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Government of Kerala Reg. No. KL/TV(N)/12

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2000

KERALA GAZETTE
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PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
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Vol. XLV Thiruvananthapuram, 20th January, 2000 No

Thursday 2000 P\p-hcn 20 114
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GOVERNMENT OF KERALA
Law (Leg. Unification) Department

NOTIFICATION
No. 20740/Leg.Uni. 1/99/Law. Dated, Thiruvananthapuram, 20th January, 2000.
30th Pousha 1921.
The following Act of the Kerala State Legislature is hereby published for
general information. The Bill as passed by the Legislative Assembly received the
assent of the.Governor on the 20th day of January, 2000.
By order of the Governor,
C. S. PADMANABHAN NAIR,
Special Secretary (Law).

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE S G P. AT THE GOVERNMENT PRESS.

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, 2000.
33128712000/DTP.
 ACT 6 OF 2000
THE KERALA HIGHWAY PROTECTION ACT, 1999

An Act to provide for the protection of highways and for the regulation of highway
development in the State of Kerala.

Preamble.- WHEREAS it is expedient to provide for the protection and

development of highways and for the prevention of ribbon development along
highways and encroachment and use of highways for purposes which will adversely
affect the safety of traffic and proper condition of highways in the State of Kerala;

BE it enacted in the Fiftieth Year of the Republic of India as follows:-

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1. Short title, extent and commencement.--(1) This Act may be called the Kerala
Highway Protection Act, 1999.
(2) It extends to the whole of the State of Kerala.
(3) It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 17th day of November,
1999.
2. Definitions.-In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,-.
(a) "animal" means any domestic or captive animal;
(b) "appellate authority" means an appellate authority constituted under
section 37;
(c) "building line" means a line on either side of a highway as may be
determined by the competent authority under section 18,
(d) "competent authority" means any officer of the Government in Public
Works Department appointed by Government by notification in the Gazette to be the
competent authority for the purposes of this Act;
(e) "control line" means a line, beyond the building line as may be
determined by the competent authority under section 18;
(f) "encroachment" means occupation of a highway or part thereof for
purposes other than traffic and any act which causes damage to the highway and
includes,-
(i) unauthorised erection of a building or any other permanent or temporary
structure, balcony, porches, facades or projections on, over or overhanging the
highway;
(ii) occupation of highway, for stacking building materials or goods of any
other description, for parking automobiles for maintenance and repair, for
exhibiting articles for sale, for erecting poles, awnings, tents, pandals, arches,
platforms, rostrums, hoardings, display boards statues, monuments of all
kinds, steps, ramps and other similar structures or stabling domestic animals
and poultry and cultivation of any kind including horticulture or for any other
,purpose;
(iii) excavation or embankment of any sort made or extended on any highway;
 (iv) dumping of waste and filthy materials which may cause hygienic and
environmental hazards, letting of waste and polluted water or other effluents
into the highway and using the highway for bathing, washing, watering and
defecating;
(v) blocking, closing, choking or restricting water flow along the sides of the
highway or across it, either free flow or guided flow through drains, channels,
conduits, sewers, cross drainage works such as culverts, weirs, undertunnels,
bridges, or aqueducts; and
(vi) blocking or closing of channels, streams or any water course which passes
through any property, either private or public, and forming part of a natural
water course which may result in accumulation of water on a highway causing
damage to road crust;
(g) "Government" means the Government of Kerala
(h) "highway" means any road, way or land declared as a highway under
section 3 and includes any land acquired or demarcated for construction of a highway;
(i) "highway authority” means the highway authority appointed under
section 4;
(j) "national highway" means any national highway in the State included in
the schedule to the National Highways Act, 1956 (Central Act 48 of 1956) or any
highway declared as a national highway under sub-section (2) of section 2 thereof,
(k) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act:
(1) "ribbon development" means growth of buildings and industrial and
commercial establishments linearly along a highway with direct access to the
highway;
(m) "right of way" in relation to a highway means the land within its
boundaries;
(n) "standard width of highway", means the width of a highway as may be
specified under section 17;
(o) "State" means the State of Kerala;
(p) "survey" includes all operations incidental to the determination,
measurement and record of a boundary or boundaries for preparation and
implementation of a highway scheme or highway development and includes a re-
survey;
(q) "survey mark" means any mark or object erected, made, employed or
specified by a highway authority to indicate or determine or assist in determining the
position or level of any point or points,
(r) "vehicle" includes any wheeled conveyance drawn, propelled or driven
by any kind of power including human, animal, motor, steam or electric power, and
includes any barrow, plough or like vehicle.

