400KV Protection PDF

400KV PROTECTION
PREPARED BY
GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS
OF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION
1. IN THIS TWO BUSES ARE PRIOVIDED.
BUS-1 2. THESE TWO BUSES ARE INTER CONNECTED BY THREE BREAKERS.
MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

3. THEY ARE DESIGNATED AS 1-52 CB, 2-52 CB, 3-52 CB.
4. LINE-1 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB.
1-52 CB 5. LINE-2 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 3-52 CB & 2-52 CB.
6. LINE-1 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e
A. VIA BUS-1 & 1-52 CB
B. VIA BUS-2, 3-52 CB & 2-52 CB
7. LINE-2 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e
LINE-1 A. VIA BUS-2 & 3-52 CB
B. VIA BUS-1, 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB
TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2 8. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-1 THE 1-52CB AND 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED.
9. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-2 THE 3-52CB & 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED.
10. FOR ANY PROBLEM IN LINE-1 OR LINE-2 THE MIDDLE BREAKER(2-52 CB)
MUST TRIP.
11. NORMALLY IN ALL TYPES OF BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS ONE BREAKER
2-52 CB IS SUFFICIENT FOR ONE FEEDER.
12. HERE TWO FEEDERS ARE CONTROLLING BY THREE BREAKERS.
13. SO THESE TWO FEEDERS CONTROLLING BY THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS
IT IS CALLED ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM.
14. THE BAY BETWEEN BUS-1 & LINE-1 IS CALLED MAIN BAY FOR FEEDER-1.
15. THE BAY BETWEEN LINE-1 & LINE-2 IS CALLED TIE BAY FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.
LINE-2 16. THE BAY BETWEEN BUS-2 & LINE-2 IS CALLED MAIN BAY FOR FEEDER-2.
MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2
3-52 CB
ADE/MRT/ T&C/400KV SS/
O/O CE/400KV / L&SS/ VS
BUS-2 APTRANSCO, HYDERABAD
ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM
(3CT’S METHOD)
BUS-1 BUS-2
1-89 3-89
1-52CB 3-52CB
P2 P2
1-CT 3P1 3 3-CT
P1
1-89A 3-89A
2-CT
3
3
P1 P2
2-89A 2-52CB 2-89B
1-89L 3-89T
LINE 1
T/F-1
(4CT’S METHOD)
BUS-1 BUS-2
1-89 3-89
1-52CB 3-52CB
P2 P2
1-CT 3P1 3 3-CT
P1
1-89A 3-89A
2-ACT 2-BCT
3
3
P2 P1 P1 P2
2-89A 2-52CB 2-89B
1-89L 3-89T
LINE 1
T/F-1
(5CT’S METHOD)
BUS-1 BUS-2
1-89 3-89
1-52CB 3-52CB
P2 P2
1-CT 3P1 3 3-CT
P1
1-89A 3-89A
2-CT
3
P1 P2
2-89A 2-52CB 2-89B
1-89L 3-89T
P2 P2
1L-CT 3P1 P1
3 3T-CT
LINE 1
T/F-1
(6CT’S METHOD)
BUS-1 BUS-2
1-89 3-89
P2 P2
P1
3 1A-CT 3A-CT 3 P1
1-52CB 3-52CB
P2 P2
P1
3 1B-CT 3B-CT 3
P1
1-89A 3-89A
2A-CT 2B-CT
3
3
P2 P1 P1 P2
2-89A 2-52CB 2-89B
1-89L 3-89T
T/F-1
LINE 1
(6CT’S METHOD)
BUS-1 BUS-2
1-89 3-89
1-52CB 3-52CB
P2 P2
P1
3 1-CT 3-CT 3
P1
1-89A 3-89A
2A-CT 2B-CT
3
3
P2 P1 P1 P2
2-89A 2-52CB 2-89B
1-89L 3-89T
P2
P2
3 1L-CT
3T-CT 3 P1
P1
T/F-1
LINE 1
PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME
86-A ABB 86-A ABB 86-A
MTR/ REL521 MTR/ RET521 MTR/
HSTR MAIN-1 HSTR MAIN-1 HSTR
TRIP COIL-1 TRIP COIL-1 TRIP COIL-1

1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB
BUS-1 BUS-2
86
ABB
-B ABB 86-B ABB 86-B
REL521
MTR/ REL316 MTR/ RET316 MTR/
MAIN
HSTR -1 MAIN-2 HSTR MAIN-2 HSTR
86-A : GROUP-A MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY

86-B : GROUP-B MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
BUS
3
3
3
3
1-89
3 2 1
1-52CB
P2
1
BUS BAR PROTECTION 3

2
BUS BAR CHECKUP PROT 3

3
METERING 3
1-CT
CORES
4
MAIN-2/BACKUP PROTECTION 3
5
MAIN-1 PROTECTION 3
P1
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM
1-89L
3
2
3
3
3
3
1-CVT
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
CONNECTIONS IN 3CT METHOD
1 – CT 2 – CT 3 – CT
CORE – 1 BUSBAR-1 2CT’s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND
( PS) PROTECTION CONNECTED TO MAIN PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMER
2CT’s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND
CORE – 2 BUSBAR-1 CHECKUP
CONNECTED TO BACKUP PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR
( PS) PROTECTION (SPARE)
FOR TRANSFORMER
CORE – 3 SPARE METERING & ENERGY METER FOR AT/F
( 0.5 / 0.2)
CORE – 4 METERING & ENERGY METER FOR FEEDER SPARE

(0.5 / 0.2)
2CT’s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND

CORE – 5 BUSBAR-2 CHECKUP
CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR FOR
( PS) PROTECTION (SPARE)
FEEDER
CORE – 6 2CT’s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND BUSBAR-2

( PS) CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR FEEDER PROTECTION
LINE PROTECTION
(CT CONNECTIONS IN 3CT’s METHOD)
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
BUS-1 BUS-2
BUS BAR PROTECTION
1-89 3-89
1-52CB 3-52CB
P2
3
12 3 4 5
3
CORES
3 1-CT
3 2-CT
3
6
P1 CORES
1-89A 2-52CB 1 2 3 4 5 6 3-89A
2-89A P2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 3-89T
1
1-89L P1 2-89B
1-CVT
3
3
2
LINE 1 3
3
. T/F-1
METERING
.
MAIN-2 PROTECTION
.
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
3
3
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT

3
BUS-1 BUS-2
3
3
BUS BAR PROTECTION

3
2
3
3
3
1-89 3-89
1-52CB 3-52CB
3 P2
2 3 4 5 6
3
CORES
3-CT
3
3
2-CT 3
1
CORES P1
1-89A 2-52CB 1 2 3 4 5 6 3-89A
2-89A
3
3
3
3
3
3
1-89L 3-89T
P1 P22-89B
3
3
LINE 1
3
3
2
T/F-1
3 METERING .
1
MAIN-2 PROTECTION .
LV CT MAIN-1 PROTECTION
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
1- CT 2-BCT 2-ACT 3-CT
CT SECONDARY SPARE SPARE CT SECONDARY
CORE-1 CORE IS CORE IS
(PS) CONNECTED TO CONNECTED TO
BUSBAR-1 BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION PROTECTION
BUSBAR-1 SPARE SPARE BUSBAR-2
CORE-2 CHECKUP CHECKUP
(PS) PROTECTION PROTECTION
(SPARE) (SPARE)
2CT’s SECONDARIES ARE 2CT’s SECONDARIES ARE
CORE-3 CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND
(0.5/0.2) CONNECTED TO CONNECTED TO
PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER
CORE-4 CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND
(PS) CONNECTED TO CONNECTED TO
MAIN-2 PROTECTION BACKUP PROTECTION
AFTER LBB/BFR AFTER LBB/BFR
CORE-5 CONNECTED CONNECTED
(PS) IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO
MAIN-1 PROTECTION MAIN PROTECTION
LINE PROTECTION
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
BUS-1 BUS-2
BUS BAR PROTECTION
1-89 3-89
1-52CB 3-52CB
P2
3
1
3
CORES
2 3 4
3 1-CT
3 2B-CT
3
5
P1 CORES
1-89A 2-52CB 1 2 3 4 5 3-89A
2-89A
3
3
3
3
3
3 3-89T
1
1-89L 2-89B
1-CVT P1 P2
3
3
2
LINE 1 3
3
. T/F-1
METERING
.
MAIN-2 PROTECTION
.
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
3
3 (CT CONNECTIONS IN 4CT’s METHOD)
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT

3
BUS-1 BUS-2
3
3
BUS BAR PROTECTION

3
2
3
3
3
1-89 3-89
1-52CB 3-52CB
3 P2
1
3
4 3 2
CORES
3-CT
3
3
2A-CT 3
5
CORES P1
1-89A 1 2 3 4 5 2-52CB 3-89A
2-89A
3
3
3
3
1-89L 3-89T
P2 P1 2-89B
3
3
LINE 1
3
3
2
T/F-1
3 METERING .
1
MAIN-2 PROTECTION .
LV CT MAIN-1 PROTECTION
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
1-CT 1-LCT 2-CT 3-TCT 3-CT
BUSBAR-1 TEED PROT-1 TEED PROT-1 TEED PROT-1 BUSBAR-2
CORE-1 PROTECTION (BAY 1&2) (BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3) PROTECTION
(PS)
BUSBAR-1 TEED PROT-2 TEED PROT-2 TEED PROT-2 BUSBAR-2
CORE-2 CHECKUP (BAY 1&2) (BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3) CHECKUP
(SPARE) (SPARE)
SPARE METERING & SPARE METERING & SPARE
CORE-3 ENERGY ENERGY
(0.5/0.2) METER METER
TEED PROT-2 MAIN-2 TEED PROT-2 BACKUP TEED PROT-2

CORE-4 (BAY 1&2) PROTECTION (BAY 1&2) PROTECTION (BAY 2&3)
(PS) AFTER AFTER AFTER
LBB/BFR LBB/BFR LBB/BFR
(1-52) (2-52) (3-52)
TEED PROT-1 MAIN-1 TEED PROT-1 MAIN TEED PROT-1
CORE-5 (BAY 1&2) PROTECTION (BAY 1&2) PROTECTION (BAY 2&3)
(PS)
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT
BUS-1
LINE PROTECTION BUS-2
BUS BAR PROTECTION (CT CONNECTIONS IN 5CT’s METHOD)
1-89 3-89
TEED-2 PROT (BAY1&2)


1-52CB 3-52CB
P2
3
1 2 3
CORES
3
1-CT
3
3
4
3 .
5
P1
1-89A 2-52CB 3-89A
2-89A
3
3
3
3
1-89L 5 4 3 2 1 3-89T
2-89B
P2 3 CORES
1
3 P1 2-CT P2
T/F-1
4 3 2
CORES
1L-CT
3
3
3
5
METERING
3
3
P1
3 MAIN-2 PROTECTION
3
2
1-CVT 3
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
1
LINE 1
BUS-1
T/F PROTECTION BUS-2
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT

BUS BAR PROTECTION
3
1-89 3-89
1 2 3 3 2 1
3
3
3
3
3
3


1-52CB 3-52CB
3 P2
1
3
2
3 3-CT
3 4 5
CORES
. 3
. 3
2-52CB P1 2-CT P1
1-89A P2 3-89A
2-89A
3
3
3
3
1-89L 5 4 3 2 1 3-89T
2-89B
CORES P2
1
3
CORES
2 3 4
3T-CT
METERING 3
MAIN-2 PROTECTION 3
MAIN-1 PROTECTION 3
5
3 LV CT
3
P1
3
3
2
1-CVT 3 T/F-1
1
LINE 1
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
(GIS or AIS with DEAD TANK CBs)
1B-CT 1A-CT 2B-CT 2A-CT 3A-CT 3B-CT
CORE-1 BUSBAR-1 2CT’s SECONDARIES 2CT’s SECONDARIES BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION ARE CONNECTED ARE CONNECTED PROTECTION
(PS) IN PARALLEL AND IN PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO CONNECTED TO
MAIN-1 PROTECTION MAIN-1 PROTECTION
CORE-2 BUSBAR-1 2CT’s SECONDARIES 2CT’s SECONDARIES BUSBAR-2

CHECKUP ARE CONNECTED IN ARE CONNECTED IN CHECKUP
(PS) PROTECTION PARALLEL AND PARALLEL AND PROTECTION
(SPARE) CONNECTED TO CONNECTED TO (SPARE)
MAIN-2 PROTECTION BACKUP PROTECTION
AFTER LBB/BFR AFTER LBB/BFR
CORE-3 SPARE 2CT’s SECONDARIES 2CT’s SECONDARIES SPARE

ARE CONNECTED IN ARE CONNECTED IN
(0.5/0.2) PARALLEL AND PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO CONNECTED TO
PANEL METERS & PANEL METERS &
ENERGY METER ENERGY METER
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
1-CT 1L-CT 2A-CT 2B-CT 3T-CT 3-CT
CORE-1 BUSBAR-1 TEED PROT-1 SPARE SPARE TEED PROT-1 BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION (BAY 1&2) (BAY 2&3) PROTECTION
(PS)
CORE-2 BUSBAR-1 TEED PROT-2 SPARE SPARE TEED PROT-2 BUSBAR-2
CHECKUP (BAY 1&2) (BAY 2&3) CHECKUP
(SPARE) (SPARE)
CORE-3 SPARE METERING & SPARE SPARE METERING & SPARE

