Cve172008 Hydrology

ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY CVE 172006
1. ________ is used to find out maximum probable flood at proposed sites e.g. Dams.
a) Hydrogeology
b) Geohydrology
c) Hydrology
d) Hydrography
2. _________is an indispensable tool in planning and building hydraulic structures.
a) Hydraulics
b) Geology
c) Hydrology
d) Hydrography
3. Hydrological equations are used to design _________.
a) Dams
b) Reservoirs
c) Both a and b
d) None of them
4. ______capacity can be determined accurately by hydrology.
a) Reservoir
b) River
c) Ocean
d) Turbine
5. Determination of Water yield from a basin is done by ______________.
a) Geology
b) Surveying
c) Hydrology
d) Hydraulics
6. Engineering Hydrology is used to calculate _________________.
a) rainfall
b) surface runoff
c) precipitation
d) All of them
7. Engineering Hydrology is used for ________________.
a) Hydropower generation
b) Flood Control
c) Both a and b
d) None of above
8. Engineering Hydrology brings measures to control ____________.
a) Erosion
b) Sediments
c) Flood
1 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

d) All of them
9. Fish and Wild life protection comes under ___________.
a) Transport Engineering
b) Hydrology
c) Geotechnical Engineering
d) Structural Engineering
10. Engineering Hydrology provides guidance for _____________.
a) Irrigation
b) Drainage
c) Salinity Control
d) All of them
11. Total quantity of water in the world is estimated to be about _______ million cubic
kilometers
a) 1384
b) 1386
c) 1486
d) 1586
12. Catchment area is also called

a) reservoir
b) run off
c) reservoir basin
d) none of these
13. When run off enters the stream channel the it becomes
a) catchment
b) Stream flow
c) reservoir
d) All of these
14 The process of hydrological cycle is _______

a) Continuous
b) Discontinuous
c) Either continuous or discontinuous
d) non

15. In terms of rainfall run off equation becomes _________

a) R = P + L
b) R = P - L
c) P = R + L
d) P = R - L
16. Each year the rivers of the world discharge about ________ km3 of water into ocean
a) 43,700
b) 44,700
c) 45,700
d) 46,700
17. Hydrology finds its greatest application in the design and operation of water resources
engineering project, such as those for
a) Irrigation
b) Water supply
c) Flood control
d) All of these
18. Many important projects in the past have failed due to improper assessment of the
________factors
a) Design
b) Geological
c) Hydrological
d) none
19. The data normally required for the study of hydrological cycle are
a) Weather record
b) Precipitation data
c) Stream flow record
d) All of above
20. A convenient starting point to describe the cycle is in the______
a) Lakes
b) Oceans
c) reservoirs
d) Rivers
21.Hydrology means
a) Science of water
b) Science of air

c) Science of atmosphere
d) All of these
22.The constant circulation of water supply from earth to atmosphere and back to it is called
a) Hydrological science
b) Hydrological cycle
c) Hydrograph
d) None
23.What hydrologists do
a) Water use
b) Water control
c) Pollution control
d) All of these
24.The practical application of Hydrology is called
a) Practical hydrology
b) Working hydrology
c) Applied hydrology
d) All of these
25.Hydrology concern with
a) Surface water
b) Ground water
c) Atmospheric water
d) All of these
26.How much earth’s water is saline
a) 60%
b) 90%
c) 97%
d) 50%
27.How much earth’s water is fresh
a) 2%
b) 5%
c) 3%
d) 50%
28.Where is the most earth water stored today

a) Rivers and lakes

b) Oceans
c) Polar ice sheets
d) Ground water
29.Hydrological equation is used for describe
a) Rainfall time
b) Speed of water
c) Flow of water
d) None
30.The amount of water on earth is
a) Constantly changing
b) Decreasing
c) Increasing
d) Always the same
31Which of the following is not related to engineering hydrology?

