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Lesson 1
Created Oct 7, 2020

Last read Oct 19, 2020 1217 AM

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Title Global and National Health Situations

Lesson 1. Global and National Health Situations
Learning Outcomes
Global and National Health Situations
Implications and Changes in the Philippine Health System
Public Health
Dr. C.E. Winslow
WHO
Community Health
Public Health Nursing
Standards of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines
Qualifications of a Public Health Nurse:
Functions of a Public Health Nurse:
Community Health Nursing
Goals of Community Health Nurse
Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines
Overview
Health
Determinants of Health
Eco-System Influences on OLOF of Individuals, Families, and Communities
Core Business of Public Health
Essential Public Health Functions
Public Health Nursing
WHO Expert Committee of Nursing
Ruth B. Freeman
Jacobson
Lillian Wald
Natnl League of Ph gov't
Timeline of Evolution

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 Lesson 1. Global and National Health
Situations
Learning Outcomes
 Define the relevant terms of the concepts in the overview of public health
nursing.

 Demonstrate understanding on the standards of public health nursing and

the evolution of public health nursing in the Philippines.

Global and National Health Situations

Implications and Changes in the Philippine Health System
a. Existing and emerging environmental hazards some associated with
globalization.
b. Health reforms.

c. New technologies for health care, communication and information.

d. Shifts in demographic and epidemiological trends in diseases, including the

emergence and re-emergence of new diseases and in the prevalence of risk
and protective factors.

Public Health
Dr. C.E.
the science and art of preventing disease,
Winslow
prolonging life, promoting health and
efficiency, through organized community effort
for the sanitation of the environment,

control of communicable diseases, the education of

individuals in personal hygiene, the organization of
medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis
and preventive treatment of disease, and the

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 development of the social machinery to ensure
everyone a standards of living adequate for the
maintenance of health, so organizing these benefits
as to enable every citizen to realize his birthright of
health and longevity

WHO
an art of applying science in the context of
policies so as to reduce inequalities in health
while ensuring the best health for the greatest
number

Community Health

focuses on how factors such as socioeconomic hardship and cultural

standards affect overall health.

Philippines setting: Public health nursing is a subspecialty nursing practice

generally delivered within "official" or governmental agencies.

Public Health Nursing

ANA, 1996

the practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using

knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences.

Standards of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines

developed on 2005 by the National League of Philippine Government Nurses

Qualifications of a Public Health Nurse:

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  Must be professionally qualified and licensed to practice in the area of
public health nursing.

 Must possess personal qualities and "people skills" that would allow her
practice to make a difference in the lives of these people.

 Functions in accordance with the dominant values of public health nurses,

within the ethico-legal framework of the nursing profession, and in
accordance with the needs of the clients and available resources for health
care.

Functions of a Public Health Nurse:

Management Function

to lead and manage

Executes 5 management functions: (P O S D C)

 planning

 organizing

 staffing

 directing

 controlling

Program management

responsible for the delivery of the package of services provided by the

program to target clientele

Supervisory Function

formulates supervisory plan and conducts supervisory visits to

implement plan

supervises midwives and other auxiliary health workers

Health Promotion and Education Function

provides client with information that allows them to make healthier

choices and practices

understands that health is determined by various factors such as

physical and political environment, socio-economic status, personal-

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 coping skills and many other circumstances.

Collaborating & Coordinating Function

brings activities or group activities systematically into proper relation

or harmony with each other.

Care coordinators for communities and their members.

Establishes linkages and collaborative relationships with each other

health professionals (gov't, private sector, NGOs)

Nursing Function

Caring for individuals, families, communities toward health promotion

and disease prevention.

Home visits and and referral of patients to appropriate levels of care.

Community Health Nursing

ANA, 1980

synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice applied to

promoting and preserving the health of populations

a community health nurse directs care to individuals, families, or groups,

which contributes to the health of the total population.

broader and more general specialty area...

... encompasses subspecialties that include public health nursing, school
nursing, occupational heal nursing, and other developing fields of practice,
such as home health, hospice care, and independent nurse practice.

Goals of Community Health Nurse

to assist the individual, family, and community in attaining their highest
level of holistic health which is attained through multidisciplinary effort

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 to promote reciprocally supportive relationship between people and their
physical and social environment

Evolution of Public Health Nursing in the

Philippines
Overview
Health
WHO

💡 state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.

Determinants of Health
WHO

A person's health is determined by his circumstances and environment.

It is inappropriate to blame or credit the person's state of health to

himself alone because he is unlikely able to directly control many of these
factors

Important to effectively promote health and prevent illnesses

 Income and social status. Higher incomes and social status = better
health.

 Education. Low education level = poor health, stress and lower

confidence.

 Physical environment. Safe water, clean air, healthy workplaces, safe

houses, communities and roads = good health.

 Employment and working conditions. Employed = healthier.

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  Social support networks. Greater support from families, friends,
communities = better health

 Culture. Customs, traditions, beliefs all affect health.

 Genetics. Inheritance determines lifespan, healthiness and likelihood of

developing certain illnesses.

 Personal behavior and coping skills. Balanced eating, keeping active,

smoking, drinking, and how we deal with challenges affect health.

 Health services. Access and use of services that prevent and treat disease
influence health.

 Gender. Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at
different ages.

Eco-System Influences on OLOF of Individuals, Families, and

Communities
 Political - safety, oppression, people empowerment

 Behavior - culture, habits, mores, ethnic customs

 Heredity - generic endowment: defects, strengths,risks; familial; ethnic;

racial

 Health care delivery system - promotive, preventive, curative,

rehabilitative

 Environment - air, food, water waste, urban/rural, noise, radiation,

pollution

 Socio economic - employment, education, housing

Core Business of Public Health

 Disease control

 Injury prevention

 Health protection

 Healthy public policy

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  Promotion of health and equitable health gain

Essential Public Health Functions

Yach

a set of fundamental activities that address the determinants of health, protect

a population's health and treat disease...

 Health situation monitoring and analysis

 Epidemiological surveillance/disease prevention and control

 Development of policies and planning in public

 Strategic management of health systems and services for population gain

 Regulation and enforcement to protect public health

 Human resources development and planning in public health

 Health promotion, social participation and empowerment

 Ensuring the quality of personal and population based health services

 Research, development and implementation of innovative public health

solutions

Public Health Nursing

WHO Expert
a special field of nursing that combines the
Committee of
skills of nursing, public health and some phases
Nursing
of social assistance and functions as part of
the total health program for the promotion of
health, the improvement of the conditions in
the social and physical environment,
rehabilitation of illness and disability

Ruth B.
a service rendered by a professional nurse to

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 a service rendered by a professional nurse to
Freeman
IFCs, population groups in health centers,
clinics, schools, workplace for the promotion
of health, prevention of illness, care of the sick
at home and rehabilitation

Jacobson
nursing practice in a wide variety of
community services and consumer advocate
areas, and in a variety of roles, at times
including independent practice... community
nursing is certainly not confined to public
health nursing agencies

Lillian Wald
coined the term "public health nurse" and
became associated with "public" or
government agencies and in turn with the care
of the poor people

practice of nursing in national and local government

Natnl League
health departments (which includes health centers and
of Ph gov't
rural health units), and public schools. It is community
health nursing practiced in the public sector.

Public Health Nurses¹

nurses in the local/national health departments or public schools whether their

official position title is Public Health Nurse or Nurse or school nurse

What differs public health nursing and community health nursing

one are: setting of work as dictated by funding

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 Timeline of Evolution
Timeline of Evolution

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