General Chemistry 1: First Quarter-Module 1: The Nature of Matter

Department of Education
National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY
General Chemistry 1
First Quarter-Module 1:
The Nature of Matter
Writer: Russel S. Berador

Illustrator: Christine Ann G. Faraon
Cover Illustrator: Christine Ann G. Faraon
City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Matter. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.
Learning Competencies
• Use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate them
STEM_GC11MPIa-b-5
• Recognize the formulas of common chemical substances STEM_GC11MPIa-b-
9
• Compare consumer products on the basis of their components for use, safety,
quality, and cost STEM_GC11MPIa-b-11
• Describe various simple separation techniques such as distillation,
chromatography STEM_GC11MPIa-b-12
The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Properties of Matter
• Lesson 2 – Mixtures and Pure Substances
After going through this module, you are expected to

1. define matter;
2. determine the properties of matter;
3. use properties of matter to identify the substances;
4. distinguish between physical and chemical changes;
5. differentiate mixtures from pure substance; and
6. determine the different of ways of separating mixtures
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. The density of an object is a ______.

A. chemical property
B. combustible property
C. physical property
D. reactive property
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2. A pure substance always has ______ density when measured under _____
conditions.
A. a different; different
B. a different; the same
C. the same; different
D. the same; the same
3. Which of the following does NOT signal a chemical change?

A. Color change
B. Change in state
C. Production of gas
D. Production of light and heat
4. Other ____of substance, like color, size, and hardness, can be found without
changing the substance into something else.
A. reactivity
B. evaporation
C. physical properties
D. chemical Properties
5. Some solutions, such as salt and water, are separated by which process?
A. Chromatography
B. Crystallization
C. Evaporation
D. Filtration
6. Which of the following is a substance that is made up of two chemically

combined elements in a fixed ratio?
A. Compound
B. Element
C. Mixture
D. Solution
7. A technique that separates a mixture based on the individual substance’s

tendency to travel across a surface is called _____.
A. chromatography
B. crystallization
C. distillation
D. filtration
8. What is an example of an element?

A. Air (N, O, Ar, CO2)
B. Oxygen (O)
C. Salt (NaCl)
D. Water (H2O)
2 City of Good Character

9. Which of these is best classified as a mixture?
B. Propane (C3H8)
C. Salt (NaCl)
D. water (H2O)
10. Which of the following can be considered as a chemical property of matter?

A. Basicity
B. Density
C. Shape
D. Solubility
11. Which of the following is a physical change?

A. Burning
B. Evaporation
C. Rotting
D. Rusting
12. A solution is a type of ______.

A. balance
B. combustibility
C. matter
D. mixture
13. The process used to separate heterogeneous mixtures of solids and liquids is
called _____.
A. chromatography
B. crystallization
C. distillation
D. filtration
14. Which of the following is the best classification of a table salt (NaCl)?
A. Compound
B. Element
C. Mixture
D. Solution
15. All material that takes up space is called ______.

A. mass
B. matter
C. solubility
D. weight

Lesson 1 Properties of Matter
Look around. Everything, from the clothes you are wearing to the air you
breathe is matter. Matter is very important. Matter makes up everything including
living things like plants and people. It also makes non-living things such as tables
and chairs.
Everything is matter and matter comes in three different states: solid, liquid
and gas which means that everything is either a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Each state
has properties. Each state has properties, but what does that mean? A property
describes how an object looks, feels, or acts. So that means that liquids look, act, or
feel differently than solids or gases. One property of all matter, whether it's a solid,
liquid, or gas, is that it takes up space and has mass.
What’s In
During your Grade 10 Science, you studied about the nature of matter and the
states of matter that gave you an idea of the particulate nature of matter. Before you
proceed to the lessons of this module, take time to read the following major concepts
about states of matter.
• Matter exists in three states:
– Solid: a rigid substance with a definite shape
– Liquid: has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container
– Gas: takes the shape and volume of its container
• Particles in a:
– gas are well separated with no regular arrangement.
– liquid are close together with no regular arrangement.
– solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.
• Molecules in a:
– solid are held close to each other by their attractions of charge.
– liquid will flow or glide over one another, but stay toward the bottom of
the container.
– gas in continual straight-line motion.
What’s New
Properties of Matter
The different types of matter can be distinguished through two components:

