Chapter 1

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 43

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction
A reinforced concrete slab is a structural member, usually horizontal whose depth h, is small
compared to their length, L and width, S. It may be supported by reinforced concrete beams,
by masonry or reinforced concrete wall, by structural steel members, directly by columns.
The structural systems designed in third year (junior year) involved one-way slabs that carried
load to beams, which, in turn, transmitted to column, and two way solid slabs by method -3,
this method is no longer available in ACI code.

1.2 Loads
Loads that act on structures can be divided into three broad categories: dead load, live load,
and environmental loads.
1.2.1 Dead loads
 Are those that are constant in magnitude and fixed in location throughout the lifetime
of the structure.
 Usually the major part of the dead load is the weight of the structure itself.
This can be calculated with good accuracy from the design configuration, dimensions
of the structure, and density of the material.
 For buildings, floor fill, finish floor, and plastered ceilings are usually included as dead
loads.
1.2.2 Live loads
Consist chiefly of occupancy loads in buildings and traffic loads on bridges. They may
be either fully or partially in place or not present at all, and may also change in
location. Their magnitude and distribution at any given time are uncertain, and even
their maximum intensities throughout the lifetime of the structures are not known with
precision for values for live load to be used in building are found in ASCE 7-10.
1.2.3 Environmental loads
Consist mainly of snow loads, wind pressure, earthquake loads, soil pressures on
subsurface portions of structures, loads from possible ponding of rainwater on flat
surface, and force caused by temperature differentials. Like live load s, environmental
loads at any given time are uncertain in both magnitude and distribution.

1
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example: For the flat plate system shown below in figure below is proposed for a hospital
building. Almost all floors to be patient rooms.
 According to requirements of ASCE 7-10, select an appropriate value for floor live
load.

Solution:
According to Table 4-1 from ASCE 7-10
Minimum live (WL) load for hospitals for patient
rooms is equal to 1.92 kN/m2 ▀

2
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
1.3 Types of slabs
1.3.1 One Way Slabs
Slab may be supported on two opposite sides only as shown in Fig. 1.1, in which
case the structural action of the slab is essentially one-way, the loads being carried
by the slab in the direction perpendicular to the supporting beams the design of one-
way slab was discussed in junior year.

Fig.1.1 One way slab supported on two opposite sides only.

There may be beams on all four sides, as shown in Fig. 1.2 and of the ratio of
length to width of one slab panel is larger than about 2, most of the load is carried
in short direction to the supporting beams and one-way action is obtained in
effect, even though supports are provided on all sides.

Fig.1.2 One way slab supported on four sides with length to width larger than 2.

3
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
 For large column spacing, load may be transferred from the slab to the floor beams,
then to larger beams (usually called the girders) and in turn to the supporting columns.

1.3.2 Two Way Slab


1.3.2.1 Two Way Slab with beams
When slab supported on four sides with ratio of length to width equal or less than 2, so
that two way slab action is obtained as shown in Fig. 1.3.

Fig.1.3 two way slabs supported on four sides with length to width equal or less than 2.

1.3.2.1 Flat plate


Concrete slabs in some cases may be carried directly by columns, as shown in Fig. 1.4.
Without the use of beams or girders, such slabs are described as flat plates, this type of
slab maybe used when the spans are not large and loads particularly not heavy.

4
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Fig.1.4 two way flat plates.

1.3.2.2 Flat Slab


Flat slab is also beamless but incorporates a thickened slab region in the vicinity of
the column and often employs flared column tops. Both are devices to reduce the
stresses due to negative bending and shear around the columns, they are referred
as drop panels and column capitals respectively. Fig. 1.5a and b is showing the
flat slab.

Fig.1.5a two way flat slabs with both drop panels and column capitals.

5
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Fig.1.5b two way flat slabs with both drop panels and column capitals.

 Slabs may have only drop panels, this type of slab commonly used in parking garage
as shown if Fig. 1.6.

Fig.1.6 two way flat slabs drop panels only.

 Slab may be constructed with capital column without drop panel as shown in Fig1.7;
this type of slab is rarely.

Fig.1.7 two way flat slabs column capital only.