ENERGY ENERGY
(0.5/0.2) METER METER
CORE-4 TEED PROT-2 MAIN-2 TEED PROT-2 TEED PROT-2 BACKUP TEED PROT-2
(BAY 1&2) PROTECTION (BAY 2&3) (BAY 1&2) PROTECTION (BAY 2&3)
(PS) AFTER LBB/BFR AFTER LBB/BFR AFTER LBB/BFR
(1-52) (2-52) (3-52)
CORE-5 TEED PROT-1 MAIN-1 TEED PROT-1 TEED PROT-1 MAIN TEED PROT-1
(BAY 1&2) PROTECTION (BAY 2&3) (BAY 1&2) PROTECTION (BAY 2&3)
(PS)
COMPARISION BETWEEN
4CT METHOD & 5CT METHOD
CT PURPOSE 5 CT METHOD 4 CT METHOD
BUSBAR &
BUSBAR CHECKUP
1 CT FOR BUS-1 & 1 CT FOR BUS-1 &
PROTECTION 3 CT FOR BUS-2 3 CT FOR BUS-2
1 CT & 2B CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED
MAIN-1, MAIN-2
PROTECTION &
1L CT FOR FEEDER-1 & PARALLEL FOR FEEDER-1 &
3L CT FOR FEEDER-2 3 CT & 2A CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED
METERING
PARALLEL FOR FEEDER-2
TEED-1 PROTECTION (HIGH Z) STUB-1 PROTECTION
(1 CT, 1L CT & 2 CT FOR FEEDER-
FEEDER-1 & ( MAIN-
MAIN-1 DISTANCE SCHEME IS CONVERTED
ADDITIONAL 3 CT, 3L CT & 2 CT FOR FEEDER-
FEEDER-2) TO STUB-
STUB-1 WHEN LINE ISOLATOR OPENS)
PROTECTION TEED-2 PROTECTION (LOW Z) STUB-2 PROTECTION
(1 CT, 1L CT & 2 CT FOR FEEDER-
FEEDER-1 & ( MAIN-
MAIN-2 DISTANCE SCHEME IS CONVERTED
3 CT, 3L CT & 2 CT FOR FEEDER-
FEEDER-2) TO STUB-
STUB-2 WHEN LINE ISOLATOR OPENS)
TEED PROTECTION
( THE 3NOs CT’s ARE CONEECTED IN TEE SHAPE
AND CONNECTED TO DIFFERENTIAL RELAY SO
IT IS CALLED TEED PROTECTION). STUB PROTECTION
TEED-
TEED-1 IS CONNECTED ON SUMMATION OF 3 TEE ( THERE IS NO UNCOVERED BLIND ZONE ) (WHEN
OTHER SHAPED CTs & CONNECTED TO 3- 3-PH HIGH EVER LINE ISOLATOR OPENS MAIN-
MAIN-1 & MAIN-
MAIN-2
IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY . WILL BE CONVERTED TO STUB/ BUS OVER LOAD
INFORMATION TEED-
TEED-2 IS CONNECTED TO 3 WINDING LOW RELAYS. STUB MEANS DEAD END)
IMPEDENCE BIASED DIFFERENTIAL RELAY OF ( STUB IS INBUILT FEATURE IN ADVANCED
3 TEE SHAPED CTs. NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME RELAYS)
( TEED PROTECTION WILL BE USED TO COVER
BLIND AREA BETWEEN TEE SHAPED CT’s
CONNECTED IN DIFF PROTECTION)
INFORMATION REGARDING
6CT METHOD
¾ THE LOCATION OF THE CTs ON BOTH SIDES OF THE CIRCUIT
BREAKERS IS TYPICAL FOR SUBSTATIONS WITH DEAD-TANK
CIRCUIT BREAKERS or GIS CIRCUIT BREAKERS.
¾ LIVE-TANK CIRCUIT BREAKERS MAY HAVE CTs ONLY ON ONE
SIDE TO REDUCE COST.
¾ A FAULT BETWEEN CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND CT(END FAULT) MAY
THEN STILL BE FED FROM ONE SIDE EVEN WHEN THE BREAKER
HAS BEEN OPENED.
¾ CONSEQUENTLY, FINAL FAULT CLEARING BY CASCADED
TRIPPING HAS TO BE ACCEPTED IN THIS CASE.
¾ STUB PROTECTION RELAY PROVIDED IN CASE OF LINE ISOLATOR
OPENS.
¾ 1B-CT FOR BUSBAR-1 AND 3B-CT FOR BUSBAR-2 FOR BUSBAR
PROTECTION & BUSBAR CHECKUP PROTECTION.
¾ 1A-CT & 2B-CT SECONDARIES ARE PARALLED AND CONNECTED
TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION, MAIN-2 PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR
AND METERING.
ONE & HALF BREAKER ( 6 CT METHOD) WITH PROTECTION SCHEME
TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER
SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS
DS : DISCONNECTOR SWITCH, GS: GROUNDING SWITCH, CT: CURRENT TRANSFORMER, VD: VOLTAGE DIVIDER
400KV C.T. INFORMATION
P1 P2
PRIMARY CONNECTIONS : P1 – P2
CURRENT RATING : 2000 AMPS
SECONDARY CONNECTIONS P1 P2
CORES CLASS PURPOSE CURRENT RATING : 1A
2000/ 1A 1000/ 1A 500/ 1A
BUSBAR 1S2 – 1S3 __
CORE-1 PS 1S1 – 1S3
5S1
U
3
1S1
3
5S2
PROTECTION 1S1 – 1S2 1S2
1S3
5S3
5S4
BUSBAR 3
4S1
U
2S1 3
4S2
2S2 – 2S3 2S2
2S3 4S3
CORE-2 PS CHECKUP 2S1 – 2S3 __ U
3
4S4
2S1 – 2S2 1
3
1 5S S2
PROTECTION
3S4
1S S1
3S2
3S3
3S1
1S 2
3 5 S3
5 S4
U
3 5
3S2 – 3S4 3S3 – 3S4 HAIR
4S1
CORE-3 0.5 / 0.2 METERING 3S1 – 3S4
U
3
3 4S2 PIN /
3S1 – 3S2 3S2 – 3S3 2S12
2S 3
4S3
4S4
U U SHAPE
3
2S
MAIN-2 4S2 – 4S4 4S3 – 4S4 DESIGN
3S4
3S2
3S3
3S1
PROTECTION 4S1 – 4S2 4S2 – 4S3
EYE BOLT
MAIN-1 5S2 – 5S4 5S3 – 5S4 DESIGN
PROTECTION 5S1 – 5S2 5S2 – 5S3 DEAD TANK DESIGN
CT LOAD FLOW DIAGRAMS WHEN
1-52 CB OPEN (3 CT METHOD)
1000A LINE AT/F 500A
CORE-
CORE- 1, 2, 3 FOR 0500/1A
CORE-
CORE- 4, 5, 6 FOR 1000/1A
1-CT 2-CT 3-CT
2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A
1-52CB 0A 2-52CB 1000A 1000A 1500A 3-52CB
P2 P1
3
P1 P2 P1 P2
3
3
3
S2 S4 S4 S3 S4 S2 S4 S3
0A 2.0A 1.0A 3.0A
0A 1.0A
3.0A
2.0A
0A 1.0A 1.0A 1.0A

3.0A
2.0A 2.0A
1.0A
1.0A
MAIN-1/ MAIN-1/
MAIN-2/ MAIN-2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
LINE AT/F
CORE-
CORE- 1, 2, 3 FOR 0500/1A
CORE-
CORE- 4, 5, 6 FOR 1000/1A
1-CT 2-CT 3-CT
2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A
1-52CB 1000A 2-52CB 0A 0A 0500A 3-52CB
P2 P1
3
P1 P2 P1 P2
3
3
3
S2 S4 S4 S3 S4 S2 S4 S3
1.0A 0A 0A 1.0A
1.0A 0A
1.0A
0A
1.0A 0A 0A 0A
1.0A
0A 0A
1.0A
1.0A
MAIN-1/ MAIN-1/
MAIN-2/ MAIN-2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
LINE AT/F
CORE-
CORE- 1, 2, 3 FOR 0500/1A
CORE-
CORE- 4, 5, 6 FOR 1000/1A
1-CT 2-CT 3-CT
2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A
1-52CB 1500A 2-52CB 500A 500A 0A 3-52CB
P2 P1
3
P1 P2 P1 P2
3
3
3
S2 S4 S4 S3 S4 S2 S4 S3
1.5A 1.0A 0.5A 0A
1.5A 0.5A
0A
1.0A
1.5A 0.5A 0.5A 0.5A

0A
1.0A 1.0A
1.0A
1.0A
MAIN-1/ MAIN-1/
MAIN-2/ MAIN-2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
LINE AT/F
CT LOAD FLOW DIAGRAMS (3 CT METHOD)
1000A LINE-1 LINE-2 500A
1-CT 2-CT 3-CT

2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A
1-52CB 750A 2-52CB 250A 250A 750A 3-52CB
P2 P1
3
P1 P2 P1 P2
3
3
3
S2 S4 S4 S3 S4 S2 S4 S3
0.75A 0.25A 0.25A 0.75A
0.75A 0.25A
0.75A
0.25A
0.75A 0.25A 0.25A 0.25A

0.75A
0.25A 0.25A
1.0A
1.0A
MAIN-1/ MAIN-1/
MAIN-2/ MAIN-2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
LINE-1 LINE-2
1-52 CB OPEN ( 4 CT METHOD)
1-CT 2-ACT 2-BCT 3-CT

2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A
1-52CB 0A 1000A 2-52CB 1000A 1500A 3-52CB
P2 P1
3
P2 P1 P1 P2 P1 P2
3
S2 S4 S3 S4 S4 S2 S4 S3
0A 2.0A 1.0A 3.0A
0A 2.0A 1.0A
3.0A
0A 1.0A 1.0A 1.0A

3.0A
2.0A 2.0A
1.0A
1.0A
MAIN-1/ MAIN-1/
MAIN-2/ MAIN-2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
LINE AT/F

2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A
1-52CB 1000A 0A 2-52CB 0A 500A 3-52CB
P2 P1
3
P2 P1 P1 P2 P1 P2
3
S2 S4 S3 S4 S4 S2 S4 S3
1.0A 0A 0A 1.0A
1.0A 0A 0A
1.0A
1.0A 0A 0A 0A
1.0A
0A 0A
1.0A
1.0A
MAIN-1/ MAIN-1/
MAIN-2/ MAIN-2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
LINE AT/F
3-52 CB OPEN ( 4 CT METHOD)

2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A
1-52CB 1500A 500A 2-52CB 500A 0A 3-52CB
P2 P1
3
P2 P1 P1 P2 P1 P2
3
S2 S4 S3 S4 S4 S2 S4 S3
1.5A 1.0A 0.5A 0A
1.5A 1.0A 0.5A

0A
1.5A 0.5A 0.5A 0.5A

0A
1.0A 1.0A
1.0A
1.0A
MAIN-1/ MAIN-1/
MAIN-2/ MAIN-2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
LINE AT/F
CT LOAD FLOW DIAGRAMS ( 4 CT METHOD)
500A LINE-1 LINE-2 1000A

2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A 2000-1000-500/1A
1-52CB 750A 250A 2-52CB 250A 750A 3-52CB
P2 P1
3
P2 P1 P1 P2 P1 P2
3
S2 S4 S3 S4 S4 S2 S4 S3
0.75A 0.25A 0.25A 0.75A
0.75A 0.25A 0.25A

0.75A
0.75A 0.25A 0.25A 0.25A

0.75A
0.25A 0.25A
0.5A
1.0A
MAIN-1/ MAIN-1/
MAIN-2/ MAIN-2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
LINE-1 LINE-2
MAIN-1, MAIN-2
PROTECTION &
METERING
FOR LINE
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO
FOR TRANSMISIION LINES & DISTRIBUTION LINES ( FEEDER / LINE PROTECTION )
Sr.No VOLTAGE MAIN- 1 PROTECTION MAIN-2 PROTECTION/ BACKUP PROTECTION

1. 11 KV LINES 2 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) -
2. 33 KV LINES 3 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) -
3. 66 KV LINES SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR 3 O/L + E/F
4. 132 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N) ( 50 + 50N + 51 + 51N + 67 + 67N )
NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR
5. 220 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N)
NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR
6. 400 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N)
IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS, BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE MEASURING
PRINCIPLES (CHARECTERESTICS), MODELS AND ALGORITHAMS (SHOULD NOT BE
DUPLICATED) AND ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH
RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS ( COMPLEMENTARY TO EACH
OTHER ). DISSIMILAR CARRIER SCHEMES ARE TO BE SELECTED ( POTT&PUTT ).
ZONE-1: 80% OF MAIN LINE
ZONE-2: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 50% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END
ZONE-3: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 100% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END
ZONE-4: 100% OF MAIN LINE + (100% OF SHORTEST LINE + 20% OF LONGEST LINE)
AT OTHER END.
MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR LINE
(4CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR5 / A511 VR11 / E111
IY5 / A531 VY11 / E131
1-CT
IB5 / A551 REL 521 VB11 / E151
CORE-5 3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S4 VN11 / E171
ACTIVE START TRIP
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 5S2 5S2 5S2 IN5 / A571
CLASS: PS 1-CVT
CORE – 1
DISPLAY 200VA
CLASS: 3P
C
E
CT MB
2-BCT
CORE-5
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
5S2 5S2 5S2
5S4 5S4 5S4

CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
(4CT METHOD) (NEW DEVELOPMENT)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR5 / A511 VR11 / E111 1-CVT
IA =250.10 A
IY5 / A531 IB =250.10 A VY11 / E131 CORE – 1
1-CT
IB5 / A551 IC =250.10 A VB11 / E151
200VA
CORE-5 3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S4
VAB =400.0 KV VN11 / E171
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 5S2 IN5 / A571 CLASS: 3P
5S2 5S2 VBC =400.0 KV
CLASS: PS VCA =400.0 KV
ESC ENT
CT MB ENABLED
TARGET
TRIP RESET
2-BCT INST PH-A

TIME PH-B
CORE-5 IN5 / A571 COMM PH-C
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
5S2 5S2 5S2 SOTF GND
5S4 5S4 5S4 ZONE1 50
CLASS: PS IB5 / A551
ZONE2 51
IY5 / A531 ZONE3 79 RESET
ZONE4 79 LOCKOUT
IR5 / A511
SEL- 421
P2 P2 P2 SEL PROTECTION
AUTOMATION
CONTROL
(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR5 / A511 VR11 / E111
IY5 / A531 VY11 / E131
1-LCT
IB5 / A551 REL 521 VB11 / E151
CORE-5 3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S4 VN11 / E171
ACTIVE START TRIP
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 5S2 5S2 5S2 IN5 / A571
CLASS: PS 1-CVT
CORE – 1
DISPLAY 200VA
CLASS: 3P
C
E
(4CT METHOD)
50Z
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR4 / C411 VR21 / E211
IY4 / C431 VY21 / E231
1-CT RAICA IB4 / C451 REL 316 VB21 / E251
CORE-4 3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S4 LBB / BFR VN21 / E271
ACTIVE START TRIP
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 4S2 4S2 4S2 IN4 / C471
CLASS: PS 1-CVT
CORE – 2
DISPLAY 200VA
CLASS: 3P
C
E
CT MB
2-BCT
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
4S2 4S2 4S2
4S4 4S4 4S4

CLASS: PS
RAICA
LBB / BFR
P2 P2 P2 50ZT
(4CT METHOD) ( NEW DEVELOPMENT)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR4 / C411 VR21 / E211 1-CVT
IY4 / C431 VY21 / E231 CORE – 2
1-CT
IB4 / C451 VB21 / E251
200VA
CORE-4 3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S4 VN21 / E271
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 4S2 4S2 4S2 IN4 / C471 CLASS: 3P
CLASS: PS
CT MB
2-BCT
CORE-4 IN4 / C471
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
4S2 4S2 4S2
4S4 4S4 4S4

