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    Lecturer3, Measuring Angles in The Vertical Plane

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    manhal alnoaimy
    The document discusses measuring vertical angles using a theodolite. It describes how to measure vertical angles on both the left and right faces and calculate the true vertical angle by accounting for any index error. The steps to measure vertical angles are provided. An example calculation is given to demonstrate how to correct for index error and determine the accurate vertical angle from two face readings.

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    Lecturer3, Measuring Angles in The Vertical Plane

    Uploaded by

    manhal alnoaimy
    211 views5 pages
    The document discusses measuring vertical angles using a theodolite. It describes how to measure vertical angles on both the left and right faces and calculate the true vertical angle by accounting for any index error. The steps to measure vertical angles are provided. An example calculation is given to demonstrate how to correct for index error and determine the accurate vertical angle from two face readings.

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    lecturer3,Measuring angles in the vertical plane

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    The document discusses measuring vertical angles using a theodolite. It describes how to measure vertical angles on both the left and right faces and calculate the true vertical angle by accounting for any index error. The steps to measure vertical angles are provided. An example calculation is given to demonstrate how to correct for index error and determine the accurate vertical angle from two face readings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    211 views5 pages

    Lecturer3, Measuring Angles in The Vertical Plane

    Uploaded by

    manhal alnoaimy
    The document discusses measuring vertical angles using a theodolite. It describes how to measure vertical angles on both the left and right faces and calculate the true vertical angle by accounting for any index error. The steps to measure vertical angles are provided. An example calculation is given to demonstrate how to correct for index error and determine the accurate vertical angle from two face readings.

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    You are on page 1of 5

    Applied Surveying /2017

    Dr. SALEH JAAFER AL-MULAA

    Week No 5:

    "Measuring angles in the vertical plane"


    Objectives :

    After this week, the student should be able to:

    (a) Select the most appropriate method of measuring vertical angles.


    (b) Measure and record these angles and determined their most probable values
    and,
    (c) Understand the errors that affect angle measurement and minimize their
    effects.
    In the vertical plane, a theodolite can be used to measure either a vertical
    angle or a zenith angle. In a vertical angle, the zero angle, the zero reading
    of the vertical circle is in horizontal position and in measuring a zenith
    angle, the zero reading is in the vertical position.
    Figure -2- Shows a survey line X, Y measured on a slope.
    The angle of slope, measured on face left of a theodolite, set up at X, is
    either (15º 30' 00") vertical angle or (74º 30' 00") zenith angle.

    Zent
    hz h

    Horizo
    n
    h

    X Fig. -2-

    1
    Applied Surveying /2017
    Dr. SALEH JAAFER AL-MULAA

    Measurement of vertical angles


    It should be remembered that the construction of the theodolite is such
    that the vertical circle moves with the telescope and the index marker remains
    fixed, and all vertical angles must be measured on both face left and right. The
    procedure is as follows when measuring a vertical angle.

    1- Set the instrument to face left.


    2- Release the telescope clamp and one of the horizontal plate clamp.
    3- Sight the target using the finder sights. Lock the telescope clamp and plate
    clamp.
    4- Focus the telescope on the target. The cross – wires will not be on the target
    but should be close. Use the slow motion screws to bisect the target accurately.
    5- Set the altitude spirit level (if fitted) to the center of its run and read the vertical
    circle.
    6- Change the instrument to face right and repeat operations (2, 3, 4 and 5).
    Figure -3- shows the method of graduating the vertical circle of two
    theodolites. Moreover, because of this system one reading can be obtained.

    2
    270
    Applied Surveying /2017
    Dr. SALEH JAAFER AL-MULAA

    Zenith inst.

    (a
    )
    180

    0
    e
    angl
    V.
    35
    84° 20ʹ
    90
    Face left

    90
    (b
    )
    Nadir inst.

    180
    0

    The face left reading might be:


    84º 20' 35"
    So that the vertical angle is:
    270

    90º 00' 00"


    84º 20' 35" -
    ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
    V. angle = 5º 39' 25"
    And the face right reading:
    275º 39' 35"
    Now:
    F.L. reading 84º 20' 35"
    F.R. reading 275º 39' 35"
    ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
    Sum = 360º 00' 10"
    Index error = + 10"
    So that :

    Corrected F.L. reading = 84º 20' 30"


    Corrected F.R. reading = 275º 39' 30"
    ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

    3
    Applied Surveying /2017
    Dr. SALEH JAAFER AL-MULAA

    Sum = 360º 00' 00"

    90° 270°

    Example:
    The following readings of theodolite circle for the measurement of a vertical
    angle.

    Face Left reading = 82º 10' 04"


    Face Right reading = 277º 50' 04"
    ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
    Sum = 360º 00' 08"
    Index error = + 08"
    Now Determine the correct vertical angle:
    The index error is halved and correction of (-04") is applied to both readings to
    bring their sum to (360º 00' 00").

     corr. F.L. reading = 82º 10' 00"


    and corr. F.R. reading = 277º 50' 00"
    ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
    Sum = 360º 00' 00"
    and the correct vertical angle is:

    4
    Applied Surveying /2017
    Dr. SALEH JAAFER AL-MULAA

    90º 00' 00" 277º 50' 00"


    - 82º 10' 00" or 270º 00' 00" -
    ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
    Correction V. angle = 07º 50' 00" = 07º 50' 00"
    Post- Test:

    The table below shows the field measurements of two angles of a traverse
    survey. Calculate the values of vertical angles.

    Line Face Vertical circle reading


    L 79º 30' 50"
    XY
    R 280º 30' 10"
    L 102º 13' 50"
    YZ
    R 257º 47' 10"

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