Review 2: Part 1-State of Stress

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Review 2

Part 1- State of Stress

CE323-CE423 Foundation Engineering


State of Stress
Unit thickness

1

t
a b

2

d
c

The faces ab and bc are subject to normal stresses only (no shear stress):

They are called principal planes.

There exist always 2 principal planes and they intercept at a right angle

1 and 2 are called principal stresses (1 > 2 )

1 is called major stress ; 2 is called minor stress


Sign convention for stresses:

t > 0 if it is acting anti-clockwise t

 > 0 if it is compression 


Representation of the state of stress using Mohr’s Circle

t
 σ  σ2  1
R  1 
 2 

a b
R 
2 1
ac = l
2
 
(σ1  σ 2 ) / 2 
t
c
Determination of stresses using Mohr’s circle

2 1 Origin of planes

   
OP t

(, t)
ac

1

a b


ac = l
2

t
c
Example

Calculate the stresses acting on


the plane ac at an inclination ,
for the 2 cases:
i-  = 30°
ii-  = 45°

5 kN/m2

a b

2 kN/m2

t
c
Example

Calculate the stresses acting on


the plane ac at an inclination ,
for the 2 cases:
i-  = 30°
ii-  = 45°

5 kN/m2

a b

2 kN/m2

t
c
Shear Strength

Example of shear failure



1
t

The frictional model

T
Shear box test

t Dense sand
Loose sand

Dl

Dense sand
DV/V0

N = vertical force (constant)


Loose sand
T = shear force (gradually increasing) Dl

Dl = shear displacement
t t   ' tan f ' c'
f’

c’

σ'

Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope

t   ' tan f ' c'

c’ = cohesion

f’ = angle of internal friction or angle of shearing resistance


Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope - Friction

Mohr - Coulomb failure line


t Failure plane

(, t)

f’

f’ 45°+f’/2

 '  '1 ’
Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope – Friction and cohesion

t
Failure plane Mohr-Coulomb failure line

(, t)

f’ f’

c’ 45°+f’/2

'  '1 ’

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