 o o.m
le 22 50 53 101 105 133 136 ST1JtT OO -0.25
19 23 s1 54 102 106 rn m rnr o o 0.2s
1 13 84 96 START 0.15 0 0
4 16 67 99 tm: -0.15 0 0
4 16 87 99 SURI O. 2 0 0
J
1M 190 m m m rn 299 304 SII.R! 0 0 -c,.m
m m m 220 mm 300 JDS m oo 0.22s
'167 m 2so m m.R1 a.is o o
170 1e2 253 26S flit -0.15 o 0
SLAVE zx ll1Sm Se JCIIIT 21 TC Si 59 TC 70

sm't zx MASTER 108 JOI!!T 71 IC mi 1(13 TC 120
SLm ZJ( MASTER 15e J,JINT 121 TC l5i 159 TG l 70
SLAVE ZX lL'.sIER 20e JOI!IT 171 TC 207 209 K 220
h'f srISttrc 1oi.r vrr1:rrr!m1 , ,,.
mrnr UBC AC:::I!llllIAl LCAD
Z E 0.4 I 1 fill] 8.5 RWZ e.s sm 4 !IA 1 !Pl l
•
For Help, pr~ Fl :Line 1Col 1

56
5. ANALYSIS TYPE
Before running the design of concrete, the type of analysis must first be checked whether a
first order analysis or a second order analysis is required. A first-order analysis is a simple
single iteration run, which neglects the secondary moment in columns due to lateral
deflection. This analysis procedure is basically executed by the PERFORM ANALYSIS
command of STAAD. A second-order analysis considers the secondary moment in columns
due to lateral deflection. Thus the ultimate strength of the column is reduced when secondary
moments are considered. This analysis is also known as the P-delta analysis, which is
executed by the command PDELTA ANALYSIS in STAAD.
So how do we know what type of analysis to use before we design the members? This is
addressed when we have determined whether the columns are slender or not. If columns are
not slender, then they are considered short columns; an ordinary first-order analysis (i.e.
PERFORM ANALYSIS COMMAND) is carried out. Otherwise, when the columns are
slender then a second-order analysis (i.e. PDELTA ANALYSIS COMMAND) is carried out.
The ACI Code, Section 10.12, r.ecommends the following limitations between short and long
columns:
a. For Non-sway frames:
Braced against sidesway by shear walls, rigid bracing, lateral support from
adjoining structure.
. Klu 12M1
Short columns 1f - ~ 34 - - -
r M2
Where M1 and M2 are the factored moments of the end columns and range ofK is
always equal to or less than 1.0. The ACI Code, Section 10.12 recommends
K=l.0
b. For Sway frames:

Unbraced frames not supported against sidesway, and it depends on the stiffness
of the beams and columns to prevent lateral deflection.
Klu::;
22
r
The range ofK is between I and 2. The ACI code commentary (Rl0.12) proposed
the following simplified expression for evaluating the effective length factor, K.
K = 20 - If/ m 11 +
20 '\,/ If/m
Where If.Im is the average of the lj/ values at the two ends of the compression
member.
In this case If/ = 1. 0 for fixed ends of columns.

The slenderness ratio is basically a function of the radius of gyration, r, where r =(JIA/12, J
being the moment of inertia of the section and A the section area.

57
For rectangular section

y
I
Ix= bh3/J 2 and A =bh.

Therefore rx =(IIA/12 = 0.288h.
Similarly Iy =hb3/J 2 and ry = 0.288b.
For circular section

y I
X
Ix = Iy = mi/64 and A= Jrl)~l4;
therefore rx = ry = 0.25D
o_.
Before the advent of computer softwares with P-delta analysis capabilities, designers usually
trying to avoid the P-delta analysis resorted to dimensioning a bigger column section, hoping
that the column would be classified as a short one, and eventually avoid the P-delta analysis.
The consequence would be very big and expensive columns. Worse, the designers make
assumptions for short columns, to avoid the analysis, but in reality the columns are slender
ones. The importance of P-delta analysis cannot be overly emphasized.
6. PDELTAEFFECTS
PDEL TA effect is the secondary effect on shears, axial forces and moments of frame
members due to the action of the vertical loads induced by horizontal displacements of the
structure resulting from various loading.
If the designer wishes to utilize the alternative load combination as stated in section
426.409.2 at the same time maintaining all the reduction factors found in ACI 318-99 the
designer must use the CODE ACI 1999 command in the text file. Since NSCP 2010 has
already updated with the ACI 318-2002 which is the default of STAAD.Pro, therefore there
is no need to stipulate CODE ACI 2002.

58
7. STORY DRIFT LJMITS
NSCP Section 208.5.9.2 requires limits for story drifts. The maximum inelastic response
displacement, 11M shall be computed as follows:
1'1.M = 0.7 Rl'1.s
where: t'). 8 = story drift, the difference in lateral displacements between two
succeeding floors.
R = numerical coefficient representative of the inherent overstrength and
global ductility capacity of lateral-force-resisting systems, as set forth
in table 208-11 or 208-13.
The analysis used to determine the Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement .!iM
shall consider P.ti effects.
The calculated story drift usi-ng f...u shall not exceed 0.025 times the story height for
structures having a fundamental period of less than 0.7 second. For structures having a
fundamental period of 0. 7 second or greater, the calculated story drift shall not exceed 0.02
times the story height
If the maximum inelastic response displacements exceed the above limits, the stiffness of
the lateral-resisting elements (columns in this case) shall be increased by increasing the
sizes.
PDELTA type of analysis and STORY DRIFT commands in STAAD. pro Input file as
shown.

59
. File , ~~~- y;.,.., Too~ .• Hdp
i~l ;,i; Ii) a ~ \ ~ i1'l\ • a "·= I

Pttt.t;, A}JALYS!S -:'::Cll\UGE
lCAt I.IST 1 TC 13
FRillT S1CRY DRIFT
F-P.lUt SUPPORT REACTION
FRIIIT MEMBER FCRCE.5 LISI 35D
START COHCRETE CE5IG11

com: ACT 1999
!.YA>";( 0. 25 ME..~ 1 TC 332
MAA."tAIN SO ME.MB 1 TS 332
!!I!IM!Ull 16 MEHE 1 re 332
', MINSEC lt:l M0{8 1 IC 332
RHCMH 0~ 01 MEM8 33.3 !C 412
sncE o. 2s ~MB 1 r,: 332
TP.ACH 1 .:>J.l
DESIGll BEA!! 1 IC 332
, L'!:SIG!I CCLU½H 333 T•: 41;1
rm: ~OUCR£TE ntSIGn
FINISH
'Li 3SOC I 1 i
J
.!.l
8. Ductility
Ductility is a measure of the ability of a structural system to deform beyond its elastic load
carrying capacity without collapse. The upper limit of ductility of the structure will be
controlled by the allowable maximum story drift of the building.
9. CONCLUSION
The NSCP 2010 has provided the basic load combinations in the estimation of loads for
the structure to produce reliable result in the stresses to be used in the structural
design. Thus, it is of primary importance for the structural designer to treat the
combination of loads with precision by not taking for granted the contribution of the
horizontal and vertical effects of the earthquake lateral forces.
The STAAD.Pro structural software is capable of analyzing even the most complex load
combinations therefore it will not be too difficult for the designer to apply the proper
combinations of loads as required by the Code.

60
Using precise load factors and combinations coupled with the utilization of the correct
first/second order type of analysis and satisfying all the additional requirements for
story drifts and ductility of structural members according to the NSCP 2010 code, the
analysis result becomes very reliable to produce a very efficient, economical and
confident structural design for your building to be able to resist the highest possible
earthquake loads it may experience.
REFERENCES
American Concrete Institute. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and
Commentary (ACI 318-08). Farmington Hills, MI, January 2008.
ASEP Earthquake Design Manual, Volume I: Code Provisions for Lateral Forces,
Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, December 2003.
Ghosh, S.K., Fanella, D.A., Liang, X. Seismic and Wind Design of Concrete Buildings (2003
IBC, ASCE 7-02, ACI 318-02). International Code Council, Country Club Hills, IL, March
2005.
National Structural Code of the Philippines, Volume 1: Buildings, Towers and Other Vertical
Structures, 5th Edition. Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP),
Manila, 2001.
Technical Reference manual, STAADPro 2007, Research Engineers International, Bentley

Solutions Center (2007).
Uniform Building Code, Volume 2: Structural Engineering Design Provisions. International

Committee of Building Officials (ICBO). Whittier CA, 1997.
Williams, A, Seismic Design of Buildings and Bridges Based on 1997 Uniform Building
nd
Code, 2 Edition, Engineering Press, USA, 1997.
1' Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Teclmica! Conference

61
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 04 - Design and
Detailing
MODULE 04: DESIGN AND DETAILING


62
Detailing
MODULE 04: DESIGN AND DETAILING
1. INTRODUCTION
The analysis part is always followed by the design part. However, it must be noted that the
initial proportioning of beam and column sizes is part of the design and may not be the final
proportion or dimension. Therefore, it is expected that the process involved is a series of
iteration of resizing, then reanalysis of the structure and finally the design.
All the concrete design calculations are based on the current ACI Code 318. Therefore, for
reinforced concrete design, the unified (strength) design method is adopted. Since the elastic
design method or the working stress method is deleted from the ACI Code, it therefore
follows that the working stress method is not employed by STAAD in the design of
reinforced concrete members. The discussion in this paper is limited to the design of beams
and columns only. It is also the intent of this paper to highlight the importance of the seismic
detailing requirements of a special moment resisting space frame (SMRF) as required for
buildings located in high seismic risk areas. The seismic structural requirements for the
beams and columns shall be given focus in the discussion, which includes detailing
parameters.
The NSCP requires that all buildings in the Philippines, being located in a high seismic
region, must be designed to effectively resist seismic forces. Unfortunately, STAAD Pro, at
the moment, has no provision for automatic seismic detailing in reinforced concrete design.
Therefore, it is paramount that designers must first include the seismic provisions of the
NSCP to the STAAD Pro design results prior to detailing the design in the construction
drawings. This provision shall be emphasized in this paper in order for the interested
designers to familiarize themselves with the fundamentals in seismic detailing as would be
reflected in the construction plans.
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.1 FLEXURE
In the design for flexure, the main (longitudinal) reinforcement is calculated for the midspan
(sagging) and supports (hogging) bending moments on the basis of the section profile and
parameters defined in the design brief (ie. PRISMATIC ZD, YD). Compression
reinforcement is provided where required.
The design of the a beam is based on an envelope of the design forces and thus each defined
sections, the program determines the required steel area for both the hogging and sagging
moment values form the analysis. The beam is then divided into sub-beams, those that can
use the same reinforcement cage and the following:
a) Same overall beam size
b) Same cover requirements.
st
63
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 04- Design and
Detailing
For each sub-beam, the section that have the largest sagging and hogging moments are
identified and the most efficient reinforcement pattern is calculated for the range of bars
specified in the design brief The program does not have a limit of bars in any one layer as
long as the spacing requirements specified n the code are satisfied. The program can handle a
maximum of four (4) layers of reinforcement, two each for the top and bottom layers.
ritical Hogging
Moment
riti cal Sagging Zone 2

