Donor Management System
Donor Management System
Donor Management System
Management System?
A STEP-BY-STEP DECISION-MAKING WORKBOOK
March 2011
WELCOME!
Without an effective system to track donors and other constituents, you can spend too much time just trying to
figure out who to contact and miss out on many fundraising opportunities.
Most organizations have some kind of database to track all the different kinds of people they work with, but is
it the right one? Maybe you’ve had doubts about your current system for a while, but were reluctant to change.
Don’t be—just because your organization has been using it for years doesn’t mean it’s right for you.
But switching to a new system can be a difficult choice—often, you’ve come to know the weaknesses and quirks
of your current system, and the other systems seem shiny and full-featured in comparison. It can also be time-
consuming, and sometimes costly, to evaluate new systems, to move data from one system to another, and to allow
staff time to learn the new system. It’s not something to do on a whim, or in an effort to find a mythical “perfect
system.”
So how do you know if you should switch, or stick with what you have? This workbook will walk you through
the process of assessing your needs, comparing them to what you have, and determining the benefits—and the
costs—of moving. It doesn’t include everything you’ll need to assess your needs and pick a new system—instead,
it concentrates just on the title question: Do you need a new donor management system?
Through the course of the workbook, you’ll think through where you’re going with your donor management
strategy, and then what you need and what you have in terms of donor management features. You’ll then consider
your needs a little more broadly—how integrated should your system be with online features? Should it track con-
stituents other than donors? You’ll look at your system’s ease of use, and how your training, support, and process
can impact that. You’ll then wrap up by talking with your vendor or a consultant to confirm that your system really
doesn’t do the things you think it can’t, and then make your final decision.
Before you invest the time to complete this workbook, make sure it makes sense for you. It’s not
designed to help you decide which specific system to move to—although it can help you start your
thought process—but whether you should change systems at all.
The donor management system we use has been discontinued by the vendor.
We’re tracking donations in FileMaker or Access, but don’t know how to modify the system.
If you answered yes to any of these question, this workbook will only be of limited use. You definitely need a new
system, so you don’t need a workbook to figure that out! This workbook might help you to begin to define your
needs, but you’ll need to go well beyond it to actually choose the right system for your organization.
If you’re relatively happy, it almost certainly makes sense to stay with the system you have – meaning it may not
be worth your time to go through the process in this workbook. A new donor management system is a big com-
mitment, and there’s no such thing as a perfect system—it’s usually a mistake to change systems in pursuit of
something only slightly better than you have now.
If you didn’t check any of the above boxes, you may well have lingering doubts about your system. Are you paying
too much, or getting too little from it? Does it effectively support the tasks you need to accomplish? Forge onward
to decide if you need a new donor management system…
Donor management systems need to be capable not only of supporting your current fundraising
processes, but the processes you’ll develop as your organization grows and adds new strategies.
Use this worksheet to think through how you are currently using your donor management system,
and what you might need as your strategies evolve over the next two years.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What are the top 10 things you need your donor management system to do to support these priorities (for instance,
what data do you need to track? What reports do you need to create?)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
What new major events or strategies will be essential to your fundraising (such as a new foundation program, a
capital campaign or an anniversary gala)? In what areas will you grow—or shrink—your efforts? (Include only
things you are reasonably sure will happen.)
1.
2.
3.
How will these changes affect how you manage your donors—if at all?
1.
2.
3.
List the top five additional things you will need your system to do, based on your new fundraising activities.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
EXAMPLE
NEW STRATEGY:
As an organization, what level of donor management functionality do you need? Below we’ve
provided a list of common features—it’s not a complete list of all possible features, but will help
you assess how complex your donor management needs are.
Select the bubble that indicates how strongly you need your donor database to include each feature based on your
strategic thinking in the last worksheet. This worksheet only includes specific donor management needs—for
integrated online options (like email or payment processing) or features to track other kinds of constituents, see
worksheets #5 and #6.
Consider carefully what’s really a “must have”—that means you’d disqualify a system that’s perfect in every other
way just because it doesn’t have that feature.
YES YES
YES
DOES
DOESN’T HANDLES HANDLES DON’T
BASIC FEATURES PRETTY
DO A BIT GREAT KNOW
WELL
Store contact info for donors/ prospects
DOES
DOESN’T HANDLES HANDLES DON’T
MID-RANGE FEATURES PRETTY
DO A BIT GREAT KNOW
WELL
Track pledges, recurring, or future gifts
DOES
DOESN’T HANDLES HANDLES DON’T
ADVANCED FEATURES PRETTY
DO A BIT GREAT KNOW
WELL
Tailor the interface to each user’s particular needs
DOES
OTHER DOESN’T HANDLES HANDLES DON’T
PRETTY
DO A BIT GREAT KNOW
WELL
With that analysis under your belt, take a look at how your needs compare to what you already have. Do you need
many more advanced features? Or does your current system do a lot more than you actually need, implying that you
may have a system that’s too big and too expensive for you?