6
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
 Very often slabs built without interior beams between the columns but the edge
beams running around the perimeter of the building as shown in Fig. 1.8. These
beams are very helpful in stiffening the slabs and reducing the deflections in the
exterior slab panels.
 The stiffness of slabs with edge beams is expressed as a function of α f. This
expression is used to represent the ration of flexural stiffness of a beam ( Ecb*Ib)
to flexural stiffness of the slab (Ecs*Is). If no beams are used as in the case for the
flat plate αf will equal to 0.
αf = = =
 In which Ecb and Ecs are the moduli of elasticity of the beam and slab concrete
(usually the same) and Ib and Is are the moments of inertia of the effective beam
and the slab.
 The moment of inertia of a flange beam about it is own centroid axis can be
computed based on simple definition of centroid or by approximate method.
3
Ib =k*
k≈1+0.2( for 2< <4 and 0.2< <0.5

Min (h-hf, 4hf Min (h-hf, 4hf


Min (h-hf, 4hf

L-beam (Exterior Beam T-beam (interior Beam

3
 Is=
= is the width of the frame in the direction perpendicular to the beam
required to calculate αf .
hslab= thickness of slab
7
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
ℓ/2

ℓs

ℓ/2 ℓ/2

ℓs

Types of frames in slab


1. Longitudinal frames
 Exterior frame y
 Interior frame
Transverse frame

2. Transverse frames
 exterior frame
 Interior frame

Longitudinal frame x
Interior Transverse frame
Exterior Transverse frame

Exterior Transverse frame


Interior Transverse frame

Exterior Longitudinal frame

Interior Longitudinal frame

Interior Longitudinal frame

Exterior Longitudinal frame


Transverse frames
Longitudinal frames

8
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example: for the slab showing below calculate αf for B1, B2, B3 and B4
All beams dimensions are (300 x 600) and columns dimensions
(300 x 300) mm and slab thickness is (180) mm.

B1 B1 B1

B2 B3 B3 B2

B4 B4 B4

B2 B3 B3 B2

B4 B4 B4

B2 B3 B3 B2

B1 B1 B1

Solution:
For B1
Min(h-hf,4hf)=min(600-180,4*180)
Min(420,720) use 420 mm
be=300+420=720
αf =
3
Ib =k*
Check
𝑏𝑒 7 0
2< = = 2 4 <4
𝑏𝑤 300
𝑓 80
0.2< = = 0 3 <0.5 O.k
600
Section for B1 (exterior beam)
𝑏𝑒
k=1+0.2( =1+0.2*2.4=1.48
𝑏𝑤
9
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
3 300 6003
Ib =k* =1.48 =7.992*109 mm4
𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡 4000 300
𝑠= + = + =2150 mm

Exterior longitudinal frame

3 B1 B1 B1
𝑠 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 50 803 9 4
Is= = =1.045*10 mm Exterior longitudinal frame

7 99 0
αf1 = = =7.64
045 0
For B2
Beam (B2) has the same moment of inertia of (B1) because the beam has the
same dimensions.
3 300 6003
Ib =k* =1.48 =7.992*109 mm4
6000 300 B2
Exterior transverse frame
= + = + =3150 mm

B2

B2
Exterior transverse frame

3
3 50 803
Is= = =1.53*109 mm4
7 99 0
αf2 = = =5.223
53 0

11
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
For B3
Min(h-hf,4hf)=min(600-180,4*180)
Min(420,720) use 420 mm
be=420+300+420=1140 mm
αf =
3
Ib =k*
Check
𝑏𝑒 40
2< = = 3 8 <4
𝑏𝑤 300
O.k Section for B3 (interior beam)
𝑓 80
0.2< = = 0 3 <0.5
600
𝑏𝑒
k=1+0.2( =1+0.2*3.8=1.76
𝑏𝑤
3 300 6003
Ib =k* =1.76 =9.504*109 mm4
6000 6000
𝑠= + = + =6000 mm

Interior transverse frame

B3
Interior transverse frame

B3

B3

3
6000 803
Is= = =2.916*109 mm4
9 504 0
αf3 = = =3.259
9 6 0

11
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
For B4
Beam (B4) has the same moment of inertia of (B3) because the beam has the
same dimensions.
3 300 6003
Ib =k* =1.76 =9.504*109 mm4
4000 4000
𝑠= + = + =4000 mm