oment
The actual amount of steel required as well as the maximum allowable and minimum
required steel for flexure is shown as ROW, ROWMX and ROWMIN, respectively.
p=As/bd : ROW (actual required flexural reinforcement)

pmax=Asmax/bd : ROWMX (maximum allowable flexural reinforcement)
pmin=Asmin/bd : ROWMN (minimum required flexural reinforcement)
It is important to note that the beams are designed for flexural moment MZ only. The
moment, MY, is not considered in the flexural design.
I
MYY
r,
l-7-
aver 1
Layer 2
ly~j
2.2. SHEAR AND TORSION
Shear reinforcement is calculated to resist both shear forces and torsional moments. Shear
forces are calculated at a distance (d+SFACE) and (d+EFACE) away from the end of the
nodes of the beam. SFACE and EFACE have default values of0.0 unless provided under the
design parameters.

64
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete BuildingusingSTAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 04-Design and
Detailing
COLUMN ELEMENT LINE STEEL

REINFORCEMENTS
BEAM ELEMENT LINE
SHEAR FORCE AND TORSIONAL

MOMENTLOCATION CALCULATED
In the ACI Code, the design for torsion is based on the spaced truss analogy. After torsional
cracking occurs, the torque is resisted by closed stirrups, longitudinal bars, and concrete
compression diagonals.
Basically the design procedure for torsion is similar to that for flexural shear. When the
factored torsional moment applied on a section exceeds that which the concrete can resist,
torsional cracks develop, and consequently torsional reinforcement in the fonn of closed
stirrups or hoop reinforcement must be provided.
In addition to the closed stirrups, longitudinal steel bars are provided in the comers of the
stirrups and are well distributed around the section. The reinforcement required for torsion
must be added to that required for shear, bending moment, and axial forces. Spandrel beams
and end beams are the common beams that are expected to undergo torsion stresses other
than shear and flexural stresses.
2.3. DESIGN FOR ANCHORAGE
In the output for flexural design, the anchorage details are also provided. The coordinates of
the START and END points are obtained after taking into account the anchorage
requirements as discuss in the ACl 318 chapter 12. STAAD Pro output shows only where
anchorage is required by YES or NO comment. The designer must apply the anchorage
details at the ends where it is required. The detail is shown in the figure below. See output
result where the anchorage is required at ends of beams.
HOOK IF ANCHOR IS YES AT START AND/OR END

65
Detailing
EXTERIOR COLUMN FACE
INTERIOR COLUMN FACE

(CRITICAL SECTION)
~
W( 4db
4db or 2.5" min
~ 5db
~ j 6db
!.,.<----->~'
l I
Ldb - development length
i I
I 10mm to 20mm (D=6db)
if
25mm to 36mm (D=Bdb)
43mm, 57mm (D=10db)
12
~~ t I
3. STAAD Pro DESIGN INPUT PARAMETERS
From the STAAD Pro syntax, the parameters are first stated overricting any default value.
One must be aware that while the program executes the design, the design output must be
checked against the code, especially the seismic provisions on detailing requirements.
Parameter Name Default Value Description

FYMAIN * 60,000 psi (414 MPa) Yield Stress for main reinforcing steel
FYSEC * 60,000 psi (414 MPa) Yield Stress for Secondru.v Steel
FC * 4,000 psi (28 MPa) Compressive Strength of Concrete
CLT *1.5 inch (37.5 nnn) Clear cover for top reinforcement
CLB * 1.5 inch (37.5 nnn) Clear cover for bottom reinforcement
CLS *1.5 inch (37.5 mm) Clear cover for side reinforcement
MINMAIN** #4 (12mm) Min main reinforcement bar size
MINSEC ** #4 (12mm) Min secondarv reinforcement bar size
MAXMAIN** #18 (57mm) Max main reinforcement bar size
SPACE *0.0 If specified, the shear force at the start of
the beam is computed at the distance of
SFACE+d from the start joint of the
member.
EFACE *0.0 If specified, the shear force at the end of
the beam is computed at the distance of
EFACE+d from the start joint of the
member.
REINF 0.0 Tied column. A value of I. 0 will mean
spiral column.
WIDTH *ZD Width of concrete member. This value
defaults to ZD as provided under member
properties.
DEPTH *YD Depth of concrete member. This value
defaults to YD as provided under member
properties.
I sr Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference >
66
Detailing
NSECTION*** 12 Number of equally-spaced sections to be

considered in finding critical moments for
beam design.
TRACK 0.0 BEAM DESIGN:
With TRACK set to 0.0, critical moments
will not be printed out with beam design
report.
A value of 1.0 will mean a print out.
A value of2.0 will print out required steel
areas for al intermediate sections
specified by NSECTION.
COLUMN DESIGN:
TRACK 0.0 prints out detailed design
results.
TRACK LO prints out column interaction
analysis results in addition to TRACK 0.0
output.
TRACK 2.0 prints out schematic
interaction diagram and intermediate
interaction values in addition to all of the
above.
RHOMN 0.01 (indicates I%) Minimum reinforcement required in a
concrete column. ACI code allows I% to
8%.
* This values must be provided in the current unit system being used.
** Bar sizes must be in "mm" when using metric units.
*** maximum section is 20
EXAMPLE OF DESIGN BRIEF FOR BEAMS
UNIT KN METER
START CONCRETE DESIGN
CODE ACI 2002
FYMAIN414ALL
MAXMAIN20ALL
CLB40MM
DESIGN BEAM 1 7 10
END CONCRETE DEISGN
In the STAAD Pro V8i (SELECT Series 1), three versions of the ACI code are currently
implemented, the 1999, 2002, and 2005 edition.
To access the the 1999 edition, specify the commands:

CODE ACI 1999

67
Detailing
To access the 2002 edition, specify the commands:

CODE ACI 2002
To access the 2005 edition, specify the commands

CODEACI
or
CODE ACI 2005
ACTUAL OUTPUT OF DESIGN

/,.•······. ~-"',
BEAM NO. 97 DESIGN RESULTS - FLEXURE PER CODE C::,318-05 f
"-
LEN - 5000. MM FY - 275. FC- 21. MPA, SIZE- 300. X 400. .
~Check1tAC131s-os
~----
to comply with
NSCP2010
LEVEL HEIGHT BARINFO FROM TO ANCHOR
(MM) (MM) (MM) STA END
/
1 54. 5-12MM 802. 3989. NO NO
2 342. 4-20MM 0. 1484. YES NO
3 342. 4-20MM 3308. 5000. NO YES
'·
Override these value$
BEAM NO. 97 DE S I G N RES ULT S - SHEAR If longltudlnal
reinforcement for
toralon Is required.
AT START SUPPORT- Vu= 68.16 KNS Ve= 81.19 KNS Vs= 9.70 KNS
Tu= 0.34 KN-MET Tc= 2.9 KN-MET Ts= 0.0 KN-MET LOAD 4
NO STIRRUPS ARE REQUIRED FOR TORSION.
REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED FOR SHEAR.
PROVIDE 10 MM 2-LEGGED STIRRUPS AT 178. MM C/C FOR 2158. MM
ADDITIONAL LONGITUDINAL STEEL REQD. FOR TORSIONAL RESISTANCE=
0.00 SQ.CM.
AT END SUPPORT- Vu= 70.66 KNS Ve= 81.19 KNS Vs= 13.03 KNS
Tu= 0.34 KN-MET Tc= 2.9 KN-MET Ts= 0.0 KN-MET LOAD 4
NO STIRRUPS ARE REQUIRED FOR TORSION.
REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED FOR SHEAR.
PROVIDE 10 MM 2-LEGGED STIRRUPS AT 178. MM CIC FOR 2158. MM
ADDITIONAL LONGITUDINAL STEEL REQD. FOR TORSIONAL RESISTANCE=
0.00 SQ.CM.

68
Detailing
56J 5000X 300X 400 58J

I I
II II
j 4No20 H 342.j 0.TO 1484 j4No20jH 342.3308. TO 5000 I
j 14*10c/cl 78 j I I I I I j 14*10c/c178 I
I 5No12 Hj 54. 802.TO 3989 IIII
I
I I I I I I I I I
0000 I I 0000 I I I I 0000 I I 0000 I
4#20 I I 4#20 I I I I 4#20 I I 4#20 I
I I I I I I I I I
I I 5#12 I I 5#12 I I 5#12 I I I
I I I I
,,_
I I I I I
00000 00000 00000
I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I
In the actual output, should there be a value for additional longitudinal reinforcement for
torsional resistance, the area shall be added to the steel area supplied for flexural resistance.
Furthermore, the same applies for the web reinforcement. The equation bellow explains the
point clearly:
A=Af+ Atl
Aw=As+Atw
Where:
A - total area for longitudinal reinforcement
Af - area for flexural resistance
Atl - area for longitudinal torsional resistance
Aw - total area for web reinforcement
As - area for shear resistance
Atw - area for web torsional resistance
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT STRUCTURES
At this point the design output of STAAD Pro is compliant to ACI 18-08 or NSCP 2010
except the seismic detailing requirements. At this level the designer must not end his design
based on the STAAD Pro output, since the detailing output does not automatically include
the seismic provision requirements. He must incorporate these seismic requirements to the
STAAD Pro output and introduce some modifications.
Since the Philippines is situated in a high seismic risk region, Special moment resisting
frames (SMRF) is commonly adopted as the type of structural framing that is designed and

69
Analysis and Design ofFour Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STMD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Module 04 - Design and
Detailing
detailed to sustain strong earthquakes. Special provisions for designing and detailing are
given for
1) Flexural members of special moment frames such as members subjected only to
bending.
2) Special moment frame members subjected to bending and axial load such as
columns.
3) Joints of special moment frames.
4.A. SECTION SIZE
Flexural members shall satisfy the following: (ACI 318-08 Section 21.3.1.1)
5. Clear span In 2 4 x effective depth, d.
6. The flexural member width-to-depth ratio, bid 2 0.3
7. Flexural member width b 2 250mm (10").
8. Flexural member width, bs of the supporting member plus distances on
each side of the supporting member not exceeding ¾ of the depth of the
flexural member.
4.B. LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT
Longitudinal reinforcement requirements (ACI 318-08 Section 21.3.2 or NSCP 2010, Section
421.5.2.1
1. Longitudinal reinforcement for both top and bottom steel (A) should be in the
range defined as follows:
lfbd
4.fy
:S (A) :S 0.025bd (SI system)
l.4bd
jy
2. The positive moment strength at joint face should be greater or equal ½

negative moment strength at that face of the joint:
Left joint
Right Joint
3. Neither the negative nor the positive moment strength that any section along the
member should be less than ¼ the maximum strength provided at the face of either
joint.
4. Neither the negative nor the positive moment strength at any section along the
member should be less than ¼ the maximum moment strength provided at the face of
either joint.