A- Estimation of water resources
B- Study the problems of flood
C- Study process of precipitation
D- Study of fluid in rest or motion
32 Hydrological analysis of a development area involves:

A- Historical rainfall data
B- Land usage type
C- Terrain of the ground
D- All of these
33 Most of the present day science of hydrology is developed since:

A- 1950
B- 1930
C- 1940
D- 1970
34 The ---- of hydrological data is an important component of present day hydrological studies:
A- Groundwater characteristics
B- Probability analysis
C- Physical and geological characteristics
D- Stream flow records

35 Which are the key aspects of hydrology from an engineering perspective?

A- Occurrence, timing and amount
B- Occurrence, analyzing and amount
C- Timing and estimation
D- Estimating, quantity and timing
36 Hydrological problems are created due to:

A- Lack/excess of water
B- Groundwater
C- Improper estimation
D- All of these
37 Engineering hydrology enables us to find out the relationship between:

A- Ground water resources and stream flow
B- Catchment’s surface water and ground water resources
C- Precipitation and runoff
D- All of these
38 Hydrology is an indispensable tool in planning and building:

A- Hydraulic structures
B- Railway structures
C- Bridges
D- All of these
39 Which of the following are designed on the basis of hydrological equations?

A- Dam construction
B- Reservoir capacity
C- Spillway capacity
D- All of these
40 We can also utilize the knowledge on hydrology for other resources such as:
A- Oil and gas
B- Drainage system
C- Port management
D- None of these
41 Seepage through foundation in an earthen dam is controlled by

providing___________________?

A rock toe
B. horizontal blanket
C. impervious cut off
D. chimney drain
42 Which of the following spillways is least suitable for an earthen dam ?
A ogee spillway
B. chute spillway
C. side channel spillway
D. shaft spillway
43 In a chute spillway, the flow is usually____________________?

A uniform
B. subcritical
C. critical
D. super critical
44 If there are two canals taking off from each flank of a river, then there will
be____________________?
A one divide wall and one undersluice

B. one divide wall and two undersluices
C. two divide walls and one undersluice
D. two divide walls and two undersluices
45 The main function of a divide wall is to_______________?
A control the silt entry in the canal

B. prevent river floods from entering the canal
C. separate the undersluices from weir proper
D. provide smooth flow at sufficiently low velocity
46 As compared to crest of the normal portion of the weir, the crest of the under sluice portion
of weir is kept at_____________?
Alower level
B. higher level
C. same level
D. any of the above depending on the design
47 According to Khosla’s theory, the exit gradient in the absence of a downstream cutoff
is_____________?

A 0
B. unity
C. infinity
D. very large
48 The ratio of average values of shear stresses produced on the bed and the banks of a
channel due to flowing water is________________?
A less than 1
B. equal to 1
C. greater than 1
D. equal to zero
49 As per Lacey’s theory, the silt factor is_________________?
A directly proportional to average par¬ticle size

B. inversely proportional to average par¬ticle size
C. directly proportional to square root of average particle size
D. not related to average particle size
50 Which of the following canal structures is used to remove surplus water from an irrigation
channel into a natural drain ?
A canal fall
B. canal outlet
C. canal escape
D. canal regulator
51 Irrigation system in Pakistan is such largest system in the world.

(a) 1st
(b) 2nd
(c) 3rd
(d) 4th
52 Total irrigated area in million acres in Pakistan is.

(a) 23
(b) 33
(c) 43
(d) 52
53. Main sources of water for irrigation is .

(a) Rainfall
(b) rivers
(c) Oceans
(d) springs
54. Dams are not constructed in the following regions

(a) mountains
(b) submountainous
(c) Alluvial
(d) none of these
55 indus basin pact was signed in .

(a) 1947
(b) 1965
(c) 1960
(d) 1996
56. Total amount of flow of all river of Pakistan in million acres foot is.
(a) 100
(b) 120
(c) 140
(d) 150
57. Numbers of barrages constructed in Pakistan under indus basin treaty.
(a) 6
(b) 8
(c) 9
(d) 11
58. Number off taking canal from sukhar barrage.