composition and properties. The composition of matter refers to the different

components of matter along with their relative proportions. The properties of matter
refer to the qualities/attributes that distinguish one sample of matter from another.
These properties are generally grouped into two categories: physical or chemical.
To understand the properties of matter, do this activity.
Activity 1.1
Complete the table below with the information needed.
SUBSTANCE SHAPE COLOR

1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.
4. 8.
What Is It
The shape and the color of those substances are the properties of matter.
Properties are generally grouped into two categories: physical properties and
chemical properties. Physical properties are observable or measurable properties

without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are usually used to
observe and describe matter. Physical properties of materials are described as
intensive and extensive properties. This classification connects to the dependency of
the properties about the size or extent of the system or object in question.
An intensive property is an expand property, means it is a physical property of

a structure that does not depend on the structure, size, or the amount of material in
the structure. Some examples of intensive properties are density, temperature, and
hardness of an object. Once a diamond is cut, the pieces remain their intrinsic
hardness (until their size reaches a several atoms thick). On the other hand, an
extensive property is an add-on for independent, non-interacting subsystems. The
property is corresponding to the amount of material in the system.
Intensive properties: A physical property that will be the same regardless of the
amount of matter.
• density: D=M/V
• color: the pigment or shade
• conductivity: electricity to flow through the substance
• malleability: if a substance can be flattened
• luster: how shiny the substance looks
Extensive Properties: A physical property that will change if the amount of

matter changes.
• mass: how much matter in the sample
• volume: how much space the sample takes up
• length: how long the sample is
Activity 1.2
Identify the intensive and extensive properties of the given pictures.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________
Chemical properties of matter express its "prospective" to undergo some

chemical change or reaction by goodness of its composition. It is totally difficult to
describe a chemical property without using the word "change". In the end, you should
be able to determine the formula of a compound and state some chemical properties.
At this time, this is very strenuous to do and you are not expected to be able to do
it. For example, hydrogen has the tendency to ignite and explode given the proper
conditions. It is a chemical property.

There are changes of matter, the chemical change and physical change. A
physical change occurs without any changes in molecular composition. The same
compound or element is present before and after the change. The alike molecule is
present throughout the changes. Physical changes are connected to physical
properties. The three major states of matter are: solid, liquid, and gas. One example
of physical change is when liquid water (H2O) freezes into a solid state (ice).
Nevertheless, this change is only physical as the composition of the structure
molecules is the same: 88.81% oxygen and 11.19% hydrogen by mass.
Chemical change follows in one or more substances of absolutely different

composition from the original substances. The elements and/or compounds at the
beginning of the reaction are regrouped into new product compounds or elements. A
chemical change the composition of the actual matter. Different compounds or
elements are present at the end of the chemical change. The atoms in compounds
are regrouped to make new and different compounds. For example, corrosion is the
undesired oxidation of metals developing in metal oxides.
What’s More
Activity 1.3. Evidences of Chemical Change
Evidence that a chemical change has occurred might include:

• A color change
• An odor change
• Formation of a precipitate (you mix two liquids and make a solid)
• Gas is formed (bubbles)
• Changes in physical properties
During a chemical change energy can be released in the form of:

• Heat
• Light
Give the evidences of chemical change in the following pictures.

Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. ___________________ 2. ___________________

3. ___________________ 4. ___________________
Activity 1.4. Changes of Matter

Identify the following changes of matter, as physical change by putting check ( )
and as chemical change by putting (X). Number 1 is done for you.
1. A mirror is broken.
2. An iron nail corroded in moist air.
3. Copper metal is melted.
4. A nail rusting.
5. Two colorless solutions are mixed. The resulting
mixture has a yellow precipitate.
6. A green solution and colorless solution are mixed.
The resulting mixture is a solution with a pale green
color.
What I Have Learned
Write the correct word/s to complete the sentence/s.
1. __________ can be defined or described as anything that takes up space, and

it is composed of miniscule particles called ______.
2. __________ can be observed or measured without changing the composition of
matter.
3. __________ is a bulk property, meaning that it is a physical property of a system
that does not depend on the system’s size or the amount of material in the
system.
4. __________ is additive for independent, non-interacting subsystems.
5. __________ of matter describes its "potential" to undergo some chemical change
or reaction by virtue of its composition.
6. __________ takes place without any changes in molecular composition.
7. __________ results in one or more substances of entirely different composition
from the original substances.

What I Can Do
As you reflect on the properties of matter and the changes of matter, you learn
that there are evidences of chemical change. Now, try to answer the given questions.
Which life cycle is most similar to a chemical change? Why?
Butterfly Grasshopper
egg -> larva -> pupa ->adult egg -> nymph -> adult
Assessment
paper.

A. mass
B. matter
C. solubility
D. weight
2. Making skim milk is an example of _____.

A. solubility
B. combustibility
C. using physical properties to separate a mixture
D. using chemical properties to separate a mixture
3. You can divide the mass of an object by its volume to find the object's ______.
A. density
B. solubility
C. reactivity
D. physical properties

4. When milk turns sour. This is a _________.
A. chemical change
B. chemical property
C. physical Change
D. physical property
5. Chemical changes can lead to the formation of new substances. Which of the
following processes has the ability to produce a new substance?
A. Evaporation
B. Combustibility
C. Condensation
D. Distillation
6. Which of the following is considered to be a physical property of matter?

A. Acidity
B. Combustibility
C. Reactivity
D. Solubility
7. Density depends on what two measurements of an object?

A. Length and width
B. Mass and volume
C. Mass and weight
D. Volume and size
8. What is a chemical property of matter?

A. Basicity
B. Density
C. Shape
D. Solubility
9. Which of the following undergoes physical change?

A. Evaporation
B. Burning
C. Rotting
D. Rusting
10. Is it possible to calculate the density of something that is not matter?

A. Yes
B. No
C. Maybe
D. Cannot be determined

Additional Activities
Complete the concept map below by filling up the boxes with the appropriate
concepts.
1. 2.
3.
4. 7. 10.
5. 8. 11.
6. 9. 12.
Lesson 2 Pure Substances and Mixtures
What’s In
In the previous lesson you gained an idea of the properties of matter. In this
lesson, you will learn to differentiate pure substances from mixtures and determine
the different ways of separating mixtures. As defined in the previous lesson, a
property describes how an object looks, feels, or acts. Moreover, the different types
of matter can be distinguished through two components: composition and properties.
Properties are generally grouped into physical and chemical properties.

What’s New
Pure Substances and Mixtures
Chemists can classify matter as solid, liquid, or gas. But, there are other ways
to classify matter, such as pure substances and mixtures. Classification is one of the
basic processes in science. All matter can be classified as either a pure substance or
a mixture.
Pure substances are substances that are composed of only one type of particle
and has a continual structure. Pure substances are classified as elements and
compounds. An element is a substance that composed of only one type or kind of
atom. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into a new
substance by using some physical or chemical means. Elements are mainly metals,
non-metals, and metalloids. Compounds, at the same time, are also pure substances
once two or more elements are combined chemically in a settled ratio. Nevertheless,
these substances can be run down into separate elements by chemical methods.
Activity 2.1
Identify the following pure substances, as Element by putting check ( ) and as
Compound by putting (X)
Number 1 is done for you.
1. Water (H2O) X
2. Alcohol (C2H6O)
3. Copper (Cu)
4. Salt (NaCl)
5. Acetic acid or Vinegar (CH3COOH)
6. Gold (Au)
What Is It
A substance can be also made of two or more elements that are combined
physically but not chemically. This kind of substance is called mixture. Mixtures are
more divided into a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture. A homogeneous mixture,
occasionally called a solution, is a bit uniform in composition; every part of the
mixture is like every other part. For instance, if you dissolve sugar in water and mix
it really well, your mixture is primarily the same. A heterogeneous mixture is a
mixture which composition alter from position to position within the sample. For
example, if you put some sugar in a jar, add some sand, and then give the jar a

couple of shakes, your mixture doesn’t have the same composition throughout the
jar. Because the sand is heavier, there’s probably more sand at the bottom of the jar
and more sugar at the top.
Activity 2.2
Classify the following as either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Write HOMO if it is homogeneous and write HETE if it is heterogenous.
1. chunky spaghetti sauce ________________