Interior longitudinal frame


B4 B4 B4

3
4000 803
Is= = =1.944*109 mm4
9 504 0
αf4 = = =4.89 ▀
944 0

7.64 7.64
Interior longitudinal frame
7.64

5.22 3.259 3.259 5.22


3 3
4.89 4.89 4.89

5.22 3.259 3.259 5.22


3 3
4.89 4.89 4.89

5.22 3.259 3.259 5.22


3 3
7.64 7.64 7.64

12
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example: For the slab with beams shown below calculate αf for B1, B2, B3 and B4. All beams
and columns dimensions are (600 x 400) mm (400 x 400) mm respectively, and slab thickness
is (150) mm

B3 B3 B3
B1

B1
B2

B2
B4 B4 B4

B2
B1

B1
B2

B4 B4 B2
B4
B2

B1
B1

B3 B3 B3
Solution:
Calculating αf for B1
αf =
Transverse exterior frame
B1

Check
𝑏𝑒 850
2< = = 2 125 <4
B1

𝑏𝑤 400
𝑓 50
0.2< = = 0 25 <0.5
600
B1

𝑏𝑒
k=1+0.2( =1+0.2*2.125=1.425
𝑏𝑤
3 400 6003
Ib =k* =1.425* =1.026*1010
𝑠=2500+200=2700 mm
𝑠 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏3 700 503
Is= = =7.59*108 mm4
1 026 010
αf1 = = = 13.52 ℓs
7 59 08
ℓs
Slab thickness
0.6 m

Min(hf-hslab,4hslab)=0.45 m

Slab section for B1 transverse exterior frame


Beam section for B1 in transverse exterior frame
13
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Calculating αf for B2
αf =
Check

Transverse interior frame


B2
𝑏𝑒 300
2< = = 3 25 <4
𝑏𝑤 400
𝑓 50
0.2< = = 0 25 <0.5

B2
600
𝑏𝑒
k=1+0.2( =1+0.2*3.25=1.65
𝑏𝑤

B2
3 400 6003
Ib =k* =1.65* =1.188*1010
𝑠 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏3 5000 503
Is= = =1.4*109 mm4
1 188 010
αf2 = = = 8.48
4 0

Slab thickness
ℓs
0.6

0.45 m
0.6 m 0.60.45
m m

ℓs=2.5+2.5=5m
Slab section for B2 in transverse interior frame Beam section for B2 in transverse interior frame

Calculating αf for B3
αf =
Ib=1.026*1010
𝑠=2000+200=2200 mm
𝑠 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏3 00 503
Is= = =6.18*108 mm4
1 026 010
αf3 = = = 16.6 Longitudinal exterior frame
6 8 08
B3 B3 B3

Calculating αf for B4
αf =
Ib=1.188*1010
ℓs=2000+2000=4000 mm
𝑠 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏3 4000 503
Is= = =1.125*109 mm4 B4 B4 B4
Longitudinal interior frame
88 010
αf4 = = = 10.56 ▀
5 0

14
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
 For slabs with beams between columns along exterior edges αf for the edge beams
may not be < 0.8.

Fig.1.8 two way flat slabs with edge beams.

Example: Check whether if the slab below is considered as a slab with or without edge beam
according to ACI requirements. Edge beams dimensions are (600x250) mm and
slab thickness is (150) mm, Column dimensions (250 x 250) mm

Solution:
 According to footnote in table 8.3.1.1 of ACI Code for slabs with beams between columns along
exterior edge αf for the edge beams shall not be less than 0.8, otherwise the slab will be
considered as slab without edge beams.
ℓs
αf =
Check
700
2< = = 2 8 <4
50
50
0.2< = = 0 25 <0.5
600

k=1+0.2( =1+0.2*2.8=1.56

15
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
3 50 6003
Ib =k* =1.56 =7.02*109 mm4
=3000+125=3125 mm
3 3 5 503
Is= = =8.78*108
70 0
αf = = =7.995 > 0.8
8 78 08
Then the slab is considered with edge beams. ▀

16
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
1.4 Behavior of two way slab
Two-way slabs bend under load into dish-shaped surface, so there is bending in both
principal directions. As a result they must be reinforcement in both directions by layers
of bars that are perpendicular to each other.
The ACI Code specifies two methods for designing two-way slabs. These are the
direct design method and the equivalent frame method.

