VERTICAL CURVES On highways and railways, in order that there may be no abrupt change in the vertical direction of moving vehicles, adjacent segments of different grade are connected by a curve in the vertical plane called vertical curve. Usually, the vertical is the arc of parabola, as.this shape is well adapted to gradual change in direction and as elevations along the curve are readily computed. Design of crest and sag vertical curves is a function of the grades of the intersecting tangents, ore ig or passing sight distance, which in turn are functions of vehicle design speed, design of a sag vertical curve also depends on headlight beam distance, rider comfort, and appearance. Details governing design of vertical curves may be found in AASHO Policies on Rural and Urban Highways. Elevations in vertical parabolic curves can be computed by using equation of the parabola directly, geometric properties of the parabola to calculate vertical offsets from tangent and geometric properties of the parabola as exemplified by the chord gradient chord.+ | PARABOLIC CURVES I. SYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVESYM METRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE » H=L/8( 6 ,) = SQUARE PROPERTY OF PARABOLA © YS (x 2=H/(L/2¥ © Y2,/ (x) =H/(L/2 2 = LOCATION OF HIGHEST / LOWEST POINT ON THE CURVE = S,=(gL)/( Bg ) (FROM P.C. ) S2* Gl, B ) wHepe & = | 9,- 92)4 of PARABOLIC CURVES = IL. UNSYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVEUNSYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVE H=LL, (9+ 92)/(2 (Ly +L )) SQUARE PROPERTY OF PARABOLA Y,/ Og =H/ (LF Y,/ (2 =H/ (Le ¥ LOCATION OF HIGHEST / LOWEST POINT ON THE CURVE S,= (Qi /(2H) — (FROMP.C.) 5 when H> (giL,/ 2) S25 (fe¥/ (2H) (FROMP.T.) } when H< ‘gil, / 2)o 2 ha 28,73 m will cross at right angles under a proposed 150 m. highway parabolic curve. The PI is at Sta. 10 + 000 and it's elevation is 30,06 m. while the culvert is located at Sta. 10 + 026. The forward tangent has a grade of - 14 % and the back tangent has a grade of 2 %. Under this condition what will be the depth of cover over the pipe ? a le er) = Adescending grade of 4.2 % intersects an ascending grade of 3%at Sta. 11+ 488 of elevation 20. 80 m. These two grade lines are to be connected by a 260 m. parabolic sag curve. At what station must the cross drainage pipe be situated ? If the outside diameter of the pipe to be installed is 95 cm. and the top of the culvert is 30 cm. below the road, what is the invert elevation ? _ 4 An unsymmetrical parabolic curve has a back tangent of + 4 % and a forward tangent of -7 % intersecting at Sta. 1 + 020 whose elevation is 100 m. The length of the curve on the left side is 70 m. while on the right side is 50 m. long. Determine the location and elevation of summit. A forward tangent having a slope of - 4 % intersects the back tangent having a slope +7 % at pt. Vat Sta. 6 + 300 having an elevation of 230 m. It is required to connect the two tangents with an unsymmetrical parabolic curve that shall pass through pt. A on the curve having an elevation of 227.57 m. at Sta. 6 + 270. The length of the curve is 60 m. on the side of the back tangent. a) It is required to determine the length of the curve on the side of the forward tangent#na certain road construction y 2rtaken by the Bureau of Public Higk uy it was decided to connect a forward tangent of 3 % and a back tangent of - 5 % by a 200 m., symmetrical parabolic curve. It was discovered that the grade intersection at Sta, 10 + 100; whose elevation is 100 m. fall ona rocky section with the exposed boulder at elevation 