2. aluminum foil ________________
3. iron ________________
4. black coffee ________________
5. chocolate chip ice cream ________________
Separating Mixtures
Mixtures come in many forms and phases. Most of them can be separated, and
the kind of separation method depends on the kind of mixture it is. Below are some
common separation methods:
1. Paper Chromatography
This method is usually used in the food industry. It is used to recognize
chemicals (coloring agents) in foods or inks. For instance, if a scientist wants to know
how many substances are in a particular blob of ink, paper chromatography can be
used. Below is an illustration of using chromatography to separate and identify the
different chemicals in an ink (mixture).
2. Filtration
This is a more ordinary method of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid.
For example, a mixture of sand and water. Filtration is used in water treatment
plants, where water from rivers is filtered to remove solid particles.
Here is a basic lab setup for filtration:

3. Distillation
Distillation is an effectual method to separate mixtures comprised of two or
more pure liquids. Distillation is a purification process where the components of a
liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated. In easy distillation, a
mixture is heated and the most volatile component vaporizes at the lowest
temperature. The vapor passes through a cooled tube (a condenser), where it
condenses back into its liquid state. The condensate that is collected is called
distillate.
4. Evaporation
Evaporation is the procedure by which water (and other liquids) changes from
a liquid state to a vapor or gas state. Evaporation is substantial for separating a
mixture (solution) of a soluble solid and a solvent. The procedure involves heating
the solution until the solvent evaporates (turns into gas) leaving behind the solid
residue. Here is a simple example involving a mixture of salt and water.
5. Magnetism
Magnetism is perfect for separating mixtures of two solids with one part having
magnetic properties. Some metals like cobalt, nickel, and iron have magnetic
properties while aluminum, silver, and gold do not. Magnetic elements are attracted
to a magnet.

What’s More
Activity 2.3
The above figures show the simple separation techniques. Now, if you have a solution
or mixture of sugar and water. Illustrate on how to separate sugar from water. Make
a set up.
RUBRICS
5 pts. – illustrated and explained well

3 pts. - illustrated but not explained well
0 pt. – no illustration and not explained
What I Have Learned
Activity 2.4
Write the correct word/s to complete the sentence/s.
1. ____________ are substances that are made up of only one kind of particles and
has a fixed or constant structure.
2. An ________ is a pure substance as it cannot be broken down or transformed
into a new substance even by using some physical or chemical means.
3. ___________, on the other hand, are also pure substances when two or more
elements are combined chemically in a fixed ratio.
4. A _________, on the other hand, is impure if it consists of different kinds of
elements combined together physically and not chemically.
5. A _________, sometimes called a solution, is relatively uniform in composition;
every portion of the mixture is like every other portion.
6. A __________ is a mixture whose composition varies from position to position
within the sample.
7. Simple separation techniques such as paper ________, filtration, distillation,
evaporation and magnetism.

What I Can Do
Activity 2.5
As you reflect on the lesson about pure substances and mixture.
Complete the table below with the information needed.
Homogeneous/ Cost
Consumer Product Brand Quality Safety
Heterogeneous (PHP)
1. Alcohol (100 mL)
2. Mayonnaise(100mL)
3. Soysauce (100mL)
4. Shampoo (100mL)
5. Soft drink (100mL)
Assessment
paper.
1. When two or more elements join together chemically, __________.

