Yllana Bay View College, Inc.

“The Builder of Future Leaders”

Senior High School Department
Enerio Street, Balangasan District, Pagadian City
TEACHING GUIDE
Disaster readiness and Risk Reduction Mgt.
Date Week 8 to Week 9
Topic/Lesson Volcano Hazards
 Various Volcano related
hazards
 Devastating of effects of Ash
fall
 Pyroclastic flows form in
different ways
 Harmful Effects of volcanic
Gases
 Devastating Effects of Lava
flows
 Signs of Impending volcanic
eruption
 Interpreting Different Volcano
Hazard Maps
 Precautionary measures before,
during and after volcanic
eruption
Content Standards The learners demonstrate understanding of…
Signs of impending volcanic eruptions
Potential volcano-related hazards:
1. Lahar
2. Ash fall
3. Pyroclastic flow
4. Ballistic projectile
5. Volcanic gasses
6. Lava flow
Performance Standards The learners develop a family emergency
preparedness plan to guide them on what to do
before, during, and after a volcanic eruption.
Learning Competencies The learners…
1. Explain various volcano-related hazards;
2. Differentiate among different volcano
hazards;
3. Recognize signs of an impending volcanic
eruption;
4. Interpret different volcano hazard maps; and
5. Apply appropriate measures/interventions
before, during, and after a volcanic eruption
Specific Learning Outcomes Learners will be able to:
Explain various volcano related hazards
Differentiate among different volcano related
hazards
Recognize signs of an impending volcanic
eruption
Interpret different volcano hazard maps

Time Allotment 4 hours and 30 minutes

Teaching Strategy Group discussion and Oral Recitation
LESSON OUTLINE
I- Introduction Opening prayer, recap and present the topic for
the week. Give the introduction about Volcanic
hazards.
II- Motivation Learners will share their experience regarding
their knowledge about volcanic eruptions.
III- Instruction/ Delivery Introduction

Volcanoes can be exciting and fascinating

because of their natural formation but they can
also be very dangerous. Any kind of active
volcano is capable of creating harmful or
deadly hazards, whether during an eruption or a
period of quiescence.

Various Volcano Related Hazard

Volcanologist are always work in to understand

how volcanic hazards behave, and what can be
done tp avoid them. USGS bulletin enumerates
a few of the more common volcanic hazards,
and some of the ways in which they are formed
and behave. These are the following:

Lahasrs are specific kind of mudflow made up

of volcanic debris. They can form in a number
of situations, namely:
 When small slope collapses gather water
on their way down a volcano.
 Through rapid melting of snow and ice
during an eruption
 From heavy rainfall on loose volcanic
debris
 When volcano erupts through a crater
lake
 When a crater lake drains because of
overflow or wall collapse

Ash Fall- Volcanic ash consists of fragments of

pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass,
created during volcanic eruptions and
measuring less than 2mm in diameter. The term
volcanic ash is also often loosely used to refer
to all explosive eruption products, including
particles larger than 2mm. Volcanic ash is
formal during explosive volcanic eruptions
when dissolved gasses in magma expand and
escape violently into the atmosphere.

Devastating effects of Ash Fall

Ash fallout to the ground can pose significant
disruption and damage to buildings,
transportation, water and wastewater, power
supply, communications equipment, agriculture,
and primary production leading to potentially
substantial societal impacts and costs, even at
thickness of only a few millimeters or inches.
Pyroclastis flows

Contain a high density mix of hot lava blocks,

pumice, ash and volcanic gas. They move at
very high speed down volcanic slopes, typically
following valleys.

Pyroclastic flows form in different ways:

 Collapse of eruption column

 “Boiling over” front eruptive vent
 Collapse of lava domes or flows

Volcanic gases

Magma- contains dissolved gasses, which

provide the driving force that causes most
volcanic eruptions.

Harmful effects of volcanic gases

1. Carbon dioxide trapped in low-lying

areas can be lethal to people and
animals
2. Sulfur dioxide is irritating to eyes, skin
and respiratory system
3. Hydrogen sulfide is very toxic in high
concentrations
4. Hydrogen Halides are strong, toxic acids

Lava flows are streams of molten rock that pour

or ooze from an erupting vent.
The speed at which lava moves across the
ground depends on several factors, including.
1. Types of lava erupted and its viscosity
2. Steepness of the ground over which it
travels
3. Whether the lava flows as broad sheet,
through a confined channel, or down a
lava tube
4. Rate of lava production at the vent.

Devastating effects of lava flows

1. Lava flows may instigate other types of
hazards.
2. Everything in the path of an advancing
lava flow will be knocked over,
surrounded, buried, or ignited by the
extremely hot temperature of lava.
3. When lava erupts beneath a glacier or
flows over snow and ice melt water
from the ice and snow can result in far
reaching lahar.
4. If it enters a body of water or water
enters a lava tube, the water may boil
violently and cause an explosive shower
of molten spatter over a wide area.
5. Methane gas, produced as lava buries
vegetation, can migrate in subsurface
voids and explode when heated.
6. Thick viscous lava flows, especially
 those that build a dome, can collapse to
form fast moving pyroclastic flows.
Signs of an Impending Volcanic eruption

The following are some of the observable signs

of volcanologist have identified when a volcano
is about to erupt

 Most volcanoes provide various types of

warnings before eruption begin.
 People living near volcanoes may detect
premonitory events before an eruption
 Measurement of Changes in Heat flow
 Detection and Interpretation of
Precursory Events
Interpreting Different Volcano Hazard Maps

Teacher will provide photocopy as to the

different volcano hazard maps

1. World major volcanoes

2. Major Volcanoes of the Philippines
3. Map showing pyroclastic flows from
mount Pinatubo
4. Signified hazard map showing potential
impact for ground based Volcanic center
5. Volcanic hazard zone
6. Simplifies hazard map showing
potential impact area for ground based
hazards
7. A Map Illustrating Hazards at the
Amparo- Sabancaya volcanic complex

Precautionary measures before, during and after

volcanic eruption

Before Volcanic eruption

1. Be aware of the dangers that volcanic
eruptions pose to lives and be prepared
to face whatever circumstances the
eruption may bring
2. Prepare all necessary things to bring
once evacuation is needed.
3. Store as much food, water, light, sources
and batteries that are very useful in case
of emergency
4. Volcanic eruptions have ash falls so be
prepared for masks or anything to cover
nose and mouth.
5. Prioritize the safety of children and the
elderly before other things.
During volcanic eruption:
1. Avoid all low lying places because lava
flows and mudflows are more likely to
pass here.
2. Seek cover in case of pyroclastic falls
and ballistic projectile’s
3. Use mask and cover mouth and nose to
avoid ashes from getting inside. Stay
indoors

After volcanic eruption

 1. Check house and place if already safe
2. Clean everything around and check all
damages incurred
3. Use masks while cleaning ash and other
debris
4. Wait for further announcements related
to the volcano activities.
5. Make sure that house is still safe for the
whole family.
IV- Practice Learners will be divide into three groups and
given the situation:

If you were were in Albay and residence is near

Mayon Volcano, prepare a Family Preparedness
Plan in case volcanic eruption. Each group will
be given 5 minutes to discuss and present their
output to the class.
V-Enrichment Read this article ( The Cataclysmic 1991
Eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines)
VI – Evaluation Short quiz and learning insight
VII - Recommended Resources and Research in www. google.com, net book,
Material marker

Prepared by

BENAFE A. MAGHUYOP- RSW

Teacher