Centre Number Candidate Number Name

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education
CHEMISTRY 0620/02
Paper 2
October/November 2003

1 hour
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials required

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs, or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
A copy of the Periodic Table is provided on page 20.

For Examiner’s Use

1

3
If you have been given a label, look at the
details. If any details are incorrect or 4
missing, please fill in your correct details
in the space given at the top of this page. 5

Stick your personal label here, if 6

provided.
TOTAL

This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

SP (AT/KN) S33035/2
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1 The diagrams show four methods of purifying substances.

ethanol
vapour

filter paper

ethanol
heat

A B

C D

(a) Which of these methods, A,B,C or D, is best used for

(i) separating the different colours in a sample of ink?

(ii) separating two liquids with different boiling points?

(iii) separating mud from water?

(iv) making crystals of copper sulphate from copper sulphate solution?

[4]

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(b) State the name given to the method of separation shown in

(i) diagram A, .................................................................................................................

(ii) diagram B. .................................................................................................................

[2]

(c) Method A can be modified to separate petroleum into useful fractions.

The diagram below shows the different fractions obtained from a fractionating column.

fractions
fuel gas

petrol

paraffin

light gas oil

diesel

lubricating fraction

crude oil

bitumen

(i) Which of these fractions has the lowest boiling point?

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) State one use for each of the following fractions.

paraffin ......................................................................................................................

bitumen .....................................................................................................................
[3]

(d) Petroleum is a mixture of organic compounds.

Which one of the following best describes the compounds found in petroleum?
Put a ring around the correct answer.

acids alcohols carbohydrates hydrocarbons

[1]

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(e) Before petroleum is fractionated, it is often heated to remove dissolved natural gas.
Most of this natural gas is methane, CH4.
Draw a diagram to show how the electrons are arranged in methane.

show hydrogen electrons as •

show carbon electrons as ⫻

[2]

(f) Methane, ethane and propane belong to a particular homologous series of compounds.
State the name of the homologous series to which these three compounds belong.

..........................................................................................................................................
[1]

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2 The diagram below shows a modern landfill site for the disposal of waste materials.

waste gases

soil cover

solid waste
ground clay lining
plastic lining

liquid material
draining through liquid material
collected for further
treatment

The waste materials are broken down naturally in several stages.

(a) In the first stage, micro-organisms (mainly bacteria) break down some of the organic
material in the waste to carbon dioxide.
What is the name given to the process by which organisms use food to produce carbon
dioxide?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) In the second stage, the micro-organisms break down organic substances to produce
ammonia, hydrogen and more carbon dioxide.

(i) Describe a test for hydrogen.

test ............................................................................................................................

result .........................................................................................................................

(ii) The large volumes of hydrogen produced may be hazardous.

Explain why hydrogen may be hazardous when mixed with air.

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Ammonia is a base.

Describe a test for ammonia.

test ............................................................................................................................

result .........................................................................................................................
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(c) In the third stage, ethanoic acid is produced.
Draw the structure of ethanoic acid showing all atoms and bonds.

[1]

(d) In the fourth stage, carbon dioxide reacts with hydrogen to form methane and oxygen.

(i) Complete the equation for this reaction.

CO2 + …….. → CH4 + O2

(ii) State one use of methane.

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Methane is a gas.

Which two of the following statements about gas molecules are true?
Tick two boxes.

The molecules are far apart.

The molecules are not moving.

The molecules are randomly arranged.

The molecules are arranged in a regular manner.

[4]

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(e) The list below shows some of the substances which are found in the liquid which drains
through the waste.

aluminium
calcium carbonate
iron
lead
magnesium
nickel
sodium sulphate
zinc

From this list choose

(i) a metal used to galvanise iron. .................................................................................

(ii) a transition metal. .....................................................................................................

(iii) a metal which is in Group IV of the periodic table. ....................................................

(iv) a substance which will release carbon dioxide when an acid is added.

...................................................................................................................................

(v) a metal which is used to make aircraft bodies. .........................................................

[5]

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3 One way of making lime from limestone (calcium carbonate) is shown in the diagram.

gases out

firebrick
limestone wall
and
coke

lime and ash out

The limestone is mixed with coke and dropped into the limekiln. The coke is burnt and
releases heat.

(a) State one use of limestone, other than in making lime.

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Coke is mainly carbon.

Write a symbol equation for the burning of carbon.

[2]

(c) State the name of the type of reaction which releases heat energy.

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) The heat produced by the burning coke causes thermal decomposition of the limestone.
Complete the word equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate.

calcium carbonate → ................................................. ................................................

+
................................................. ................................................
[2]

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(e) (i) Complete the following equation for the reaction of calcium carbonate with
hydrochloric acid.

CaCO3 + … HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

(ii) Describe how you would test for the gas given off in this reaction.

test ............................................................................................................................

result .........................................................................................................................

[3]

(f) Quicklime, CaO, is a product of the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate.