102.67 @m. To avoid rock excavation, the project engineer decided to adjust the vertical parabolic curve in such a way that the curve will just clear the rock without altering the position of P.C. and the grade of the tangents. Determine the stationing and elevation of the New P.T. _ 6, ° «4 oonderpass.,.A port FUN {ies on the ver li cal A forward tangent of + 6 % was designed to intersect a back tangent of aaa %' proposed underpass along EDSA so as to maintain a minimum clearance allowed under a bridge w/c crosses pervendicular to the le of the back tangent. The stationing and’ elévation of the grade intersection is 12 + 530.20/"the elevation of the underside of the bridge is 117.48 m. Determine the minimum clearance of the bridge if it has a width of 10m. The conforline of the “rege Bile © ste PF 575.20, 7 . An underpass road crossing a reinforced concrete bridge along the Shaw Blvd. Has a downward grade of - 4 % meeting an upward grade of + 8 % at the vertex (elev. 70 m.) at Sta.'7 + 700, exactly underneath the center of the bridge having a width of 10 m. if the required minimum clearance under the bridge is 5 m. and the elevation of the bottom of the bridge is 78.10 m. Determine the following: a. ) length of the vertical parabolic curve that shall connect the two tangents b. ) stationing and elevation where a catch basin will be placed.FIGURE NO. | Sta. 10 + OOO Elev. 30.06 75m_ SOLUTION NO. | =» 3006-z-y-d=2873m. square property of parabola 14% H/(L/2)? = y/(49)? 26 0.638/(75) = y/(49)* z y=0.272 m 0.014 = 2/26 d = 30,06 - 0.364 - 0.272 - 28.73 z= 26 (0.014) d= 0.694 m. 220.364 m. H=L/8 (g, + 92) = 150/8 (0.034) H= 0.638 m.FIGURE NO. 2 130 m 130m Sta. 11 + 488 Elev. 20.80 m. Invert elevation» 5,2 9L/@, = 0,042 ( 260 )/ 0.072 SOLUTION NO. 2 +92) S,= 151,67 m. Sta. Of the pipe = 11 + 488 + ( 21.67 ) 21.67 3% 0.03 = z/ 21.67 z= 0.65 m. = 11+ 509.67 square property of parabola H/ 1302 = y / 108.33? H_= 2.34 m. 2.34 / 130? = y / 108.33? y= 162 m. 20.80 + z + y - 0.3 - 0,95 = invert elevation invert elevation = 21.825 m.4 _ FIGURE NO. Sta. | + 020 Elev. 100 m.SOLUTION NO. 3 Hely+h,(9+92)/2(ly+L2) =70(50)(0.11)/2(70+50) H= 16 H>gl,/2 1.6>14 $,=9,L2/ (2H) =(0.04)(70)8/(2x16) S,= 61.25 m, square property of parabola H/702=y / 61.257 H/702= y / 61.252 y= 1225 m. . Fo -z-y= elevation of summit = 68.43 m= elevation of summitPC _ FIGURE NO. 4 Sta. 6 + 300 Elev. 230 m. Blevi227757. PTIs SOLUTION NO. 4 H=L, +L, (q+92)/2(Ly+L2) H= 60L,(0.11)/2(60)+2L, H/ 602= y / 302 230 -z-y= 227.57 m. z= 0.07 (30) 230 - 2.1-y = 227.57 = 0.33 m. H / 60? = 0.33 / 30? H= 1.32 m. 1.32 = 60L, (0.11) / (2 x 60 + 2L,) 158.4 + 2.64L, = 6.6L, 3.96L, = 158.4 m. L, 240m.FIGURE NO. 5 L/2 = 100m. L/2 = 100m. ; lA " Sta. 10 + 100 Elev. 100 m.SOLUTION NO. 5 s Hebb, (9, +92)/2 (Lyte) elevation PT ,.,,= 100 + 6.02 = 2.67 = 100L, (0.08 )/(2( 100 +L, )) = = 106.02 m. + Lz =200,75 m. Sta, PT yey = 10+ 100 + ( 200.75 ) : = 10 + 300.75 ; L PT, Elev. 100 m. z= 0,03 ( 200.75 ) Z= 6.02 m._ FIGURE NO. 6 200 m. [100 m. Sta. 12 + 575.20 Sta. 12 + 530.20 Elev. 100 m.SOLUTION NO. 6 = 100+z+y+Cl, = 117.48 square property of parabola 50 3/100? = y / 50? eae = 0.75 m. Zz 6% 100+z+y+Cl, = 117.48 100 + 3+0.75+ Cl, = 117.48 z=3m. Cl, = 13.73 m. H = 200 ( 100 )( 9 %) / (2 ( 200 + 100 )) H=3m.+ __ FIGURE NO. 7 Sta. 7 + 700 Elev. 70 m.4u _SOLUTION NO. 7 H=L/8(g,+9,) =L/8 (0.12) H=0.015L 78.1-5-0.04-70=y y= 2.70 m. Square property of parabola 0.015L/(L/2)?=2.70/(L-10/ 2) (L-10)? = 2.70L/0.015 L?-200L+100=0 a.) L= 199.5 m. b.)S,= gL /(9,+9,) = 0.04 (199.5) /0.12 $266.5 m, Sta. Of catch basin = 7 + 700 - 33.25 = 7 + 666.75