 The direct-design method is emphasized in this course because an understanding of


the method is essential for understanding the concepts of two-way slab design. In
addition, it is an excellent method of checking slab design calculations.

1.5 Minimum thickness for Drop panel


Flat plates present a possible problem in transferring the shear at the perimeter of the
columns. In other words, there is a danger that the columns may punch through the
slabs as shown in Fig 1.9. Then the slab can be strengthened by thickening of the slabs
around the columns (drop panels) as shown in Fig 1.6.

Fig 1.9 punching of two-way flat slab.

17
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
They are provided for three main reasons:
1. The minimum thickness of slab required to limit deflections may be reduced by
10% if the slab has drop panels, the drop panel stiffens the slab in the region of
highest moments and hence reduces the deflection.
2. A drop panel can be used to reduce the amount of negative-moment
reinforcement required over a column in flat slab.
3. A drop panel gives additional slab depth at the column, thereby increasing the
area of the critical shear perimeter.

 According to ACI Code 8.2.4 a drop panel shall be project below the slab at least
one-fourth of the slab thickness.
 And shall extend in each direction from centerline of support a distance not less than
one-sixth the span length measured from center to center of supports in that direction
as shown in Fig1.10.

Fig 1.10 Dimensions of Drop panel.


 If drop panels do not satisfy the length requirements given in ACI Code 8.2.4 still
can be used for added shear strength and are sometimes referred as shear capitals or
shear caps (ACI Code 8.2.5).

1.6 Column Capitals


Occasionally, the top of a column will be flared outward as shown below, then this called
a column capital and it located directly below the slab or a drop panel that is cast
monolithically with the column.

Slab
Column Capital

This is done to provide a larger shear perimeter at the column and to reduce the clear
span ℓn, used in computing the moments.

18
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example: check the dimensions of drop panel shown in figure below according to ACI code.
Column dimension is (600 x 600) mm, slab thickness is (200) mm, drop panel thickness is
(400) mm.

Solution:
 Check the projected thickness for drop panel
According to ACI Code 8.2.4 a drop panel shall be project below the slab at least one-fourth of the slab thickness.
𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
hdrop=200 mm ?
4
00
hdrop=200 mm ?
4
hdrop=200 mm> 50 mm the projected thickness is ok.
 Check the length of drop panel
ACI Code state that each direction from centerline of support shall extend a distance not less than one-sixth the
span length measured from center to center of supports in that direction
1.3 ?
6
5
1.3 ?
6
1.3 m > 0.83 m ok
All requirements are satisfying for a drop panel ▀

19
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example: check the dimensions of drop panel shown in figure below according to ACI code.
Column dimension is (600 x 600) mm, slab thickness is (200) mm, drop panel thickness is
(500) mm.

Solution:
 Check the projected thickness for drop panel
𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
hdrop=300 mm ?
4
00
hdrop=300 mm ?
4
hdrop=300 mm> 50 mm the projected thickness is ok.
 Check the length of drop panel
0.6 ?
6
5
0.6 ?
6
0.6 m < 0.83 m not ok ▀

21
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
1.7 Minimum Thickness for two way slab
1.7.1Minimum thickness for flat and plate slabs.
To ensure that slab deflections is service will not be troublesome, the best approach is
to compute deflections with limiting value, methods have been developed that are both
simple and acceptable accurate of predicting deflection of two-way slabs.
Alternatively deflection control can be achieved indirectly by adhering to more
or less arbitrary limitation of minimum slab thickness, limitations developed from
review of test data and study of the observed deflections of actual structures.
ACI Code Table 8.3.1.1 establishes minimum thickness for two-way slabs;
simplified criteria are included pertaining slab thickness for flat and plate slabs
(without interior beams).

In all cases, the minimum thickness of slabs without interior beams must not less than
the following:

For slabs without drop panels: 125mm


For slabs with drop panels: 100 mm

ℓn = is the length of the clear span in the long direction of two way slab, measured face
to face of the supports (column and capital column) is slabs without beams and face of
beams or other supports (like walls) in other cases. See the Fig.1.11.

21
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Fig 1.11: ℓn in two-way slab.

22
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example 1: Find the minimum required slab thickness according to ACI Code for building
shown below in Fig. below, use fy=420 Mpa, the slab is without edge beams, Columns
dimensions are (300x300) mm.

