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    A Indefinite Article: The Rule: Eg

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    Hayet Hayet
    The document provides a summary of English grammar rules for third year secondary school students studying experimental sciences. It covers 15 topics: 1) use of articles (a, an, the), 2) expressing conditions and wishes, 3) giving advice, 4) using conjunctions, 5) active and passive voice, 6) affixes, 7) degrees of certainty, 8) the "-ing" form, 9) uses of the present simple, 10) types of "if" clauses, 11) quantifiers, 12) expressing causes and results, 13) uses of "used to" and "used for", 14) dimensions, size, and distance, and 15) stative and dynamic verbs. The summary is intended

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    A Indefinite Article: The Rule: Eg

    Uploaded by

    Hayet Hayet
    36 views4 pages
    The document provides a summary of English grammar rules for third year secondary school students studying experimental sciences. It covers 15 topics: 1) use of articles (a, an, the), 2) expressing conditions and wishes, 3) giving advice, 4) using conjunctions, 5) active and passive voice, 6) affixes, 7) degrees of certainty, 8) the "-ing" form, 9) uses of the present simple, 10) types of "if" clauses, 11) quantifiers, 12) expressing causes and results, 13) uses of "used to" and "used for", 14) dimensions, size, and distance, and 15) stative and dynamic verbs. The summary is intended

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    The document provides a summary of English grammar rules for third year secondary school students studying experimental sciences. It covers 15 topics: 1) use of articles (a, an, the), 2) expressing conditions and wishes, 3) giving advice, 4) using conjunctions, 5) active and passive voice, 6) affixes, 7) degrees of certainty, 8) the "-ing" form, 9) uses of the present simple, 10) types of "if" clauses, 11) quantifiers, 12) expressing causes and results, 13) uses of "used to" and "used for", 14) dimensions, size, and distance, and 15) stative and dynamic verbs. The summary is intended

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    36 views4 pages

    A Indefinite Article: The Rule: Eg

    Uploaded by

    Hayet Hayet
    The document provides a summary of English grammar rules for third year secondary school students studying experimental sciences. It covers 15 topics: 1) use of articles (a, an, the), 2) expressing conditions and wishes, 3) giving advice, 4) using conjunctions, 5) active and passive voice, 6) affixes, 7) degrees of certainty, 8) the "-ing" form, 9) uses of the present simple, 10) types of "if" clauses, 11) quantifiers, 12) expressing causes and results, 13) uses of "used to" and "used for", 14) dimensions, size, and distance, and 15) stative and dynamic verbs. The summary is intended

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    ‫ملخص اللغة االنجليزية للسنة الثالثة ثانوي علوم تجريبية‬

    ‫من إعداد األخ أيمن و األخت إيمان‬

    the rules for when to use "A, An or The":

    A = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of


    the same objects) with consonants
    Eg : 1- She has a dog. 2- I work in a factory.
    An = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of
    the same objects) with vowels (a,e,i,o,u)
    Eg : 1- Can I have an apple? 2- She is an English teacher.
    The = definite article (a specific object that both the person
    speaking and the listener know)
    The car over there is fast.
    The teacher is very good, isn't he?
    The first time you speak of something use "a or an", the next
    time you repeat that object use "the".
    I ate in a Chinese restaurant. The restaurant was very good.
    DO NOT USE AN ARTICLE :
    1- with countries, states, counties or provinces, lakes and
    mountains except when the country is a collection of
    states such as "The United States".
    2- when you are speaking about things in general
    3- when you are speaking about meals, places, and
    transport( eg : university., taxi , home)
    1« Providing that / as long as ( Express : condition) »
    1- Providing that = as long as = but only if = if
    *Providing that= provided that
    *As long as = so long as.
    The rule : providing that/as long as + présent simple = future
    simple .
    Eg : providing that you work hard , you will succeed.
    2« I wish , it’s high / about time : »
    1- Expressing wishes :
    The rule :
    *I wish + past ===a regret about a présent situation (by
    imagining it’s opposite)
    Eg : i wish i had a car ( but i have not ).
    *I wish + past perfect ===a regret about a past situation
    Eg : i wish i had listened to your advice.
    *I wish + would ===a desire for change in the near future .
    Eg : i wish you would stop talking
    *I wish + could ===to express wishes about ourselves
    Eg : i wish i could be older .
    2- It’s high / about time :
    The rule :
    *It’ high/ about time + present simple =(it is the right
    times to do something)
    Eg : it’s high time our country takes measures to stop corruption
    *It’ high/ about time + past simple =( this action should
    be done before now)
    Eg : it’s higth time the bad leaders went to jail.
    3« had better/ had better not( Express : advice) »
    Had better = should = ought to
    The rule : had better / had better not + the verbe into infinitive
    without « to »
    Eg : you ‘d better visit the doctor.
    4« ‘so..that’ ‘such..that ‘ »
    The rule :
    1- So + adj +that
    Eg : businessmen ara so honest that thier consumers fell
    confident with them .
    2- Such + noun phrase+ that
    Eg :devloped countries have organized such economic
    structures that they never stop making progress.
    5« ‘the active/passive voice : ‘ »
    The rule :
    The active : s + v + o (the subject is the most important )
    The passive : o + to be (in the tense of verbe ) + verb in to p.p +
    by + agent(s)
    Eg : the teacher expain the lesson
    The lesson is explained by the teacher.
    Table of tense showing active and passive forms