CHAPTER II
HIGHWAYS AND HIGHWAY AUTHORITIES

3. Declaration of roads, ways or land as highway.--(1) The Government may,

by notification in the Gazette, declare any road, way or land appurtenant thereto to be
a highway and classify it as a State highway or a bill highway or a major district road
or any other category of road.
 Explanation.-For the purpose of classification of highways under this section,
important roads within a district or adjoining districts serving areas of production and
market and connecting these with each other or with a State highway or a national
highway shall be considered as a major district road and arterial routes of the State
linking district headquarters and important cities or towns or important places of
tourist interest or pilgrim centres within the State and connecting them with national
highways or highways of neighbouring States shall be considered as a State highway.
(2) Every notification under sub-section (1) shall also be published by
Government in at least two daily news papers having wide circulation in the area to
which the notification relates.
4. Appointment of' highway authorities.-For the purpose of exercising the
powers and performing the duties of a highway authority under this Act for any area
or for a highway or part of a highway, the Government shall appoint, by notification,
the Executive Engineer (Roads) or Executive Engineer (National Highways).of the
Public Works Department as the highway authority of the respective area.
5. Powers and functions of highway authority.-Subject to the provisions of this
Act, the highway authority shall have the following powers and functions, namely:--
(a) to execute development schemes;
(b) to control ribbon development;
(c) to prevent and remove encroachment;
(d) to exercise such powers and functions as are necessary and incidental to
any or all of the above matters; and
(e) to exercise such other powers and functions as may be prescribed.

CHAPTER Ill
DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF HIGHWAY

6. Power to enter on land for survey, in connection with a highway scheme.-(1)

The highway authority or any officer not below the rank of an Assistant Engineer of
Public Works Department or any agency authorised by the highway authority in this
behalf, may undertake a survey in connection with a highway scheme and may for
this purpose,-
(a) enter upon any land, along with his workmen and survey team and take
measurements and levels on it;
(b) mark such levels, dig or bore into the subsoil and do all other acts
necessary to ascertain whether the land is suitable or not;
(c) set-out the boundaries of the proposed highway by placing survey marks
and cutting trenches ; and
(d) cut down and clear any part of a standing crop, or fence in cases where
survey cannot be completed, levels taken or boundaries marked otherwise
Provided that,-
(i) no such entry into a building shall be made between sunset and sunrise;
 (ii) no dwelling house or place shall be so entered except with the consent of
the occupier thereof or without giving the occupier at least forty-eight hours' notice of
the intention to make such an entry ;
(iii) reasonable opportunity and facility shall be allowed to the woman
occupying any part of a dwelling house to withdraw; and
(iv) due regard shall, so far as feasible, be paid to the social and religious
customs and usages of the occupants of the premises entered into.
(2) The highway authority or the officer or the agency referred to in sub-section
(1) shall in exercise of any power conferred by that sub-section do as little damage as
may be possible and compensation for such damage, if any, shall be payable by the
highway authority to the owner or occupier of such premises or both and in case of
any dispute as to the sufficiency of the amount of compensation, the dispute shall be
referred to the Collector of the concerned district and the Collector will take a
decision thereon within thirty days.