A. a mixture is formed.
B. a compound is formed.
C. a substance that is the same as the elements is formed.
D. the physical properties of the substances remain the same.
2. In which of the following are particles of two or more substances evenly mixed
so they appear to be a single substance?
A. A mixture
B. A solution
C. A compound
D. An element
3. Which of the following is NOT true of compounds?

A. They do not form randomly.
B. They form after a physical change.
C. They contain two or more elements.
D. They have their own physical properties.
4. An element contains only one kind of _______.

A. particle
B. property
C. protein
D. raw material

5. How is a compound different from a mixture?
A. Compounds have two or more components.
B. Compounds are commonly found in nature.
C. Solids, liquids, and gases can form compounds.
D. Each substance in a compound loses its characteristic properties.
6. When elements form mixtures, the elements ________.

A. keep their original properties.
B. combine in a specific mass ratio.
C. always change their physical state.
D. react to form a new substance with new properties.
7. Which one of the following is a disadvantage of evaporation?

A. It always requires heat
B. All of the solute is recovered
C. The solvent is not recovered
D. It cannot be used for insoluble solids
8. Which of the following is a simple method of separating an insoluble solid from

a liquid?
A. Decantation
B. Distillation
C. Evaporation
D. Filtration
9. Which of the following methods is used to separate the colors in food dyes?
A. Chromatography
B. Decanting
C. evaporation
D. sieving
10. The phenomenon of water being able to rise up a narrow tube is called ______.
A. filtration
B. distillation
C. capillary action
D. chromatography

Additional Activities
Complete the concept map below by filling up the boxes with the appropriate
concepts.
Matter
solid liquid gas
physical methods
1. ______________ 2. _____________
preparing separating
variable individual
constant
composition mixtures composition
components
3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________ 6. _________
Posttest
paper.
1. Which of the following is a physical change?

A. Evaporation
B. Burning
C. Rotting
D. Rusting
2. A technique that separates a mixture based on the individual substance’s

tendency to travel across a surface is called _____.
A. chromatography
B. crystallization
C. distillation
D. filtration
3. Which of the following can be considered as a chemical property of matter?

A. Basicity
B. Density
C. Shape
D. Solubility
4. Other ____of substance, like color, size, and hardness, can be found without
changing the substance into something else.
A. reactivity
B. evaporation
C. physical properties
D. chemical Properties

5. Some solutions, such as salt and water, are separated by which process?
A. Chromatography
B. Crystallization
C. Evaporation
D. Filtration

A. mass
B. matter
C. solubility
D. weight
7. A pure substance always has ______ density when measured under _____
conditions.
A. a different; different
B. a different; the same
C. the same; different
D. the same; the same
8. What is an example of an element?

B. Oxygen (O)
C. Salt (NaCl)
D. Water (H2O)
9. Which of these is best classified as a mixture?

B. Propane (C3H8)
C. Salt (NaCl)
D. water (H2O)
10. Which of the following does NOT signal a chemical change?

A. Color change
B. Change in state
C. Production of gas
D. Production of light and heat
11. The density of an object is a ______.

A. chemical property
B. combustible property
C. physical property
D. reactive property

12. A solution is a type of ______.
A. balance
B. combustibility
C. matter
D. mixture
13. The process used to separate heterogeneous mixtures of solids and liquids is
called _____.
A. chromatography
B. crystallization
C. distillation
D. filtration
14. Which of the following is the best classification of a table salt (NaCl)?
A. Compound
B. Element
C. Mixture
D. Solution
15. Which of the following is a substance that is made up of two chemically

combined elements in a fixed ratio?
A. Compound
B. Element
C. Mixture
D. Solution

What I Have Learned Assessment
1. Matter, atom 1. A
2. Physical properties 2. D
3. Intensive property 3. A
4. Extensive property 4. A
5. Chemical properties 5. B
6. Physical change 6. D
7. Chemical change 7. B
8. A
9. A
10. D
What I Know
1. A 9. C
2. D 10. A
3. B 11. B
4. C 12. D
5. C 13. D
6. A 14. D
7. A 15. B
8. B
Lesson 1
Answer Key
Assessment
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. A
10. B
Activity 2.2
What I Have Learned
1. Pure Substances
2. Element
3. Compound
4. Substance
5. Homogeneous mixture
6. Heterogeneous mixture
7. Chromatography
Lesson 2
References
(1) Created with Hot Potatoes by Half-Baked Software, registered to Michael