    :
    tense active passive
    Present simple Cleans Is Cleaned
    Present continous Is/are cleaning Is/are being cleaned
    Simple past Cleaned Was/ were Cleaned
    Past continous Was/were cleaning Was being cleaned
    Present perfect Has/have cleaned Has/have been cleaned
    Past perfect Had cleaned Had been cleaned
    Futur Will clean Will be clean
    Present conditional Would clean Would be clean

    6« ‘Affixes : ‘ »

    1-prefix : is a syllable added in the begining of word to derive its


    opposit like : im , il , in , ir , dis ,un
    Eg : legal ==== illegal , agree ==== disagree
    2-Suffix : is a syllable added at the end of a word to derive
    another word like : y , ty , ness , ance , tion
    Eg : legal ==== legality , happy ==== happiness ,
    important ====importance
    7« degrees of certainty »

    Degrees of certainty expressions


    Categorical certainty 100% Will certainty / it is impossible
    Probability 70% It is probable that
    Possibility 50% It is possible/ can / may
    Remote possibility 30 % Could/might

    8« the ‘ ing ‘form »


    We can use the’ ing’ form as :
    1-At a part of verbe :
    Present continous : am/ is / are + verb + ing
    Past continous : was/were + verb + ing
    2-an adj : Eg : organic food is less damaging
    3-a noun : Eg : the smoking
    9« the use of the present simple : »
    We use the present simple :
    1-to express facts that are true all the times (expositry text)
    2-habitual action : eg : he always gets up at 7 :00
    3-permanent truth : he works in a factory
    4-declaration : i like honest actions
    5- instruction : go ahead
    6-future references : the match begins at 8 Monday
    10« the conditionl ‘if’ : »
    Type :
    0- if + present ===present (sure)
    1- if +present ===futur ( if you work , you’ll succeed)
    2- if + past simple === would (imaginary)
    3- if+ past perfect ===would have + p.p
    11« the quantifiers : »
    - many , much , a lot of = an axcessive amount
    - few , littel = an insufficient amount
    we use :
    *many, few , a lot of (countable nouns).
    *much, littel , a lot of (uncountable nouns) .
    12« cause / result: »
    *express cause = reason : because (of) , sience ,owing to ,due to
    * express result= effect : as a result , so , consquently.
    13« used to / used for ( Express: purpose) »
    The rule :
    1- Used to + verb into infinitive
    Eg : internat is used to give information
    2- Used for + verb into infinitive + ing
    Eg : internat is used for giving information
    3- The interrogative form : used only used for
    Eg : what are internat used for ? .( don’t say used to)
    14« ‘Dimension ; size ; distance : ‘ »
    1-dimension : Wide : How wide is + s… ?
    2-dimension : Long : How long is + s… ?
    3-dimension : Height : How heigh is + s…. ?
    1-size : Height : How heigh is + s…. ?
    1-distance : How long .. ?
    2-distance : How far .. ?
    The adj : How far is home from school ?
    *-adjective is after the measumrement
    Eg : it is 30 mn far from school
    *- adjective is before the preposition
    Eg : it is far from school
    15« ‘the stative verbs / the dynamic verbs : ‘ »
    the stative verbs the dynamic verbs
    -dscribe states -dscribe actions
    -unlimited period -limited period
    -conjugue only the simple -both simple and progressiveform
    (continous)

    *the groups of stative verb (refering)

    feeling thinking pereption wants having


    Like ,love Think See , hear Prefer, Seem ,
    Hate.. ,know.. ,smell want own ,
    bloy

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