7. Preparation of' scheme for highway development.-(1) The highway authority

may, of its own accord, or shall, on the, written request by the competent authority,
prepare a detailed scheme for the construction of a new highway or realignment or
improvement of, or repairs to, an existing highway or part thereof and submit it to the
competent authority for sanction in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the
rules made thereunder.
(2) Such scheme may provide for,-
(a) preparation of plans after having a survey made ;
(b) the acquisition of any land ; which in the opinion of the highway
authority is considered necessary for its execution ;
(c) the laying out or relaying out of all or any of the lands to be acquired;
(d) the diversion or closure of any existing highway or a part of such
highway
(e) the construction or reconstruction of the roadway including its widening,
levelling, surfacing, bridging, sewering, draining, water supply and street lighting
arrangements, construction of overbridges and underground pedestrian crosses and
planting of trees on its sides ;
(f) the laying out of foot-oaths, cycle tracks and special traffic lanes for any
kind or class of vehicles, the designing and setting of parking bays and petrol filling
and service stations, the location of advertisement post and bill boards, and
underground ducts for accommodating telecommunication cables, electric lines, water
supply pipes and such other public utilities; and
(g) the lay out of access roads at suitable distance connecting the highway or
the proposed highway with the adjoining properties.
(3) When a highway, authority proposes to implement a new scheme or to
realign an existing highway or pail thereof, it shall notify the proposal in the Gazette
and invite objections or suggestions with respect to the proposal before a date to be
specified, in the notification.
(4) The notification shall also be published in two daily newspapers, of which
one shall be in the local language, having wide circulation in the locality where the
highway is situated, and copies of such notification shall also be prominently
displayed at least in two conspicuous places in the locality.
 (5) All objections and suggestions, received before the date specified in the
notification, shall be considered by the highway authority before finalising its
proposal and submitting it to the competent authority.
(6) The highway authority shall, after finalisation of the proposal, submit the
same to the competent authority for sanction.
(7) The competent authority may either accord sanction for the proposal, with
or without modifications or reject the proposal and shall publish its decision in the
Gazette.
8. Power to do certain acts for execution schemes.-When the competent
authority has sanctioned the highway scheme prepared under section 7 and provided
the necessary finances for its execution, the highway authority shall proceed to carry
out the work and may, for this purpose,-
(a) enter into and perform all such contracts on behalf of the competent
authority as may be considered necessary
(b) make arrangements for the acquisition of lands required for the scheme
(c) turn, divert or close either temporarily or permanently any existing
highway or portion thereof; and -
(d) regulate, subject to such rules as may be prescribed .in this behalf, the
kind, number and speed of vehicles using any highway or part thereof, by means of
barrier, diversion roads or other means.
9. Maintenance of highway plans.—(1) The highway authority shall, after
having made a survey of each highway and its boundaries, prepare and maintain a
plan as approved by the competent authority in respect of such highway.
(2) A plan maintained under sub-section (1) shall show clearly the boundaries
of the highway, the detailed measurements of road widths, the distance between
boundary marks and sufficient measurements from fixed points to enable the re-
fixation in position of boundary marks in case they have been displaced or tampered
with.
10. Demarcation of highway boundaries.-(1) The highway authority shall have
the boundaries of the highways in its charge demarcated with reference to the plans
maintained by. it under sub-section (1) of section 9, by planting stones or other
suitable marks of a durable nature at intervals all along the highway in such a manner
that the imaginary line joining, such stones or marks shall show the road boundary
correctly.
(2) Where there are bends or links in the road boundary, the stone or marks
shall be so located as to give the correct configuration of the boundary when they are
joined by straight lines.
(3) The boundary stones or marks, which may be given consecutive numbers,
shall be maintained on the ground as if they constitute part of the highway.
11. Annual cheek v highway boundaries.- It shall be the duty of the highway
authority to conduct annual cheek of the boundaries of the highway in its charge with
a view to locate and remove of encroachments, if any.
 CHAPTER IV
PREVENTION OF UNAUTHORISED OCCUPATION OF HIGHWAY AND
REMOVAL OF ENCROACHMENTS