70
Detailing
5. Lap splices of flexural reinforcement are permitted only if hoop or spiral

reinforcement is provided over the lap length. Maximum spacing of the transverse
reinforcement enclosing the lapped bars shall not exceed d/4 or 100mm. Lap splices
shall not be used:
a. Within the joints;
b. Within a distance of twice the member depth from the face of the joint; and
c. At locations where analysis indicates flexural yielding caused by inelastic
lateral displacements of the frame (i.e. formation of plastic hinges).
4.C. TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
Transverse reinforcement requirement. (ACI 318-08 Code Section 21.3.3 or NSCP 2010
421.5.3)
For special moment resisting spaced frame, plastic hinges will form at the ends of flexural
members. Those locations should be specially detailed to ensure sufficient ductility of the
frame members. Transverse reinforcement gives lateral support for the longitudinal
reinforcement and assists concrete to resist shear. It should satisfy the following:
1. Hoops are required over a length equal to twice the member depth from the face
of the support form both ends of the flexural member.
2. Also, hoops are required over length equal to twice the member depth on both
sides of section where flexural yielding may occur, as shown below:
3. The spacing of hoops, s, should not exceed the smallest of the following values:
a.d/4
b.Eight times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar
c. 24 times the diameter of the hoop bars.
d.300 mm.
The first hoop should be located not more than 50mm from the face of the
support.
4. Where hoops are not required, stirrups with seismic hooks at both ends shall be
spaced at a distance not more than d/2 throughout the length of the member.
1• Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

71
Detailing
FLEXURAL MEMBERS
Hoop spacing is smallest of:
d/4; 8db; 24 hoop db;
300mm ; STAAD Pro output
Spacing of stirrups S d/2
50mmmax 50mmmax
2h . stirrups 2h 2h
TYPICAL SEISMIC DETAILING FOR SHEAR AND TORSION
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SAMPLE OF STAAD PRO DESIGN OUTPUT
56J 5000 X 300 X 400 58J
I
PH'tSICAL REPRESENTATION
I

72
Detailing
BEAM DETAIL WITH SEISMIC PROVISION
FromSTAAD
2" max 2" max
2900
S=178mm
5-12mm
10mm hoops/ stirrups
5000
5. COLUMN DESIGN
Column design in STAAD per the ACI code is performed for axial force, uniaxial and biaxial
moments. The loading which produces the largest amount of reinforcement is called the
critical load. Column design is done for square, rectangular and circular sections. For
rectangular and circular sections, reinforcement is always assumed to be equally distributed
on all faces. This means that the total number ofbars will always be a multiple of four (4).
The Bresler Load Contour Method is adopted by the program for such biaxial moments. The
program will iterate in steps a steel ratio of 1% to a maximum of 8%. When the equivalent
axial and biaxial moment capacities for a given steel ratio is arrived at for the assumed
column dimension without exceeding the 8% maximum steel ratio, then the total steel area
required shall be distributed equally on the cross section.
The Bresler Load Contour Equation
(Mnx)a
Mox
+(MnyJa = 1.0
Moy
Where a= 1.24. Jfthe column is subjected to uniaxial moment, a is chosen as 1.0

73
Detailing
Muy Mx Mx
Mnx=Mux Mny=-- Mox=- Moy=-
</J </J </J </J
Mux = Puey = design moment about x-axis

Muy = Puey = design moment about y-axis
Column Interaction
The column interaction may be obtained by using the design parameter TRACK 1. 0 or
TRACK 2.0 for the column member. If a value of2.0 is used for the TRACK parameter, 12
different Pn-Mn pairs, each representing a different point of the Pn-Mn curve, are printed.
Each of these points represents one of the several Pn-Mn combinations that this column is
capable of carrying about the given axis, for the actual reinforcement the column has been
designed for.
EXAMPLE DESIGN BRIEF FOR COLUMNS
UNIT KN METER
CODE ACI 2005
FYMAIN 414
MAXMAIN25ALL
DESIGN COLUMN 23 25
END CONCRETE DESIGN
COLUMN DESIGN OUTPUT
The following output is generated without any TRACK definition, thus using the default of
TRACK0.0
COLUMN NO. l DESIGN PER ACI 318-05 - AXIAL+ BENDING
FY - 415.0 FC - 25.0 MPA, RECT SIZE - 275.0 X 300.0 MMS, TIED
AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED= 882.8 SQ. MM
BAR CONFIGURATION REINF PCT. LOAD LOCATION Pill

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8-12 MM l.097 4 END 0.650
(PROVIDE EQUAL NUMBER OF BARS ON EACH FACE)
TIE BAR NUMBER 12 SPACING 192.00 MM
I" Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

74
Detailing
TRACK 1.0 generates the following additional output
COLUMN INTERACTION: MOMENT ABOUT Z -AXIS (KN-MET)
PO Pnmax P-bal. M-bal. e-bal. (MM)
2109.38 1687.50 785.43 97.75 124.5
MO P-tens. Des.Pn Des.Mn e/h
47.51 -375.48 75.04 51.21 0. 19497
COLUMN INTERACTION: MOMENT ABOUT Y-AXIS (KN-MET)
2109.38 1687.50 775.80 88.78 114.4
43.01 -375.48 75.04 3.92 0.01492
TRACK 2.0 generates the graphical illustration and pairs of the Pn-Mn curve in addition to
the above printed results.
5.1 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMNS
5.1.1 Longitudinal reinforcement (ACI 318-05 Section 21.4.2)
The area of longitudinal reinforcement, Ast, shall not be Jess than 0.0IAg or more than
0.06Ag.The lower limit of the area oflongitudinal reinforcement is to control time dependent
deformation and to have the yield moment exceed the cracking moment.
The upper limit of the section reflects the concern for steel congestion, load transfer form
floor elements to column especially in low rise construction, and the development of high
shear stresses. Spa11ing of the shell concrete, which is likely to occur near the ends of the
column in frames of typical configuration, makes lap splices in these locations vulnerable. If
lap splices are to be used at all, they should be located near the mid-height where stress
reversal is likely to be limited to a smaller stress range than at locations near the joints.
The flexural strength of the column should satisfy the following:
2-,M,,c 2:: (6/5)2.,M,,b

Where
IMnc = the sum of nominal flexural strengths of columns framing into the joint,
evaluated at the faces of the joint.
75
Detailing
D-fnh = the sum of nominal flexural strengths of the beams framing into the joint,
evaluated at the faces of the joint.
Flexural strengths shall be summed up such that the column moments oppose the beam
moments. This approach, called strong column-weak beam concept, ensures that the columns
will not yield before the beams.
Mnb
{\
5.1.2. Limiting size of columns
For special moment frames resisting earthquake induced forces shall satisfy the following
requirements as stated in NSCP 2010 Section 421.6.1.
1. The shortest cross-sectional dimension, measured on a straight line passing
through the geometric centroid, shall not be less than 300mm. (Sec 421.6.1.1)
2. The ratio of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to the perpendicular
dimension shall not be less than 0.4. (Sec 421.6.1.2)
5.1.3. Transverse reinforcement spacing (ACI Code Section 21.4.4.2 to 21.4.4.4) or

NSCP 2010 Section 421.6.4.3
Spacing of transverse reinforcement shall not exceed the smallest of (a), (b ), and (c).
d. ¼ of the minimum member dimension.
e. Six times the diameter of the longitudinal bar, and as defined by the
given equation.
35
So= 100mm + ( 0mm - hx) where 100mm < So < 150mm.
3
hx = spacing of additional cross ties or overlapping hoops, which need
not exceed 350mmin. on centers.

76
Detailing
The transverse reinforcements specified above shall be provided over a length, lo, from each
joint face and on both sides of any section where flexural yielding is likely to occur as a
result of inelastic lateral displacement of the frame. The length, lo, shall not be less than the
largest of (a), (b), and (c):
(a) the depth of the member at the joint face or at the section where flexural
yielding is likely to occur~
(b) one-sixth of the clear span of the member~ and
(c) 18 inches.
Ordinary spacing of hoops without seismic provisions which are calculated by STAAD is the
smallest of the following:
(a) 16 times the longitudinal bar diameter
(b) 48 times the hoop diameter
(c) Minimum column thickness.
The graph shows the details for transverse reinforcements applying the special provisions for
seismic requirements:
t
lo
t
l-
Clear height, lu
6 longitudina/ bar diameter
6 in.
■ 1--- ■e---
i
Larger of b or h
lo~ 116 /u
t { 18in.
lo
t
71
Transverse reinforcement requirements for rectangular hoop reinforcement. Courtesy of
Portland Cement Association / h /
hx

77
Detailing
l:rger of h 1 or h2
f., 2: 6 (Clear span)
(
18 in.
s
( h,
T
s~
[',\.
h,
Sr
.I,.
e.,
6db t
:5
!
s
6 in.
::; 4 i11. (ACJ 21.4.4.1 when cover> 4 in.)
Transverse reinforcement requirements for rectangular hoop reinforcement.