Solution:
For exterior panel

ℓn =5000-150*2
ℓn=4700 mm

By using ACI code Table 8.3.1.1

4700
hmin= = = 156 mm ≈160 mm.
30 30

23
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
For interior panel
4700
hmin= = = 142 mm ≈150 mm.
33 33
 In common practice we use same thickness
for all slab panels
 Use the larger h=160 mm > 125 mm o.k ▀

Example 2: resolve the previous example by assuming fy=350 Mpa


Solution:
By using interpolation
For exterior panel
33;30 𝑋
=
4 0; 80 4 0;350
X=1.5
Total factor=30+1.5=31.5
4700
hmin = =149 mm≈150 mm
3 5

For interior panel


36;33 𝑋
=
4 0; 80 4 0;350
X=1.5
Total factor=33+1.5=34.5
4700
hmin = =136 mm≈140mm
34 5

For all panels use the larger h=150 mm > 125mm O.K ▀

24
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example 2: Check the slab thickness and drop panel dimension according to ACI Code for
building indicated in Fig. below, use fy=420 Mpa, slab thickness is 200 mm, drop panel
thickness is 420 mm.

Solution:
Check drop panel thickeness and dimesntions
500 4000
? = =666.66 mm
6 6
1250 mm > 666.66 mm
500 5000
? = =833.33 mm
6 6
1250 mm>833.33 mm
The thickness is o.k.
25
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
-According to ACI Code 8.2.4 the project part of drop panel shall be below the slab at
least one-fourth of the slab thickness.

00
220 ?
4
= =50
4
220 mm > 50mm O.K.

Check slab thickness

For exterior panel


n = 5000-150*2=4700mm
n 4700
hmin= = =142mm≈145 mm
33 33
200>145 the thickness is O.K.

For interior panel


n = 5000-150*2=4700mm
n 4700
hmin= = =130.5mm≈135 mm
36 36
200>135 the thickness is O.K. ■

26
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
-According to ACI Code 8.10.1.3 circular or polygon-shaped supports (Columns and
column capitals) shall be treated as a square supports with same area.

Example 4: the architectural engineer assumes 200 mm slab thickness, check weather if this
thickness is satisfying the deflection requirement of ACI Code, use fy=420 Mpa.

Solution:

n = 6000-0.89*800=5288 mm
n 5 88
hmin= = =176.26mm≈180 mm
30 30
200 mm>180mm the thickness is O.K. ■

Note: we check the thickness for exterior


panel only, because it gives the largest
thickness for deflection control.

27
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example 5: Check the slab thickness according to deflection requirement if the slab thickness
is (180) mm, and the slab is supported by edge beam (300*600) mm, columns (300 x 300) mm
fy=420 Mpa.`
Solution:

 The slab is with edge beam.


n =6000-2*150=5700 mm
n 5700
hmin= = =172.73mm≈175 mm
33 33
180 mm>175 mm the thickness is O.K ■

Example 6: Check the slab thickness according to deflection requirement for example 5 by
assuming there are no edges beams if and slab thickness is (150) mm,. fy=420 Mpa.
Solution:
n =6000-2*150=5700 mm
n 5700
hmin= = = 190 mm
30 30
150 mm < 190 mm the thickness is not O.K.

 Slab thickness is needed to be increasing to 190 mm or larger. ■

28
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example 6: Find the thickness of the slab shown below, the slab is supported by edge beams
and column capital diameter (1000) mm fy=420 Mpa

Solution:

For exterior panel

 According to ACI Table 8.3.1.1

𝑛
h=
33
𝑛=8000-0.89*1000=7110 mm
𝑛 7 0
h= = =215.4 mm≈220 mm>125 mm O.K
33 33

For interior panel

ℓn=8000-2*0.89*500
=8000-0.89*1000
𝑛 =7110 mm
h=
33
𝑛=8000-0.89*1000=7110 mm
𝑛 7 0
h= = =215.4 mm≈220 mm>125 mm O.K
33 33
Use h=220 mm ▀

29
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example 6: Find the thickness of the slab shown below, the slab is without edge beams and
column capital diameter (1000) mm fy=420 Mpa
Solution:

For exterior panel

 According to ACI Table 8.3.1.1

𝑛
h=
30
𝑛=8000-0.89*1000=7110 mm
𝑛 7 0
h= = =237 > 125 mm
30 30
For interior panel

𝑛
h=
33
𝑛=8000-0.89*1000=7110 mm
𝑛 7 0
h= = =215.4mm > 125 mm
33 33
Use h =240 mm ▀

31
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
H.W 1: Find the minimum required slab thickness according to ACI Code for the slab
shown below Fig. use fy=420 Mpa.