12. Highway deemed to be Government properly. -Notwithstanding anything

contained in any other law for the time being in force all lands forming part of a
highway which has not already been vested in the Government shall, for the purpose
of this chapter, be deemed to be Government property.
13. Prevention of unauthorised occupation of highway.-No person shall occupy
or continue to occupy any highway or part of a highway for purposes other than
traffic or do any act which involves any of the activities mentioned in clause (f) of
section 2.
14. Power to give direction to take certain measures.- (1) Notwithstanding
anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, where the highway
authority is satisfied that any act which involves any of the activities mentioned in
clause (f) of section 2 or sub-section (1) of section 19 done by any person before the
commencement of this Act has caused or is likely to cause accumulation of water in
the highway or obstruction to the free flow of any water course or other damage to the
highway, the said authority may direct such person in writing to take such measures
as may be necessary to remove any obstruction or to provide for free flow of water.
(2) Any person who has been issued a direction under sub-section (1) shall
comply with it within fifteen days from the date of its receipt and such person, if fails
to comply with the direction, shall be deemed to have contravened the provisions of
section 13 or section 19, as the case may be.
15. Removal of encroachment.-(1) Where, as a result of the annual check of
highway boundaries made under section 11 or otherwise, the highway authority is
satisfied that an encroachment has taken-place on the highway under its jurisdiction, it
shall serve a notice on the person responsible for the encroachment to remove the
encroachment within such time as may be specified in the notice and if the person
fails to comply with the notice the highway authority or the officer authorised by it in
this behalf shall cause the encroachment to be removed, with the assistance of police,
if required.
(2) Whenever an encroachment is made for the purpose of exposing articles
for sale or for opening temporary booth for vending or publicity or for other like
purposes, the highway authority shall with the help of police, if necessary, have such
encroachment summarily removed.
16. Recovery of cost of removal of encroachment.-Whenever a highway
authority or the officer authorised by it remove any encroachment or carry out any
protective work in respect of such encroachment, the actual expenditure incurred for
such removal or protective work together with fifteen per cent of such amount as
overhead charges, shall be recovered from the person responsible for the
encroachment, in the manner as may be prescribed.
 CHAPTER V