When quicklime is heated strongly with coke, calcium carbide is formed.

CaO + 3C → CaC2 + CO

(i) What type of reaction is the conversion of C to CO?

Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) When water is added to calcium carbide, CaC2, acetylene is formed.

State a use of acetylene.

...................................................................................................................................
[3]

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4 Bromine is an element in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

(a) State the name given to the Group VII elements.

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Bromine has two isotopes.

The nucleon (mass) number of bromine-79 is 79 and of bromine-81 is 81.

(i) What is the meaning of the term isotopes?

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Complete the table to show the numbers of electrons, neutrons and protons in one
atom of bromine-79 and bromine-81. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on
page 20.

number of bromine-79 bromine-81

electrons

neutrons

protons
[5]

(c) Bromine is extracted from seawater by treatment with chlorine.

When chlorine is bubbled through a solution of potassium bromide, the solution turns
orange-red.

(i) What does this tell you about the reactivity of chlorine compared with bromine?

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Write a word equation for this reaction.

[2]

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(d) In order to get the maximum yield of bromine from seawater, acid is added during the
extraction procedure.
The graph shows how the yield of bromine changes with pH.

100

80

yield of 60
bromine
% 40

20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
pH

(i) What is the highest pH at which the yield of bromine is 100%?

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) The pH scale is used to measure acidity.

Some pH values are given below.

pH 3 pH 5 pH 7 pH 9 pH 11

From this list of pH values choose

the pH which is most acidic. .....................................................................................

the pH of a neutral solution. ......................................................................................

[3]

(e) Bromine water can be used to distinguish between ethane and ethene.

H H H H
–– ––
–– ––
–– ––
–– ––

H––C––C––H C––C
H H H H
ethane ethene

Describe what you would observe when bromine water is added to ethene.

..........................................................................................................................................
[1]

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5 When fuels are burnt, carbon dioxide and water are formed.

(a) Complete the equation for the burning of propane.

C3H8 + … O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

[1]

(b) Describe a chemical test for water.

test ...................................................................................................................................

result ................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) In which two of the following is carbon dioxide produced.

Tick two boxes.

a car driven by a petrol engine

magnesium carbonate reacting with an acid

sodium reacting with water

zinc reacting with hydrochloric acid

[2]

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(d) The diagram shows a water heater.

combustion products

hot water out

cold water in
gas burning in air

air holes

If some of the air holes become blocked, a poisonous gas is produced.

(i) State the name of this poisonous gas.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain how this poisonous gas has been formed.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(e) The table below compares the amounts of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide formed
when 1 kilogram of different fuels are burnt.

mass of carbon mass of sulphur

fuel
dioxide produced / g dioxide produced / g

oil 2900 5.0

gas 2500 0.1

coal 2500 11.0

(i) Which fuel is least polluting?

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Which fuel when burnt, contributes most to the formation of acid rain?

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) State two harmful effects of acid rain.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(iv) When acid rain falls on the ground, it can react with insoluble aluminium
compounds in the soil. A solution of aluminium ions is formed.

Describe what you would observe when aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to a
solution containing aluminium ions.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
[6]

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6 Aluminium is extracted from its ore, bauxite.
The bauxite is purified to give aluminium oxide.
Electrolysis is then used to extract the aluminium from aluminium oxide dissolved in cryolite.

positive electrode
+ (graphite)
–

aluminium oxide dissolved

negative electrode in molten cryolite
(graphite)

molten aluminium collecting

steel case on the bottom

The melting point of pure aluminium oxide is 2070 °C.

The melting point of the mixture of aluminium oxide and cryolite is about 1000 °C.

(a) Suggest why electrolysis is used to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide rather than
reduction using carbon.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) How is the electrolyte of aluminium oxide and cryolite kept molten?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) What property of graphite makes it suitable for use as electrodes?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) State the name given to the negative electrode.

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(e) The melting point of steel is about 1500 °C.

Suggest two reasons why molten aluminium oxide is not used by itself in this
electrolysis.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(f) During the electrolysis, hot oxygen is formed at the positive electrodes.
Suggest why the positive electrodes have to be replaced frequently.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(g) Aluminium is formed at the negative electrode.
Complete the following equation for the reaction at the negative electrode.

Al3+ + …… → Al
[1]

(h) Why do aluminium ions move towards the negative electrode?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(i) A sample of bauxite ore had the following composition:

aluminium oxide 120g

iron(III) oxide 30g
silica 40g
titanium(IV) oxide 10g

Calculate the percentage of aluminium oxide in this sample of bauxite.

[1]

(j) Aluminium is a metal in Group III of the Periodic Table.

State three physical properties which are typical of most metals.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................................

3 .......................................................................................................................................
[3]

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 DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
20

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

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Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

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Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89 †

140 141 144 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
*58-71 Lanthanoid series
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
†90-103 Actinoid series Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 238
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = proton (atomic) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
For

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Examiner’s