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    Understanding Culture, Society and Politics: Justice Emilio Angeles Gancayco Memorial High School

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    This document discusses how society is organized into groups. It defines social groups, social aggregates, and social categories. It then describes primary groups as small, intimate groups like family versus secondary groups as larger, less personal groups like work colleagues. It also discusses in-groups that one belongs to versus out-groups they do not. Reference groups that set standards are discussed as well as social networks within traditional versus modern societies.

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    Understanding Culture, Society and Politics: Justice Emilio Angeles Gancayco Memorial High School

    Uploaded by

    Harito Gtjaj
    36 views2 pages
    This document discusses how society is organized into groups. It defines social groups, social aggregates, and social categories. It then describes primary groups as small, intimate groups like family versus secondary groups as larger, less personal groups like work colleagues. It also discusses in-groups that one belongs to versus out-groups they do not. Reference groups that set standards are discussed as well as social networks within traditional versus modern societies.

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    LECTURE-5-IN-UCSP

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    This document discusses how society is organized into groups. It defines social groups, social aggregates, and social categories. It then describes primary groups as small, intimate groups like family versus secondary groups as larger, less personal groups like work colleagues. It also discusses in-groups that one belongs to versus out-groups they do not. Reference groups that set standards are discussed as well as social networks within traditional versus modern societies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    36 views2 pages

    Understanding Culture, Society and Politics: Justice Emilio Angeles Gancayco Memorial High School

    Uploaded by

    Harito Gtjaj
    This document discusses how society is organized into groups. It defines social groups, social aggregates, and social categories. It then describes primary groups as small, intimate groups like family versus secondary groups as larger, less personal groups like work colleagues. It also discusses in-groups that one belongs to versus out-groups they do not. Reference groups that set standards are discussed as well as social networks within traditional versus modern societies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Department of Education

    Division of Bataan
    JUSTICE EMILIO ANGELES GANCAYCO MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL
    SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

    UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS


    Part 5: How a Society is Organized

    Learning Competency: Traces kinship ties and social networks. UCSP11/12HSO-IIi-20


    I. GROUPS WITHIN SOCIETY
    SOCIAL GROUPS
     Two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense
    of unity.
     A collection of individuals who have relations with one another that make them interdependent to some
    significant degree.
    SOCIAL AGGREGATE
     A collection of people who are in the same place at the same time, but who otherwise do not necessarily have
    anything in common, and who may not interact with each other.
    SOCIAL CATEGORY
     Refers to a group of people defined by a shared social characteristic, like gender, race, ethnicity, nationality,
    age, class, etc.

    II. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GROUPS


    PRIMARY GROUPS
     Small, intimate, and less specialized group whose members engage in face-to-face and emotion-based
    interactions over an extended period of time.
     The interdependence among members of a primary group is characterized by a deep and profound relationship
    with each other.
     Examples: family, close friends, work-related peers, classmates, and church groups.

    SECONDARY GROUPS
     Larger, less intimate, and more specialized groups where members engage in an impersonal and objective-
    oriented relationship for a limited time.
     The level of interaction and interdependence within secondary groups is not deep and significant.
     Mutual benefit, rather than emotional affinity, becomes the primary driving force that compel individuals to
    stay together in a secondary groups.
     Example: employees treat their colleagues as a secondary group since they know that they need to cooperate
    with one another to achieve certain goals in the workplace.

    III. IN-GROUPS and OUT-GROUPS


    SELF-CATEGORIZATION THEORY
     It proposes that people’s appreciation of their group membership is influenced by their perception towards
    people who are not members of their groups.
     Basically, people’s perceptions of other people as well as other groups are influenced whether they perceive
    others as members of their group or not.

    IN-GROUP
     A group to which one belongs and with which one feels a sense of identity.
    Characteristics:
    1. Members of such groups devise ways to distinguish themselves from nonmembers.
    2. Members within a certain in-group display positive attitudes and behavior toward their fellow members for the most
    part, while they may exhibit negative attitudes and even form negative views toward members of their out-groups.
    3. As similarities and shared experiences foster unity and cooperation among group members, differences with
    nonmembers could transform into feelings of competition and even hostility.

    OUT-GROUP
     A group to which one does not belong and to which he or she may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility.

    Lecture Handouts Prepared By Mr. John Albert R. Dela Rosa – SHS Teacher II - Social Science Page 1
    IV. REFERENCE GROUPS and NETWORKS
    REFERENCE GROUP
     Are groups that we look to for guidance in order to evaluate our behaviors and attitudes.
     They are basically generalized versions of role models. You may or may not belong to the group, but you use its
    standards of measurement as a frame of reference.
     For example, if a teenager wants to know if she is slim enough, she may use supermodels as a reference. Or, if a
    recent college graduate is unsure if an offered salary is fair, he may use the average starting salary of graduates
    from his school as a reference.
     Such groups strongly influence an individual’s behavior and social attitudes whether he or she is a member of
    these groups.
     Examples: individual’s primary groups or his or her in-groups.

    NETWORKS
     Refers to the structure of relationships between social actors or groups.
     These are interconnections, ties, and linkages between people, their groups, and the larger social institutions to
    which they all belong to.
     Examples: for social media, facebook, twitter, and instagram.

    Sociologists and anthropologists differentiate between the networks formed in traditional and modern societies.
     Traditional or Primitive societies
     Networks are exclusive, limited, and mostly defined by kinship. They provide solidarity through shared
    identities and a simple division of labor and social roles.
     Modern societies
     The “safe and secure” arrangement provided by traditional networks by allowing the individual to become part
    of a more expanded and cosmopolitan network with overlapping circles of social interaction.
     Through modern social networks, an individual is provided a diversity of social roles and identities unavailable
    in more traditional societies.

    *** END OF PART 5 ***

    Lecture Handouts Prepared By Mr. John Albert R. Dela Rosa – SHS Teacher II - Social Science Page 2

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