PREVENTION OF RIBBON DEVELOPMENT ALONG HIGHWAYS AND

CONTROL OF ACCESS

17. Standard width of highway.-The Government may, by notification in the

Gazette, specify the standard width for each category of highway.
18. Building lines and control lines.—(1) The competent authority shall
determine building lines and control lines in respect of any category of highway in
such a way that the distance between the middle of a highway and the building line or
that between the building line and the control line shall be fixed with due regard to the
requirements of safety and convenience of traffic and of future development of the
highway.
Explanation.-For the purpose of this sub-section middle of a highway means,
in relation to any highway for the improvement of which plans have been prepared by
the highway authority, the middle of the highway as proposed to be improved in
accordance with the plans, and where no such plans have been prepared, the point half
way between the boundaries of the highway.
(2) The building lines and control lines as determined for any category of
highway or part thereof shall be published in the Gazette and in two daily news papers
by the competent authority.
19. Restriction on use of land between the highway boundary and building line.-
(1)Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force or
in any agreement or other instrument, no person shall,- .
(a) construct, form or lay out any means of access to or from a highway, or a
compound wall without a written permission of the highway authority; or
(b) erect or re-erect any building or materially alter the outside structural
features of any existing building including any additions; or
(c) alter the level of land by lowering, raising, digging or filling up except with
the written permission of the highway authority; or
(d) construct, form or lay out any works,
upon land lying in between the boundary of a highway and the building lines
determined in respect of that highway:
Provided that these restrictions shall not apply to any work in connection with
the repair renewal, enlargement or maintenance or improvement of any sewer, drain,
electric line, pipe, duct or other apparatus, constructed in or upon the land before the
date of commencement of this Act.
(2) Where any building or any part thereof lies within the area between the
building line and the boundary of a highway, the highway authority may, whenever
such building or part thereof is to be rebuilt for any reason, by notice require that such
building be set back to the building line.
20. Restriction on use of land between building line and control line.-
Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, no person
shall, except with the previous permission in writing of the highway authority,-
 (a) erect or re-erect any building or structure or alter the level of land by
lowering, raising, digging or filling up, or construct, form or lay out any means of
access to a highway upon land lying in between the building line and the control line;
or
(b) make any change in the use or purpose for which any building, constructed
upon land in between the building line and the control line, was originally intended or
authorised by the competent authority.
21. Application for permission.-(1) Every person desiring to obtain the
permission referred to in section 19 or section 20 shall make an application in writing
to the highway authority in such form with such information and together with such
fees as may be prescribed.
(2) On receipt of an application under sub-section (1) the highway authority
shall, after making such enquiries as it may deem fit, by order in writing, either,-
(a) grant permission, subject to such conditions, if any, as may be specified
in the order; or
(b) refuse to grant such permission:
Provided that the highway authority shall not ordinarily refuse permission for
the erection of a building or structure, or alteration of level of land or a means of
access to a highway which conforms to the requirements of safety and convenience of
traffic on the adjoining highway, or the re-erection of a building or structure which
was in existence on the date of commencement of this Act unless such re-erection
involve any material alteration to the outside structural features of the building or
structure.
(3) Where the highway authority refuses to grant permission the reasons
therefore shall be recorded and communicated to the applicant.
(4) Where an application for permission has been refused due to any defect of
the application, the applicant may submit a fresh application to the highway authority
rectifying the defects and the highway authority shall consider the application afresh
and pass an order thereon.
(5) If after the expiration of a period of two months from the submission of
application under sub-section (1) or sub-section (4), no order in writing has been
passed by the highway authority, permission shall be deemed to have been granted as
applied for:
Provided that no such permission shall be deemed to have been granted if the
application is for the construction, formation or laying out of any means of access.
(6) The highway authority shall maintain a register containing sufficient
particulars of all permissions granted or refused by it under this section and the
register shall be made available for perusal, free of charge, by all persons interested
and such person shall be entitled to obtain extracts therefrom on payment of such fees
as may be prescribed.
(7) Any person aggrieved by an order of the highway authority under sub-
section (2) or sub-section (4) may, within thirty clays from the date of receipt of such
order, prefer an appeal to the appellate authority and the appellate authority shall take
a decision thereon and communicate the same to the appellant in writing within one
month of the date of receipt of the appeal.
 (8) Any person aggrieved by an order of the appellate authority under sub-
section (7) may, within thirty days from the date of receipt of such order, prefer a
revision before the Government.

CHAPTER VI
SUPPLEMENTAL PROVISIONS

22. Removal of structure which obstruct the view or distract the attention of
persons using highway.—(1) Where a highway authority is of opinion that it is
necessary for the prevention of danger arising from obstruction of view or distraction
of attention of persons using a highway, especially at any bend or corner of a
highway, the highway authority may serve notice upon the owner or occupier of land
alongside or at the bend or corner of such highway to alter or remove altogether, as
the case may be, within such time and in such manner as may be specified in the
notice, the structure, the height or character of any existing wall not being a wall
forming part of a permanent structure, fence, hedge, tree, advertisement post, bill
board or any other object thereon, so as to eliminate or minimise the apprehended
danger.
(2) if any person, upon whom a notice has been served under sub- section (1)
objects to comply with any requirement of such notice, he may, within fourteen days
of its receipt, send to the highway authority his objection in writing stating the
grounds thereof.

