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    Biochemistry Lab Report 2

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    Ravina Saravanan
    This document describes an experiment on membrane permeability using onion cells. It defines key terms like selectively permeable membrane, diffusion, osmosis, and tonicity. The procedure observes onion cells mounted in distilled water (hypotonic) and 20% NaCl solution (hypertonic) under a microscope. In distilled water, the cell contents appeared normal due to water entering the cell. In the hypertonic solution, the cell lost water and its contents shrank away from the cell wall, demonstrating plasmolysis. The document discusses how water moves across membranes via osmosis down its concentration gradient, from hypotonic to hypertonic solutions.

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    Biochemistry Lab Report 2

    Uploaded by

    Ravina Saravanan
    104 views6 pages
    This document describes an experiment on membrane permeability using onion cells. It defines key terms like selectively permeable membrane, diffusion, osmosis, and tonicity. The procedure observes onion cells mounted in distilled water (hypotonic) and 20% NaCl solution (hypertonic) under a microscope. In distilled water, the cell contents appeared normal due to water entering the cell. In the hypertonic solution, the cell lost water and its contents shrank away from the cell wall, demonstrating plasmolysis. The document discusses how water moves across membranes via osmosis down its concentration gradient, from hypotonic to hypertonic solutions.

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    This document describes an experiment on membrane permeability using onion cells. It defines key terms like selectively permeable membrane, diffusion, osmosis, and tonicity. The procedure observes onion cells mounted in distilled water (hypotonic) and 20% NaCl solution (hypertonic) under a microscope. In distilled water, the cell contents appeared normal due to water entering the cell. In the hypertonic solution, the cell lost water and its contents shrank away from the cell wall, demonstrating plasmolysis. The document discusses how water moves across membranes via osmosis down its concentration gradient, from hypotonic to hypertonic solutions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    104 views6 pages

    Biochemistry Lab Report 2

    Uploaded by

    Ravina Saravanan
    This document describes an experiment on membrane permeability using onion cells. It defines key terms like selectively permeable membrane, diffusion, osmosis, and tonicity. The procedure observes onion cells mounted in distilled water (hypotonic) and 20% NaCl solution (hypertonic) under a microscope. In distilled water, the cell contents appeared normal due to water entering the cell. In the hypertonic solution, the cell lost water and its contents shrank away from the cell wall, demonstrating plasmolysis. The document discusses how water moves across membranes via osmosis down its concentration gradient, from hypotonic to hypertonic solutions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

    KUALA LUMPUR CAMPUS


    SEMESTER : October
    ACADEMIC YEAR : 2019
    COURSE CODE & TITLE : 201909 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY &
    BIOCHEMITRY
    PROGRAMME : RFN – BACHELOUR IN FOOD SCIENCE
    STUDENT NAME & REGISTRATION NUMBER : RAVINA SARAVANAN (19WLR12614)
    SUBMISSION DATE : 29 NOVEMBER 2019
    TITLE: MEMBRANE PERMIABILITY
    OBJECTIVE:
    1. Define the following terms: solvent, solute, solution, selectively permeable, diffusion, osmosis,
    concentration gradient, equilibrium, turgid, plasmolyzed, plasmolysis, turgor pressure, tonicity,
    hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic;
    2. Describe the effects of hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions on onion scale leaf.
    3. Observe living tissues undergoing diffusion and osmosis.

    INTRODUCTION:
    Every cell has a cell membrane that allows some type of movement across it like ingestion,
    respiration, absorption, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and elimination of waste. This is a vital
    quality to ensure the survival of a cell. There is a lot of movement in the cell, particularly molecules.
    The Brownian motion is a random movement of particles/molecules that collide with one another.
    They move from areas of many collisions to areas of less collisions. Their movement can be
    influenced my many different environments like their temperature, concentration, and pressure.
    Diffusion is another movement across the cellular membrane. This involves the particles moving from
    areas of high concentration to low concentration. Equilibrium is reached when the concentration
    becomes uniform. Only some substances can cross the membrane. This depend on whether the
    membrane is impermeable, permeable, or semipermeable. Diffusion of water across a membrane is
    called osmosis. Pressure is another aspect of water movement. There are three kinds of water
    pressure: Hypertonic (higher solute concentration), Hypotonic (Lower solute concentration), and
    Isotonic (same inside and outside of cell). Cell membranes have a double layer of phospholipids
    composed of proteins.[ CITATION Lyd19 \l 1086 ]
    Plasmolysis is when plant cells lose water after being placed in a solution that has a higher
    concentration of solutes than the cell does. This is known as a hypertonic solution. Water flows out
    of the cells and into the surrounding fluid due to osmosis. This causes the protoplasm, all the
    material on the inside of the cell, to shrink away from the cell wall. Severe water loss that leads to
    the collapse of the cell wall can result in cell death. Since osmosis is a process that requires no energy
    on the part of the cell and cannot be controlled, cells cannot stop plasmolysis from taking
    place[ CITATION bio19 \l 1086 ]