Courtesy of Portland Cement Association (Notes on ACI 318).
t
78
Detailing
ACTUAL STAAD Pro output for column
COLUMN NO. 333 DESIGNPERACI 318-2005 -AXIAL+ BENDING
FY - 413.7 FC - 27.6 MPA, SQRE S1ZE - 500.0 X 500.0 MMS, TIED

AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED= 9850.0 SQ. MM
BAR CONFIGURATION REINF PCT. LOAD LOCATION PHI
8-40MM 4.021 9 STA 0.70
(PROVIDE EQU~~Ell e,p )")trfl~ ~EACH FACE) NOTADEQUATEFOR

TIE BAR NUMB 12 Sp AcING 320.00 - - - - - - SEISMICDETAIUNG
---------------- REQUIREMENT
COLUMN INTERACTION: MOMENT ABOUT Z -AXIS (KN-MET)
-------------------------------------------------------------
9783.67 7826.94 2524.82 943.38 373.6

797.02 -4.158.80 3039.83 121.89 0.01002
COLUMN INTERACTION: MOMENT ABOUT Y-AXIS (KN-MET)

9783.67 7826.94 2524.82 943.38 373.6

797.02 -4158.80 3039.83 806.08 0.06629
-------------------------
Pn Mn Pn Mn (@Z)
I 7224.87 451.63 3612.43 851.43
PO I* 6622.79 540.67 3010.36 902.63
I* 6020.72 612.35 2408.29 941.09
Pn,maxl_* 5418.65 680.37 1806.22 921.30
I * 4816.58 741.76 1204.14 895.00
Pn I * 4214.51 798.27 602.07 853.33
NOMINAL! * Pn Mn Pn Mn (@Y)
AXIALI * 7224.87 451.63 3612.43 851.43
COMPRESSION! * 6622.79 540.67 3010.36 902.63
Pbl-------*Mb 6020.72 612.35 2408.29 941.09
I * 5418.65 680.37 1806.22 921.30
* 4816.58 741.76 1204.14 895.00
*MO Mn, 4214.5] 798.27 602.07 853.33
*
I BENDING
P-tensl* MOMENT
I

79
Detailing
COLUMN DETAIL WITH SEISMIC PROVISION
SECTION
( 424
➔
3500
2850
12mm hoops
}150
t
~·I (
8-40mm
500
)·
}"
--!,,125
450
t

80
Detailing
SEISMIC JOINT DETAILING

DETAILS ANO DETAILING Of CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT 31!,-25
,-- YAX !MUM .