CLASS: PS IB4 / C451
IY4 / C431
IR4 / C411
P2 P2 P2
MULTI FUNCTION NUMERICAL RELAY FOR
MULTI BREAKER, MULTI CT & CVT/PT APPLICATION
(NEW APPLICATION) (ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM or RING BUS SYSTEM)
3
1-52 CB 2-52 CB 3-52 CB
3
3
BUS-1 PT BUS-2 PT
3
3
59 50 BF-1 50 BF-2
79-1 79-2 25-1 25-2
1-52,2-52: MAIN & TIE CIRCUIT BREAKER

21P 50P 51P 67P 21P: PHASE DISTANCE PROTECTION
27 21N: GROUND DISTANCE PROTECTION
27: UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY
21N 50N 51N 67N
67: DIRECTIONAL RELAY
50: INST OVER CURRENT RELAY
51: TIME OVER CURRENT RELAY
59: OVER VOLTAGE RELAY
3
3 64: EARTH FAULT RELAY
50BF-1: LBB/BFR OF MAIN CB
LINE CVT 50BF-2: LBB/BFR OF TIE CB
79-1,2: AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY OF
MAIN & TIE CB
25-1,2: CHECK SYNCHRONISAM RELAY
LINE FOR MAIN & TIE CB
(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR4 / C411 VR21 / E211
IY4 / C431 VY21 / E231
1-LCT
IB4 / C451 REL 316 VB21 / E251
CORE-4 3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S4 VN21 / E271
ACTIVE START TRIP
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 4S2 4S2 4S2 IN4 / C471
CLASS: PS 1-CVT
CORE – 2
DISPLAY 200VA
CLASS: 3P
C
E
MULTI FUNCTION PANEL METERING & ENERGY METER
(4CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR3 / D311
IY3 / D331
1-CT
IB3 / D351
CORE-3 3 3 3
3S4 3S4 3S4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 3S2 3S2 3S2 IN3 / D371
CLASS: 0.5
CT MB
VR31 / E311
VY31 / E331
2-BCT
VB31 / E351
CORE-3
3 3 3
3S2 3S2 3S2 VN31 / E371
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3S4 3S4 3S4
CLASS: 0.5 1-CVT
CORE – 3
100VA
P2 P2 P2 CLASS: 0.5
MULTI FUNCTION PANEL METERING & ENERGY METER
(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR3 / D311
IY3 / D331
1-LCT
IB3 / D351
CORE-3 3 3 3
3S4 3S4 3S4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 3S2 3S2 3S2
CLASS: 0.5/0.2
IN3 / D371
VR31 / E311
VY31 / E331
VB31 / E351
VN31 / E371
1-CVT
CORE – 3
100VA
CLASS: 0.5/0.2
BUSBAR
PROTECTION
SCHEMES
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF BUSBAR PROTECTION
NEED FOR BUSBAR PROTECTION
IN ITS ABSENCE FAULT CLEARING TAKES PLACE IN ZONE-2 OF DISTANCE
RELAY BY REMOTE END TRIPPING.
THIS MEANS SLOW AND UNSELECTIVE TRIPPING AND WIDE SPREAD
BLACKOUT.
EFFECT OF DELAYED CLEARENCE
GREATER DAMAGE AT FAULT POINT.
INDIRECT SHOCK TO CONNECTED EQUIPMENT LIKE SHAFTS OF
GENERATOR AND WINDINGS OF TRANSFORMER.
BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFF’s CURRENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS
ENTERING A GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING AT THAT
NODE.
BUS BAR PROTECTION SYSTEMS
LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
THE MOST SUITABLE PROTECTION SCHEME FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE
BUSBAR SYSTEMS (WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFER BUS) WITH FEEDERS BEING
SWITCHED BETWEEN SECTIONS OF BUSBAR, WHICH OPERATES WITH FULL
SELECTIVITY FOR ALL POSSIBLE BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENCIAL PROTECTION
THE HIGH IMPEDENCE PROTECTION SCHEME, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS A
GOOD SOLUTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS , ONE & HALF BREAKER
SYSTEMS OR RING BUSBARS, PROVIDING THAT APPROPRIATE DEDICATED CT
CORES ARE AVAILABLE FOR THIS USE ALONE.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENCIAL PROTECTION
SENSTIVE, STABLE & FAST PROTECTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR
ARRANGEMENTS AND ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS. THE SYSTEM HAS LIMITS
WHEN USED IN COMPLEX BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS.
HOWEVER, SPECIAL CT REQUIREMENTS, ADDITIONAL HIGH VOLTAGE
DEVICE PROTECTION, DEMANDING MAINTANENCE ETC PUT RESTRICTIONS IN ITS
APPLICATIONS.
LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
PUTS STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS ON CT’s.
NEED FOR DEDICATED CT CORES.
IDENTICAL CT RATIO, MAGNETISING IMPEDENCE.
AUX CT’s RATIO CORRECTIONS UNACCEPTABLE.
IN ABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT.
SLOW RESPONSE.
BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 – 20ms.
THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THE TRIP COMMAND IS
ONLY GIVEN WHEN BOTH A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM OPERATES.
LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
LOW IMPEDENCE PROTECTION(PERCENTAGE BIASED BUS DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY) IS PREFARABLE FOR THE PROTECTION OF DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR
SYSTEMS.
ADVANTAGES
FREE OF ANY NEED FOR MATCHED CT CHARACTERESTICS OR RATIOs,
LOW LEAKAGE REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE.
OTHER PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME CIRCUIT.
STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVELS. INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION.
DETECTS FAULTS WITHIN 1 – 2ms & INITIATES TRIPPING WITHIN 5 – 7ms.
BASICS OF BUS BAR PROTECTION
BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFF’s CURENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS ENTERING A GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL
TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING THAT NODE
EXTERNAL FAULT INTERNAL FAULT

IF
I1 I1
I2 I2
I3 I3
I4 I4
I5 I5
I6 I6
IF
IF= I6= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5 IF= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5+I6
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BUSBAR SCHEMES
HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PERCENTAGE BIASED LOW
DETAILS
PROTECTION IMPEDENCE BUS BAR PROTECTION
THE CURRENTS ENTERING AND LEAVING THE IT HAS DIFFERENTIAL AND BIAS SETTING. THE
PRINCIPLE BUSBAR ARE COMPARED CONTINUOSLY. IT
INVOLVES CHOOSING OF IMPEDENCE HIGH
RESULTANT BIAS IS PROPOTIONAL TO
ARITHMATIC SUM OF ALL CURRENTS, WHEREAS
ENOUGH STABLISE THE RELAY FOR HEAVY THE OPERATING CURRENT IS VECTOR SUM OF
EXTERNAL FAULTS ALL CIRCUIT CURRENTS.
IT REQUIRES ALL IDENTICAL CT RATIO’s & TURNS IT CAN WORK WITH CTs OF UNEQUAL RATIOS
CTs RATIO. LOW RESISTANCE OF SECONDARY WINDING ALSO. FREE OF ANY NEED OF MATCHED CT
CHARACTERESTIC OR RATIOs LOW LEAKAGE
MINIMUM KNEE POINT VOLTAGE OF 300-
300-500V.
LOW MAGNETISING CURRENT(FEW MILLIAMPS). REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE. OTHER
PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE
SAME CIRCUIT.
IMPOSES COMPARATIVELY HIGH BURDEN ON CTs. IMPOSES LESS BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs
BURDEN AUXILIARY CTs REDUCE THE PERFORMANCE OF
THE SCHEME
HAVE NO EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF
SCHEME.
OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET
CT SATURATION SATURATED DURING INTERNAL FAULTS. SATURATED DURING INTERNAL FAULTS.
INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION.
IT IS GOOD SOLUTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR MOST SUITABLE FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE
UTILISATION ARRANGEMENTS, ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS
OR RING BUSBAR SYSTEMS.
BUSBAR SYSTEMS ( WITH OR WITHOUT
TRANSFER BUS).
BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME DETECTS FAULTS WITH IN 1 –2 mS AND INITIATES
OPERATING TIME IS 15 – 20 mS.
mS. TRIPPING WITH IN 5-
5-7mS.
INABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVEL.
STABILITY CURRENT
HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND
PERFORMANCE COMPLETELY STABLE FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS. COMPLETELY STABLE FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS.
THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THIS RELAY HAS IN BUILT CHECK ZONE
ADDITIONAL THE TRIP COMMAND IS ONLY GIVEN WHEN BOTH
A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM
FEATURE (NO SEPARATE CHECKZONE FEATURE)
i.e OVER CURRENT STARTING RELAY PROVIDED.
PROTECTION OPERATES.
BUS BAR PROTECTION
(4CT & 5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
BUS BAR
1-CT REB 521 PROTECTION
IN1 / B171
CORE-1 3 3 3
1S3 1S3 1S3
ACTIVE START TRIP FOR
CTR: 2000-1000/1A 1S1 1S1 1S1
IB1 / B151 BUS-1
CLASS: PS IY1 / B131
IR1 / B111 DISPLAY
E
REB 316
CT MB
IR1 / B111 ACTIVE START TRIP
3-CT IY1 / B131
CORE-1 IB1 / B151
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
3 3 3
1S1 1S1 1S1
1S3 1S3 1S3

DISPLAY
CLASS: PS IN1 / B171
C
BUS BAR
P2 P2 P2 PROTECTION
E
FOR
BUS-2
BUS BAR PROTECTION
ABB RADSS BUS BAR-2 PROTECTION
BUS-2
3-52CB 6-52CB 9-52CB 12-52CB 15-52CB 18-52CB
33CT 36CT 39CT 312CT 315CT 318CT

2-52CB 5-52CB 8-52CB 11-52CB 14-52CB 17-52CB
31CT 34CT 37CT 310CT 313CT 316CT

1-52CB 4-52CB 7-52CB 10-52CB 13-52CB 16-52CB
BUS-1
ABB RADSS BUS BAR-1 PROTECTION

BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME
HIGH SPEED
1-52 CB PANEL
1-52 CB PANEL TO CLOSE CKT INTERLOCK
TRIP RELAY TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TRIP FROM 50 LBB FOR TO TRIP COIL-2
DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-1
TO START 50 LBB
1-52 CB DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-2
TO DISTURBENCE RECORDER
4-52 CB PANEL HIGH SPEED

4-52 CB PANEL
TO CLOSE CKT INTERLOCK
REB 521 TRIP FROM 50 LBB TRIP RELAY

FOR
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TO START 50 LBB
ACTIVE START TRIP 7-52 CB PANEL

HIGH SPEED
7-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO CLOSE CKT INTERLOCK
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO START 50 LBB FOR TO TRIP COIL-2
DISPLAY HIGH SPEED

10-52CB PANEL
10-
10-52 CB PANEL TRIP RELAY TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

FOR TO TRIP COIL-2
10-
TO START 50 LBB
C 13-52 CB PANEL
HIGH SPEED
13-
TO TRIP COIL-1
13-
TO START 50 LBB TO DISTURBENCE RECORDER
E 16-
16-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TRIP RELAY TO BLOCK A/R

TO TRIP COIL-1
FOR TO TRIP COIL-2
TO START 50 LBB 16-
+VE BUSBAR PANEL

BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME
HIGH SPEED
3-52 CB PANEL
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO START 50 LBB

6-52 CB PANEL
REB 316 TRIP FROM 50 LBB TRIP RELAY

FOR
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TO START 50 LBB
ACTIVE START TRIP 9-52 CB PANEL

HIGH SPEED
9-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO CLOSE CKT INTERLOCK
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO START 50 LBB FOR TO TRIP COIL-2
DISPLAY HIGH SPEED

12-52CB PANEL
12-
12-52 CB PANEL TRIP RELAY TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

FOR TO TRIP COIL-2
12-
TO START 50 LBB
C 15-52 CB PANEL
HIGH SPEED
15-
TO TRIP COIL-1
15-
TO START 50 LBB TO DISTURBENCE RECORDER
E 18-
18-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TRIP RELAY TO BLOCK A/R

TO TRIP COIL-1
FOR TO TRIP COIL-2
TO START 50 LBB 18-
+VE BUSBAR PANEL

MISCELENEOUS
RELAYS & PROTECTIONS
ADOPTED FOR LINE IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
(STUB, TEED, LBB/BFR AND AUTO
RECLOSURE FUNCTIONS)PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
STUB-1/ STUB-2 PROTECTION
3
BUS-1
3
1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB
3
BUS-2
STUB-1&2
(BAY 1&2)
1-89L
LINE-1 AT/F-1
REL 521 DISTANCE RELAYS CONVERTED TO
STUB/BUS OVER LOAD RELAYS
REL 316 WHEN LINE ISOLATOR OPENS
WHEN A LINE IS SUPPLIED VIA TWO CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN A ONE & HALF CIRCUIT
BREAKER ARRANGEMENT, THE LINE PROTECTION INCLUDES THE AREA BETWEEN THE TWO
CT’s. HOWEVER, WHEN THE LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN THE LINE CVT‘s FOR THE DISTANCE
PROTECTION ARE CONNECTED TO THE LINE AND CANNOT PROVIDE THE CORRECT
VOLTAGE FOR THE STUB END.(i.e THE AREA BETWEEN THE LINE ISOLATOR AND CT’s)
(STUB = DEAD END)
TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR A FAULT IN THIS AREA, REL 521/ REL 316 IS
PROVIDED WITH A STUB PROTECTION WHICH GIVES AN BUS OVER CURRENT TRIP IF THE
LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN AND THE CURRENT EXCEEDS THE SET VALUE IN ANY PHASE.
STUB-1 (BAY 1&2) IT OPERATES THE 3PH TRIP GR-A MAIN CB (1-52CB)
OPERATES
AND 3PH TRIP GR-A TIE CB (2-52CB)
STUB-2 (BAY 1&2) IT OPERATES THE 3PH TRIP GR-B MAIN CB (1-52CB)
OPERATES
AND 3PH TRIP GR-B TIE CB (2-52CB)
STUB PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME
LINE ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTER
LOCK WILL INITIATE MAIN-1 REL 521
& CONVERTED STUB-1 PROTECTION
86-A ABB 86-A

MTR/ REL521 MTR/
HSTR STUB-1 HSTR
TRIP COIL-1 TRIP COIL-1

1-52CB 2-52CB
TRIP COIL-2 TRIP COIL-2
BUS-1 BUS-2
86
ABB
-B ABB 86-B
REL521
MTR/ REL316 MTR/
MAIN
HSTR -1 STUB-2 HSTR
LINE ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTER

LOCK WILL INITIATE MAIN-2 REL 316
& CONVERTED STUB-2 PROTECTION

TEED-1 PROTECTION
{BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2
IR5
IY5
1-CT
IB5
CORE-5 3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 5S2 5S2 5S2
CLASS: PS IN5
RADHA
P1 P1 P1
ACTIVE START TRIP
P2 P2 P2 IR5
IY5
2-CT
IB5
CORE-5
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S4
DISPLAY
5S2 5S2 5S2
CLASS: PS IN5
C
P1 P1 P1
P2 P2 P2 E
1-LCT
CORE-1 IN1
3 3 3
1S4 1S4 1S4
CTR: 2000-1000/1A TEED-1 PROTECTION FOR BAY 2&3 IS
1S1 1S1 1S1
CLASS: PS ALSO SAME AS ABOVE AND THE
IB1 FOLLOWING CTs & CORES ARE USED
IY1 3-CT(CORE-5), 2-CT(CORE-1) &
IR1
3-TCT(CORE-1) ARE STARRED AND
P1 P1 P1
CONNECTED TO TEED-1 PROTECTION
TEED-2 PROTECTION
{BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
LBB/BFR
CT MB P2 P2 P2
RAICA
LBB/BFR
1-CT
RAICA
CORE-4 3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S4
4S4 4S4 4S4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
4S2 4S2 4S2
RADSB 4S23 3 3
4S2 4S2
ACTIVE START TRIP
2-CT
CORE-4
DISPLAY CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
P2 P2 P2 CT MB CLASS: PS
TEED-2 PROTECTION
1-LCT
C FOR BAY 2&3 IS ALSO
CORE-2 SAME AS ABOVE AND
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
3 3 3
2S3 2S3 2S3
2S2 2S2 2S2 THE FOLLOWING CTs

CLASS: PS
& CORES ARE USED
3-CT(CORE-4),
E 2-CT(CORE-2) &
3-TCT(CORE-2) ARE
CONNECTED TO
TEED-2 PROTECTION
TEED-1/ TEED-2 PROTECTION
BUS-1 1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB
3
BUS-2
TEED-1&2
3 3 TEED-1&2
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 2&3)
LINE-1 AT/F-1
TEED PROTECTION IS BASED ON KIRCHOFF’S CURRENT LAW. THREE SETS OF CTS
ARE CONNECTED IN STAR FASHION. SOME OF THE CURRENTS MUST BE ZERO. IF ANY
UNBALANCE CURRENTS ARE NOTICED THEN IMMEDIATELY TEED PROTECTION
OPERATES. IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 1&2 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 1-52CB & 2-52CB.
SIMILARLY IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 2&3 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 2-52CB & 3-52CB.
SUMMATION OF INDIVIDUAL PHASES OF T-SHAPED
3 CTs BEFORE REACHING TO RELAY. THE CURRENT
TEED-1 FLOWING THROUGH IN 3-PHASES AFTER SUMMATION
IS ZERO DURING BALANCED CONDITION.
PROTECTION HIGH IMPENDENCE THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY IS USED AS TEED-1 PROTECTION.
T- SHAPED 3 CTs ARE CONNECTED TO RELAY. THE
RELAY HAVING OPERATING COIL & RESTAIRING
COIL. BASED ON THE DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
TEED-2 FLOWING THROUGH THE OPERATING COIL THE
RELAY OPERATES.
PROTECTION LOW IMPEDENCE PERCENTAGE BIASED THREE
TERMINAL THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS
USED AS TEED-2 PROTECTION.
TEED PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME
86-A ABB 86-A ABB 86-A

MTR/ RADHA MTR/ RADHA MTR/
HSTR TEED-1 HSTR TEED-1 HSTR

1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB
BUS-1 BUS-2
86
ABB
-B ABB 86-B ABB 86-B
REL521
MTR/ RADSB MTR/ RADSB MTR/
MAIN
HSTR -1 TEED-2 HSTR TEED-2 HSTR

BASICS OF LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION
A PROTECTION WHICH IS DESIGNED TO CLEAR A SYSTEM
FAULTY BY INITIATING TRIPPING OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKER(S) IN
THE CASE OF FAILURE TO TRIP OF THE APPROPRIATE CIRCUIT
BREAKER.
IN MODERN NETWORKS THE CRITICAL FAULT CLEARING
TIME MAY BE LESS THAN 200ms. HENCE, IF THE FAULT IS NOT
CLEARED DUE TO FAILURE OF THE PRIMARY PROTECTIVE RELAYS
OR THEIR ASSOCIATED CIRCUIT BREAKER, A FAST ACTING BACK-
UP PROTECTIVE RELAY MUST CLEAR THE FAULT.
THERE ARE TWO BASIC FORMS.
REMOTE BACK-UP.
LOCAL BACK-UP.
REMOTE BACK-UP
PROVIDES BACK-UP PROTECTION FOR THE BOTH THE
RELAYS (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) AND BREAKERS AT REMOTE
SUBSTATION.
LOCAL BACK-UP
LOCAL BACK-UP PROTECTION CAN BE DEVIDED INTO TWO
CATAGORIES.
RELAY BACK-UP
BREAKER BACK-UP
RELAY BACK-UP
z DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION. i.e ONE IS NON SWITCHED
DISTANCE PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS SWITCHED DISTANCE
SCHEME OR OTHER WISE BOTH SCHEMES CHARECTERSTICS ARE
DIFFERENT (QUADRALATERAL, MHO CIRCULAR, TAMOTO & OPTICAL )
OR DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS(ABB, ALSTOM, SIEMENS, EASUN
REYROLL, SEL, GE, NXT PHASE OR BASLER) OR DIFFERENT METHODS (i.e
ELECTROMECHANICAL, STATIC, NUMERICAL{MICROPROCESSOR &DSP}).
IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS BOTH SHOULD BE
SEPARATE CHARECTERESTICS AND SEPARATE MODELS AND ALL
FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH
RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS
TO INCREASE THE SECURITY, THE CIRCUIT BREAKER HAS TWO
TRIP COILS, ONE IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION AND ANOTHER
IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION.
BREAKER BACK-UP
BECAUSE OF THE HIGH COST OF HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
BREAKERS, IT IS NOT FEASIBLE TO DUPLICATE THEM.
IN CASE OF A BREAKER FAILURE THE OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKERS
CONNECTED TO THE SAME BUS AS THE FAULTED BREAKER MUST THERE
FORE BE TRIPPED.
LBB/BFR FLOW CHART
MAIN RESET
TRIP
PROTECTION YES FAULT YES BREAKER
MAIN
OPERATED CLEARED FAILURE
BREAKER
SCHEME
NO
YES WAIT FOR

INITIATE FAULT AND
BFR CLEARENCE
TRIP
BACK-UP
BREAKERS
LBB/BFR TIME CO-ORDINATION CHART
FAULT OCCURS
NORMAL CLEARING TIME

NORMAL
CLEARING
PROTECTIVE RELAY RESETTING TIME OF THE
FOR EX: DISTANCE RELAY CURRENT MEASURING UNITS
BREAKER
INTURUPTING TIME MARGIN
~30ms ~60ms <12ms
SET TIME OF THE TIME MEASURING UNIT TRIPPING BACK-UP BREAKER MARGIN
RELAY INTERUPTING TIME
TIME
BREAKER FAILURE RELAY START

INOPERATIVE
BREAKER
TOTAL CLEARING TIME OF THE BREAKER FAILURE RELAY
MAXIMUM FAULT CLEARING TIME BEFORE SYSTEM INSTABILITY

LBB/BFR LOGIC LED
A/D
CURRENT INPUTS (PHASE START)
CONVERTER
PHASE CURRENT SET POINT ALARM RELAY
PHASE L1
~ I > ISET &
(PHASE START)
PHASE L2/E
>1
PHASE L3 I > ISET &
||| ALARM RELAY
EARTH CURRENT SET POINT
(EARTH START)
OUT PUT OF DISTANCE RELAY OR
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT RELAY LED
(EARTH START)
BINARY INPUT
CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE INITIATE
TIMING/OUTPUT TRIP T1
TIME STAGE T1 RELAY
STAGE
LED
&
0 1
ALARM T1
TIME STAGE T2 & RELAY
SWITCHED OFF
>1 TRIP T2
TIME STAGE T2
RELAY
O&
LED
0 1 LED
CB FAILURE
INITIATE
LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LINE1 AT/F-1
BUS-1 1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB BUS-2
RAICA RAICA RAICA

LBB / BFR LBB / BFR LBB / BFR
50Z 50ZT 50Z
¾ LBB/BFR IS LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY.
¾ 1No RELAY IS PROVIDED FOR EACH BREAKER.
¾ THIS IS CURRENT OPERATED RELAY.
¾ THIS RELAY IS ENERGISED WHEN MASTER TRIP RELAY(86-A OR/AND 86-B)
OPERATES AND GIVEN SIGNAL TO BREAKER FOR TRIP.
¾ IN THIS RELAY TIME DELAY IS PROVIDED.
¾ THIS RELAY OPERATES WHEN THE BREAKER IS UNDER TROUBLE/ FAILS TO
OPERATE.
¾ AFTER ENERGISED THE RELAY AND TIME DELAY COMPLETES, EVEN CURRENT
IS THERE THIS THINKS BREAKER FAIL TO OPERATE AND GIVEN SIGNAL AS PER
SCHEME DESCRIBED NEXT PRESENTATION.
1-52 CB LBB/BFR OPERATION
ABB
86-A
86-A
REL521
MAIN-1
ABB
86-B
86-B
REL316
MAIN-2
DIRECT TRIP 1&2

VIA CARRIER TO INITIALISATION
OTHER END
LBB/BFR
BUSBAR-1
TIME
PROTECTION OPTD
DELAY
AND BUSBAR-1
ISOLATED
1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB

TC-1 TC-2 TC-2 TC-1
BUS-1 BUS-2
ABB ABB
86-A
REL521 RET521
MAIN-1 MAIN-1
ABB ABB
86-B
REL316 RET316
MAIN-2 MAIN-2
DIRECT TRIP 1&2 INITIALISATION

INTER TRIP TO
VIA CARRIER LBB/BFR LVCB & TBCCB
TO OTHER END
TIME
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY DELAY TO 86-B TRIP RELAY
OF LINE CB(1-52CB) OF AT/F(ICT) CB
(3-52CB)
1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB

TC-1 TC-2
BUS-1 BUS-2
ABB
86-A
86-A
RET521
MAIN-1
ABB
86-B
86-B
RET316
MAIN-2
INITIALISATION INTER TRIP TO

LV CB & TBC CB
LBB/BFR
BUSBAR-2
TIME
PROTECTION OPTD
DELAY
AND BUSBAR-2
ISOLATED
1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB

TC-1 TC-2 TC-2 TC-1
BUS-1 BUS-2
AUTO RECLOSURE BASICS
¾ FAULTS ARE THREE TYPES
1. TRANSIENT FAULT: These are cleared by the immediate tripping of
Circuit Breakers and do not reoccur when the line is re-energized.
2. SEMI-PERMANENT FAULTS: These require a time interval to disappear
before a line is charged again.
3. PERMANENT FAULTS: These are to be located and repaired before the
line is re-energized.
¾ About 80-90% of the faults occurring are transient in nature. Hence the Automatic
Reclosure of breaker (after tripping on Fault) will result in the line being
successfully re-energized.
¾ ADVANTAGES:
A. Decreasing outage time.
B. Improving Reliability.
C. Improving system stability.
D. Reduce fault damage and Maintenance Time.
¾ DEAD TIME: The time between the Auto-reclosing Scheme being energized and
the operation of the contacts which energize the Circuit Breaker closing
circuit.
¾ RECLAIM TIME: The Time Following a successful closing operation measured
from the instant the Auto-Reclosing relay closing contacts make which
must elapse before the Auto-Reclosing relay initiates another reclosing
attempt. In other words, it may be said to be the time between 1st and 2nd
Auto-Reclosure.
¾ TYPES OF AUTO-RECLOSING SCHEMES:
1. BASED ON PHASE
A. THREE PHASE AUTO-RECLOSING: This type of Auto-Reclosing causes an
immediate drift part of the two systems and hence no interchange of synchronizing
power can take place during the dead time.
B. SINGLE PHASE AUTO-RECLOSING: In this, only the faulty phase(only SLG Faults) is
reclosed without causing interruption in interchange synchronizing power between two
systems through other two healthy phases.
2. BASED ON ATTEMPTS OF RECLOSURE
A. SINGLE SHOT AUTO-RECLOSING: In this scheme, Breaker is reclosed only once on
a given fault before lockout of Circuit Breaker Occurs. High-Speed Auto-Reclosing for
EHT System is invariably Single Shot.
B. MULTI-SHOT AUTO-RECLOSING: In this scheme, more than one reclosing attempts
made for a given fault before lockout of Circuit Breaker occurs.
B.I. DISADVANTAGES: Repeated closure attempts has with high fault level would
seriously affect the Circuit Breaker, Equipment and System Stability.
B.ii. CIRCUIT BREAKER LIMITATIONS: Ability of Circuit Breaker to Perform several Trip
Close operations in quick succession.
B. iii. SYSTEM CONDITIONS: In the percentage of the semi-Permanent faults (which
could be burnt out) is moderate, For example on the lines through the forest, multi
shot Auto-Reclosing is followed.
3. DEPENDING ON SPEED:
A. HIGH-SPEED AUTO-RECLOSING: This aids in fast restoration of supply but should
be done by taking into account the following factors.
I. System disturbance time can be tolerated without loss of system stability.
ii. Characteristics of Protection Schemes and Circuit Breaker.
B. LOW SPEED OR DELAYED AUTO RECLOSING: This is suitable for highly inter-
connected systems where the loss of a single line is unlikely to cause two sections
of the system to drift apart and loose synchronism.
¾ METHOD OF ADOPTION IN ONE AND HALF BREAKER SYSTEM:
The Auto-Reclosure Functions used for the Bus Breakers 1-52CB & 3-52CB are set
as Masters and one for the Center Breaker 2-52CB(TIE) as Follower. Co-ordination
is required between the Auto-Reclosure Functions. A Synchrocheck function is
also loaded in each Relay to permit 3 pole Auto-Reclosing.
Each Line Protection relays starts both MAIN & TIE Circuit Breakers to trip for the
Concerned line. After a Successful reclosure of the Main Breaker, The Tie Breaker
will be reclosed after a supplementary time delay. Should the Main CB Auto-
Reclosure relay not be successful in its reclosing attempts, the Tie CB Auto-
Reclosure is blocked. If the Main CB is Open or its Auto-Reclosure Relay is not
ready or Out of service, The TIE CB Auto-Reclosure will reclose The TIE Breaker
after its own dead time without any supplementary time delay.
¾ CHOICES OF EHV SYSTEM:
1. CHOICE OF DEAD TIME:
A. Lower limit is decided by deionising of Circuit Breaker.
B. Upper Limit is decided by Transient Stability and Synchronism.
C. Longer Transmission Lines Require Longer dead Time.
D. The dead time for High Speed Auto-Reclosing scheme with EHV System is 0.3 to
1.2 sec.
2. CHOICE OF RECLAIM TIME:
This should not be set to such a low value that the operating cycle of Breaker is
exceeded when two faults incident occurs close together. The reclaim time will be
in the range of 10 to 30 sec., depending the breaker opening and closing
mechanisms.
3. CHOICE OF ZONE:
This should normally kept in Zone-1. It is a Zone-1 fault and SLG fault only auto-
reclosure is comes in to picture. In other zones the auto reclosure is blocked.
AUTO-RECLOSURE FOR
ONE & HALF BREAKER SCHEME
TRIP COMMANDS
AUTO RECLOSURE
COMMANDS
79 (A/R)+ 79 (A/R)+ 79 (A/R)+

25(SYNC) 25(SYNC) 25(SYNC)
RAAAM RAAAM RAAAM
RASC RASC RASC
1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB
21 L1 21 L2 21 L1 21 L2
MAIN-
MAIN-1 LINE-1 MAIN-
MAIN-2 MAIN-
MAIN-1
LINE-2 MAIN-
MAIN-2
REL 521 REL 316 REL 521 REL 316
INSTANT OF FAULT
AUTO RECLOSING TIMING CHART
OPERATES RESETS
PROTECTION
OPERATING
TRANSIENT FAULT
TIME
TRIP COIL CONTACTS ARC CONTACTS CLOSING COIL CONTACTS CONTACTS

ENERGISED SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN ENERGISED MAKE FULLY CLOSED
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
OPENING ARCING CLOSING
TIME TIME TIME
OPERATING TIME DEAD TIME
OPERATES RESETS OPERATES RESETS
PROTECTION
RECLOSE
OPERATING ON TO FAULT
PERMANENT FAULT
TIME
TRIP COIL CONTACTS ARC CONTACTS CLOSING COIL CONTACTS CONTACTS CONTACTS ARC CONTACTS
ENERGISED SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN ENERGISED MAKE FULLY CLOSED SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
OPENING ARCING CLOSING
TIME TIME TIME TRIP COIL
OPERATING TIME DEAD TIME ENERGISED
SYSTEM DISTURBANCE TIME
RECLOSE INITIATED
BY PROTECTION RELAY READY TO RESPOND
TO FURTHER FAULT INCIDENTS
AUTO RECLOSE (AFTER SUCEESFUL RECLOSRE)
RELAY
DEAD TIME CLOSING PULSE TIME
RECLAIM TIME
TIME
CARRIER
INTERTRIPPING
SCHEMES
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL
1- TX 1- TX
C C
TRIP TRIP
NSD 50/ S
A(C)
S
C(A)
ALARM-1
5 2+ 2+
250V DC
NSD 70
ACTIVE START TRIP 5- RX 5- RX
6 C C
TRIP TRIP
R R
6+ A(C) 6+ C(A)
DISPLAY
9- TX 9- TX
C C
S TRIP TRIP
S
ALARM-2
C 7 B(D) D(B)
250V DC
10+ 10+
8 13- 13-
C RX C
RX
E R TRIP R TRIP
14+ B(D) 14+ D(B)
G4AA TB: V9LB G4AC TB: V9LC GA4D TB:V9LC

PROTECTION COUPLERS FOR 400KV LINE
¾ FOR EACH LINE 2Nos PROTECTION COUPLER PANELS PROVIDED.
¾ FOR EACH LINE 1NO CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PROVIDED.
¾ SO, 1 LINE REQUIRES TOTAL 3 PANELS.
¾ CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PURELY FOR VOICE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
TWO SUBSTATIONS, i.e THE LINE CONNECTED SUBSTATIONS.
¾ THE VOICE COMMUNICATION ARE TWO METHODS PROVIDED.
¾ ONE IS HOTLINE COMMUNICATION/DEDICATED/ LIFT&TALK METHOD.
¾ ANOTHER IS DIAL METHOD.
¾ IN PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1 TOTAL 3 CARDS ARE IMPORTANT FOR
SENDING & RECEIVING TRIP SIGNALS.
¾ ONE CARD FOR ALARM i.e G4AA. ONE CARD FOR PERMISSIVE/PROTECTION
TRIP i.e G4AC & ANOTHER CARD FOR DIRECT TRIPS i.e G4AD.
¾ IN PROTECTION COUPLER-2 PANEL ALSO 3 CARDS ARE PROVIDED SIMILAR TO
PROTECTION COUPLER-1 PANEL.
¾ THE PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL DRAWING IS SHOWN IN PREVIOUS MENU.
¾ 1SET TX & RX FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP(G4AC)
¾ 1SET TX & RX FOR BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION IN ANOTHER
PANEL(G4AC).
¾ 1SET TX & RX FOR DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1( G4AD).
¾ 1SET TX & RX FOR SPARE UNDER EMERGENCY(G4AD).
¾ THE ABOVE ARRANGEMENT SIMILAR FOR PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-2.
¾ G4AA CARD FOR ALARM.
MAIN-1 PROTECTION CARRIER INTER TRIPPING
NSD 50
G4AC V9LC 1
G4AC V9LC 6 ABB REL521
IN OUT
CR
CARRIER RECEIVE
G4AC V9LC 5 -VE
CS
G4AC V9LC 2 CARRIER SEND
G4AA V9LB 5
ABB
G4AA V9LB 6 ALARM
PANEL-1
+VE -VE
NSD 50
G4AC V9LC 10
G4AC V9LC 13
THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP
G4AC V9LC 14 AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL
G4AC V9LC 9
ABB
PANEL-2
MAIN-2 PROTECTION CARRIER INTER TRIPPING
NSD 50
G4AC V9LC 1
G4AC V9LC 6 ABB REL316
IN OUT
CR
CARRIER RECEIVE
G4AC V9LC 5 -VE
CS
G4AC V9LC 2 CARRIER SEND
G4AA V9LB 5
ABB
G4AA V9LB 6 ALARM
PANEL-2
+VE -VE
NSD 50
G4AC V9LC 10
G4AC V9LC 13
THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP
G4AC V9LC 14 AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL
G4AC V9LC 9
ABB
PANEL-1
DIRECT TRIP SEND CARRIER CHANNEL-1
BUSBAR PROT-2 PANEL
BUSBAR TRIP (ZONE-2)
BUSBAR PROT-1 PANEL PANEL-1

ABB
CONTROL PANEL NSD 50
TIE CB (2-52 CB)
T NC
DC +VE
FROM PANEL
R Y B
MAIN CB(1-52CB)
MAIN CB (1-52 CB)
T NC
G4AD V9LC 2
R Y B
TIE CB(2-52CB)
G4AD V9LC 1
50 LBB/BFR FOR MAIN CB
RAICA
DC –VE FROM PANEL
59L1
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1
59L2
50 LBB/BFR FOR TIE CB
RAICA
DIRECT TRIP SEND CARRIER CHANNEL-2
BUSBAR PROT-2 PANEL
BUSBAR PROT-1 PANEL PANEL-2

ABB
CONTROL PANEL NSD 50
TIE CB (2-52 CB)
T NC
DC +VE
FROM PANEL
R Y B
MAIN CB(1-52CB)
MAIN CB (1-52 CB)
T NC
G4AD V9LC 2
R Y B
TIE CB(2-52CB)
G4AD V9LC 1
50 LBB/BFR FOR MAIN CB
RAICA
DC –VE FROM PANEL
59L1
59L2
50 LBB/BFR FOR TIE CB
RAICA
DIRECT TRIP RECEIVE CHANNEL-1&2
PANEL-1
ABB TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY
NSD 50 (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR
MAIN CB(152CB)
DC +VE TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY
(HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR
G4AD V9LC 6 TIE CB(252CB)
DIRECT TRIP-1
CARRIER RECEIVE
G4AD V9LC 5 RELAY
+VE -VE
PANEL-2
ABB TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY
NSD 50
MAIN CB(152CB)
DC +VE TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY
G4AD V9LC 6 TIE CB(252CB)
DIRECT TRIP-2
G4AD V9LC 5 CARRIER RECEIVE
RELAY
PLCC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM
(TELEPROTECTION)
ABB Network Partner AG REL531 ABB Network Partner AG REL531
REL 521
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
C C
E E
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
NSD 50 NSD 50
PANEL PANEL
PLCC PLCC
PANEL ELECTRICAL POWER LINE PANEL
NSD 50 NSD 50
PANEL PANEL
ABB Network Partner AG REC 316*4 ABB Network Partner AG REC 316*4
1 9 1 9
2 10 2 10
3
4
5
6
7
8
11
12
13
14
15
16
REL 316 3
4
5
6
7
8
11
12
13
14
15
16
MAIN-2
C
PROTECTION C
E E
FIBRE OPTIC PROTECTION SYSTEM
(TELEPROTECTION)
REL 521
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
C C
E E
NSD 70 NSD 70
PANEL PANEL
FOX-U FOX-U
GECOD/ SIFOX
GECOD/ SIFOX
TUNOS
TUNOS
FOX-515 FOX-515
NSD 70 NSD 70
PANEL PANEL
1 9 1 9
2 10 2 10
3
4
5
6
7
8
11
12
13
14
15
16
REL 316 3
4
5
6
7
8
11
12
13
14
15
16
MAIN-2
C
PROTECTION C
E E
FIBRE OPTIC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM
(TELEPROTECTION)
DIGITAL RELAY CONNECTION VIA FIBRE OPTIC
REL 521
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
C C
E E
FOX-U FOX-U
OTERM
OTERM
TUNOS
TUNOS
FOX-515 FOX-515
1 9 1 9
2 10 2 10
3
4
5
6
7
8
11
12
13
14
15
16
REL 316 3
4
5
6
7
8
11
12
13
14
15
16
MAIN-2
C
PROTECTION C
E E
MAIN-1 & MAIN-2
PROTECTION FOR
AUTO TRANSFORMER
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
1. PURPOSE OF POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
POWER T/F PROTECTION IS USUALLY INSTALLED TO DISCONNECT THE T/F AT:
A. INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS AND EARTH FAULTS IN THE T/F AND ITS CONNECTED
CIRCUITS.
B. EXTERNAL FAULTS ON OTHER CIRCUITS. (BACK-UP PROTECTION)
C. ABNORMAL SERVICE CONDITIONS SUCH AS OVERLOAD & OVER VOLTAGE.
2. PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON POWER T/F
A. OIL IMMERSED POWER T/F USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE.
DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR
DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS.
B. LOAD TAPCHANGER COMPARTMENTS MAY HAVE A SIMILAR OVER PRESSURE
DEVICE.
C. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD
PROTECTION.
D. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE T/F FROM HIGH
PRESURES.
3. TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS WITH
IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR T/F.
THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF PROTECTION IS THE CURRENT RESTRAINT TYPE.
SOME TYPE OF DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS REQUIRE INTERPOSING CTs FOR CT RATIO
MATCHING AND/OR PHASE SHIFT.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION CAN BE USED ON AUTO T/F & REACTORS.
IT COVERS ONE GALVANICALLY INTERCONNECTED WINDING (WDG DIFF). BUT NOT A
SEPARATE TERTIARY WINDING.
IT REQUIRES A THREE PHASE SET OF CTs AT THE NEUTRAL SIDE OF WINDING.
4. RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
THIS IS A HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL EARTH FAULT PROTECTION FOR ONE
WINDING OR 1-PH. IT IS SOME TIMES USED IN LOW IMPEDENCE EARTHED SYSTEMS TO
GIVE AN INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION. WHICH IS MORE SENSITIVE THAN THE
TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL ONE. TYPICAL SENSITIVITY IS 5%. THERE ARE SOME
PARTICULAR CT REQUIREMENTS, e.g. EQUAL TURNS RATIO OF THE CTs. INCASE OF T/F
HAVING EARTHED STAR WINDING ONE RELAY SUFFICIENT. T/F HAVING STAR/STAR
(BOTH EARTHED) APPLY TWO INDEPENDENT RELAYS.
5. BACK UP PROTECTION
A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE.
A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY
COMBINATION OF THESE)
B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21T).
C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>).
6. OTHER TYPES OF RELAYS
A. OVER VOLTAGE RELAY (U >).
B. OVER FLUX/ EXCITATION (V/F >)( INVERSE TIME & DIFENITE TIME).
FOR 400KV/220KV, 315 MVA & 500MVA TRANSFORMERS BOTH SIDES( i.e HV & LV) OVER
FLUX RELAYS ARE PROVIDED BECAUSE BOTH SIDES HAVING GRID.
NORMALLY ADOPTED POWER TRANSFORMERS CAPACITIES IN

400KV / 220KV
CAPACITY OF HV HV LV LV
TRANSFORMER VOLTAGE CURRENT VOLTAGE CURRENT
315 MVA 400 KV 454.68 A 220 KV 0826.68 A
500 MVA 400 KV 721.71 A 220 KV 1312.20 A
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO
FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS & AUTO TRANSFORMERS
BACK UP
S.No
CAPA VOLTAGE MAIN PROTECTION ADDITIONAL SPECIAL
CITY RATIO PROTECTION
HV LV
PROTECTION PROTECTION
BUCHHOLZ,
7.5 MVA 3 OL + 3 OL + OLTC OSR
1 16 MVA
132KV/11KV OIL TEMP
1 DIR EL 1 EL
WDNG TEMP
16 MVA
3 OL + 3 OL + – NIL –
2 31.5 MVA 132KV/33KV
50 MVA 1 DIR EL 1 EL
DIFFERENTIAL
31.5 MVA 3 OL + 3 OL + BUCHHOLZ
3 50 MVA
220KV/33KV RELAY OVER FLUX
1 DIR EL 1 EL
OLTC OSR
3 OL + 3 OL +
4 100 MVA 220KV/132KV PRV/PRD
1 DIR EL 1 DIR EL
OIL TEMP
3 DIR OL 3 DIR OL WDNG TEMP REF RELAY,
315 MVA (HIGHSET) + (HIGHSET) + OVER LOAD
5 500 MVA
400KV/220KV ALARM
1 DIR EL 1 DIR EL
(HIGHSET) (HIGHSET) RELAY
MAIN-1/ DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR AT/F
(4 CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CT MB
0.91 / 0.577A
AUX.CT Y/
3-CT
0.689 / 0.577A
CORE-5 3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
RET 521/ 5S1 5S1 5S1
AUX.CT Y/
CLASS: PS
5S3 5S3 5S3
RET 316 3 3 3
5S3 5S3 5S3
RADSB
ACTIVE START TRIP
P2 P2 P2
LV-CT
CORE-5
DISPLAY CTR: 1200-800/1A
CT MB CLASS: PS
2-ACT NORMALLY LOW

CORE-5
C IMPEDENCE BIASED
0.91 / 0.577A
3 3 3
5S3 5S3 5S3 DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
AUX.CT Y/
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
5S4 5S4 5S4
IS USED FOR
TRANSFORMER
DIFFERENTIAL
E PROTECTION
P2 P2 P2
MAIN-1/ DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR AT/F
(5 CT METHOD)
CT MB
0.689 / 0.577A
P2 P2 P2 CT MB RET 521/ 5S1 5S1 5S1
AUX.CT Y/
3 3 3
0.91 / 0.577A
RET 316 5S3 5S3 5S3
AUX.CT Y/
3-TCT RADSB
CORE-5 3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S4
ACTIVE START TRIP
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 5S3 5S3 5S3
P2 P2 P2
CLASS: PS
LV-CT
CORE-5
DISPLAY CTR: 1200-800/1A
CLASS: PS
E
SELECTION OF AUX.CTs FOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
¾ NORMALLY 400KV/220KV AUTO TRANSFORMERS ARE OF CAPACITY 315MVA.
¾ FOR MERZ PRICE PROTECTION IF TRANSFORMER IS CONNECTED IN STAR/STAR
THEN CT SECONDARIES ARE TO BE CONNECTED IN DELTA/DELTA.
¾ CORRECT RATIO CTs ARE NOT AVAILABLE, THEN AUX.CTs ARE TO BE PROVIDED
FOR ACHEVING SUITABLE CURRENTS.
¾ IF AUX CTs ARE USING THEN MAIN CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN STAR.
¾ THIS IS BROUGHT TO AUX CTs. AUX CTs PRIMARY IS CONNECTED IN STAR &
SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA.
¾ NORMALLY THE RELAY RATED CURRRENT IS 1A.
¾ AUX.CT s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA. FOR ACHIEVING 1A TO
RELAY, AUX.CT SECONDARY CURRENT IS TO BE 0.577A.
¾ THE FULL LOAD PRIMARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 454.7A.
¾ BUT THE 400KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE : 2000-1000-500/1A
¾ NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 500/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTED.
¾ HENCE AT FULL LOAD HV CURRENT i.e 454.7A, THEN SECONDARY OF CT
CURRENT WILL BE 0.91A.
¾ SO HV SIDE AUX.CT RATIO IS 0.91/0.577A.
¾ THE FULL LOAD SECONDARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 826.7A.
¾ BUT THE 220KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE: 1200-800/1A.
¾ NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 1200/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTED.
¾ HENCE AT FULL LOAD LV CURRENT i.e 826.7A,THEN SECONDARY OF CT CURRENT
WILL BE 0.689A.
¾ SO LV SIDE AUX CT RATIO IS 0.689/0.577A.
¾ SPECIAL INFORMATION: LATEST NUMERICAL RELAYS NEED NOT REQUIRE AUX
CTs. IN THESE RELAYS, CT RATIOS MATCHING CAN BE PROGRAMMED.
MAIN-2/ BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F HV
(4 CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431 VR11 / E111
3-CT RAICA IB4 / C451
VY11 / E131
CORE-4 3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S4
LBB / BFR RAPDK
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 4S3
4S3 4S3 IN4 / C471 DIR O/L & E/F VB11 / E151
CLASS: PS 50Z
REL 505 VN11 / E171
ACTIVE START TRIP
3 3 3
3 3 3
E172
E174 CVT
DISPLAY SELECTION
CT MB BUS-1 CVT /
BUS-2 CVT /
2-ACT LINE CVT
CORE-4
C CORE-1
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
4S3 4S3 4S3
VA : 200
CLASS: PS
4S4 4S4 4S4 IB4 / C451 CLASS: 3P
IY4 / C431
IR4 / C411
E
P2 P2 P2
MAIN-2/ BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F HV
(5 CT METHOD)
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
RAPDK
DIR O/L & E/F VB11 / E151
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR4 / C411 REL 505 VN11 / E171
ACTIVE START TRIP
IY4 / C431 3 3 3
3-TCT
IB4 / C451
CORE-4 3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S4
3 3 3
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A 4S3 4S3 4S3
IN4 / C471 E172
CLASS: PS E174 CVT
DISPLAY SELECTION
BUS-1 CVT /
BUS-2 CVT /
LINE CVT
C CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
E
MAIN-2/ BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F LV
P1 P1 P1 CT MB
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431 VR11 / E111
LV-CT RAICA IB4 / C451
VY11 / E131
CORE-4 3 3 3
CTR: 1200 – 800 /1A
4S2 4S2 4S2
4S1
LBB / BFR RAPDK
4S1 4S1 IN4 / C471 VB11 / E151
CLASS: PS 50Z DIR O/L & E/F
REL 505 VN11 / E171
ACTIVE START TRIP
P2 P2 P2 3 3 3
3 3 3
E172
E174 VOLTAGE
DISPLAY
SELECTION
BUS-1 PT /
BUS-2 PT
C CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
E
MISCELLENEOUS
RELAYS & PROTECTIONS
ADOPTED FOR
AUTO TRANSFORMER IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
(OVER FLUX & REF FUNCTIONS)
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
OVER EXCITATION/FLUX RELAY
{FOR AUTO TRANSFORMER HV & LV}
VOLTAGE
SELECTION
BUS-1 PT /
RATUB
BUS-2 PT
V/F RELAY CORE-1

VA : 200
HV CLASS: 3P
CVT SELECTION
BUS-1 CVT / RATUB
BUS-2 CVT /
LINE CVT V/F RELAY
CORE-1 LV
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
P2 P2 P2
400KV HV FOR RESTRICTED

RADHD
BUSHING CT 3 3 3 EARTH FAULT
ACTIVE START TRIP
CORE-1 PROTECTION
CTR: 1000/1A AT/F BUSHING CTs
CLASS: PS SECONDARIES ARE
P1 P1 P1
DISPLAY CONNECTED IN
P1 P1 P1 PARALLEL & TO
NEUTRAL C RELAY.
BUSHING CT 3 3 3 (SINGLE PHASE
HIGH IMPEDENCE
CORE-1 E
CTR: 1000/ 1A
DIFFERENTIAL
CLASS: PS
RELAY IS USED)
P2 P2 P2
P1 P1 P1
220KV LV
BUSHING CT
3 3 3
CORE-1
CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
315MVA, 400KV/220KV AT/F VOLAGE SELECTION
BUS-1 1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB BUS-2
LINE1
AT/F-1
FEEDER HAVING LINE CVTs &BUSES ARE HAVING BUS CVTs BUT AT/Fs ARE
NOT HAVING CVTs. FOR TRANSFORMER PANEL, PT SUPPLY IS SELECTED AS
PER SELECTION DESCRIBED BELOW FOR METERING AND PROTECTION,
WHICH IS FIRST SELECTED .
If AT/F is feeding from Bus-1 and 1-52CB & 2-52CB is closed. Then
BUS-1 Bus-1 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to Control &
CVT Relay Panels for Auto Transformer.
If AT/F is feeding from Bus-2 and 3-52 CB is closed & 2-52CB is

BUS-2 open. Then Bus-2 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to
CVT Control & Relay Panels for Auto Transformer.
If AT/F is feeding from Direct Line and 2-52CB is closed & 1-52 CB
LINE & 3-52 CB is open and 389T ISO is Closed . Then line CVT is
CVT selected and this supply is extended to Control & Relay Panels for
Auto Transformer.
MAIN-1 & MAIN-2
PROTECTION FOR
SHUNT REACTOR
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF SHUNT REACTOR
1. TYPES OF REACTORS :
A. BASED ON REACTOR CONNECTION
i. SHUNT REACTOR.
ii. SERIES REACTOR.
B. BASED ON REACTOR LOCATION
i. BUS REACTOR
ii. LINE REACTOR
C. BASED ON CONTROL
i. 3-PH OIL IMMERSED REACTOR WITH GAPPED IRON CORE.
ii. THYRISTOR CONTROLLED REACTOR (STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR)
(APTRANSCO UTILISING SHUNT REACTORS FOR BUS & LINE IN 400KV NETWORK)
2. NEED OF SHUNT REACTOR:
A. LINE REACTOR
SHUNT REACTORS ARE USED IN ORDER TO COMPENSATE FOR THE CAPACITIVE
SHUNT REACTANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES. THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED
PARALLEL TO THE LINE. THE LOCATION OF REACTOR IS OUT GOING SIDE OF LINE i.e
AFTER CIRCUIT BREAKER. LENGTH OF LINE IS MORE THERE MAY BE VOLTAGE IS
RAISING DUE TO FARANTI EFFECT(CAPACITANCE ) DURING CHARGING. IN CASE OF
ZONE-2 (OPEN JUMPER) FAULT, THE FAULT CLEARED BY REMOTE END IS FAST, BUT
THIS END IT WILL TAKE TIME DELAY DUE TO ZONE-2. DURING THIS TIME, VOLTAGE
MAY RAISING. SO, LINE REACTOR IS USED FOR CONTROLLING THE SWITCHING OVER
VOLTAGES AND SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT. NORMALLY IT IS ALWAYS
IN SERVICE. NORMALLY BOTH ENDS LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED. THE
ELECTRICAL INTERLOCK IS PROVIDED THAT IF REACTOR ISOLATOR CLOSSED
POSITION ONLY WILL GIVE PERMIT TO CLOSE THE LINE ISOLATOR. SIMILARLY FOR
OPENING REACTOR ISOLATOR THE LINE ISOLATOR SHOULD BE IN OPEN POSITION.
B. BUS REACTOR
THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED PARALLEL TO THE BUS i.e LIKE A FEEDER/LINE.
DURING LIGHTLY LOADED CONDITIONS THERE MAY BE POSSIBULITY OF RAISING
BUS VOLTAGES. FOR SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT BUS REACTORS
ARE UTILISING. NORMALLY IT IS NOT IN SERVICE. WHENEVER THE VOLTAGE
RAISES TO 4%TO 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT IN
SERVICE AND 2% TO 3% LESS THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT OUT
OF SERVICE.
3. SELECTION OF REACTOR
A. LINE REACTOR
NORMALLY LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE LINE IS MORE OR EQUAL TO
250KM. IN APTRANSCO NETWORK MAXIMUM LENTH OF LINE IS 350KM. AS PER
SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS IF LINE LENGTH IS 250KM TO 300KM 50MVAR
REACTOR IS TO BE USED. IF MORE THAN 300KM 63MVAR REACTOR IS TO BE
USED.
B. BUS REACTOR
NORMALLY BUS REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE SUBSTATION BUS VOLTAGE IS
RAISING 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE DURING LIGHTLY LOADED
CONDITION. BASED ON THE SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS BUS REACTORS
ARE TO BE PROVIDED. CALCULATIONS ARE REQUIRED FOR PROVIDING BUS
REACTOR. IN THIS THERE IS NO STANDARDISATION.
4. LOCATION OF REACTORS WITH CAPACITY IN APTRANSCO
A. LINE REACTOR
1. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 1 AT BOTH ENDS – 63MVAR
2. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 2 AT BOTH ENDS – 63MVAR
B. BUS REACTOR
1. 400KV KALAPAKA SS – 2 X 50 MVAR
2. 400KV NUNNA SS(PGCIL BAYS) – 1 x 63 MVAR
5. PURPOSE OF SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
THE PURPOSE OF THE PROTECTION RELAYING IS TO DISCONNECT THE REACTOR AND
LIMIT DAMAGE IN CASE OF INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS, EARTH FAULTS, INTERTURN
FAULTS AND OVER VOLTAGE OR OVER LOAD.THE REACTOR FORMS CERTAIN
IMPEDENCE FOR RATED FREQUENCY, AND AS IT IS SHUNT CONNECTED, AS OVER LOAD
MAY BE CAUSED BY OVER VOLTAGE OR HARMONICS IN VOLTAGE AND CURRENT.
6. PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON REACTOR
A. OIL IMMERSED REACTOR USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE.
DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR
DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS.
B. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD
PROTECTION.
C. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE REACTOR FROM HIGH
PRESURES.
7. REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS WITH
IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR REACTOR.
IT CAN BE OF HIGH IMPEDENCE TYPE OR OF A SENSITIVE CURRENT STABILISED TYPE.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAYS REQUIRE AN EQUAL CT TURNS
RATIO ON THE PHASE AND NEUTRAL SIDE. SENSITIVITY IS 5% OF NOMINAL REACTOR CT
CURRENT.
8. BACK-UP PROTECTION
A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE.
A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY
COMBINATION OF THESE)
B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21R).
C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>).
9. RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
IF, FOR SOME REASON, A SENSITIVE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION NOT CHOOSEN A
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION CAN BE UTILISED.
SHUNT REACTOR (BUS & LINE)
(4CT’S METHOD)
BUS-1 BUS-2
IL 1-89 3-89
INTER LOCK FACILITY:
WHEN 1-89R CLOSES ONLY
PERMIT TO CLOSE 1-89L AND
1-89L OPENS ONLY
1-52CB 3-52CB
PERMIT TO OPEN 1-89R.
P2 P2
1-CT 3P1 3 3-CT
P1
1-89A 3-89A
1-89R 2-ACT 2-BCT

.
3
3
P2 P1 P1 P2
IL 2-89A 2-89B
2-52CB
LINE
UUU
SHUNT 3-89R
1-89L
REACTOR
. BUS
UUUU
SHUNT
UUU
NEUTRAL REACTOR
REACTOR
LINE 1
SHUNT REACTOR (BUS & LINE)
(5CT’S METHOD)
BUS-1 BUS-2
IL 1-89 3-89
INTER LOCK FACILITY:
WHEN 1-89R CLOSES ONLY
PERMIT TO CLOSE 1-89L AND
1-89L OPENS ONLY 1-52CB 3-52CB
PERMIT TO OPEN 1-89R.
P2 P2
1-CT 3P1 3 3-CT
P1
1-89A 3-89A
1-89R 2-CT
.
3
P2
P1 3
P1 P2
1-RCT 2-89A 2-89B
IL 2-52CB 3-89R
LINE
UUU
SHUNT P2
REACTOR
1-89L
3 3-RCT
. 3P1
P2 P1 BUS
UUUU
1-LCT SHUNT
UUU
NEUTRAL REACTOR
REACTOR
LINE 1
SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
PROTECTIONS 4 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD
LINE PROTECTION
MAIN-1 PROTECTION, AS USUAL IN 4CT METHOD AS USUAL IN 5CT METHOD
MAIN-2 PROTECTION,
METERING,
BUSBAR & BUSBAR
CHECKUP PROTECTION
LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

MAIN PROTECTION ( 87 R ) HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & NEUTRAL HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & NEUTRAL
(DIFFERENTIAL BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF LINE SHUNT BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF LINE SHUNT
PROTECTION) REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY. RELAY.
BACK UP PROTECTION(21R) HV BUSHING CT CORE-3 & SELECTED 1-RCT CORE-5 & SELECTED CVT IS
( SINGLE STEP REACTOR CVT IS CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION ) REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY. REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY.
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & NEUTRAL HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & NEUTRAL
PROTECTION (64 R ) REACTOR EARTH BUSHING CT CORE- REACTOR EARTH BUSHING CT
1.2 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS CORE-1.2 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR
CONNECTED TO 1-PH HIGH IS CONNECTED TO 1-PH HIGH
IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY(REF). RELAY(REF).
METERING NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE-1 IS NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE-1 IS
CONNECTED TO REACTOR CONNECTED TO REACTOR
METERING METERING
SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
PROTECTIONS 4 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD
BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
MAIN PROTECTION (87 R) HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & EARTH HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & EARTH
(DIFFERENTIALPROTECTION) BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF BUS SHUNT BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF BUS
REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL TO 3-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE
RELAY. DIFFERENTIAL RELAY.
BACK UP PROTECTION (21R ) 3-CT CORE-5 & 2-ACT CORE-5 3-RCT CORE-5 & SELECTED CVT IS
( SINGLE STEP REACTOR SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION ) PARALLEL & SELECTED CVT IS REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY.
CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP
REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY.
RISTRICTED EARTH FAULT HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & EARTH HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & EARTH
PROTECTION ( 64 R ) BUSHING CT CORE-2 OF BUS SHUNT BUSHING CT CORE-2 OF BUS
REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 1-PH SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL TO 1-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE
RELAY(REF). DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF).
SPECIAL PROTECTION
LINE SHUNT REACTOR STUB PROTECTION TEED-1: 1-CT, 2-CT, 1-LCT & 1-RCT
TEED-2: 1-CT, 2-CT, 1-LCT & 1-RCT
BUS SHUNT REACTOR ___ TEED-1: 3-CT, 2-CT & 3-RCT
TEED-2: 3-CT, 2-CT & 3-RCT
CVT SELECTION LINE SHUNT REACTOR: ACCORDING BUS SHUNT REACTOR:
TO ISOLATORS & BREAKERS ACCORDING TO ISOLATORS &
POSITION BUS-1/ BUS-2/ LINE CVT BREAKERS POSITION BUS-1/
WILL BE SELECTED. BUS-2 CVT WILL BE SELECTED.
REACTOR BUSHING CT CONNECTIONS
CORES LINE SHUNT REACTOR BUS SHUNT REACTOR
4 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD 4 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD
HV (400KV SIDE) BUSHING CTs
CORE-1 REACTOR HIGH REACTOR HIGH REACTOR HIGH REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY DIFFERENTIAL RELAY DIFFERENTIAL RELAY DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
CORE-2 RESTRICTED EARTH RESTRICTED EARTH RESTRICTED EARTH RESTRICTED EARTH

FAULT PROTECTION FAULT PROTECTION FAULT PROTECTION FAULT PROTECTION
CORE-3* REACTOR IMPEDENCE SPARE SPARE SPARE

PROTECTION
NEUTRAL (STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1 METERING METERING METERING METERING
CORE-2 SPARE SPARE RESTRICTED EARTH RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION FAULT PROTECTION
CORE-3 REACTOR HIGH REACTOR HIGH REACTOR HIGH REACTOR HIGH

IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY DIFFERENTIAL RELAY DIFFERENTIAL RELAY DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
NEUTRAL REACTOR (MAIN REACTOR STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs *NOTE: NORMALLY CORE-
CORE-3 IS USED FOR REACTOR
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. HERE IN 3 CASES WE ARE
NOT UTILISED THE CORE-
CORE-3 FOR REACTOR
CORE-1.1 SPARE SPARE IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. IN THESE 3 CASES
OUTDOOR CTs ARE AVAILABLE. CORE-
CORE-5 OF THESE
NEUTRAL REACTOR (EARTH POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs CTs ARE UTILISING FOR REACTOR IMPEDENCE
PROTECTION. SO, FOR REACTOR IMPEDENCE
RESTRICTED EARTH RESTRICTED EARTH PROTECTION EITHER CORE-
CORE-3 OF HV BUSHING CT OR
CORE-1.2 CORE-
FAULT PROTECTION FAULT PROTECTION CORE-5 OF EXTERNAL CT MAY BE UTILISED.
(4CT’s METHOD)
P1 .
3 . REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
3 2 1
200/ 1A
CORES
HV BUSHING
3
3
. RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION
(400KV SIDE) CTs REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION
P2 .
UUU
SELECTED
LINESHUNT BUS-
BUS-1/ BUS-
BUS-2/ LINE
REACTOR
P1 .
3
CVT VOLTAGE
200/ 1A REACTOR METERING

3 2 1
CORES
NEUTRAL BUSHING
3
(STAR PONT SIDE) 3
CTs
P2.
P1 . 3
200/ 1A CORE – 1.1
P2.
UUU
NEUTRAL REACTOR
P1
3.
200/ 1A CORE – 1.2
P2.
(5CT’s METHOD) CORE-
CORE-1: 2000-
2000-1000-
1000-500/1
500/1
P1 .
3 1-RCT
CORE-
CORE-2: 2000-
CORE-
2000-1000-
CORE-3: 2000-
CORE-
1000-500/1
2000-1000-
CORE-4: 2000-
500/1
1000-500/1
2000-1000-
1000-500/1
CORES
3 2 1
200/ 1A CORE-
CORE-5: 2000-
2000-1000-
1000-500/1
CORES
3
5 4 3 2 1 1-89R
HV BUSHING
. .
3
3
3
3
3
3
(400KV SIDE) CTs P1 P2
P2 . 1-LCT CORE-
CORE-1
LINESHUNT UUU . TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-1

REACTOR
P1 .
3
1-CT CORE-
CORE-5
1-CT
200/ 1A
3 2 1
2-CT CORE-
CORE-5 CORE-
CORE-4
CORES
NEUTRAL BUSHING
3
(STAR PONT SIDE)
CTs
3 . TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-2 2-CT
CORE-
CORE-4
P2. REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION

1-LCT
CORE-
CORE-2
P1 . 3 SELECTED
200/ 1A CORE – 1.1 BUS-
BUS-1/ BUS-
BUS-2/ LINE
P2. CVT VOLTAGE
UUU
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

NEUTRAL REACTOR
P1
3. . RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION
200/ 1A CORE – 1.2
P2. REACTOR METERING
(4CT’s METHOD)
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT

BUS-2
BUS BAR PROTECTION

3-89
3-52CB
3 P2
SELECTED
RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION

BUS-
BUS-1/ BUS-
BUS-2 3
CVT VOLTAGE
2
3 3-CT
5 4 3
CORES
REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION 3
. 3
REACTOR METERING
P1
2-52CB 3-89A
3
3
3
3
3
5 4 3 2 1 3-89R
P2 P1 2-89B
CORES
2A-CT .
.
. . UUU . .
3
3
3
3
3
3
P1 P2 3 2 1
P2 3 2 1 P1
CORES CORES
NEUTRAL BUSHING CTs HV BUSHING CTs
(STAR PONT SIDE) 200/ 1A BUS SHUNT REACTOR 200/ 1A (400KV SIDE)
BUS-2
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT

BUS BAR PROTECTION
SELECTED (5CT’s METHOD)
BUS-
BUS-1/ BUS-
BUS-2 3-89
CVT VOLTAGE
REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION

RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION
TEED-2 PROT (BAY 1&2)


3-52CB
3 P2
1
3
2
3 3-CT
3 4 5
CORES
. 3
. 3
2-52CB P1 2-CT P1
P2 3-89A
REACTOR METERING
3
3
3
3
5 4 3 2 1 3-89R
2-89B
CORES P2
1
. 3
CORES
2 3 4
3R-CT
. 3
3
. . UUU . . 3
3
3
3
3
5
3
3
P1 P2 3 2 1 P1
P2 3 2 1 P1
CORES CORES
NEUTRAL BUSHING CTs HV BUSHING CTs
(STAR PONT SIDE) 200/ 1A BUS SHUNT REACTOR 200/ 1A (400KV SIDE)
CARRIER INTERTRIPPING OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR
LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION TRIPPINGS WILL BE USED AS DIRECT TRIPPINGS OF LINE IN
ADDITION TO OTHER TRIPPINGS. BUS SHUNT REACTOR NEED NOT REQUIRE CARRIER INTER
TRIPPING FACILITY.
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
LINE PROTECTION
RADHA
ABB COUPLER PANEL-1
21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY
NSD 50
DC +VE
RAKZB FROM PANEL
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY

RADHD
REACTORS INTERNAL FAULTS
G4AD V9LC 2
GROUP-1/A TRIPPINGS
G4AD V9LC 1 DC –VE FROM PANEL
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

ABB LINE PROTECTION
RADHA
COUPLER PANEL-2
21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY
NSD 50
DC +VE
RAKZB
FROM PANEL
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
RADHD
REACTORS INTERNAL FAULTS
G4AD V9LC 2
GROUP-2/B TRIPPINGS
G4AD V9LC 1 DC –VE FROM PANEL
ADDITIONAL AND
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
(EVENT LOGGER & DISTURBANCE
RECORDER) PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
400KV SUBSTATION: MAMIDIPALLY EVENT LOGGER EVENTS INFORMATION
19 MAR 2004 13:00:00
A 13:09:37.090 # 195 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE PROT TRIP
A 13:09:37.096 # 188 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT START’Y’
A 13:09:37.097 # 187 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT START’R’
A 13:09:37.100 # 181 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT TRIP
A 13:09:37.104 # 162 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 Y-PH OPEN
A 13:09:37.110 # 196 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND
A 13:09:37.110 # 170 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 B-PH OPEN
A 13:09:37.111 # 161 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 R-PH OPEN
A 13:09:37.111 # 163 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 B-PH OPEN
A 13:09:37.111 # 169 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 Y-PH OPEN
A 13:09:37.112 # 168 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 R-PH OPEN
A 13:09:37.113 # 182 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 CARRIER SEND
A 13:09:37.126 # 199 400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-2 RECEIVED
A 13:09:37.140 # 185 400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-1 RECEIVED
N 13:09:37.147 # 195 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE PROT TRIP RESET
N 13:09:37.148 # 196 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND RESET
N 13:09:37.175 # 187 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 START ‘R’ RESET
N 13:09:37.176 # 181 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT TRIP RESET
N 13:09:37.176 # 188 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 START ‘Y’ RESET
N 13:09:37.185 # 182 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 CARRIER SEND RESET
N 13:09:37.257 # 199 400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-2 RECEIVED RESET
N 13:09:37.279 # 185 400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-1 RECEIVED RESET
19 MAR 2004 14:00:00
N 14:09:48.702 # 163 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 B-PH CLOSE
N 14:09:48.704 # 161 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 R-PH CLOSE
N 14:09:48.720 # 162 400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 Y-PH CLOSE
N 14:10:00.903 # 169 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 Y-PH CLOSE
N 14:10:00.907 # 168 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 R-PH CLOSE
N 14:10:00.907 # 170 400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 B-PH CLOSE
19 MAR 2004 15:00:00
DISTURBANCE RECORDER R PH VOLTAGE
Y PH VOLTAGE
B PH VOLTAGE
OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE
R PH CURRENT
Y PH CURRENT
B PH CURRENT
STAR/NEUTRAL CURRENT
MAIN CB R PH OPEN
MAIN CB Y PH OPEN
MAIN CB B PH OPEN
TIE CB R PH OPEN
TIE CB Y PH OPEN
TIE CB B PH OPEN
MAIN/TIE CB LBB OPTD
DIRECT TRIP CH-1/2 OPTD
BUSBAR PROT OPTD
MAIN-1 PROT OPTD
MAIN-2 PROT OPTD
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1/2 OPTD
STUB PROT-1/2 OPTD
MAIN-1 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE
MAIN-2 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE
DF/DT OPTD
EVENT NO
NAME OF FEEDER
DATE & TIME
ISOLATOR S.NO
ISOLATOR EQUIPMENT-1 EQUIPMENT-2 EQUIPMENT-3 EQUIPMENT-4
INTERLOCKS OPEN/CLOSE INTERLOCKS REQUIRED FOR CONCERNED ISOLATOR / EARTH SWITCH OPEN OR CLOSE
BAY - 1
1 1 - 89 ISO BB189 E O 189 AE O 189 E O 152 CB O
2 1 – 89 E ES 189 A O 189 O -- - -- -
3 1 – 89 A ISO 189 AE O 189 E O 152 CB O -- -
4 1 – 89 AE ES 189 A O 189 O -- - -- -
5 1 – 89 L ISO 189 LE O 152 CB O 252 CB O -- -
6 1 – 89 LE ES 189 L O UV RELAY A -- - -- -
BAY - 2
NOTE: All Earth Switches
in the Bay are towards 7 2 – 89 A ISO 289 BE O 289 AE O 252 CB O -- -
Circuit Breaker side only. 8 2 – 89 AE ES 289 B O 289 A O -- - -- -
The Line and Transformer
9 2 – 89 B ISO 289 BE O 289 AE O 252 CB O -- -
Earth Switches are towards
Line & Transformer. 10 2 – 89 BE ES 289 B O 289 A O -- - -- -
O: OPEN BAY - 3
C: CLOSE 11 3 – 89 ISO BB289 E O 389 AE O 389 E O 352 CB O
A: ACTED
12 3 – 89 E ES 389 A O 389 O -- - -- -
BB189E : BUSBAR-1 EARTH SWITCH .
13 3 – 89 A ISO 389 AE O 389 E O 352 CB O -- -
BB289E : BUSBAR-2EARTH SWITCH .
UV RELAY: UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY. 14 3 – 89 AE ES 389 A O 389 O -- - -- -
15 3 – 89 T ISO LV89 E2 O 389 TE O 252 CB O 352 CB O
16 3 – 89 TE ES 389 T O LV89 T O -- - -- -
LIST OF PANELS
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
LIST OF PANELS
1. CONTROL PANEL FOR LINE & AT/F (ICT) – CP

2. 400KV LINE CB RELAY PANEL – RLA
3. 400KV LINE PROTECTION PANEL – RLB
4. 400KV TIE CB RELAY PANEL – RTB
5. 400KV AT/F(ICT) CB RELAY PANEL– RTRA
6. 315MVA AT/F(ICT) PROTECTION PANEL
FOR HV (400KV SIDE)– RTRB
7. 315MVA AT/F(ICT) PROTECTION PANEL
FOR LV – RTRC
8. 220KV AT/F(ICT) CB RELAY PANEL – RTRD
9. CONTROL PANEL FOR AT/F LV - KT
CONTROL PANEL –CP/KT
1. IT IS HAVING PANEL METERS i.e AMMETER,
VOLTMETER, MW METER, MVAR METER.(NOW
MULTIFUNCTION PANEL METERS ARE AVAILABLE).
2. ANNOUNCIATION FACIA FOR PROBLEMS, ALARMS
ENCOUNTERED.(NOW MICROPROCESSOR BASED
ANNOUNCIATION FACIA IS AVAILABLE).
3. INDICATING LAMPS FOR RELAYS HEATHINESS &
INTERLOCKS.
4. TNC SWITCHES FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER/ ISOLATOR
FOR MANUAL TRIP/CLOSE OPERATION.
5. PANEL INDICATING LAMPS FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER/
ISOLATOR POSITION i.e CLOSE/OPEN.
6. SYMAPHORES FOR EARTH SWITCHES POSITION
i.e CLOSE/OPEN.
7. SYNCHOROSCOPE SOCKETS ONE No FOR EACH
CIRCUIT BREAKER UTILISED AT THE TIME OF
CLOSING.
8. ENERGY METERS.
400KV LINE CB RELAY PANEL-RLA
1. ANNOUNCIATION RELAYS.
2. AUTO RECLOUSER WITH CHECK SYNCHRONISING RELAY
(79 A/R + 25).
3. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-A( 86-A WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS,
1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY
SUPERVISION).
4. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-B( 86-B WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS,
SUPERVISION).
5. DC SOURCE-1 (GR-A) HEALTHINESS.
6. DC SOURCE-2 (GR-B) HEALTHINESS.
7. TRIP CIRCUIT-1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR MAIN CB (152CB)
FOR 3 PHASES.
FOR 3 PHASES.
9. DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL – 1/ 2 RECEIVED RELAYS & FLAG RELAYS.
10. LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY ( 50 LBB)
FOR MAIN CB(152CB).
11. UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY FOR LINE EARTH SWITCH INTERLOCK.
12. FLAG RELAYS FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER TROUBLES.
400KV LINE PROTECTION PANEL-RLB
1. MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR LINE( 29 L1, WITH NECESSARY
AUX RELAYS & DC GR-A HEALTHINESS).(TEED-
(TEED-1 PROTECTION RELAY IN CASE 5CT METHOD )
2. MAIN-2 PROTECTION FOR LINE( 29 L2, WITH NECESSARY
AUX RELAYS & DC GR-B HEALTHINESS).(TEED-
(TEED-2 PROTECTION RELAY IN CASE 5CT METHOD)
FUNCTIONS AVAILABLE IN MAIN-1/ MAIN-2(REL521/ REL 316)
1. 4 TO 6 SETTING IMPEDENCE ZONES WITH 4 TO 6 SETTING GROUPS (21 + 21N).
2. DIR / INST / TIME OVERCURRENT & EARTH FAULT FUNCTION( 50 + 51 + 67 + 50N + 51N + 67N).
3. EIGHT COMMUNICATION SCHEMES.
4. SWITCH ON TO FAULT PROTECTION(21 SOTF).
5. PHASE SELECTION(R,Y,B).
6. POWER SWING BLOCKING(PSB)(68 + 68T).
7. FUSE FAILURE SUPERVISION(PT FFR).
8. AUTO RECLOSER RELAY WITH SYNCHROCHECK AND VOLTAGE CHECK(79 A/R + 25 +86).
9. WEEK END INFEED LOGIC(27 WI).
10. SYSTEM SUPERVISION.
11. STUB PROTECTION(STUB).
12. OVER VOLTAGE/ UNDER VOLTAGE FUNCTION(27+ 59).
13. LBB/BFR FUNCTION(50 BF).
14. DISTANCE TO FAULT LOCATOR(21 FL).(SHOWS IN 1. %, 2. KM & 3. R+JX )
15. 16 PROGRAMABLE SIGNALLING RELAYS WITH LEDs.
16. RECORDABLE 10Nos LATEST DISTRUBANCES WITH BASIC EVALUATION DISTURBANCE RECORDER.
17. EVENT RECORDER RELATED TO RELAY EVENTS.
18. PRE-FAULT, FAULT & POST-FAULT VALUES OF ANALOG POINTS WITH IMPEDENCE DETAILS.
19. USER CAN BE CONFIGUARED PROGRAMABLE LOGIC FUNCTIONS.
20. TELE / CARRIER INTER TRIPPING SCHEMES(85 +21)(PUTT, POTT).
21. TRIP CIRCUIT MONITORING(74 TC).
22. METERING FUNCTION (INSTANTANEOUS VALUES DISPLAY FUNCTION).
23. 4 QUADRANT ENERGY METER FUNCTION (KWH,KVAH,KVARH)(KYZ PULSE OUTPUT).
400KV TIE CB RELAY PANEL-RTB
2. AUTO RECLOUSER WITH CHECK SYNCHRONISING
RELAY (79 A/R + 25).
3. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-A( 86-A WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS,
SUPERVISION).
4. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-B( 86-B WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS,
SUPERVISION).
7. TRIP CIRCUIT-1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR TIE CB (252CB)
FOR 3 PHASES.
8. TRIP CIRCUIT-2 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR TIE CB (252CB)
FOR 3 PHASES.
FOR TIE CB(252CB).
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) HV CB
RELAY PANEL (400KV SIDE) - RTRA
2. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-A( 86-A WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS,
1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY SUPERVISION).
3. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-B( 86-B WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS,
FOR 3 PHASES.
FOR 3 PHASES.
FOR MAIN CB(352CB).
10. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR METERING.
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) HV
PROTECTION PANEL (400KV SIDE) - RTRB
1. MAIN-1 PROTECTION/ DIFFERENTIAL RELAY (87T).

2. HV OVER FLUX RELAY (99T HV).
3. OVER LOAD RELAY/ HIGH CURRENT RELAY (51 O/L).
4. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR PROTECTION.
5. FLAG RELAYS FOR TRANSFORMER INTERNAL FAULTS &
PROBLEMS FOR ALARAM & TRIPS.
6. DC SUPERVISION FOR RELAYS.
7. DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT RELAYS FOR
HV (MAIN-2 PROTECTION)(67 R,Y,B, 67N).
8. FUSE FAILURE RELAY(PT FFR).
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) LV
PROTECTION PANEL (220KV SIDE) - RTRC
1. LV OVER FLUX RELAY (99T LV).

2. RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY, SINGLE PHASE HIGH
IMPEDENECE RELAY (64T).
3. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR PROTECTION.
4. FLAG RELAYS FOR TRANSFORMER INTERNAL FAULTS &
PROBLEMS FOR ALARAM & TRIPS.
5. DC SUPERVISION FOR RELAYS.
6. DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT RELAYS FOR
LV (MAIN-2 PROTECTION)(67 R,Y,B, 67N).
7. FUSE FAILURE RELAY(PT FFR).
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) LV CB
RELAY PANEL (220KV SIDE) - RTRD
2. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-A( 86-A WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS,
3. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR-B( 86-B WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS,
6. TRIP CIRCUIT-1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR LV CB
FOR 3 PHASES.
7. TRIP CIRCUIT-2 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR LV CB
FOR 3 PHASES.
FOR LV CB.
9. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT RELAY.
10. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR METERING.
OTHER
INFORMATION
REGARDING
RELAYS AND
TESTING
EQUIPMENT
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
ABB RELAYS
ABB Network Partner AG REL531
ABB Network Partner AG REL 521 ABB Network Partner AG REL 316*4
1 9
2 10
3 11
4 12
5 13
6 14
7 15
8 16
C
C
E E
ALSTOM RELAYS
P443 P444
P442 E-PAC
P437
GE MULTILIN
RELAYS
SIEMENS
RELAYS
SEL RELAYS
ENABLED
TARGET SPT MC
IA =250.10 A TRIP RESET ENABLED ENABLED SEL- 421
IB =250.10 A PROTECTION
INST PH - A COMM RECLOSE AUTOMATION
IC =250.10 A TIME PH - B ENABLED ENABLED CONTROL
VAB =400.0 KV COMM PH - C

VBC =400.0 KV SOTF GND ALT CB
SETTINGS CLOSED
ZONE 1 50
VCA =400.0 KV
ESC ENT
ZONE 2
ZONE 3
51
79 RESET
RELAY
TEST
CB
OPEN
SEL
ZONE 4 79 LOCKOUT
INST TIME COMM SOTF 1 2ENABLED

3 4
TARGET
SEL- 321- 5 - 2
TRIP RESET PROTECTION
TRIP ZONE AUTOMATION
CONTROL
EN A B C G Q 51 50
FAULT TYPE O/C
TARGET TARGET FAULT SET

RESET NO / YES /
METER STATUS OTHER GROUP
EXIT
SEL
CANCEL SELECT
NXT PHASE RELAYS
1 DISTANCE 2
RELAYS
CHARACTERESTICS
1. MHO CIRCULAR CHARACTERSTICS.
2. QUADRILATERAL CHARACTERSTICS.
3. LENS/OPTICAL CHARACTERSTICS.
4. TOMATO CHARACTRESTICS.
5. ABB REL521/316 CHARACTERESTICS.
5
3 4
RELAY MODELS OF LINE (DISTANCE) & TRANSFORMER( M & B ) OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS
TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION T/F PROTECTION

MANUFACTURERS
MAIN-1 CURVES MAIN-2 CURVES DIFFERENTIAL DIR O/L,E/F
RET 521 REL 505
ABB REL 521 QUAD REL 316 QUAD
RET 316 RAPDK
MICOMHO P443 MICOM P437
QUAD/ QUAD/ MICOM P633 MICOM P141
ALSTOM MICOM P444 MHO E-PAC 3000, MHO
KBCH/ MBCH MICOM P127
MICOM P442 OPTIMHO
SIEMENS SIPROTEC QUAD/ SIPROTEC QUAD/ 7UT 612/ 3 7SJ 62/3/4/5
( SIPROTEC ) 7SA63 MHO
7SA522 MHO
7UT 512/ 3 7SJ 52/3/4/5
QUAD/ SEL 321 QUAD/
SEL SEL 421 MHO MHO SEL 387 SEL 351
SEL 311C
GE QUAD/ LPS-L/D QUAD/ DTP 32DH DMS
ALPS-L/D MHO MHO
MULTILIN DLP-L/D, D-6O SR 7465 SR 750/60
EASUN THR 4 PE 16
THR 4 PE 24 MHO MHO --- ---
REYROLE THR 3 PE 18
NXT QUAD/ LENS/
L-PRO MHO L-PRO TOMAT0
T-PRO F-PRO
PHASE
RELAY TESTING EQUIPMENTS
1. PROGRAMA_GE (MODEL: FREEJA-300) 2. MANTA TEST SYSTEMS (MODEL: MTS 4000)
3. OMICRON (MODEL: CMC 256-6) 4. DOBLE ( MODEL: F 6150)
RELAY TESTING EQUIPMENTS
1. MEEGER_AVO (MODEL: MPRT 8430) 2. RES (MODEL: APTS 3)
3. KOCOS (MODEL: ARTES 440 II) 4. EURO SMC ( MODEL: TRES)
DISPLAY

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400KV PROTECTION

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

TRIP COIL-1 TRIP COIL-1 TRIP COIL-1

86-A : GROUP-A MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY

BUS BAR PROTECTION 3

BUS BAR CHECKUP PROT 3

CORE – 4 METERING & ENERGY METER FOR FEEDER SPARE

2CT’s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND

CORE – 6 2CT’s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND BUSBAR-2

BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT

BUS BAR PROTECTION

BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT

BUS BAR PROTECTION

TEED PROT-2 MAIN-2 TEED PROT-2 BACKUP TEED PROT-2

TEED-2 PROT (BAY1&2)

TEED-2 PROT (BAY2&3)

TEED-1 PROT (BAY2&3)

BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT

TEED-2 PROT (BAY2&3)

TEED-1 PROT (BAY2&3)

CORE-2 BUSBAR-1 2CT’s SECONDARIES 2CT’s SECONDARIES BUSBAR-2

CORE-3 SPARE 2CT’s SECONDARIES 2CT’s SECONDARIES SPARE

CORE-3 SPARE METERING & SPARE SPARE METERING & SPARE

0A 1.0A 1.0A 1.0A

1.5A 0.5A 0.5A 0.5A

1000A LINE-1 LINE-2 500A

1-CT 2-CT 3-CT

0.75A 0.25A 0.25A 0.25A

1-CT 2-ACT 2-BCT 3-CT

0A 1.0A 1.0A 1.0A

1-CT 2-ACT 2-BCT 3-CT

1-CT 2-ACT 2-BCT 3-CT

1.5A 1.0A 0.5A

1.5A 0.5A 0.5A 0.5A

500A LINE-1 LINE-2 1000A

1-CT 2-ACT 2-BCT 3-CT

0.75A 0.25A 0.25A

0.75A 0.25A 0.25A 0.25A

Sr.No VOLTAGE MAIN- 1 PROTECTION MAIN-2 PROTECTION/ BACKUP PROTECTION

5S4 5S4 5S4

2-BCT INST PH-A

4S4 4S4 4S4

4S4 4S4 4S4

79-1 79-2 25-1 25-2

1-52,2-52: MAIN & TIE CIRCUIT BREAKER

EXTERNAL FAULT INTERNAL FAULT

1S3 1S3 1S3

3-52CB 6-52CB 9-52CB 12-52CB 15-52CB 18-52CB

33CT 36CT 39CT 312CT 315CT 318CT

31CT 34CT 37CT 310CT 313CT 316CT

ABB RADSS BUS BAR-1 PROTECTION

4-52 CB PANEL HIGH SPEED

REB 521 TRIP FROM 50 LBB TRIP RELAY

ACTIVE START TRIP 7-52 CB PANEL

DISPLAY HIGH SPEED

TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TRIP FROM 50 LBB TRIP RELAY TO BLOCK A/R

+VE BUSBAR PANEL

6-52 CB PANEL HIGH SPEED