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    Asian Giant Hornet: Jump To Navigation Jump To Search

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    Amil Krishnan
    The Asian giant hornet is the world's largest hornet species, native to eastern Asia. It has a body length of up to 1.8 inches, a wingspan of up to 3 inches, and a venomous sting over 0.1 inches long. The hornet preys on other insects but can also be a threat to honeybee hives. It was recently found in the Pacific Northwest of North America, where officials are working to prevent its establishment due to the potential threat to bee populations. The hornet lives in forests across eastern Asia but has also been spotted in recent years in Canada and the United States.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Asian Giant Hornet: Jump To Navigation Jump To Search

    Uploaded by

    Amil Krishnan
    37 views7 pages
    The Asian giant hornet is the world's largest hornet species, native to eastern Asia. It has a body length of up to 1.8 inches, a wingspan of up to 3 inches, and a venomous sting over 0.1 inches long. The hornet preys on other insects but can also be a threat to honeybee hives. It was recently found in the Pacific Northwest of North America, where officials are working to prevent its establishment due to the potential threat to bee populations. The hornet lives in forests across eastern Asia but has also been spotted in recent years in Canada and the United States.

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    The Asian giant hornet is the world's largest hornet species, native to eastern Asia. It has a body length of up to 1.8 inches, a wingspan of up to 3 inches, and a venomous sting over 0.1 inches long. The hornet preys on other insects but can also be a threat to honeybee hives. It was recently found in the Pacific Northwest of North America, where officials are working to prevent its establishment due to the potential threat to bee populations. The hornet lives in forests across eastern Asia but has also been spotted in recent years in Canada and the United States.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    37 views7 pages

    Asian Giant Hornet: Jump To Navigation Jump To Search

    Uploaded by

    Amil Krishnan
    The Asian giant hornet is the world's largest hornet species, native to eastern Asia. It has a body length of up to 1.8 inches, a wingspan of up to 3 inches, and a venomous sting over 0.1 inches long. The hornet preys on other insects but can also be a threat to honeybee hives. It was recently found in the Pacific Northwest of North America, where officials are working to prevent its establishment due to the potential threat to bee populations. The hornet lives in forests across eastern Asia but has also been spotted in recent years in Canada and the United States.

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    Asian giant hornet

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

      (Redirected from Murder hornet)

    Jump to navigationJump to search

    Asian giant hornet

    Vespa mandarinia form "magnifica".

    Private collection, F. Turetta.

    Scientific classification

    Kingdom: Animalia

    Phylum: Arthropoda

    Class: Insecta

    Order: Hymenoptera

    Family: Vespidae

    Genus: Vespa

    Species: V. mandarinia

    Binomial name
    Vespa mandarinia

    Smith, 1852[1]

    Synonyms

     Vespa magnifica Smith,
    1852

     Vespa
    japonica Radoszkowski, 1857
     Vespa bellona Smith,
    1871

     Vespa
    magnifica var. latilineata C
    ameron, 1903

     Vespa mandarina Dalla
    Torre, 1894 (misspelling)

     Vespa mandarinia
    nobilis Sonan, 1929
     Vespa magnifica
    sonani Matsumura, 1930

    The Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), including the color form referred to as the
    "Japanese giant hornet",[2][3] is the world's largest hornet. It is native to temperate and
    tropical East Asia, South Asia, Mainland Southeast Asia, and parts of the Russian Far East. It
    was also found in the Pacific Northwest of North America in late 2019,[4] with three additional
    sightings in 2020.[5][6] They prefer to live in low mountains and forests, while almost completely
    avoiding plains and high-altitude climates. V. mandarinia creates nests by digging, co-opting pre-
    existing tunnels dug by rodents, or occupying spaces near rotted pine roots.[7] It feeds primarily
    on larger insects, colonies of other eusocial insects, tree sap, and honey from honey bee
    colonies.[8] The hornet has a body length of 45 mm (1.8 in), a wingspan around 75 mm (3.0 in),
    and a stinger 6 mm (1⁄4 in) long, which injects a large amount of potent venom.[9]
    The Asian giant hornet is often confused with the yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina), also
    known as the Asian hornet, an invasive species of major concern across Europe, including the
    UK.

