Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 29 views

    Psychology - Article 13

    Uploaded by

    piping stress
    Psychology has evolved over the 20th century from early schools of thought like psychoanalysis proposed by Sigmund Freud to diverse approaches today. While psychoanalysis was influential, later psychologists like Eysenck and philosophers like Popper criticized aspects of it. By the late 20th century, many psychology departments had marginalized Freudian theory. However, neuro-psychoanalysis now defends some of Freud's ideas scientifically. In the 1950s, humanistic psychology emerged in reaction to behaviorism and psychoanalysis, focusing on uniquely human issues like free will and meaning. Founders like Maslow and Rogers developed theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and client-centered therapy that emphasized subjective experience and growth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Psychology - Article 13

    Uploaded by

    piping stress
    29 views1 page
    Psychology has evolved over the 20th century from early schools of thought like psychoanalysis proposed by Sigmund Freud to diverse approaches today. While psychoanalysis was influential, later psychologists like Eysenck and philosophers like Popper criticized aspects of it. By the late 20th century, many psychology departments had marginalized Freudian theory. However, neuro-psychoanalysis now defends some of Freud's ideas scientifically. In the 1950s, humanistic psychology emerged in reaction to behaviorism and psychoanalysis, focusing on uniquely human issues like free will and meaning. Founders like Maslow and Rogers developed theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and client-centered therapy that emphasized subjective experience and growth.

    Original Title

    Psychology -Article 13

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Psychology has evolved over the 20th century from early schools of thought like psychoanalysis proposed by Sigmund Freud to diverse approaches today. While psychoanalysis was influential, later psychologists like Eysenck and philosophers like Popper criticized aspects of it. By the late 20th century, many psychology departments had marginalized Freudian theory. However, neuro-psychoanalysis now defends some of Freud's ideas scientifically. In the 1950s, humanistic psychology emerged in reaction to behaviorism and psychoanalysis, focusing on uniquely human issues like free will and meaning. Founders like Maslow and Rogers developed theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and client-centered therapy that emphasized subjective experience and growth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views1 page

    Psychology - Article 13

    Uploaded by

    piping stress
    Psychology has evolved over the 20th century from early schools of thought like psychoanalysis proposed by Sigmund Freud to diverse approaches today. While psychoanalysis was influential, later psychologists like Eysenck and philosophers like Popper criticized aspects of it. By the late 20th century, many psychology departments had marginalized Freudian theory. However, neuro-psychoanalysis now defends some of Freud's ideas scientifically. In the 1950s, humanistic psychology emerged in reaction to behaviorism and psychoanalysis, focusing on uniquely human issues like free will and meaning. Founders like Maslow and Rogers developed theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and client-centered therapy that emphasized subjective experience and growth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 1

    9/15/2020 Psychology - Wikipedia

    archetypal and process-oriented schools. Other well-known


    psychoanalytic scholars of the mid-20th century include Erik
    Erikson, Melanie Klein, D.W. Winnicott, Karen Horney, Erich
    Fromm, John Bowlby, and Sigmund Freud's daughter, Anna Freud.
    Throughout the 20th century, psychoanalysis evolved into diverse
    schools of thought which could be called Neo-Freudian. Among
    these schools are ego psychology, object relations, and interpersonal,
    Lacanian, and relational psychoanalysis.

    Psychologists such as Hans Eysenck and philosophers including Karl


    Popper criticized psychoanalysis. Popper argued that psychoanalysis
    Group photo 1909 in front of Clark had been misrepresented as a scientific discipline,[100] whereas
    University. Front row: Sigmund Eysenck said that psychoanalytic tenets had been contradicted by
    Freud, G. Stanley Hall, Carl Jung; experimental data. By the end of 20th century, psychology
    back row: Abraham A. Brill, Ernest departments in American universities mostly marginalized Freudian
    Jones, Sándor Ferenczi. theory, dismissing it as a "desiccated and dead" historical
    artifact.[101] However, researchers in the emerging field of neuro-
    psychoanalysis today defend some of Freud's ideas on scientific
    grounds,[102] while scholars of the humanities maintain that Freud was not a "scientist at all, but ... an
    interpreter".[101]

    Existential-humanistic theories

    Humanistic psychology developed in the 1950s as a movement


    within academic psychology, in reaction to both behaviorism
    and psychoanalysis.[104] The humanistic approach sought to
    glimpse the whole person, not just fragmented parts of the
    personality or isolated cognitions.[105] Humanism focused on
    uniquely human issues, such as free will, personal growth, self-
    actualization, self-identity, death, aloneness, freedom, and
    meaning. It emphasized subjective meaning, rejection of
    determinism, and concern for positive growth rather than
    pathology. Some founders of the humanistic school of thought
    were American psychologists Abraham Maslow, who formulated Psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1943
    posited that humans have a hierarchy of
    a hierarchy of human needs, and Carl Rogers, who created and
    needs, and it makes sense to fulfill the
    developed client-centered therapy. Later, positive psychology
    basic needs first (food, water etc.) before
    opened up humanistic themes to scientific modes of exploration.
    higher-order needs can be met.[103]
    The American Association for Humanistic Psychology, formed
    in 1963, declared:

    Humanistic psychology is primarily an orientation toward the whole of psychology rather


    than a distinct area or school. It stands for respect for the worth of persons, respect for
    differences of approach, open-mindedness as to acceptable methods, and interest in
    exploration of new aspects of human behavior. As a "third force" in contemporary
    psychology, it is concerned with topics having little place in existing theories and systems:
    e.g., love, creativity, self, growth, organism, basic need-gratification, self-actualization,
    higher values, being, becoming, spontaneity, play, humor, affection, naturalness, warmth,
    ego-transcendence, objectivity, autonomy, responsibility, meaning, fair-play, transcendental
    experience, peak experience, courage, and related concepts.[106]
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology 13/47

    You might also like