H.W 2: Find the minimum required slab thickness according to ACI Code for the slab
shown below Fig. use fy=420 Mpa. Beam Dimensions are (300x600) mm.

31
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
1.5.2Minimum Thickness for Two-Way Slab with Interior Beams.
The parameter used to define the relative stiffness of the beam and slab spanning in either
direction is αf .it can be calculated by equation below:

In which Ecb and Ecs are the moduli of elasticity of the beam and slab concrete (usually
the same) and Ib and Is are the moments of inertia of the effective beam and the slab.
The moment of inertia of a flange beam about it is own centroid axis can be computed
based on simple definition of centroid or by approximate method.

 According to ACI code, the two-way slab with interior beams can be found by
Table 8.3.1.2

Notes:
 β= =
 Both of ℓn and Sn are measured from face of beams.
 αfm is the average value of αf for all beams on edges of a panel.

32
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example: For the slab with beams shown below in Figure is satisfactory, use fy=420 Mpa,
beam dimension (300x600) mm ,αf1 for each beams are indicated in figure below.

7.64 7.64 7.64

5.22 3.26 3.26 5.22

4.89 4.89 4.89

5.22 3.26 3.26 5.22

4.89 4.89 4.89

5.22 3.26 3.26 5.22

7.64 7.64 7.674

Solution:

Find αfm for each panel:

Panel 1
Panel 3 Panel 2
4 89:4 89:3 6:3 6
αfm= = 4.075
4
Panel 4 Panel 1
αfm > 2
 By using the equation in ACI Code Table 8.3.1.2:
𝑓𝑦
𝑛(0 8:1400
h= or 90 (choose larger)
36:9𝛽
𝑛 6000;300 5700
β= = = =1.54
𝑠𝑛 4000;300 3700
𝑓𝑦 420
𝑛(0 8:1400 5700(0 8:1400
h= = =125.75 mm> 90 mm O.K
36:9𝛽 36:9 54
Use h≈130 mm

33
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Panel 2
7 64:3 6:3 6:4 89
αfm= = 4.76
4
αfm > 2
(0 8:1400
h= or 90
36:9
6000;300 5700
β= = = =1.54
4000;300 3700
420
(0 8:1400 5700(0 8:1400
h= = =125.75 mm> 90 mm O.K
36:9 36:9 54
Use h≈130 mm

Panel 3
7 64:3 6:5 :4 89
αfm= = 5.25
4
αfm > 2
(0 8:1400
h= or 90
36:9
6000;300 5700
β= = = =1.54
4000;300 3700
420
(0 8: 5700(0 8:
1400 1400
h= = =125.75 mm> 90 mm O.K
36:9 36:9 54
Use h≈130 mm

Panel 4
4 89:3 6:5 :4 89
αfm= = 4.565
4
αfm > 2
(0 8:
1400
h= or 90
36:9
6000;300 5700
β= = = =1.54
4000;300 3700
420
(0 8:1400 5700(0 8:1400
h= = =125.75 mm> 90 mm O.K
36:9 36:9 54

Use h≈130 mm for all slab panels ▀

34
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example: Find slab thickness for the mm
following panel, αf for each beams are
indicated in Fig. below, Fy=420 Mpa. 1.2

mm
Beam dimensions are (400x600) mm.
Solution: 1 2
Find αfm for the panel:
1.1
Panel 1
: : :
αfm= = 1.325
4

0.2<αfm ≤2
 By using the equation in ACI Code Table 8.3.1.2:

𝑓𝑦
𝑛(0 8:1400
h= or 125
36:5𝛽(𝛼𝑓𝑚 ;0
𝑛 8000;400 7600
β= = = =1.357
𝑠𝑛 6000;400 5600
𝑓𝑦 420
𝑛(0 8:1400 7600(0 8:1400
h= = =191.6 mm > 125 mm O.K
36:5𝛽(𝛼𝑓𝑚 ;0 36:5 357( 3 5;0
Use h≈200 mm ▀

Example: Find slab thickness for the interior panel that showing if figure below, αf for all
beams are 0.1, fy=420 Mpa. Beams and columns dimensions are (300x300) mm.