    Contents

     1Taxonomy and phylogeny


     2Description
    o 2.1Queens and workers
    o 2.2Drones
     3Geographic distribution
     4Nesting
     5Colony cycle
    o 5.1Prenesting period
    o 5.2Solitary, cooperative and polyethic periods
    o 5.3Dissolution and hibernating period
     6Sting
    o 6.1Effects on humans
     7Parasites
     8Communication and perception
     9Scent marking
     10Interspecies dominance
     11Predation
    o 11.1Native honey bees
     12Extermination methods
    o 12.1Beating
    o 12.2Nest removal
    o 12.3Bait traps
    o 12.4Mass poisoning
    o 12.5Trapping at hive entrances
    o 12.6Protective screens
     13Human consumption
     14References
     15External links
    Queens and workers[edit]
    The queens are considerably larger than workers. Queens can exceed 50 mm (2.0 in), while
    workers are between 35 and 40 mm (1.4 and 1.6 in). The reproductive anatomy is consistent
    between the two, but workers do not reproduce.[14]

    Drones[edit]
    Drones (males) are similar to females, but lack stingers. This is a consistent feature among
    the Hymenoptera.[14]

    Geographic distribution[edit]

    The Asian giant hornet

    The hornet can be found in the Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsky Krai (southern part only)


    and Jewish AO regions of Russia, Korea (where it is called 장수말벌 "general
    officer hornet"), China, Taiwan (simplified Chinese: 大虎头蜂; traditional Chinese: 大虎頭蜂; lit.:
    'giant tiger head bee'), Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Nepal, India and Sri
    Lanka, and common in Japan, where it prefers rural areas where it can find trees to nest in[3] and
    is known as the ōsuzumebachi (オオスズメバチ(大雀蜂), literally, "giant sparrow bee"). At least
    by 2008, some popular media outlets in Japan also referred to this wasp as satsujin
    suzumebachi (殺人スズメバチ, literally, "murder hornet")[15], a name that was passed along in
    2020 to a New York Times reporter.[16]
    The hornet has been found five times in the Vancouver area: in September 2019, in Nanaimo,
    British Columbia;[17][18] in December 2019, in Blaine, Washington, on the U.S. side of the border
    adjacent to Vancouver Island;[5] two specimens collected in May 2020, one from Langley, British
    Columbia, about 8 miles north of Blaine, and one from Custer, Washington, 9 miles southeast of
    Blaine, and one sighting in June 2020 from Bellingham, WA, 15 miles S of Custer[5]. Laboratory
    findings determined that the specimens collected in 2019 from British Columbia and Washington
    were from different colonies, suggesting that two simultaneous introductions of the Asian giant
    hornet occurred in North America within about 50 miles (80 km) of one another.[16]
    In April 2020, authorities in Washington asked members of the public to be alert and report any
    sightings of these wasps, which are expected to become active in April if they are in the area.[19] If
    they become established, it is claimed that the hornets "could decimate bee populations in the
    United States and establish such a deep presence that all hope for eradication could be lost." A
    "full-scale hunt" for the species by the Washington State Department of Agriculture is underway.
    [16]

    Reports of this species from other parts of the world appear to be erroneous identifications of
    other hornet species, such as V. orientalis and V. velutina in Europe.[20]

    Taxonomy and phylogeny

    Wasps are paraphyletic, consisting of the clade Apocrita without ants and bees,


    which are not usually considered to be wasps. The Hymenoptera also contain the
    somewhat wasplike Symphyta, the sawflies. The familiar common
    wasps and yellowjackets belong to one family, the Vespidae.

    Paraphyletic grouping
    The wasps are a cosmopolitan paraphyletic grouping of hundreds of
    thousands of species,[1][2] consisting of the narrow-
    waisted Apocrita without the ants and bees.[3] The Hymenoptera also
    contain the somewhat wasplike but unwaisted Symphyta, the sawflies.
    The term wasp is sometimes used more narrowly for members of
    the Vespidae, which includes several eusocial wasp lineages, such
    as yellowjackets (the
    genera Vespula and Dolichovespula), hornets (genus Vespa), and
    members of the subfamily Polistinae.
    Fossils

    Male Electrostephanus petiolatus fossil from the Middle Eocene, preserved in Baltic


    amber

    Hymenoptera in the form of Symphyta (Xyelidae) first appeared in the


    fossil record in the Lower Triassic. Apocrita, wasps in the broad sense,
    appeared in the Jurassic, and had diversified into many of the extant
    superfamilies by the Cretaceous; they appear to have evolved from the
    Symphyta.[4] Fig wasps with modern anatomical features first appeared in
    the Lower Cretaceous of the Crato Formation in Brazil, some 65 million
    years before the first fig trees.[5]
    The Vespidae include the extinct genus Palaeovespa, seven species of
    which are known from the Eocene rocks of the Florissant fossil
    beds of Colorado and from fossilised Baltic amber in Europe.[6] Also
    found in Baltic amber are crown wasps of the genus Electrostephanus.[7]
    [8]