SP~C,NG Of' d/4 FOO O!t.lENSlON a.s 8V1
q 'ES IN LA~~or CflEAT~~ THt.N 4~[,00r,wnj
J V
A
)I
i___1 ~E NG-H I
CL ASS "6"
LAP
sPc lCES h O!NT HOOPS M.AY 8£ SPACEO AT ·2sn•
ONLY 'll!TH[N •CR THE Q(?TH CF THE SHALlCW!:.S 1
CENTtR KAH o::- ♦ lltAtJ Wl-'EN 3EAMS Wl'iH Wl()TH ~ 3-~
I
CL EA~ COLUMN i rtM£S THE wlO!H OF THE COtUWN FRAM£
Ht IG:-i'." l;;!O TH£ fCUfl SIDES Of A COLU~~'l.
/ { CR All OT:1£A CONDITIONS, US.E
HCOPS SP~C£0 AT ·snN o.c.
)/
F
;s·~{,lj!), 3•tiSrnmlM:N,
JJ
~~~
..
r- =·,'-··.... ;
1
JO;NT
HOOPS
Ilj 1.0. ""idb FOR #j, #4, 115 (1110,#13, tti 6 j
CO..UMN HOOP HOOKS A~ EACH ENO
CCLUIJ.N HOCPS
CCLUMN HCOPS IJIJST BE PAOY!OEO IN ALL JOINTS
ANO !N T"'IE COi.LIMNS FOR A DlSTANCE, ic, ABOVE
rl~_.k~ l···Tsn
I
A~O B(LOW ,OINTS. SEE V£qTiC4l £LEVA•!ON.
rtES REOJ!REO TC RESIST SHi::•A $>!All BE HCOPS,
ANO SPAC.INC SliALl NOl Ex::EEO d/2
{W~tN t.f.CHAN(CAL SPL!CfS OR WELOf.0

S?UCES ARE usEO. NOT MORE THAN
- A~~ERNAiE BARS MAY St SPLIC£0 Al ANY
) 11 i SECTION WITH VERTICAL CtSlANCE
BE.fWEEN SPLICES 14 IN. [600mnJ OA MOR£
.:)v-j
a,~
o ►•
I~
'
-,
.__ . . I
st
.L
,.)C- l
-·-·
--r-t,
SUPPt EtJt NHRY CRUS.~ll.E:i
(ALi[RNAff. 90" ANO 135' ENOS
f., . _,1
0 (lN CuNSECLITi VE CROSS fl lS l
!l(AM lONGITHDlNAL STEEL 11.0':" SHOWN FOR CLARITY
J.-7
·r r--:J Sh = HOOP I.NO SUPPLEMlNTAllY CROSSTIE SPACiNG.
I I
NOT 10 CXCEEO Bs/4 00 ◄ #(100rrrnl
So= COLUMN TIE s~ACING, NOT TO EKCEEO Seo
J?
!
Ii i
OF VERTICALS, 2400 OF TltS, Bs/2 CR •2"(300nrn)
5t = SEE AC! .?1.4.-4.6
!
J.:+--"v-
l Ss = SMALLER DIMc~s;cN Of COLUM"I CROSS SECTION
Jo "LARGEST CO!.Uhf'I O!M(NSION, BUT NOT LESS
"il>N Of;(-S!xr.. CLEAR HE!GHT. OR 1s"{SOOmnl
Fil{. 6·-T\7Jiu1! seismic-resistant {/Clai/s: colrmms
st
81
Detailing
315-26 MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE
COLUMN HOOPS CL ASS "B" TOP

BAR SPLICE.
2 1, { l 60rrml CL. FOR JOINT HOOPS
TO END OF
HCOKS ON HOOP
BEAM BARS
.VERT;CAL SECl ION Y-Y
PLAN SECT;ON X-X
N01E: ROUND CCLUMNS CAN HAVE EITHER ~OOPS OR SPIRALS

Fig. 7(a)·•·• Typical seismic-rcsistm11 jc>hll d,-tai!s -Case J: For regw11s <)[ high St'ismic risk. lnteri.(,r mu/ sr>t.mdrt'i lw,,m 1
11,11-rower than column.
st
82
Detailing
OETAILS ANO DETAILING OF CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT 315-27
COLUMN HOOPS -- I CLASS "B ,; TOP

!--BAR SPLICE~
21,2'' [60rrm) CL. 'FOR JOINT HOOPS I
TO ENO OF
HOOKS ON
BEAM BARS I
X
X
•.JO l NT HCCPS
BEAM HOOPS
*JO[NT HOOPS MAY BE USED ONLY WITHIN
BEAM W!DTH WHERE BEAM l 5 NARROWER
TllAN COL. , USE TO REPLACE INTER I OR
J-- 1 JES ONLY.
VERTICAL SECTION Y-Y
SPANDREL
BEAM HOOPS
JOINT HOOPS
2 1, / [ 60rrml CL,
TO ENO OF
HOCKS ON
BEAM BARS
'( y
L _t
INTERIOR
BEA~ HOOPS
t
----\.~--'\,,---!
PLAN SECTION X-X
Fi~. l(b)-Typicnf .1ei.\·nuc-i't\tisti1n1 jof1u deraUs-Cose 2: For re~ions <~f ,rraderare seismic risk. Interior bet1m wider rhan
coh,mn: srandrel beamj' 1;urro~,:,•r 1/wn column.

83
Detailing
315-28
COLUMN HOOPS
2 1 ✓{ [60nm] CL.
TO ENO OF
HOOKS ON
BEAM BARS
X X
*JOlNT HOOPS
BEAM i-lOOPSl
*JC!NT HOOPS MAY BE USED ONLY W!TH!;,1
BEAM W!D,H WHERE BEAM IS NARROWER
THAN COL., USE TO REPLACE lNTERIOR
- TIES ONLY.
"VERTICAL SECTION Y-Y
SPANOREL
BEAM HOOPS
BEAM BARS
JOJNT HOOPS
2 1 ✓{ l 60mml CL.
TO ENO OF
HOOKS ON
BEAM BARS
y y
L
lNT£RlOR
BEAM HOOPS
PLAN SECTION X-X

Fig. ?(c:>-1.'.pic:al se~<mic-r,,si.<tant joim dewi/5-Co,,• 3.- For n,t;i,m; of 11wdemi, .<ei.miic •isk. fotuior hem" i;•i,f,,,. 1hm1
coltunn.: spandrel h-rtun is Stimc width as C(,1funut.
st
· 1 Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference
84
Detailing
MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE

315•24
UH.G.Dlll.lliAL 11£.IHf.!lfil.EME"i, rap ~ ll:QJ.'~t

'MINIII.UII As:;t200!>w atf~, lfi'c cw Oliy
{t.4 bw dtfy,.Jlt t>w 1111,Fyl/
MAW,t.11.1 pSO. 025
MlN?IIUM t.()VENT 511\ENGUl?. i5'1 II.AX !WM !i.OMf:N
sr~ENCTH AT rAC€ Of flffi[R JC'NT
MINIUI.JM or ? fl.I.RS, CONl i'IUUl/S T J. 8
?JS IT !Ill: tJOll£NT S fR(i.GTH AT r ACE ll cE4ST
}--y--COI. CC!![
ll.1.i.f lltCf.l!Vl PAOME~t SfRE1'GTH
., --1
t'-"1r.;._,z -.
---,T·v'-:·i
~2 17 ,
r-J-SP
·7;
i I\
.
I
f
- i
,1 ;~
! I i <
►
Hf
II J
....-1-
t l--· -·
1...:.1.f;!2.MO' p1-1 ·,···-
f-+-sPl
l
I HOO;S 'I s• If!RUPS I HOCF f-
lr>~d ~.U.MI/IL:!.!l1'Cl; ...;.EACJNG,2

V1(;JIIEE.n IIIJST PROVIDE OlJ.EIISIONS
o"1\ES iGN D(Pffi f 0~ -M A'lO +M IN lEHGftl ",,1, SPAC!~G fOR ,,ccrs
11, r,,51.Si HOOP l,ND Stfl!RUP ,:;,:14;&db Of SMAlclSf SAR; 2•®
SPAC!NC. lNCHORAC( L,NG1H, CU1-0ff Cir >!Olli', !ill 12 l'l- (300ilt>]
?:J!t.JTS OF OlSCONTINUCliS 5MS, l<l, OH'
<JAT LAP 5/'tlC(';, SPAC!NC ::,f tlOOPS
Jilr- 1r L;ss fH['I ACAOSS tOdlfJN COi1C
S'.l/4 ll(JT NCT t,Ri:iT[R T!!A"I 4•{11)()1M1J
t, L£N:)T~ $?. S"A~fMi ~T'l!Rl'UPS
-.;:d/2
ALTERNAit SIOo CF
CROS5Tlt 90• ~OOl(S
e~CE~T AT SPANO~fl~
/
EXAVPLES OF IJULT!PLE LEG HOOi':'~

STIRRUPS R(OlllREO iO R~SIS" SHEAR SHALL BC ~GOf'S OVER ~[NCTH AS S~ECl•IEO lN ACi 21,3-3.5.
nmOUCHCu~ THE Ll:.NGHl or i'LEXURAL 1.$148(:IS lt,;tA( •:lCP, HE wot REOUlflEO, H !RfltJ"S IIIJ$T Gt SPACf.O
AT NO MORE TW ~I- <!/2
Fig. 5-Typical seitmic-ri:sistalll ,1.!rai/1: /1exunil mem/i~rs.

85
Detailing
DETAILS ANO DETAILING OF CONCRf:TE REINFORCEMENT 315-35
I
NCT£ 1 l T"PICAL I
SPACING >6"{l50!Tlll]
6 BAR
f'ffl•
'· . . ('!
)6 • I N8TE l
n'PICALl 1EJ·
'. •e"
i( 11so11'1ll] _
SPAC I NC )6" { 1 50,m,]
10 BAil
17 BAR
1,
£ ◄ "'8Ul
~R so,:tAA
tu:h0t£S .(_,t Ct'Rmfft)
18 BAA Sl111h.. AR ~'tl'fM 2-t!.llt 8'J~l€.S (A tORtt!.flt 16 llAR SIWllAR

22 SAR S.IMiLAFi OtHh 3.-9,aq Q,J.nOlC.S. £4. CtmtftR; {4"61.A 8.JN!>lE5 !:A CM.M£1it
211, 8-JiR 'i.lUtLAJI nn rH •-eu S-UHOU:Sa ,,. CORMtA t
m
- --- ··-r, "M,$( [ iSDn-ml
r
-c,
~6 "MAX:' SOnml
14 BAR -L!
- - ~ ~ s~••-'-~
20 BA~ SIMILAR an• 2-EAQ ~UHC.fS £• tOl!lttn > 1C DAR Sl¥11 lR

24 8-AA S.fMtLAR n~tt ◄ ,:.:-e.u 8iJNDLC$ 51. tOONHf> 1 ◄ -Hi.;t 8~0t.'6S. 1::.1. CMN(k l
28 !UR S1U!LAR (\WITdi >&-8A-2 D.JMHfS. fA tORN!~•
A dif!erent pattern of ties may be substitu!e<'.l
!~
provided that details of the requirements are
st,awn on the contract i<.rawir19s. Single,leg De
SPLICE BAR arrangemer11s ins:ead of the one piece diamonc
~ :t
[___ _ IF RFCUl'lrrl l tie shown are an acceptable alternate.
C(); IJM"IS WI TH 2-BAR 6'JN:'.ILES
tt<.;h%: e:".1,0lc,y.,9 s;:,acial la1ge "811ic.i bare, b~r\dle~ Wl!t,cal bar$ staggered solice.s.
1 AilOU)Gt-e position cf lwoks i,1 placing $1.JCCCSSl'IIC $<Jl5 of ties or sp~~a/Jy grouped \.<iertical bars as shotWn
2 M,nimull', lap sMa be ·12 in i3t)O 111111) 1. Bars mi.st be $eclJllaly s,.,ppo,ted 10 :lrel>OOI oo;placemenl dutirg co,1cre!ir.g.
3_ i3 iuct,cat;,,; b\mt~ed bars i'1011jtas shall oo! ex:eoo lour bars e. TMl pa11~11s sMwn ma1• llCC<lmmoda,e .a:kiilional s,ng,o ban: botwoort boo
4. Elinm1d.hot1 ol :~1; lilt ctm:e, bar ITT gl'OU:Js ot -tiree fun'itt de-3r $-p,aci,19: k1 !l:- grc,1,:,s pr<.'llidod door ,;pace$ t-<>tween bars de not exceed 6 in. (150 m'll).
0 if\. (150 mm) r'rt:.!11.imtJm. Untess ntrt"flN~ spedf.ed. bars should oo so 9. t,ihrutnum cc,.,er lO fies, 11,'2 m (◄O mm) tor nonpres.tre$Sed c.asHn-Diace-
grouped. c,::fntJe.
5. Nnte ro ArtM.ectfE1\ginee1 · Ac~ep:t:-<J 1,.if'aciice. re-Quires lt'at cesign or,aw,
lrgs show Jill reqwrami&nts. fo, sphcu',g .colrnnn y.a.rflc.al$, tha1 1,5_ type ot sptir...-e.
in. Spaces °"""'"" corner tiars and il'.eoor groups of thc--,e and be1Ween
1ntariof" groups may var,. to accomrnauate a-.,&fll\J8 :spacing> 6 tn. {150 mm),
,~~-1~: tt~a~!~;!,~ag;;:: ~;~~:t~· ~~!~!Y:~~m,~i!~~r~ ckist,;,n
11. fo, uverage opaorlfJ < 6 n 1150 mmJ. one .tnfiEt<l bar may Ile located
be~ert &ach t~ 91oup ot th~ Jit'd betv.-tt,en i!I tif;!(l grot.:l) and • ~CJrllllitf bar.
fig. 13 -Sr,mdard column Ii;•_,· applicable for either prea.uembled cag,•.r or jiel,I erection.

86
Detailing
DETAILS AND DETAILING OF CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT 315-23
1.5 8.<R
~i~~~R~ 01-rERS
MIHl-
U!NlliUM Dl~I-E
-Lil.CA S~A otsw,a: .,-~,... rccw-1
,-~,..,1--0.lrf!;;
-.~PF-fR BAR lCW(R SAR
~ UJW£R BAR ~ R &AB
1 1 1 1
SECT I ON A-A uPPEA e•R
SECTION 8 -8
SECTION B'-6' Ptf(H~D &HU».GEWCNT
1.ccns1&&tt. lRR4NQ'.Wf;P(f FOR
lol.U!IIUM KUllil(R t:r' B'-'IS
6
r.
SlM
l:£ Mll'.k.--,
nb
□••
S£CT ION B-8
Tl[ ~H( At
;f~~~.~•CWG. 9 :-;
"'
1
"
.
~
ftM..L itl()w(tf1 ;.Al'

SPL ICtS •trli ..-0 Ofrstt
0ot?AtL rct.1. ~NT t.Po\CIT't !Ft. ICE
Note: ~h~e colum~ siw at~ve is ~angad frcm ~1u-N4 1upstoo, cfow~" offs.st bar$ are et!edM1 '.fl m.\\irl'.am»nQ fl;I moment ~parity
:~,:.~~~ ~s~.~~~~~-: ~~C:~~J~~1!':~~~-t~ ::!'~~!'s'u~~~~~~e~~1t~~ ~=;~usundw-

87
Detailing
REFERENCES
R. Park and T. Paulay (1975), Eccentrically Loaded Columns with Biaxial Bending,
Reinforced Concrete Structures, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.
M. Hassoun and A Manaseer (2005), Design Philosophy and Concepts, Structural

Concrete Theory and Design, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.
M. Hassoun and A Manaseer (2005), Slender Columns, Structural Concrete Theory and
Design, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.