Solution:
Find αfm
0 :0 :0 :0 0.1
αfm= = 0.1 < 2
4
0.1
0.1

0.1

35
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
 Since αfm for the panel is less than or equal to 0.2 ,then the slab us considered without
beams and ACI Table 8.3.1.1 must apply

h=
33
=7000-300=6700 mm
6700
h=
33
=203 mm ≈210 mm > 125 mm ▀
Note: According to ACI Code 8.3.1.2.1 at discontinuous edges of slabs, if an edge beam
with αf < 0.8 then the minimum thickness required by (b) or (d) of Table 8.3.1.2 shall be
increased at least 10 percent in the panel with discontinuous edge.

Example: Find slab thickness for the


following panel, αf for each beams are
indicated in Fig. below, Fy=420. Beam
digestions are (400x600) mm.
Solution:

4: :5:0 5
αfm = = 2.875
4
αfm =2.875 > 2
36
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
By using the equation in ACI Code Table (8.3.1.2):
(0 8:
= 1400
Or 90 (greater)
36:9

 Since αf for edge beam 0.5 < 0.8, then the equation shall be increased by 10
percent.

(0 8: 8000;400 7600
= 11 1400
,β= = = = 1 36
36:9 6000;400 5600
420
7600(0 8:
= 11 1400
=190.63>90 use h≈200 mm ■
36:9 36

H.W: Find slab thickness for the panel 1, αf for each beams are indicated in Fig.
below, Fy=420. Beam digestions are (300x600) mm.

37
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
General Examples for calculating slab thickness

Example 1: Find the minimum thickness of a slab for an interior panels due to
deflection control for the following: Use fy=350 Mpa
a. Slab with beams (8.1 x 8.2) m clear span with αfm=2.3
b. Flat plate (4.4 x 4.6) m clear span.
c. Flat slab with drop panels (6.2 x 6.2) m clear span.
Solution:
Slab with beams (8.1 x 8.2) m clear span with αfm=2.3
αfm=2.3 > 2
n(0 8
= 1400
36
8 00
β= = =1.012
8 00
350
8 00 (0 8:1400
= =190.87 mm > 90 mm O.K
36:9 0

Flat plate (4.4 x 4.6) m clear span.


From ACI Table 8.3.1.1

350

For fy=280 Mpa


36
For fy=420 Mpa
33
For fy=350 Mpa (by linear interpolation)
34 5
4600
h= = =133.33 mm > 125 mm O.k
34 5 34 5

38
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
c. Flat slab with drop panels (6.2 x 6.2) m clear span.
From ACI Table 8.3.1.1

350

For fy=280 Mpa


40
For fy=420 Mpa
36
For fy=350 Mpa (by linear interpolation)
38
6 00
h= = =163.15 mm > 100 mm O.k ▀
38 38

Example 2: Find the minimum thickness of a slab for an interior panels due to
deflection control for the following: Use fy=420 Mpa
a. Slab with beams ( 8.2 x 7.7) m clear span with αfm=2.3
b. Slab without drop panels ( 5.4 x 4.8) m clear span with αfm=0.18
c. Flat plate (4.2 x 4.6) m clear span.
d. Flat slab with drop panels (6 x 6.2) m clear span.
e. Slab with beams (5.8 x 5.8) m clear span with αfm=1.5
Solution:
a. Slab with beams ( 8.2 x 7.7) m clear span with αfm=2.3
αfm=2.3 > 2
n(0 8
= 1400
36
8 00
β= = =1.065
7700
420
8 00 (0 8:1400
= =197.87 mm > 90 mm O.k
36:9 065
Use h ≈ 200 mm
39
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
b. Slab without drop panels ( 5.4 x 4.8) m clear span with αfm=0.18
αfm=0.18 < 0.2
Then the slab is considered without beams, use ACI Table 8.3.1.1
5400
h= = = 163.65 mm > 125 mm O.K
33 33
Use h ≈ 170 mm

c. Flat plate (4.2 x 4.6) m clear span.