(3) The highway authority shall, within fourteen days of the receipt of the
objection, consider the grounds advanced and shall, by order in writing, either
withdraw the notice or amend or confirm it.
(4) Any person aggrieved by an order under sub-section (3) may prefer an
appeal within seven days of the date of receipt of such order to the appellate authority
whose decision in the matter shall be final.
(5) If any person fails to comply with the notice served on him under sub-
section (1) as amended or confirmed under subsection (3) or finally decided under
sub-section (4) the highway authority may, without prejudice to any other action
which may be taken against him, take action to alter or remove the object causing
obstruction or distraction of view at its own expense and such expenditure together
with fifteen per cent overhead charges thereon, shall be recovered from such person in
the manner as may be prescribed.
23. Regulation of traffic when highway is deemed unsafe.-If at any time it
appears to a highway authority that any highway in its charge or any portion thereof
is, or has been rendered unsafe for vehicular or pedestrian traffic by reason of damage
or otherwise, it may, in such manner as may be prescribed, either close the highway or
any portion thereof to all traffic or to any class of traffic, or regulate the class, number
and speed of vehicles using the highway.
24. Prohibition of heavy vehicles on certain highways etc.- Where the
highway authority is satisfied that the surface of any highway or a portion thereof or
any bridge, culvert or causeway built on or across any highway is not designed to
carry vehicles of which the laden weight exceeds a certain limit, it may, in such
manner as may be prescribed, prohibit or restrict the plying of such vehicles on or
over such highway or part of highway or such bridge, culvert or causeway.
25. Restriction of traffic where highway is temporarily closed.-(1) Where, in
pursuance of clauses (c) and (d) of section 8, section 23 and section 24, the highway
authority desires to close temporarily any highway or part of it to traffic or to restrict
or regulate traffic thereon in any manner, it shall in writing request the authority
authorised to control traffic under any law for the time being in force to enforce such
restrictions or regulations in the said manner.
(2) Where such a request has been received from a highway authority, the
authority referred to under sub-section (1) shall take all necessary measures to enforce
the said restrictions or regulations in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
26. Consent of highway authority required to do certain acts on highway.-(1)
Any person or authority or agency intending to construct, place, maintain or carry any
cable, wire, pipe, drain, sewer or channel of any kind through, across, along, under, in
or over any highway, shall obtain prior consent in writing of the highway authority.
(2) The authority competent to give consent under sub-section (1) shall be the
highway authority and it shall ensure that as far as possible any such construction is
carried out along the extreme edge of the right of way and may impose such
conditions as it may consider necessary and levy such charges, as it may deem fit, for
any land forming part of the highway occupied by, or applied to, the proposed work.
(3) Where any person constructs or carries out any work in contravention of
sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), the highway authority may arrange for the removal
of such work and restoration of the highway to its former condition, in accordance
with the provisions of section 15 as if the work constitutes an encroachment on the
highway and such expense as the highway authority may incur for this purpose,
together with fifteen per cent overhead charges thereon, shall, without prejudice to
any other action that may be taken against such person under this Act, be recovered
from him in such manner as may be prescribed.
27. Prevention of damage to and repair of highway.-(1) No person shall
wilfully or negligently cause or allow any vehicle or animal in his charge to cause any
damage to any highway.
Explanation.-For the purposes of this section habitual parking of vehicle for
repairs or for any other purpose, letting animals to graze on highway and keeping
animals and poultry to stay on the highway land shall be deemed to be acts causing
damage to the highway.
(2) Where, in contravention of sub-section (1), any damage has been caused to
any highway, the highway authority shall have the damage repaired and the expenses
involved, together with fifteen per cent overhead charges, shall, without prejudice to
any other action that may be taken against the person responsible for the
contravention, be recovered from him in such manner as may be prescribed.
28. Acquisition of land for highway.-Where any land is required for the
execution of a highway scheme or for removal of any encroachment or for any
purpose of this Act, the highway authority may acquire such land, by free surrender
by the owner of such land or by purchase by negotiation after following such
procedure as may be prescribed or by acquisition under the provisions of the Land
Acquisition Act, 1894 (Central Act 1 of 1894).
 29. Application of certain provisions to lands adjacent to the national
highways.-It shall be lawful for the competent authority to determine a building line
and a control line outside the right of way of a national highway in the manner as may
be, prescribed and the provisions contained in sections 6, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 31 and 35
of the Act shall mutatis mutandis apply to the land lying outside the right of way and
within-the control line of the national highway.