If what you have is way out of line with what you need, you might have just answered the key question of this
workbook, and you may need a new system.
Not quite that obvious? Take a minute to compare your needs to what you have and jot down your top six
concerns based on comparing your current system to your needs.
1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 6.
Should you have a donor management system that integrates all your online transactions with your
database? Almost everyone wants this, but in practice youll likely need to pay more for it depending
on what level of features you need, and especially if you need mid-level or advanced donor manage-
ment features as well. Below we’ve laid out the needs that might cause you to prioritize integration,
or lead you away from it—and the expense. For each online area, circle the box that best describes
your “must have” needs. (You can circle multiple needs for each area, if you like.)
BROADCAST EMAIL
• You need careful graphic format- You need to send an email to • You need the ability to merge
ting with templates or branding everyone found through a query donation data into email
• You need to report how many and • You need to synch email and donor
who opened or clicked data daily or more frequently
ONLINE PAYMENTS
You need specialized functional- You need to take donations, event • You get multiple payments a day
ity for particular types of online registration fees, membership that need to be connected to a
payments—for instance, automatic dues online donor records
corporate gift matching, event dis- • You want to solicit offline gifts
count codes, or support for gifts that based on online actions, or
are only partially tax deductible vice versa
WEBSITE NEEDS
You need to support a complex site You need to create simple forms • You need to easily give donors the
structure—for instance, with the which allow constituents to submit ability to create website content
same content appearing in multiple information into your donor (or blogs)
places on the site, or supporting management system • You need to do sophisticated
multiple websites analysis of who donated based on
what they do on the site
On the flip side, if you’ve circled needs in the “integration may not be worth it” column, consider how important
it is to actually have that feature integrated with your donor management system. If you need both sophisticated
features for donor management and sophisticated ones for email, for instance, it might make more sense in the
long run to simply use two separate systems.
If you have both substantial donor management needs and online needs, or if you found yourself circling both ends of
the arrow for some areas, you’re likely going to need to look for a more powerful—and likely more expensive—system.
Now that you’ve identified what features would be highly useful to integrate with your system, which of these
things does your current system do? Write down the four most important online features that your current
system doesn’t support.
1.
2.
3.
4.
You have constituents other than donors—perhaps clients, volunteers, press contacts or others.
Should you track them in your donor management system? It’s hard to decide. Start by identifying
all the constituents you support (use the list at the bottom to help), and plot them where you think
they belong on this matrix. Put them in the appropriate box based on how likely they are to donate,
and how complex the (non-fundraising) data you need to track about them is.
More
likely
to
donate
LIKELIHOOD TO DONATE
Less
likely
to
donate
Need to track lots of data with Only need to track a few
complex interrelations additional fields
The constituents on the top right of the matrix almost certainly should be tracked in your donor management
system—they’re relatively easy to track, and likely to donate. On the flip side, it may well make sense to use a
separate system to track those who require complex data and are unlikely to donate. The hard decisions are for
those in the middle shades of gray. Are they already being tracked in a system—and if so, is that process working?
Would it make sense to only track some data about them, but not all of it? Have staff expressed interest in includ-
ing them in your donor system?
1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 6.
Find out what other people in your organization think about your current system—send out an email
to everyone who uses it. When you get the scores back, lay them out into the matrix below. Put each
person’s score in the box that best corresponds to their relative level of experience with the system
and the relative complexity of their tasks. When you have everyone’s score in, find the average score
in each by adding all the scores in each box and dividing by the number of users in that box.
FOR EXAMPLE
We’re in the process of thinking through whether our current donor management system is the right one for us.
To help, can you respond to this email with your opinion on the usability of the system? On the following scale,
how would you rate the usability overall?
1. I can almost never figure out how to do what I need. 4. Most system tasks are generally straightforward.
2. I’m always having to take time to figure things out. 5. The system works well for me.
3. I can generally do what I need, but it often feels
harder than it needs to be.
As you think about the system, what tasks seem particularly hard to you? Thanks for your help!
Based on the scores above, and people’s comments in their emails, summarize the top four things you wish
were easier to do in your system:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Online
In Person
SUPPORT
Online/Email
Phone
In Person
Business Processes
Documenting your business processes—how you enter and manage information within your system—is essential
to system cleanliness, functionality and usability. Thorough documentation and training on those processes ensures
that everyone using your system is doing so in a uniform way.