    Diversity
    Wasps are a diverse group, estimated at over a hundred
    thousand described species around the world, and a great many more
    as yet undescribed.[9][a] For example, there are over 800 species of fig
    trees, mostly in the tropics, and almost all of these has its own
    specific fig wasp (Chalcidoidea) to effect pollination.[10]
    Many wasp species are parasitoids; the females deposit eggs on or in a
    host arthropod on which the larvae then feed. Some larvae start off as
    parasitoids, but convert at a later stage to consuming the plant tissues
    that their host is feeding on. In other species, the eggs are laid directly
    into plant tissues and form galls, which protect the developing larvae
    from predators but not necessarily from other parasitic wasps. In some
    species, the larvae are predatory themselves; the wasp eggs are
    deposited in clusters of eggs laid by other insects, and these are then
    consumed by the developing wasp larvae.[10]
    The largest social wasp is the Asian giant hornet, at up to 5 centimetres
    (2.0 in) in length.[11] The various tarantula hawk wasps are of a similar
    size[12] and can overpower a spider many times its own weight, and move
    it to its burrow, with a sting that is excruciatingly painful to humans.
    [13]
     The solitary giant scoliid, Megascolia procer, with a wingspan of
    11.5 cm,[14] has subspecies in Sumatra and Java;[15] it is a parasitoid of
    the Atlas beetle Chalcosoma atlas.[16] The female giant ichneumon
    wasp Megarhyssa macrurus is 12.5 centimetres (5 in) long including its
    very long but slender ovipositor which is used for boring into wood and
    inserting eggs.[17] The smallest wasps are solitary chalcid wasps in the
    family Mymaridae, including the world's smallest known
    insect, Dicopomorpha echmepterygis (139 micrometres long) and Kikiki
    huna with a body length of only 158 micrometres, the smallest known
    flying insect.[18]

    She-Hulk (Jennifer Susan Walters) is a fictional superhero appearing


    in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by
    writer Stan Lee and artist John Buscema, she first appeared in Savage
    She-Hulk #1 (cover-dated February 1980).[2] Walters is a lawyer who,
    after an injury, received an emergency blood transfusion from her
    cousin, Bruce Banner, and acquired a milder version of
    his Hulk condition. As such, Walters becomes a large, powerful green-
    hued version of herself; however, unlike Banner, she still largely retains
    her personality - in particular, she retains the majority of her intelligence
    and emotional control, although like Hulk, she is still susceptible to
    outbursts of temper and becomes much stronger if enraged. In later
    issues of the comics, her transformation is permanent.
    She-Hulk has been a member of the Avengers, the Fantastic
    Four, Heroes for Hire, the Defenders, Fantastic
    Force and S.H.I.E.L.D. As a highly skilled lawyer who became a
    superhero by accident, she frequently leverages her legal and personal
    experience to serve as legal counsel to various superheroes and other
    metahumans.[3]
    She-Hulk is scheduled to make her live-action debut in She-Hulk, an
    upcoming television series as part of the Marvel Cinematic
    Universe on Disney+.
    Queens and workers[edit]
    The queens are considerably larger than workers. Queens can exceed 50 mm (2.0 in), while
    workers are between 35 and 40 mm (1.4 and 1.6 in). The reproductive anatomy is consistent
    between the two, but workers do not reproduce.[14]
    Drones[edit]
    Drones (males) are similar to females, but lack stingers. This is a consistent feature among
    the Hymenoptera.[14]

    Geographic distribution[edit]

    The Asian giant hornet

    The hornet can be found in the Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsky Krai (southern part only)


    and Jewish AO regions of Russia, Korea (where it is called 장수말벌 "general
    officer hornet"), China, Taiwan (simplified Chinese: 大虎头蜂; traditional Chinese: 大虎頭蜂; lit.:
    'giant tiger head bee'), Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Nepal, India and Sri
    Lanka, and common in Japan, where it prefers rural areas where it can find trees to nest in[3] and
    is known as the ōsuzumebachi (オオスズメバチ(大雀蜂), literally, "giant sparrow bee"). At least
    by 2008, some popular media outlets in Japan also referred to this wasp as satsujin
    suzumebachi (殺人スズメバチ, literally, "murder hornet")[15], a name that was passed along in
    2020 to a New York Times reporter.[16]
    The hornet has been found five times in the Vancouver area: in September 2019, in Nanaimo,
    British Columbia;[17][18] in December 2019, in Blaine, Washington, on the U.S. side of the border
    adjacent to Vancouver Island;[5] two specimens collected in May 2020, one from Langley, British
    Columbia, about 8 miles north of Blaine, and one from Custer, Washington, 9 miles southeast of
    Blaine, and one sighting in June 2020 from Bellingham, WA, 15 miles S of Custer[5]. Laboratory
    findings determined that the specimens collected in 2019 from British Columbia and Washington
    were from different colonies, suggesting that two simultaneous introductions of the Asian giant
    hornet occurred in North America within about 50 miles (80 km) of one another.[16]
    In April 2020, authorities in Washington asked members of the public to be alert and report any
    sightings of these wasps, which are expected to become active in April if they are in the area.[19] If
    they become established, it is claimed that the hornets "could decimate bee populations in the
    United States and establish such a deep presence that all hope for eradication could be lost." A
    "full-scale hunt" for the species by the Washington State Department of Agriculture is underway.
    [16]

    Reports of this species from other parts of the world appear to be erroneous identifications of
    other hornet species, such as V. orientalis and V. velutina in Europe.[20]

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