CHAPTER VII
OFFENCES, PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE
30. General provision for punishment of offences.- Whoever contravenes any
provision of this Act or the rules made thereunder shall, if no other penalty is
provided for the offence, on conviction, be punishable with fine which may extend to
five hundred rupees or if having been previously convicted for the same offence, with
fine which may extend to two thousand rupees.
31. Disobedience of orders, obstruction and refusal of information.- Whoever
wilfully disobeys any direction lawfully given by any person or authority empowered
under this Act to give such direction or obstructs any functions that such person or
authority is required or empowered under this Act, to discharge, or being required by
or under this Act, to supply any information which he fails or supplies any
information which he knows to be false or which he does not believe to be true, shall,
if no other penalty is provided for the offence, on conviction be punishable with fine
which may extend to two thousand rupees.
32. Penalty on contravention of restriction relating to laying of means of
access or erecting any building etc.-(1) Whoever constructs or lay out any means of
access or erects or re-erects any building or structure or does any other work. in
contravention of the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 19 or sub-section (1) of
section 20 shall, on conviction, be punishable with fine which may extend to five
thousand rupees.
(2) In the case of a continuing offence a fine upto one thousand rupees may be
imposed for each day for which the offence continues.

33. Penalty for encroachment.-Whoever occupies or encroaches on any

highway land in contravention of the provisions of section 13 shall, on conviction, be
liable to pay a fine which may extend to two thousand and five hundred rupees for the
first offence, and further fine which may extend to a lumpsum penalty of five
thousand rupees plus a daily levy not exceeding five hundred rupees for each day for
which the offence continues.
34. Penalty for causing damage to highway.-Whoever wilfully causes or
allows vehicle or animal in his charge to cause Try damage to any highway shall, on
conviction, be punishable with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees.
35. Power to compound offences.- The highway authority may, either before
or after the institution of the proceedings, compound an offence against any provision
of this Act or the rules made thereunder in the manner as may be prescribed.

CHAPTER VIII
 MISCELLANEOUS

36. Power to make rules.---(1) The Government may, by notification in the

Gazette, make rules for carrying out all or any of the purposes of this Act.
(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing
power, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:-
(a) the preparation of schemes for the development of new highways or
improvement or repair of existing highways;
(b) the standards that have to be followed in granting permission for access
to highway;
(c) the form of application for use of land between building line and
control line and the fee to be paid in respect thereof;
(d) the prevention of obstruction of view or distraction of attention of
persons using highway, and of annoyance, danger or injury to the public;
(e) the proper maintenance of boundary marks demarcating highway
boundaries;
(f) the prevention of obstruction, encroachment and nuisances on or near
highway and or damage to highway;
(g) the form of application required to be made and the form of notice and
the bills required to be served on persons, the charges to be made for the supply of
copies of plans or extracts and the rent or fee or other charges to be imposed or levied
under the provisions of this Act;
(h) the general guidance of the highway authority in the discharge of its
functions under this Act;
(i) the construction or laying of public utility lines along or across the
highway;
(j) any other matter which is to be, or may be prescribed.
(3) Every rule made under this Act shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made,
before the Legislative Assembly, while it is in session, for a total period of fourteen
days which may be comprised in one session or in two successive sessions, and if,
before the expiry of the session in which it is so laid or the session immediately
following, the Legislative Assembly makes any modification in the rule or decides
that the rules should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such
modified form or be of no -effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such
modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything
previously done under that rule.
37. Constitution of appellate authority.-(1) The Government may, by
notification in the Gazette, constitute as many appellate authorities as may be
necessary for the purpose of this Act.
(2) The Government may, by notification in the Gazette, authorise any officer
not below the rank of Superintending Engineer in the Public Works Department to
exercise the powers of the appellate authority in such areas as may be specified
therein.
38. Service of noticed.-(1) Every notice under this Act shall be served or
presented,-
(a) by delivering or tendering it or sending it by registered post to the person
to whom it is addressed or to his agent; or
 (b) if such person or his agent is not found, then by leaving it at his usual or
last known place of abode or by delivering or tendering it to some adult member of
his family or by causing it to be fixed on some conspicuous part of the building or
land, if any, to which it relates.