ACI Committee 318 (2006), Chapter 21 - Special Provisions for Seismic Design, ACI
Building Code Commentary (ACI 318-05). Farmington Hills, MI.
ASEP (2001), National Structural Code of the Philippines, Volume 1: Buildings, Towers and
Other Vertical Structures, 5th Edition. Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines
(ASEP), Manila, 2001.
Technical Reference manual, STAAD Pro V8i, Research engineers International, Bentley
Solutions Center (2008)

88
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Appendices
APPENDICES

89
Analysis and Design ofFour Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Appendix A
APPENDIX A: Floor Plan and Elevation
1. Typical Floor Plan:
. ?7 nri
I I '
!
R(ll)fl I J:.tirV] I
Rh!•"
!
.,_,.,,._..,
--
-
i
\...I \...I \::f f1j
~ S ? A C E S F O .R R[ N T
®-- /1
I
11
I
1-1U)
~ r
-~
I
i I I-
-~ ~
H A I l 'it A ¥.
I
I I
,L
I I
- \...I \j - \:frt} - i--
S ? A C f. S f !) ~ R£ Nl
~
©-- r1 /1 .r-t ~
i
©- --
I ?7 h(lt'I
I
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

90
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Appendix A
2. Elevation:
~ I
I
er
I
~.
I
-t----t-~=====;::====;::=====::::;:::===tI ao..::: oEo< uvE1.
. . . ,
'
I MOO
I ti<'.£'<' I
J;
Simo
rt
I
·=j
ck 4 ~-
,e"i
~::,.,
FRONT ELEVATION

91
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Appendix B
APPENDIX B: STAAD Pro Command File
STAADSPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
JOB NAME 4-STOREY RC BUILDING
JOB CLIENT PICE-SEAD
JOB NO3
JOB REV 1
JOB PART SEISMIC LOADS & COMBINATIONS
ENGINEER NAME SEAD
ENGINEER DATE 05-Jan-l l
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 8 0 0; 3 14 0 0; 4 22 0 0; 5 27 0 O; 6 0 0 6; 7 8 0 6; 8 14 0 6;
9 22 0 6; 10 27 0 6; 11 0 0 12; 12 8 0 12; 13 14 0 12; 14 22 0 12; 15 27 0 12;
160018; 178018; 1814018; 1922018;2027018;21040;22840;
23 14 4 0; 24 22 4 0; 25 27 4 0; 26 0 4 6; 27 8 4 6; 28 14 4 6; 29 22 4 6;
30 27 4 6; 3104 12; 32 8 4 12; 33 14 4 12; 34 22 4 12; 35 27 4 12; 36 0 4 18;
37 8 418; 38 14 4 18; 39 22 4 18; 40 27 4 18; 4104 -2.5; 42 8 4 -2.5;
43 14 4 -2.5; 44 22 4 -2.5; 45 27 4 -2.5; 46 0 4 20.5; 47 8 4 20.5;
48 14 4 20.5; 49 22 4 20.5; 50 27 4 20.5; 5104 3; 52 8 4 3; 53 14 4 3;
54 22 4 3; 55 27 4 3; 56 0 4 9; 57 8 4 9; 58 14 4 9; 59 22 4 9; 60 0 4 15;
61 8 4 15; 62 14 4 15; 63 22 4 15; 64 27 4 15; 65 4 4 15; 66 4 4 18;
67 24.5 4 12; 68 24.5 4 6; 69 24.5 4 10; 70 22 4 10; 71 0 7.5 0; 72 8 7.5 0;
73 14 7.5 0; 74 22 7.5 0; 75 27 7.5 0; 76 0 7.5 6; 77 8 7.5 6; 78 14 7.5 6;
79 22 7.5 6; 80 27 7.5 6; 81 0 7.5 12; 82 8 7.5 12; 83 14 7.5 12; 84 22 7.5 12;
85 27 7.5 12; 86 0 7.5 18; 87 8 7.5 18; 88 14 7.5 18; 89 22 7.5 18;
90 27 7.5 18; 91 0 7.5 -2.5; 92 8 7.5 -2.5; 93 14 7.5 -2.5; 94 22 7.5 -2.5;
95 27 7.5 -2.5; 96 0 7.5 20.5; 97 8 7.5 20.5; 98 14 7.5 20.5; 99 22 7.5 20.5;
100 27 7.5 20.5; 101 0 7.5 3; 102 8 7.5 3; 103 14 7.5 3; 104 22 7.5 3;
105 27 7.5 3; 106 0 7.5 9; 107 8 7.5 9; 108 14 7.5 9; 109 22 7.5 9;
110 0 7.5 15; 111 8 7.5 15; 112 14 7.5 15; 113 22 7.5 15; 114 27 7.5 15;
115 4 7.5 15; 116 4 7.5 18; 117 24.5 7.5 12; 118 24.5 7.5 6; 119 24.5 7.5 10;
120 22 7.5 10; 121 0 11 0; 122 8 11 0; 123 14 11 0; 124 22 11 0; 125 27 11 0;
126 0 11 6; 127 8 11 6; 128 14 11 6; 129 22 11 6; 130 27 11 6; 131 0 11 12;
132 8 11 12; 133 14 11 12; 134 22 1112; 135 27 1112; 136 0 1118;
137 8 11 18; 138 14 11 18; 139 22 11 18; 140 27 11 18; 141 0 11 -2.5;
142 8 11 -2.5; 143 14 11 -2.5; 144 22 11 -2.5; 145 27 11 -2.5; 146 0 11 20.5;
147 8 11 20.5; 148 14 11 20.5; 149 22 11 20.5; 150 27 11 20.5; 151 0 11 3;
152 8 11 3; 153 14 11 3; 154 22 11 3; 155 27 11 3; 156 0 11 9; 157 8 11 9;
158 14 11 9; 159 22 11 9; 160 0 11 15; 161811 15; 162 14 11 15; 163 22 11 15;
164 27 11 15; 165 4 11 15; 166 4 1118; 167 24.5 11 12; 168 24.5 11 6;
16924.51110; 170221110; 171014.50; 172814.5 O; 1731414.50;
174 22 14.5 0; 175 2714.5 0; 176 0 14.5 6; 177 8 14.5 6; 17814 14.5 6;
179 22 14.5 6; 180 27 14.5 6; 181014.5 12; 182 8 14.5 12; 183 14 14.5 12;
184 22 14.5 12; 185 27 14.5 12; 186 0 14.5 18; 187 8 14.5 18; 188 14 14.5 18;
189 22 14.5 18; 190 27 14.5 18; 191014.5 -2.5; 192 8 14.5 -2.5;
193 14 14.5 -2.5; 194 22 14.5 -2.5; 195 27 14.5 -2.5; 196 0 14.5 20.5;
197 8 14.5 20.5; 198 14 14.5 20.5; 199 22 14.5 20.5; 200 27 14.5 20.5;
st
! Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference
92
Analysis and Design ofFour Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 AppendixB
201 0 14.5 3; 202 8 14.5 3; 203 14 14.5 3; 204 22 14.5 3; 205 27 14.5 3;
206 0 14.5 9; 207 8 14.5 9; 208 14 14.5 9; 209 22 14.5 9; 210 0 14.5 15;
211814.5 15; 212 14 14.5 15; 213 22 14.5 15; 214 27 14.5 15; 215 4 14.5 15;
216414.518;21724.514.512;21824.514.56;21924.514.510;
220 22 14.5 10;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 2122;222 23; 3 23 24; 4 24 25; 5 26 27; 6 27 28; 7 28 29; 8 29 68;
9 31 32; 10 32 33; 11 33 34; 12 34 67; 13 36 66; 14 37 38; 15 38 39; 16 39 40;
17 46 36; 18 36 60; 19 60 31; 20 31 56; 215626; 22 26 51; 23 5121; 24 2141;
25 47 37; 26 37 61; 27 61 32; 28 32 57; 29 57 27; 30 27 52; 31 52 22; 32 22 42;
33 48 38; 34 38 62; 35 62 33; 36 33 58; 37 58 28; 38 28 53; 39 53 23; 40 23 43;
414939; 42 39 63; 43 63 34; 44 34 70; 45 59 29; 46 29 54; 47 54 24; 48 24 44;
49 50 40; 50 40 64; 51 64 35; 52 35 30; 53 30 55; 54 55 25; 55 25 45; 56 41 42;
57 42 43; 58 43 44; 59 44 45; 60 51 52; 615253; 62 53 54; 63 54 55; 64 56 57;
65 57 58; 66 58 59; 67 60 65; 68 61 62; 69 62 63; 70 63 64; 714647; 72 47 48;
73 48 49; 74 49 50; 75 65 61; 76 66 37; 77 66 65; 78 67 35; 79 68 30; 80 67 69;
81 69 68; 82 70 59; 83 70 69; 84 71 72; 85 72 73; 86 73 74; 87 74 75; 88 76 77;
89 77 78; 90 78 79; 9179118; 92 81 82; 93 82 83; 94 83 84; 95 84 117;
96 86 116; 97 87 88; 98 88 89; 99 89 90; 100 96 86; 101 86 110; 102 110 81;
103 81 106; 104 106 76; 105 76 101; 106 101 71; 107 71 91; 108 97 87;
109 87 111; 110 111 82; 111 82 107; 112 107 77; 113 77 102; 114 102 72;
115 72 92; 116 98 88; 117 88 112; 118 112 83; 119 83 108; 120 108 78;
121 78 103; 122 103 73; 123 73 93; 124 99 89; 125 89 113; 126113 84;
12784120; 12810979; 12979104; 13010474; 131 7494; 13210090;
133 90 114; 134 114 85; 135 85 80; 136 80 105; 137 105 75; 138 75 95;
139 91 92; 140 92 93; 141 93 94; 142 94 95; 143 101 102; 144 102 103;
145 103 104; 146 104 105; 147 106 107; 148 107 108; 149 108 109; 150 110 115;
151 111112; 152 112 113; 153 113 114; 154 96 97; 155 97 98; 156 98 99;
157 99 100; 158 ll5 l ll; 159 116 87; 160 116 115; 161 117 85; 162 118 80;
163 117119; 164 119 118; 165 120 109; 166 120 119; 167 121 122; 168 122 123;
169 123 124; 170 124 125; 171 126 127; 172 127 128; 173 128 129; 174 129 168;
175 131 132; 176 132 133; 177 133 134; 178 134 167; 179 136 166; 180 137 138;
181 138 139; 182 139140; 183 146 136; 184136 160; 185 160 131; 186 131 156;
187 156 126; 188 126151; 189 151 121; 190121 141; 191 147 137; 192 137 161;
193 161 132; 194 132 157; 195 157 127; 196 127 152; 197 152 122; 198 122 142;
199 148 138; 200 138 162; 201 162 133; 202 133 158; 203 158 128; 204 128 153;
205 153 123; 206 123 143; 207 149 139; 208139 163; 209 163 134; 210 134170;
211 159 129; 212 129 154; 213 154 124; 214 124 144; 215 150 140; 216 140 164;
217 164 135; 218 135 130; 219 130 155; 220 155 125; 221 125 145; 222 141 142;
223 142 143; 224 143 144; 225 144 145; 226 151 152; 227 152 153; 228 153 154;
229 154 155; 230 156 157; 231 157 158; 232 158 159; 233 160 165; 234 161 162;
235 162 163; 236 163 164; 237 146 147; 238 147 148; 239 148 149; 240 149 150;
241165161;242166137;243166165;244167135;245168130;246167169;
247 169 168; 248 170 159; 249170 169; 250 171 172; 251 172 173; 252 173 174;
253174175;254176177;255177178;256178179;257179218;258181182;
259 182 183; 260 183 184; 261 184 217; 262 186 216; 263 187 188; 264 188 189;
265 189 190; 266 196 186; 267 186 210; 268 210 181; 269 181206; 270 206176;
271176201;272201171;273171191;274197187;275187211;276211182;
277 182 207; 278 207 177; 279 177 202; 280 202 172; 281 172 192; 282 198 188;
283 188 212; 284 212 183; 285 183 208; 286 208 178; 287 178 203; 288 203 173;
289 173 193; 290 199 189; 291 189 213; 292 213 184; 293 184 220; 294 209 179;
93
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 AppendixB
295179204;296204174;297174194;298200190;299190214;300214185;
301185 180; 302 180 205; 303 205 175; 304175 195; 305 191192; 306 192 193;
307 193 194; 308 194 195; 309 201202; 310 202 203; 311203204; 312 204 205;
313 206 207; 314 207 208; 315 208209;316 210 215; 317 211 212; 318 212 213;
319213214;320196197;321197198;322198199;323199200;324215211;
325 216 187; 326 216 215; 327 217 185; 328 218 180; 329 217 219; 330 219 218;
331220 209; 332 220 219; 333 1 21; 334 2 22; 335 3 23; 336 4 24; 337 5 25;
338 6 26; 339 7 27; 340 8 28; 341929; 342 10 30; 343 11 31; 344 12 32;
345 13 33; 346 14 34; 347 15 35; 348 16 36; 349 17 37; 350 18 38; 351 19 39;
352 20 40; 353 21 71; 354 22 72; 355 23 73; 356 24 74; 357 25 75; 358 26 76;