O'Leary. "Separation of Mixtures." Home. Accessed July 16, 2020.
https://www.sciencequiz.net/newjcscience/jcchemistry/septechniques/sept
echniques1
(2) Goldberg, David E., 2007. Fundamentals of Chemistry (Fifth Edition), Mc Graw
Hill International Edition: 1-6.
(3) How to Distinguish Pure Substances and Mixtures." Dummies. Last modified
March 26, 2016.
https://www.dummies.com/education/science/chemistry/how-to-
distinguish-pure-substances-and-mixtures/.
(4) Pure Substance." BYJUS. Last modified February 13, 2016.

https://byjus.com/chemistry/pure-substances-and-mixtures/.
(5) What is a Chromatography." Learning Can Be Fun, Free and Fast with
Eschooltoday. Accessed July 16, 2020.
https://www.eschooltoday.com/science/elements-mixtures-
compounds/what-is-paper-chromatography.html.
(6) Wilbraham, Staley, & Matta, Michael C., 1997. Chemistry (Fourth Edition),
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company: 8-16.

Development Team of the Module
Writer: Russel S. Berador (SEHS)
Editors: Reynald Alfred A. Recede (MHS),
Maria Carmina R. Martin (MHS),
Nancy E. Suegay (PSDS)
Reviewer: Jessica S. Mateo (EPS – Science)
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Christine Ann G. Faraon (BNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Jessica S. Mateo
Education Program Supervisor – Science
Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor – Learning Resource Management Section
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Schools Division Office - Marikina City
191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines
Telefax: (02) 8682-2472 / 8682-3989
Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph
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Department of Education

National Capital Region

Writer: Russel S. Berador

City of Good Character

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

After going through this module, you are expected to

1. The density of an object is a ______.

City of Good Character 1

3. Which of the following does NOT signal a chemical change?

6. Which of the following is a substance that is made up of two chemically

7. A technique that separates a mixture based on the individual substance’s

8. What is an example of an element?

2 City of Good Character

10. Which of the following can be considered as a chemical property of matter?

11. Which of the following is a physical change?

12. A solution is a type of ______.

15. All material that takes up space is called ______.

City of Good Character 3

The different types of matter can be distinguished through two components:

4 City of Good Character

To understand the properties of matter, do this activity.

SUBSTANCE SHAPE COLOR

City of Good Character 5

An intensive property is an expand property, means it is a physical property of

Extensive Properties: A physical property that will change if the amount of

1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________

Chemical properties of matter express its "prospective" to undergo some

6 City of Good Character

Chemical change follows in one or more substances of absolutely different

Activity 1.3. Evidences of Chemical Change

Evidence that a chemical change has occurred might include:

During a chemical change energy can be released in the form of:

Give the evidences of chemical change in the following pictures.

City of Good Character 7

Activity 1.4. Changes of Matter

What I Have Learned

Write the correct word/s to complete the sentence/s.

1. __________ can be defined or described as anything that takes up space, and

8 City of Good Character

Which life cycle is most similar to a chemical change? Why?

1. All material that takes up space is called ______.

2. Making skim milk is an example of _____.

City of Good Character 9

6. Which of the following is considered to be a physical property of matter?

7. Density depends on what two measurements of an object?

8. What is a chemical property of matter?

9. Which of the following undergoes physical change?

10. Is it possible to calculate the density of something that is not matter?

10 City of Good Character

Lesson 2 Pure Substances and Mixtures

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Pure Substances and Mixtures

Number 1 is done for you.

12 City of Good Character

1. chunky spaghetti sauce ________________

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14 City of Good Character

5 pts. – illustrated and explained well

What I Have Learned

1. 2. 3. 4.

3. _____ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _____