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MRSM SBP Bab 6

1. The document discusses various concepts related to waves including interference, diffraction, frequency, wavelength, and amplitude. 2. Key points from the document include that wavelength is directly proportional to distance between two consecutive loud sounds, and that the longer the wavelength, the more obvious diffraction patterns will be when waves pass through an opening or around an obstacle. 3. Modifications discussed for improving radio controlled vehicles and drones include using long wavelength radiowaves for greater control range, adding waterproof and durable materials, cameras for remote viewing, and design features like multiple propellers for stability.

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Muhammad Qawiem
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
198 views79 pages

MRSM SBP Bab 6

1. The document discusses various concepts related to waves including interference, diffraction, frequency, wavelength, and amplitude. 2. Key points from the document include that wavelength is directly proportional to distance between two consecutive loud sounds, and that the longer the wavelength, the more obvious diffraction patterns will be when waves pass through an opening or around an obstacle. 3. Modifications discussed for improving radio controlled vehicles and drones include using long wavelength radiowaves for greater control range, adding waterproof and durable materials, cameras for remote viewing, and design features like multiple propellers for stability.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Qawiem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• 60

• Q
• Q
Increases / bertambah

Directly proportional
Berkadar terus
Maximum displacement from
equilibrium position.
Sesaran maksimum dari
kedudukan keseimbangan.
C

same length / same frequency


sama panjang / sama frekuensi

Resonance / resonans
• Light with one color / frequency
cahaya yang mempunyai satu
warna atau frequency
• Constructive interferens - bright
interferens membina - cerah
• Destructive interferens - dark
interferens memusnah - gelap
x = 4.05/ 3 = 1.35 mm = 1.35 x 10-3 m
λ = ax/D = 0.5 x 10-3 x 1.35 x 10-3
1.5
= 4.5 x 10-7 m
No of complete oscillation per second
Bilangan ayunan lengkap per saat
• Higher energy / tenaga tinggi
• Move further / bergerak jauh
• Time between source and rock layer = 0.2 s
masa antara sumber dan batu = 0.2 s
• s = vt/2 = 400 x 0.4/2 = 800 m
• Diffraction / pembelauan
Decreases / berkurang
Energy spreads out to wider area
Tenaga disebarkan ke kawasan lebih luas
Wave length of sound wave is greater
Panjang gelombang bagi gelombang bunyi lebih besar
Diffraction is more obvious
Pembelauan lebih jelas
The spreading of wave when pass through a
narrow slit or around an obstacle/
Penyebaran gelombang selepas melalui satu
celah atau halangan.
λ
5.2a > 5.2b

5.2a is more circular/


5.2a lebih membulat
decreases / berkurang

energy decrease / energy is being


spread out to a larger area
Tenaga berkurang / tenaga
disebarkan ke kawasan lebih luas
The longer the wavelength, the
diffraction is more obvious
Semakin panjang panjang gelombang
semakin jelas kesan belauan.
5.2 > 5.1

5.2 < 5.1


Inversely proportional /
Berkadar songsang

Berkadar terus / directly proprotional

Interference / interferens
λ = ax/D
x = λD/a
D and a
increase / bertambah

λ = ax/D
x = λD/a
x is directly proportional to a
x berkadar songsang dengan a
Interference / interferens
6.2 > 6.1

6.2 < 6.1

x inversely proportional to a
x berkadar songsang dengan a
Moves up and down with high
amplitude
Terumbang ambing dengan
Velocity decreased, λ
amplitude maximum
decrease. So x decreases.
Laju berkurang, λ berkurang.
Constructive interference Jadi x berkurang.
Interferens membina
Longitudinal waves
Gelombang membujur

Loud sound – constructive interference


Bunyi kuat – interferens membina Soft sound – destructive interference
Bunyi lemah – interferens memusnah
6.2 > 6.1

6.2 < 6.1


D
x inversely proportional to a λ,f
x berkadar songsang dengan a
Vibrations of air particles
Getaran molekul2 udara
6.2 > 6.1

6.2 > 6.1

6.2 = 6.1
Directly proportional / Berkadar terus

Directly proportional
Berkadar terus
Pitch decreases / kelangsingan berkurang

Thicker string produce low frequency sound/ tali


tebal hasilkan bunyi dengan frekuensi rendah
Low frequency sound – low pitch sound/
Bunyi frekuensi rendah – kelangsingan bunyi rendah
Longitudinal wave /
Gelombang membujur

Loudness increase / kenyaringan bertambah


Amplitude increase / amplitude bertambah
Pitch increase / kelangsingan bertambah
frequency increase / frekuensi bertambah
high / tinggi

High energy / tenaga tinggi


Concave reflector / pemantul cekung

Focus the wave /


menumpukan gelombang
water / air
Sound wave travel faster in water
Bunyi bergerak laju dalam air
T
Line joining all points of the same phase
Garisan yang menyambungkan semua titik
pada fasa yang sama
Frequency same / frekuensi sama

Wavelength cold region shorter


Panjang gelombang kawasan sejuk pendek

Direction 10.1 towards the dog


Arah 10.1 ke arah anjing
The greater the wavelength, the greater the
speed of sound wave
Semakin panjang panjang gelombang, semakin
laju gelombang bunyi.
Refraction / pembiasan
The two holes acts as coherent
sources
Kedua lubang adalah dua sumber
koheren
Diffraction occurs
Pembelauan berlaku
Bright fringes / antinodes due to
constructive interference
Pinggir cerah / antinodes adalah
interferens membina
Dark fringes / nodes due to
destructive interference
Pinggir gelap / nodes adalah
interferens memusnah
• Low frequency • Spread out over a larger area/
frekuensi rendah mudah dibelaukan
• High amplitude • Loud / can be heard over larger
amplitud tinggi area/ kuat / boleh didengar di
kawasan lebih luas.
• Big diameter of speaker • Spread out over a larger area / easily
diameter pembesar suara diffracted / sebar kawasan lebih luas
besar / mudah dibelaukan
• Use electrical power • Alarm always loud and over a long
source / guna sumber time / penggera sentiasa kuat dan
elektrik jangka masa yang panjang
• High area / tinggi • No obstacle / tiada halangan
• Speaker distance not too • Avoid interferens of sound
near each other, a further • Elak interferens / gangguan bumyi
jarak antara dua
pembesara suara jauh • Automatically detect water at
• Add water sensor dangerous level/ mengesan air pada
tambah pengesan air aras merbahaya secara automatik.

• Add GPS • Warning can be sent directly to


tambah GPS authorities faster / amaran boleh
dihantar terus kepada pihak
berkuasa dengan pantas
No of complete oscillation
per second.
Bilangan ayunan lengkap
dalam 1 saat.
Frequency: 10.1 > 10.2
Distance, a / jarak, a : 10.2 = 10.2
Distance, x / jarak, x : 10.1 < 10.2
Wavelength is directly proportional to the
distance between two consecutive loud
sounds, x.
Panjang gelombang berkadar terus
dengan jarak antara dua bunyi kuat
berturutan, x.
Interference / interferens
When the water move through the gap, diffraction of wave occurs
Apabila air melalui celah, pembelauan berlaku
The amplitude of the waves reduced
Amplitud gelombang berkurang
The energy is reduced after passing the gap
Tenaga berkurang selepas melalui celah
Barrier acts as reflector / reflect high waves / stops high waves
from hitting houses
Penghalang bertindak sebagai pemantul, memantul ombak besar,
henti ombak yang besar dan tinggi daripada langgar rumah
Barrier is high to prevent overflow of water.
Penghalang tinggi untuk menghalang limpahan air.
Use vibrator, constant f To create continuous waves
Guna penggetar, f tetap Hasilkan ombak berterusan
Put barriers with gap Diffraction creates area with smaller
Bina banteng dengan celah waves / pembelauan hasilkan kawasan
dengan ombak kecil
Have high speed water Create high amplitude of waves for
source surfing / hasilkan amplitude tinggi
Sumber air laju untuk meluncur ombak
Different depth of pool/ Different speed of waves/ refraction/
kedalaman kolam berbeza laju ombak berbeza
Safety precaution - floats to save from drowning
Langkah2 keselamatan - Selamat daripada lemas
pelampung
Soft barrier around pools Absorbs fast moving waves / absorbs
Benteng yang lembut sekitar reflected waves
kolam Serap ombak yang bergerak laju
Serap pantulan ombak
Have two gaps in barriers
Mempunyai dua celah Creat superpositions / interference of
antara benteng waves/ to increases amplitude of
waves
Bina superposisi interferens ombak,
untuk tingkatkan amplitude ombak
A disturbance that transfer energy
Satu gangguan yang memindahkan tenaga.
• wavelength / panjang
gelombang, λ : equal / sama
• Size of obstacle / saiz halangan :
10.2 < 10.1
• Pattern / bentuk, : 10.2 is more
obvious / 10.2 lebih jelas
• The smaller the size of obstacle
the obvious the pattern of
propagation / semakin kecil saiz
halangan semakin jelas corak
perambatan.
Diffraction / pembelauan.
1. Air particle goes into the shell's cavity //
zarah udara masuk ke dalam lubang
cengkerang
2. Air particle get reflected by the hard,
curved inner surfaces of shell // zarah udara
dipantulkan oleh permukaan dalam
cengkerang yang keras.
3. The vibrating of air particle produces
sound // getaran zarah udara hasilkan bunyi
4. Air particle takes longer to bounce back
and forth in a bigger shell // zarah udara
mengambil masa yang lama untuk memantul
pergi dan balik dalam cengkerang lebih
besar
5. Smaller frequency of sound produced //
frekuensi bunyi lebih kecil dihasilkan.
Modification Reason
Radiowaves / gelombang radio Long wavelength // panjang gelombang yang
panjang
Strong // kuat Not easy to break // tidak mudah pecah
Waterproof // tahan air Not corrode // can use in all weather // tidak mudah
karat // boleh digunakan dalam semua cuaca
Low density // ketumpatan rendah Lighter // portable // easy to carry // ringan //
mudah dibawa //
Many propellers // banyak kipas Maintain stability//more stable // kekal stabil
Long wavelength Greater range of control // julat kawalan yang luas
// panjang gelombang yang panjang
Camera with wifl Can send video to computer and handphone //
Kamera dengan wifi boleh hantar video ke computer atau talipon bimbit
Larger antenna // antena yang besar Easy to receive the frequency // mudah menerima
frekuensi
Unique identification code // kod Not disturbed by other remote control // tidak
pengenalan yang unik diganggu oleh alat kawalan jauh yang lain
• Wave move from deeper to shallow
area / gelombang bergerak dari
kawasan dalam ke cetek
• Wavelength decrease / panjang
gelombang berkurang
• The speed decrease / laju berkurang
• The waves refracts towards normal
line / gelombang bias mendekati
Refraction / Pembiasan.
garis normal.
1. Bay / telok 2. Calmer / air tenang
3. concreate retaining wall / 4. stronger/ lasting / kuat / tahan
benteng konkrit. lama
5. High wall / tembok tinggi 6. prevent high wave / halang
gelombang tinggi

7. smaller opening of retaining wall / 8. diffraction obvious / low wave


benteng dengan celah energy / pembelauan berlaku
dengan jelas / gelombang
bertenaga rendah
9. Pilih P / 10. at bay, concrete retaining wall, high wall, smaller slit wall. / di
teluk, benteng konkrit, tembok tinggi, tembok dengan satu celah.
• The vibration of the particles is
parallel to the direction of the
propagation of the waves/ arah
getaran zarah-zarah selari dengan
arah perambatan gelombang
• Longitudinal waves propagate in
the same direction as its vibrations
while transverse waves propagates
perpendicular to the direction of
the vibrations./ gelombang
membujur merambat sama arah
dengan getaran zarah; gelombang
melintang merambat arah
berserenjang dengan getaran zarah. 1. pluck the string harder / petik
tali dengan kuat
2. increase amplitude / tambah
amplitud
3. use thinner / shorter string / string vibrates at higher
frequency / guna tali nipis / pendek / tali getar
dengan frekuensi tinggi.
1. High speed / laju tinggi 2. information can be sent quickly /
maklumat dihantar lebih cepat
3. short wavelength / λ Pendek. 4. less diffraction / kurang belauan

5. low energy dissipated / sedikit 6. receive information clearly / less


tenaga hilang loss of information to surrounding/
terima maklumat dengan jelas /
kurang maklumat hilang ke
sekeliling
7. reflected by inosphere/ 8. signal reaches receiver clearly/
dipantulkan oleh inosfera maklumat diterima dengan jelas

9. Pilih S / 10. high speed, short wavelength, low energy dissipated, reflected
by ionosphere / laju tinggi, panjang gelombang pendek, tenaga hilang
rendah dan dipantulkan oleh inosfera.
• Frequency of any oscillating system
in the absence of any other forces/
frekuensi sistem ayunan tanpa
kehadiran daya luar.
• Pendulum B and X has the same
length / bandul B dan X sama panjang
• so both have same natural
frequencies / kedua-duanya
mempunyai frekuensi asli yang sama
• When x is displaced, all pendulums start to oscillate
because energy is transferred / apabila x disesarkan,
bandul2 lain berayun kerana tenaga dipindahkan.
• Pendulum X and B are in resonance, so pendulum B
oscillates with the maximum amplitude / Bandul x dan B
berada dalam keadaan resonans dan bandul B berayun
dengan amplitude maksimum
1. large diameter / diameter besar 2. more signals are received / banyak
maklumat diterima
3. microwave / gelombang mikro. 4. high frequency / frekuensi tinggi

5. distance of receiver from disc is 6. signals are focused at the receiver/


same with focal length / jarak isyarat ditumpukan pada titik fokus
penerima dari cakera ialah panjang di penerima.
fokus

7. height of the disc is high/ 8. no blockage / tiada halangan


cakera di tempat tinggi

9. Pilih R / 10. large diameter disc, use microwave, distance of receiver from
disc is same with focal length / diameter cakera besar, guna gelombang
mikro, jarak penerima dari cakera ialah panjang fokus, di tempat tinggi.

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