(2) if the person to whom a notice is to be served is a minor, service upon his
guardian or upon an adult member or servant of his family shall be deemed to be
service upon the minor.

39. Power to delegate.- The highway authority way authority may, with the
previous approval of Government, by notification in the Gazette, delegate any of its
powers or duties under clauses (c) and (d) of section 8 or sections 11, 22, 23, 24 or 25
of this Act to any officer or authority subordinate to it, subject to such conditions. if,
any, as may be specified in such notification.

40. Persons deemed to be public servants-.-All persons acting by the authority

of the Government or of any highway authority while exercising their powers and
performing their duties and functions under this Act or the rules made thereunder
shall be deemed to be public servants within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian
Penal Code, 1860 (Central Act 45 of 1860).

41. Protection of action taken in good faith.-No suit, prosecution or other legal
proceedings shall lie against the Government or any authority or any person for
anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under or in pursuance of
this Act or rules made thereunder.
42. Offences by companies.-(1) Where the person committing any offence
finder this Act is a company, the company as well as every person who is in charge
of', and responsible to the company for the conduct of its business at the time of the
commissioning of the offence shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be
liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly:
Provided that nothing contained in the sub-section shall render any such
person liable to any, punishment, if lie proves that the offence was committed without
his knowledge or that he had exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of
such offence.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where any offence
under this Act has been committed by a company, and it is proved that the offence has
been committed with the consent or connivance of, or that the commission of the
offence is attributable to any neglect on the part of any director, manager, secretary or
other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall
be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall he liable to be proceeded against and
punished accordingly.

Explanation.-For the purpose of this section,-

(a) 'company' means any body corporate and includes a firm or other
organisation or association of persons or a co-operative society.
(b) 'director' in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm.
 43. Cognizance of offences.- No court shall take cognizance of any offence
punishable under this Act except on a report in writing of the facts constituting such
offence made by a highway authority or any other officer authorised by the
Government in this behalf.
44. Police officers to assist highway authorities.-Every police officer shall
forthwith furnish information to the nearest highway authority, or to the nearest,
officer subordinate to the highway authority, of any offence coming to his knowledge
which has been committed against this Act or the rules made thereunder and shall be
bound to assist the highway authority and its officers and servants in the exercise of
their lawful authority.
45. Duties of village officials to report to highway authority.-Every village
officer, village assistant or other village official by whatever name called, shall
forthwith inform the nearest police station or the nearest highway authority whenever
he becomes aware that any survey marks showing the building line or control line
determined in respect of a highway has been destroyed, damaged, removed, displaced
or otherwise tampered with or that any damage to any highway or encroachment on
any highway land has been made.
46. Power to utilise highway land for purposes other than road purpose.-The
highway authority may utilise temporarily, for purposes, other than road purposes, the
land forming part of a highway which is not immediately required for the purposes of
traffic in such manner as may be prescribed.
47. Saving as regards land under the control of Central Government.-Nothing
in this Act shall apply to lands vested in or under the control of Central Government
or to any area falling within the limits of a Cantonment Board, Major Port Trust or
other authority under the administrative control of the Central Government.
48. Mode of recovery of sums payable to highway authority.-Any sum payable to the
highway authority under this Act shall, without prejudice to any other mode of
recovery, be recoverable on behalf of the highway authority as an arrear of public
revenue due on land.
49. Repeal and saving.-(1) The Kerala Highway Protection Ordinance, 1999
(6 of 1999), is hereby repealed.
(2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action taken under the
said Ordinance shall be deemed to have been done or taken under this Act.