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    GATE Aerospace Coaching by Team IGC Aircraft Propulsion Basics

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    NISHANT
    The document discusses key concepts related to jet propulsion, including: 1) It defines the thrust equation and explains its components of momentum thrust and pressure thrust. 2) It discusses propulsive efficiency (ηp), also called Froude efficiency, which measures how effectively the propelling duct is being propelled forward. 3) It explains that maximum thrust and maximum propulsive efficiency cannot be achieved at the same time, as one requires ci = 0 and the other requires cj = ci. 4) For maximum thrust power, the optimum ratio is ci/cj = 1/2.

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    GATE Aerospace Coaching by Team IGC Aircraft Propulsion Basics

    Uploaded by

    NISHANT
    61 views3 pages
    The document discusses key concepts related to jet propulsion, including: 1) It defines the thrust equation and explains its components of momentum thrust and pressure thrust. 2) It discusses propulsive efficiency (ηp), also called Froude efficiency, which measures how effectively the propelling duct is being propelled forward. 3) It explains that maximum thrust and maximum propulsive efficiency cannot be achieved at the same time, as one requires ci = 0 and the other requires cj = ci. 4) For maximum thrust power, the optimum ratio is ci/cj = 1/2.

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    GATE_AEROSPACE_Engineering_JET_PROPULSION

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    The document discusses key concepts related to jet propulsion, including: 1) It defines the thrust equation and explains its components of momentum thrust and pressure thrust. 2) It discusses propulsive efficiency (ηp), also called Froude efficiency, which measures how effectively the propelling duct is being propelled forward. 3) It explains that maximum thrust and maximum propulsive efficiency cannot be achieved at the same time, as one requires ci = 0 and the other requires cj = ci. 4) For maximum thrust power, the optimum ratio is ci/cj = 1/2.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    61 views3 pages

    GATE Aerospace Coaching by Team IGC Aircraft Propulsion Basics

    Uploaded by

    NISHANT
    The document discusses key concepts related to jet propulsion, including: 1) It defines the thrust equation and explains its components of momentum thrust and pressure thrust. 2) It discusses propulsive efficiency (ηp), also called Froude efficiency, which measures how effectively the propelling duct is being propelled forward. 3) It explains that maximum thrust and maximum propulsive efficiency cannot be achieved at the same time, as one requires ci = 0 and the other requires cj = ci. 4) For maximum thrust power, the optimum ratio is ci/cj = 1/2.

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    GATE Aerospace Coaching by Team IGC

    Aircraft Propulsion Basics


    JET PROPULSION
    Thrust equation:-
    F = 𝑚̇a [(1 + 𝑓)𝑐j−𝑐i] + (pe – pa) Ae
    here,
    Momentum thrust
    𝑚̇a [(1 + 𝑓)𝑐j−𝑐i ]
    Pressure thrust
    (pe – pa)
    Where,
    Fuel air ratio
    f = 𝑚̇f/𝑚̇a
    now, neglecting fuel air ratio as f<<1
    F = 𝑚̇a (𝑐j−𝑐i) + (pe – pa) Ae
    For optimum expansion pe≈ pa
    F = 𝑚̇a (𝑐j−𝑐i)
    Where,
    𝑚̇ci = inlet momentum drag

    Efficiencies
    1
    Thermodynamic Kinetic energy losses = 𝑚̇a(cj-ci)2
    2
    losses

    Heat Engine output Thrust power


    power power

    Propulsive power
    1
    = 𝑚̇a(cj-ci)
    2
    Thrust power
    = F.ci

    Propulsive efficiency (ɳp)(Froude efficiency)


    𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
    ɳp = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = (F.ci)/(1/2 𝑚̇a(cj-ci))
    𝑜𝑟
    𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

    ɳp = 𝑚̇a(cj-ci)ci/(1/2 𝑚̇a(cj+ci)(cj-ci)
    2𝑐𝑖
    ɳp =
    𝑐𝑗+𝑐𝑖

    ɳp = 2(ci/cj)/(1+(ci/cj))
    2∝
    ɳp =
    1+∝

    where,

    α = ci/cj
    ɳp is the measure of effectiveness with which the propelling duct is being propelled forward.

    This expression for ‘ɳp’ is valid for all air breathing engine.

    For maximum thrust ci = 0 or α = 0, c = 0

    For maximum ɳp ,α = 1 or cj = ci, F = 0

    For maximum thrust power,

    Thrust power = F.ci

    = 𝑚̇a (cj-ci)c i

    = 𝑚̇acjci (1-(ci/cj))

    = 𝑚̇acj2(1-α)α
    𝑑(𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟)
    = 𝑚̇acj (1-2α) = 0
    𝑑α

    α=½

    ci/cj = ½
    cj = 2ci

    ɳp = 2/3 or 66.67%

    Thermal efficiency (ɳth)


    𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
    ɳth = = F ci/𝑚̇ Q
    ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
    ɳth = 98%
    Overall efficiency (ɳov)
    𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
    ɳov =
    ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦

    also, ɳp x ɳth = ɳov

    NOTE

    Specific fuel consumption (SFC)

    SFC = 𝑚̇f/F = 𝑚̇f/F x3600 kg/N-hr

    Thrust power specific fuel consumption (TSFC)


    ̇ f/thrust power) x 3600 kg/w-hr
    TSFC = (𝑚

    Specific thrust (Fs)


    ̇ a(cj-ci))/𝑚̇a
    Fs = F /𝑚̇a = (𝑚
    Fs = (cj-ci) m/s

    Non-dimensional thrust
    𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑡
    = = Fs/a
    𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 (𝑎)

    Where,

    a = √𝛾𝑅𝑇

    Diffuser or intake

    ci ci

    Subsonic supersonic
     Total pressure decrease due to loss o energy (frictional losses)
     If friction is neglected then ‘po’ remains constant
     Total temperature remains constant
     Main function of intake is to minimize pressure ratio loss upto the compressor while ensuring
    flow enter the compressor with uniform pressure

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