    MATERIALS & APPARATUS:


    1) Forceps
    2) 2 microscope slides
    3) 2 cover slips
    4) Compound microscope
    5) Onion cells
    6) Dropping bottles of distilled water
    7) Dropping bottles of 20% sodium chloride (NaCl)
    PROCEDURES:
    1) The fleshy “scale” leaves of onion bulb were removed using a forceps. The leaf was snapped and
    produced a ragged piece of epidermis.
    2) One small piece of epidermis was mount in a drop of distilled water on a microscope slide and the
    other piece in 20% NaCl solution on a second microscope slide and both covered with cover slip.
    3) The cells in the distilled water were observed with the compound microscope. It was first focused
    with the medium power objective and then switch to the high-dry objective.
    4) The mounted cell in 20% NaCl solution were observed. The cell lost water after several minutes,
    causing it to become plasmolyzed.
    5) The cover slip was removed slowly and gently from the preparation exhibiting plasmolysis to
    observe the desplasmolysis. A cover slip was placed on the preparation after 1 minute. It was
    examined under high-dry for 5 minutes and then I saw what happens during deplasmolysis.

    RESULTS:
    Onion cell under 400̊× magnification mount with
    distilled water 20%NaCl

    Cell wall

    Vacoule
    Nucleaus
    Cell
    membrane
    Deplasmolysed Onion Cell under 400× magnification
    DISCUSSION:
    Question:
    1. Were the contents of the vacuole in the onion cells in distilled water hypotonic, isotonic,
    or hypertonic compared to the water?
    ANSWER: Since distilled water has far less solute concentration than cell fluid, it is termed hypotonic.

    2. Was the 20% NaCl solution hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm?
    ANSWER: Since the solute (NaCl) is 20% that makes its solution hypertonic to that of the cell. This cell
    will lose water and shrink. Plasmolysis will not occur unless you reverse the process and allow the cell
    to take in water[ CITATION ATP09 \l 1086 ]

    3. If a hypotonic and a hypertonic solution are separated by a selectively permeable


    membrane, which direction will the water move?

    ANSWER: The solution will always move down the concentration gradient. This means that the water
    will always move from where there is more water to where there is less water. This diffusion of water
    is called osmosis. Hypotonic is a term that applies to the solution that contain less solute (and more
    water) than the other to which it is being compared. Hypertonic is the solution that contains more
    solute (and less water).Thus, moving down the concentration gradient can also mean that the water
    moves from the hypotonic solution towards the hypertonic solution. If a cell is placed in a solution
    that is hypertonic in comparison to it, then it shrink because the water will leave the cell. If a cell is
    placed in a hypotonic solution in comparison to it, then the cell will lyse (burst) because the water
    will quickly fill the cell. The picture accessed via this hyperlink depicts this concept nicely. If two
    solutions are isotonic, then they have the same concentration. The water will move at an equal rate
    between two isotonic solution. Thus, no swelling or shrinking will occur [ CITATION MEG19 \l
    1086 ]
    REFERRENCES:

    ATP-Man, 2009. yahoo!answers. [Online]


    Available at: https://malaysia.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070805031101AAUlGcS
    [Accessed 2009].

    biology dictionary, 2019. biology dictionary. [Online]


    Available at: https://biologydictionary.net/plasmolysis/
    [Accessed 2019].

    MEGAMIND-616, 2019. enotes. [Online]


    Available at: https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/two-solutions-seperated-by-selectively-
    permeable-537512
    [Accessed 2019].

    Swanson, L., 2019. Course Hero. [Online]


    Available at: https://www.coursehero.com/file/25440089/Cell-Membrane-Structure-and-
    Permeability-Lab-Reportpdf/
    [Accessed 2019].

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