359 27 77; 360 28 78; 3612979; 362 30 80; 363 31 81; 364 32 82; 365 33 83;
366 34 84; 367 35 85; 368 36 86; 369 37 87; 370 38 88; 371 39 89; 372 40 90;
373 71 121; 374 72 122; 375 73 123; 376 74 124; 377 75 125; 378 76 126;
379 77 127; 380 78 128; 381 79 129; 382 80 130; 383 81 131; 384 82 132;
385 83 133; 386 84 134; 387 85 135; 388 86 136; 389 87 137; 390 88 138;
39189139; 392 90 140; 393 121171; 394122 172; 395 123 173; 396 124 174;
397 125 175; 398 126 176; 399 127 177; 400 128 178; 401 129 179; 402 130 180;
403 131 181; 404 132 182; 405 133 183; 406 134 184; 407 135 185; 408 136 186;
409 137 187; 410 138 188; 411 139 189; 412 140 190;
*** FLOORS DIVIDED INTO PARTS TO CONSIDER OPENINGS VOID***
START GROUP DEFINITION
FLOOR
_FLOORl 1 TO 17 19 TO 51 53 TO 79 81 TO 100 102 TO 134136 TO 162 164 TO 183 -
185 TO 217 219 TO 245 247 TO 249
FLOOR2 52 78 TO 81 135 161 TO 164 218 244 TO 247
- FLOOR3 - RD 250 TO 266 268 TO 300 302 TO 328 330 TO 332
- FLOOR4- RD 301 327 TO 330
END GROUP DEFINITION
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.l 7185e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 23.5616
ALPHA le-005
DAMP0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
***************************************************************
*** this sectin defines the sizes of beams and colwnns
*** the initial sizes were based on the code and arrive
*** at the final sizes after satisfying the design requirements
*** NOTE:
* the initial sizes, especially the columns are not enough
* since the given sizes requires a steel ratio of more than 8%.
*
***************************************************************
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
*** interior columns from ground floor level to third floor level ***
334 TO 336 338 TO 347 349 TO 351 354 TO 356 358 TO 367 369 TO 370-
371 PRIS YD 0.5 ZD 0.5
*** interior columns from third floor level to fourth floor level***
374 TO 376 378 TO 387 389 TO 391 394 TO 396 398 TO 407 409 TO 410 -
94
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Appendix B
411 PRIS YD 0.4 ZD 0.4

***
*** girders and beruns ***
***
I TO 16 76 78 79 84 TO 99 159 161162 167 TO 182 242 244 245 250 TO 265 325 -
327 328 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 0.35
56 TO 75 80 81 139 TO 158 163 164 222 TO 241246247 305 TO 324 329-
330 PRIS YD 0.45 ZD 0.35
17 TO 55 82 100 TO 138 165 183 TO 221 248 266 TO 304 331 PRIS YD 0.65 ZD 0.4
77 83 160 166 243 249 326 332 PRIS YD 0.35 ZD 0.25
***
*** corner columns from ground floor to third floor***
***
337 352 353 357 368 372 PRIS YD 0.5 ZD 0.3
373 377 388 392 393 397 408 412 PRIS YD 0.4 ZD 0.3
** These column members were change after some number of iterations.
* These are front and back corner columns along the z-axis
*MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
348 PRIS YD O.5 ZD O.3
333 PRIS YD 0.5 ZD 0.3
**
**
CONSTANTS
BETA 90 MEMB 333 337 348 352 353 357 368 372 373 377 388 392 393 397 408 412
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
1 TO20FIXED
*** GIRDER STRESSES CONSIDERED AT FACE OF COLUMNS ***
MEMBER OFFSET
1 TO 16 84 TO 99 START 0.25 0 0
1TO79 TO 1114 TO 16 76 78 79 84 TO 90 92 TO 94 97 TO 99 159 161-
162 END -0.25 0 0
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 53 55 101103 105 107 -
109 111 113 115 117 119 121 123 125 127 129 13 I 133 135 136 -
138 START O 0-0.25
17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 4143 45 47 49 515254 100 102 104 106 -
108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 135 -
137 ENDO O 0.25
167 TO 182 250 TO 265 START 0.2 0 0
167 TO 173 175 TO 177 180 TO 182 242 244 245 250 TO 256 258 TO 260 -
263 TO 265 325 327 328 END -0.2 0 0
184 186 188 190 192 194 196 198 200 202 204 206 208 210 212 214 216 218 219 -
221267269 271 273 275 277 279 281 283 285 287 289 291293295 297 299 301 -
302 304 START 0 0 -0.2
183 185 187 189 191 193 195 197 199 201 203 205 207 209 211213215 217 218 -
220 266 268 270 272 274 276 278 280 282 284 286 288 290 292 294 296 298 300 -
301 303 ENDO 0 0.2
*** SLAB IN-PLANE RIGIDITY IS CONSIDERED ***
MEMBER RELEASE
56 TO 74 77 80 83 139 TO 157 160 163 166 222 TO 240 243 246 249 305 TO 323 -
326 329 332 START MX MY MZ
95
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 AppendixB
56 TO 66 68 TO 75 77 81 83 139 TO 149 151 TO 153 155 TO 158 160 164 166 222 -
223 TO 232 234 TO 236 238 TO 241 243 247 249 305 TO 315 317 TO 319 -
321 TO 324 326 330 332 END MX MY MZ
SLAVE ZX MASTER 58 JOINT 21 TO 57 59 TO 70
*** SEISMIC LOAD DEFINITION ***
DEFINE UBC ACCIDENTAL LOAD
ZONE 0.4 I 1 RWX 8.5 RWZ 8.5 STYP 4 NA l NV l
SELFWEIGHT 1
MEMBER WEIGHT
1TO413 TO 16 18 TO 23 50 TO 54 76 84 TO 87 96 TO 99101 TO 106133 TO 137 -
159 167 TO 170 179 TO 182 184 TO 189 216 TO 220 242 UNI 9.9
5 TO 8 IO TO 12 26 27 30 313435 38 39 42 43 46 47 78 79 88 TO 91 93 TO 95 -
109110 113 114117 118121122 125 126 129130 161162 171 TO 174 -
176TO 178192193196197200201204205208209212213244-
245 UNI 7.32
17 24 49 55 TO 59 71 TO 74 100 107 132 138 TO 142 154 TO 157 183 190 215 221 -
222 TO 225 237 TO 240 266 TO 273 298 TO 308 320 TO 323 UNI 2.93
77 83 160 166 243 249 326 332 UNI 13.4
FLOOR WEIGHT
FLOOR I FLOAD 4.05
_FLOOR2 FLOAD 4.05
_FLOOR3 _RD FLOAD 3.55
- FLOOR4- RD FLOAD 3.55
*** GENERATION OF SEISMIC LOADS***
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE Seismic TITLE LOAD CASE 1 SEISMIC IN X-DIRECTION
UBC LOAD X l ACC 1
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Seismic TITLE LOAD CASE 2 SEISMIC IN Z-DIRECTION
UBC LOAD Z 1 ACC 1
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
*** GRAVITY LOADS***
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE LOAD CASE 3 DEAD LOADS
SELFWEIGHT Y -1
MEMBER LOAD
1TO413 TO 16 18 TO 23 50 TO 54 76 84 TO 87 96 TO 99 101 TO 106 133 TO 137 -
159 167 TO 170 179 TO 182 184 TO 189 216 TO 220 242 UNI GY -9.9
5 TO 8 IO TO 12 26 27 30 313435 38 39 42 43 46 47 78 79 88 TO 91 93 TO 95 -
109 110 113 114 117 118 121122 125 126 129 130 161 162 171 TO 174 -
176 TO 178 192 193 196 197 200 201204205 208 209 212 213 244 -
245 UNI GY -7.32
17 24 49 55 TO 59 71 TO 74 100 107 132 138 TO 142 154 TO 157 183 190 215 221 -
222 TO 225 237 TO 240 266 TO 273 298 TO 308 320 TO 323 UNI GY -2.93
77 83 160 166 243 249 326 332 UNI GY -13.4
FLOOR LOAD
_FLOOR! FLOAD -4.55 GY
_FLOOR2 FLOAD -4.55 GY
96
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STMD Pro and the NSCP 2010 ';Appendix B
- FLOOR3 - RD FLOAD -3.55 GY

- FLOOR4- RD FLOAD-3.55 GY
LOAD 4 LOADTYPE Live TITLE LOAD CASE 4 LIVE LOADS
MEMBER LOAD
77 83 160 166 243 249 326 332 UNI GY -4.8
FLOOR LOAD
FLOORl FLOAD -2.4 GY
FLOOR2 FLOAD -2.4 GY
- FLOOR3- RD FLOAD -2.4 GY
LOAD 5 LOADTYPE Roof Live TITLE LOAD CASE 5 Roof LIVE LOADS
( FLOOR LOAD
- FLOOR4- RD FLOAD -2.4 GY
*** LOAD COMBINATION TREATED AS PRIMARY LOADS***
* there is a difference in syntax between primary comb and load comb*
* for load comb, the syntax is "Load Comb 6" while in primary
* the syntax is LOAD 6 COMBINATION"
****
*From NSCP 409-1 ;:
LOAD 6 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 6 l.4DQ
REPEAT LOAD
3 1.4
*From NSCP 409-2
LOAD 7 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 7 1.2DL + 1.6LL + 0.5LLR
REPEAT LOAD
3 1.2 4 1.6 5 0.5
*From NSCP 409-3
LOAD 8 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 8 l.2DL + 1.6LLR + ILL
REPEAT LOAD
3 1.2 5 1.6 4 1
*From NSCP 409-5
LOAD 9 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 9 1.508DL + 1.4EQx + ILL
REPEAT LOAD
3 1.508 1 1.4 4 1
LOAD 10 COMBINATION LOAD CASE IO 1.508DL- l.4EQx + ILL
REPEAT LOAD
3 1.508 I -1.4 4 I
LOAD 11 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 11 1.508DL + 1.4EQz + ILL
REPEAT LOAD
3 1.508 2 1.4 4 I
LOAD 12 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 12 1.508DL - 1.4EQz + ILL
REPEAT LOAD
3 1.508 2 -1.4 4 1
*From NSCP 409-7
LOAD 13 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 13 1.208DL + 1.4EQx
REPEAT LOAD
3 1.208 1 1.4
LOAD 14 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 14 l.208DL- l.4EQx
REPEAT LOAD
3 1.208 1 -1.4
LOAD 15 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 15 1.208DL + 1.4EQz
REPEAT LOAD
97
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STMD Pro and the NSCP 2010 AppendixB
3 1.208 2 1.4
LOAD 16 COMBINATION LOAD CASE 16 1.208DL- 1.4EQz
REPEAT LOAD
3 1.208 2 -1.4
*** END OF LOAD COMBINATION TREATED AS PRIMARY LOADS***
*** ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE USING SECOND ORDER ANALYSIS
PDELTA ANALYSIS CONVERGE
LOAD LIST 6 TO 16
PRINT STORY DRIFT
PRINT SUPPORT REACTION
PRINT MEMBER FORCES LIST 350
*** DESIGN OF CONCRETE MEMBERS SHALL USE ACI 1999
CODEACI
EFACE 0.25 MEMB 1 TO 332
MAXMAIN 50 MEMB 1 TO 332
MINMAIN 16 MEMB 1 TO 332
MINSEC IO MEMB 1 TO 332
RHOMN 0.01 MEMB 333 TO 412
SF ACE 0.25 MEMB 1 TO 332
TRACK 1 ALL
DESIGN BEAM I TO 332
DESIGN COLUMN 333 TO 412
END CONCRETE DESIGN
FINISH

98
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 AppendixC
APPENDIX C: STAAD Models