Evaluate how your organization manages your business processes by checking all of the boxes that apply…
THOUGHT TRAINED
PROCESS ABOUT IT
COMMUNICATED IT DOCUMENTED IT
ON IT
The minimum amount of information that should
be entered for a donor or donation
The proper format for entering common info, like
names and addresses
How soon donations should be entered after
receiving them
How the system terminology maps to your organi-
zation’s terminology (if mapping is necessary)
How to enter complex donations like matching
gifts, stock gifts, or gifts with soft (aka recognition)
credits
Through these worksheets, you’ve identified a number of things you wish your current system
would handle better. But are you sure your system doesn’t do them better than you think? Some-
times features are hard to find, available in a new version, or there’s a way to handle your needs
differently.
So call your vendor! But wait? What if you’re using a system (like an open source system) that doesn’t have a
vendor? See if you can find a consultant who knows the system well who can talk through your needs.
Start by prioritizing your top 10 system issues from the lists in worksheets 4, 5, 6 and 7, and enter them into the column
on the left. Next, identify what you actually want to accomplish as opposed to the features you think you need. For
instance, if you need a list of donors that gave as part of a particular campaign, that could potentially be handled by a
search, a query or a report—think through your goal for each at the high level, and then enter it into the second column.
Finally, make a call to your vendor, tell them you’re evaluating whether you should stay with their system or move
to a new one, and ask them how you can achieve your goals. Write down what they have to say in the third column,
and then your reaction to whether that will meet your needs in the last column.
YOUR SCORE: 0-2—STAY WITH YOUR CURRENT SYSTEM You may be having a challenge here or there, but in general your
system is working fairly well for you. There’s no perfect system, and it’s time-consuming to move. Stick with the system you
have—congratulations on choosing a system that maps well to your needs!
YOUR SCORE: 3-4—REPLY HAZY You’re one of the unlucky folks who are on the borderline. You have some significant
concerns about your system, but moving systems is a big effort, and it’s unclear whether it will pay off. Are there other factors
that will help you decide? Are there cheaper options that might work better? Do you plan to expand your fundraising over the
next year or two in ways that might affect your needs?
Looking through the “For More Information” resources at the back of this workbook or spending some time demoing other
systems might help you understand if there are likely to be better options for you.
YOUR SCORE: 5 – 10—LOOK FOR A NEW SYSTEM There are a lot of things you’d like to be able to do that you can’t—or, you’re
paying too much for a system that’s too big. It’s time to move on. Take your analysis and information from this workbook, consult
the “For More Information” resources at the back of this workbook, and start a search for a system that will be a better fit.
How does that feel? Does the recommendation seem right to you? Make sure you do a gut-check before relying on
anything you’ve gotten out of a workbook. You know your situation better than any workbook can.
And best of luck on your donor management journey!
Ten Common Mistakes in Selecting Donor Databases (And How to Avoid Them) (Idealware)
http://www.idealware.org/articles/ten_common_mistakes_in_selecting_donor_databases.php
A look at some of the ways you can go wrong (or right) in selecting a donor database from Robert Weiner.
ABOUT IDEALWARE
Idealware helps nonprofits make smart software decisions by synthesizing vast amounts of original research and
information into thorough, approachable resources that make even the smallest organizations feel confident in
taking the next step in their software selection process. We provide a trusted and authoritative online guide to
nonprofit software including scrupulously researched in-depth reports, an online training library, and many articles
and case studies—for free—through our website, www.idealware.org. We also partner with organizations to develop
customized training and research to benefit entire networks of nonprofits.
Andrea Berry
Andrea oversees Idealware’s fundraising and training activities including the Field Guide to Nonprofit Software, spon-
sorship, corporate and individual giving, grants management and online seminars. Prior to joining Idealware, Andrea
held fundraising positions in education, health research and museums and has taught math, performing arts and history
in traditional and non-traditional educational settings. She brings a breadth of experience with fundraising software,
particularly as it relates to small nonprofits, and has worked as a consultant with nonprofits across New England to
help identify appropriate donor management software. Additionally, as a former teacher, Andrea brings front-line tested
expertise in curriculum development and training.
Chris Bernard
Chris is a longtime freelance writer. Prior to joining Idealware, he worked as a newspaper, magazine and public radio
journalist and managing editor, as senior copywriter at an advertising agency, as a corporate marketing and communica-
tions specialist, and as a technical writer. He also wrote a travel book about biking in New England.
Molly Ahearn
Award-winning graphic designer Molly Ahearn has worked with nonprofit organizations as well as large and
small-size companies making an impact nationally as well as locally.
Duff Batchelder, Management Solutions for Lisa Smith, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities
Nonprofit Organizations Robin Steinkraus, Flathead Lakers
Steve Beshuk, JCA Smita Vadakekalam, Heller Consulting, Inc
Liz Ferrari, Palm Drive Health Care Foundation Kevin Watters, Albert Baker Fund
Rob Jordan, Idealist Consulting Becky Weigand, TechSoup
Pamela Kepler, River City Food Bank Robert Weiner, Nonprofit Fundraising
Eric Leland, FivePaths Technology Consulting