From ACI Table 8.3.1.1
4600
h= = = 139.4 mm > 125 mm O.K
33 33
Use h ≈ 140 mm

d. Flat slab with drop panels (6 x 6.2) m clear span.


From ACI Table 8.3.1.1
6 00
h= = = 172.2 mm > 100 mm O.K
36 36
Use h ≈ 175 mm
e. Slab with beams (5.8 x 5.8) m clear span with αfm=1.5
0.2 < αfm=1.5 < 2
(0 8:1400)
h=
36:5 ( ;0 )
5800
β= = =1
5800
420
5800 (0 8:1400)
h= ( 5;0
=150.12 mm > 125 mm O.K
36:5
Use h ≈ 160 mm ▀

41
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example 3: Find the minimum thickness of a slab for an interior panels due to
deflection control for the following: Use fy=420 Mpa (60000 psi)
a. Flat slab with drop panels (6.4 x 6.4) m clear span
b. Slab with beams (6.0 x 6.0) m clear span with αfm=2.7
c. Slab with beams (5.4 x 4.5) m clear span with αfm=0.7.
d. Flat plate (4.6 x 4.6) m clear span.
Solution:
a. Flat slab with drop panels (6.4 x 6.4) m clear span
From ACI Table 8.3.1.1
6400
h= = = 177.78 mm > 100 mm O.K
36 36

Use h ≈180 mm
b. Slab with beams (6.0 x 6.0) m clear span with αfm=2.7
n(0 8
= 1400
36
6000
β= = =1
6000
420
6000 (0 8:
1400
= = 146.77 mm > 90 mm O.K
36:9
Use h≈150 mm
c. Slab with beams (5.4 x 4.5) m clear span with αfm=0.7.
0.2 < αfm=0.7 < 2
(0 8:1400)
h=
36:5 ( ;0 )
5400
β= = =1.2
4500
420
5400 (0 8:1400)
h= (0 7;0
= 152.3 mm > 125 mm O.K
36:5
Use h≈160 mm
d. Flat plate (4.6 x 4.6) m clear span.
From ACI Table 8.3.1.1
4600
h= = = 139.39 mm > 125mm O.K
33 33

Use h≈140 mm ▀

41
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example 4: Find the minimum thickness of a slab for an interior panels due to
deflection control for the following: Use fy=280 Mpa (40000 psi)
a. Slab (2.5 x 3.5) m clear span with αfm=3.2
b. Flat plate (6.5 x 7.0) m clear span.
c. Slab without drop panels (6.5 x 5.5 ) m clear span with αfm=0.12
d. Slab with drop panels (6.0 x 7.5) m clear span with αfm=0.15
Solution:
a. Slab (2.5 x 3.5) m clear span with αfm=3.2
αfm=3.2 > 2
n(0 8
= 1400
36
3500
β= = =1.4
500
280
3500 (0 8:
1400
= =72.01 mm < 90 mm Not O.K
36:9 4
Use h=90 mm
b. Flat plate (6.5 x 7.0) m clear span.
By using ACI Table 8.3.1.1
7000
h= = =194.44 mm > 125 O.K
36 36
Use h≈200 mm
c. Slab without drop panels (6.5 x 5.5 ) m clear span with αfm=0.12
αfm=0.12 < 0.2
Then the slab is considered without beams
By using ACI Table 8.3.1.1
6500
h= = = 180.55 mm > 125 mm O.K
36 36
Use h≈190 mm
d. Slab with drop panels (6.0 x 7.5) m clear span with αfm=0.15
αfm=0.15< 0.2
Then the slab is considered without beams
By using ACI Table 8.3.1.1
7500
h= = =187.5 mm > 100 mm O.K
40 40
Use h≈190 mm ▀

42
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II
Home Work
Find the minimum thickness of a slab for an interior panel due to deflection
control for the following. Use fy=420 Mpa (60000 psi)
a. Flat slab with drop panels (6.4 x 6.0) m clear span
b. Flat plate (4.4 x 4.0) m clear span.
c. Slab with beams (5.8 x 5.6) m clear span with with αfm=1.7
d. Slab with beams (8.0 x 6.5) m clear span with with αfm=3.4
e. Slab without drop panels (5.5 x 4.8) m clear span with αfm=0.19

43
Lec. Hasanain M. Al-Musawi Reinforced Concrete Design II

You might also like