1. Isometric Model
E Mi WiESI s:mrsw,
¥ file ~dit . ~~' TOG~ _ ~~ ~~~ ~~~~- ~~~ ¥\find:-' ~•Ip --··--· ... ,. -- ..,.. -- . ----_. ...·. -. -- --- - -- l-'.;l'r'·- x_
;~~~~~~~~~~~~.;;_~;;,_~~~~~~ : ~dal_~~~;~;~~ :r~~~~-,!s::!:, ~; ~-:

_An•~
• at "' i}I> lfl ~ J"'J,ri.,.., ; i' ra 1l1I t,-
ii__~:!>',- !I> ll .. ■ 1111111..;:,; TO 1111 at-°" ♦ G iii;'_:•.\,,,. ·-• -•~ ·;, 91' 'lit 'iii,,. '•- .-
- - -
!lo pc,,,;tr~r,:;r ·•~\.inu Sl~f f)e,;lon ( on(:rP>to u ......f.)lt ~ OfllI)flll•'lll (W<;J,;)fl l!dv;,n.; 1111 J fHlW•'• :Uon f)p<;.l<Jt'I hd'Jtm, r.d :--,Jdb J),>-s~n -
!~[ ! ~
ID ~ -
11:1'
~ i
""
_,..,,wrtnrsttt ·-·rt:W
2. Typical Floor Framing
~
Mffi 4¥
a£A'\I>lfl~Ff 10"''-.. rnw. t,-
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99
Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 AppendixC
3. Typical Front Section
4. Typical Side Section

Analysis and Design of Four Story Reinforced Concrete Building using STAAD Pro and the NSCP 2010 Authors
THE AUTHORS
st
101
Shang Feng L. Liu finished his Bachelors degree at the

Ateneo de Davao University, Davao City in 1994 and a
candidate for Master of Engineering in Civil Engineering
of the same university. Presently, he is the Vice President
for Operations of both Qualitest Solution and
Technologies, Inc. (QSTI) and A.E. Botuyan Construction
and Structural Consultancy, Inc. (AEBI). He is a life
member of Philippines Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE).
He is a Board of Director and founding member of
Structural Engineers Association of Davao (SEAD) and
elected as Secretary for this year 2009. He can be contacted
at B&L Bldg., Diversion Road, Beside Ma-a Bridge, Davao City, and through telephone
numbers (082) 241-2886 & (082) 241-2924 or email through shang@qsti.net and
shangfeng_l@yahoo.com.
Elvi L. Sorrera obtained his Bachelor's degree in Civil

Engineering at the University of Negros Occidental - Recoletos
(UNO-R), Bacolod City in 1989 and Master of Business
Administration major in Corporate Management at the
University of Southeastern Philippines (USEP), Obrero, Davao
City in 2004. He is currently pursuing his Master of Engineering
major in Civil Engineering at the Ateneo de Davao University
(AdDU). He engaged as Regular Member of PICE Davao City
Chapter in 1992, and became a Life Member in 2002. He is a
Regular Member of Structural Engineers Association of Davao
(SEAD) and served as Board of Director from 2009 until this
year 2011. He is also a Regular Member of the Association of Structural Engineers of the
Philippines (ASEP) in 2008. He started working with STANFILCO - A Division of Dole
Philippines, Inc. as a Project Engineer in 1991, Project Supervisor in 1998, and elevated as
Irrigation Superintendent in 2003. Presently, he is the HEAD of Projects and System
Engineering of the company after being promoted in 2004. The author can be reached by
email at elvi.sorrera(a),dole.com or (082) 234 0241 local 4327.

102
Reynaldo 0. Aquitania is a practicing Civil/Structural

Engineer and Proprietor of Colossian Construction, Supply
& Engineering Services based in Davao City since 1997. He
was formerly a Project Management Engineer of
Amalgamated Project Management Services, Makati,
Philippines (1990-1992), Structural Design Engineer of
Trans-Asia Consultants Group, Inc., Makati, Philippines
( 1992-1994), Structural Design Engineer of Consulting &
Design Engineering, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia (1994-1996).
He is a Member of the Association of Structural Engineers
of the Philippines (ASEP) and one of the founding member
(treasurer) of the Structural Engineers Association of Davao
(SEAD). He took up Master of Science in Civil Engineering, Major in Structures, at the
University of the Philippines in 1987-1992. He obtained his B.S. in Civil Engineering degree
from the University of Mindanao in 1986. He can be contacted in his office at Ground Floor
A&J Bldg., Mt. Apo St., Davao City through telephone nos. (082)2272718, or mobile nos.
09209458019, 09228801548, or through email reyquitania@yahoo.com.
Allan E. Botuyan finished his Masters of Science in Civil

Engineering (Major in Structures), as a grantee of the
Graduate Fellow Scholarship and DOST-PCIERD
Scholarship, at the University of the Philippines, Diliman,
Quezon City in 1991. He finished his Bachelors degree
(magna cum laude) at the University of the Immaculate
Conception, Davao City in 1986. As a person who loves to
teach, he was formerly a lecturer in the Engineering and
Science Department of the University of the Philippines,
Diliman, Quezon City (1989-1991)~ Dean of Engineering
Program, University of the Immaculate Conception, (1991-
1993)~ and instructor of the graduate program in Ateneo de Davao University (1993-1994)
and the University of Mindanao (1996).
He is the founding president of the Structural Engineers Association of Davao (SEAD) and a
member of the Association of Structural Engineers of{he Philippines (ASEP). Formerly, he
was the president of the PICE Davao City Chapter. He is also an Accredited Specialist in
Structural Engineering conferred by the Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE).
Presently, he is the President of Qualitest Solutions & Technologies, Inc. (QSTI) - a civil
engineering material testing laboratory as well as a provider of geotechnical investigations
and foundation solutions. He is also the President of AE Botuyan Construction and Structural
Consultancy, Inc. - a structural engineering and consultancy firm providing structural design,
assessment, structural retrofitting and consultancy services.
He can be contacted at QSTI or ABBI, B&L building, beside Davao River Bridge, Diversion
Road, Davao City, through telephone numbers (082) 241-2886 & (082)241-2924 or email
through allan.botuyan@qsti.net and aeb@mozcom.com.
st
103

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

OF FOUR STORY REINFORCED CONCRETE

SIIANG FENG L. LIU

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION or DAVAO, INC.

Copyright@2011, The Structural Engineers Association of Davao, Inc.

Structural Engineers Association of Davao, Inc. (SEAD)

B & L Building, Beside Davao River Bridge

Telefax No. : (082) 241-2886

MODULE 01: Structure Modeling 1

MODULE 02: Application of Primary Loading 16

MODULE OJ: Load Combination and Analysis 45

MODULE 04: Design and Detailing 62

THE AUTHORS 101

l' Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

MODULE 01: STRUCTURE MODELING

I Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

MODULE 01: STRUCTURE MODELING

Shang Feng Liu, PICE, SEAD

An accurate prediction of the behavior of a structure subjected to external loadings is

A brief discussion on slab modeling using master/slave specification to simulate the

1JJ~E.<lil:·.~ 1...is. s.i,,u-~~~ Aaalyu Mod,_w...~~··~••cd---;:_~,-~,---~=~~~~ •=• _ . """·~·~·.-J.:;.!~Lx..

1' Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

Type of structural frames and number of degrees of freedom

A degree of freedom (DOF) is defined as a direction where deformation is allowed at a joint

Type of structural members:

I' Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

3.0 MEMBER SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 Beta angles

FIGURES (a. and b.) SHOWS THE DEFAULT ORIENTATION OF MEMBER

! 0 ·•··•·.•.. 0-............._. Default orientation of the member

... g. ............... r.< ............... J....,L. ..................... ···•...

(a) Isometric view of the structure (b.) Plan of column orientation

Figure below illustrates corrected orientation of the member

(a) Isometric view of the column orientation --~:

I Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

3.2 Member Release

In STAAD Pro modeling, members are assumed to be rigidly framed into

Figure below illustrates of the use of Member Release

,,.,.;---- Moment resisting

3.2 Member Offset

When creating a model consisting of beams and columns, generally, the

Common Node Common Node

Rigid Zone Rigid Zone

I' Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

Start Face End Face

Effective span= 17 ft- 8 in

To attain the diaphragm effect of the floor, it is imperative to employ the

1 Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

Figure showing effects ofMASTER/SLA VE specifications

I' Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

GRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATION OF PLATES ELEMENTS

FX~M=O FX~Mz,Myis not 0 FX=O;&=O

1' Joint SEAD-PICE North Davao Technical Conference

6.1 INITIAL MEMBER SIZES FROM NSCP/ACI-318

The National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2010, recommends

NSCP Table 409-1-Minimum Thickness of Non-prestressed Beams or One-Way

1. The shortest cross-sectional dimension, measured on a straight line

1JJ~E.<lil:·.~ 1...is. s.i,,u-~ Aaalyu Mod,_w...··~••cd---;:_~,-~,---~=~~~~ •=• _ . """·~·~·.-J.:;.!~Lx..