(a) 7
(b) 5
(c) 8
(d) 9
(59) height of mangla dam I meters is

(a) 100.6
(b) 150.6

(c) 190.6
(d) 105.54
(60) For drinking purpose water id usually collected from,

(a) surface water
(b) sub surface water
(c) rain water
(d) a and b both
61 The water used to grow fresh procedure and sustain live stock is called?
A) Domestic water
B) Agriculture water
C) Industrial water
D) All
62 Where does agriculture water comes from?
A) Surface water
B) Open canals
C) Ground water
D) All
63 What is the big source of water supply in Pakistan for agriculture?
A) Tube well
B) Rain
C) Canal
D) All
64 How many irrigated agriculture represents in cultivation?
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 60%
65 Surface water of Pakistan depends upon?
A) Rain
B) Glacier
C) Indus River
D) All
66 What is the present demand of water in Pakistan?
A) 1100 cubic meter
B) 1200 cubic meter
C) 1300 cubic meter

D) 1400 cubic meter
67 What is the drainage area of Indus River in Pakistan?
A) 926000 sq. KM
B) 936000 sq. KM
C) 956000 sq. KM
D) 966000 sq. KM
68 How much Idus River provides the river flow in agriculture?
A) 60%
B) 63%
C) 65%
D) 70%
69 The most common resources of water for irrigation includes?
A) Surface water
B) Ground water
C) Both A and B
D) None of these
70 Artifial method by which saline water is converted into fresh water is called?
A) Desalination
B) Precipitation
C) Disinfaction
D) None
71) Mostly water used in Pakistan for________.
a) Irrigation
b) Household
c) Industrial
d) Drinking
72) Water is essential for_______.

a) Power generation
b) Plants and animals
c) Household purpose
d) All of these

73) Pakistan ________ system is famous all over the world.

a) Glaciers
b) Canal
c) Lake
d) Dams
74) Biggest source of storage of water is ________.

a) Dam
b) Barrage
c) Both
d) None
75) Largest dam of Pakistan is _________.

a) Mangla
b) Tarbela
c) Bunji
d) kala bagh
76) Mostly rivers fall in ________.

a) Ocean
b) Never fall
c) Both
d) None
77) Number of rivers in Pakistan________.

a) 4
b) 5

c) 6
d) 7
78) Number of dams in Pakistan________.

a) 120
b) 130
c) 140
d) 150
79) Main source of water in Pakistan______.

a) Rainfall
b) Ground water
c) Reservoir
d) Lake
80) Smallest river of Pakistan________.

A) Sindh
b) Chanab
c) Ravi
d) Satluj
81 The higher level of floods and droughts are led by

a) sand storms
b) lower precipitation
c) higher precipitation
d) none of the above
82 The careful management of water catchment areas results in

a) more desertification
b) more deforestation
c) less waste of water
d) more waste of water
83 The purification and removal of bacteria, solid materials and other impurities from
used water is classified as
a) distillation
b) cloud seeding
c) reclamation
d) membrane filtration
84 The percentage of Earth surface which is covered by oceans and seas is

a) 50%
b) 65%
c) 85%
d) 97%
85 The percentage of surface of Earth which is covered by water is

a) 70%
b) 85%
c) 90%
d) 60%
86 The hydraulic structures like dams, barrages constructed on permeable foundations

are likely to fail due to
a) Piping
b) B. Sliding
c) C. Crushing
d) D. All the above
87 The meandering pattern of a river is developed by

a) Maximum discharge
b) Dominant discharge
c) Average discharge
d) Critical discharge

88 For a flood control reservoir, the effective storage is equal to

a) Useful storage + surcharge storage
b) Useful storage — valley storage
c) Useful storage + surcharge storage
d) Useful storage + surcharge storage -valley storage
89 The flow in the river due to the floods may be classified as

a) Stream line flow
b) Laminar flow
c) Irrotational flow
d) Turbulent flow
90 An impermeable Formation which neither contains water nor transmits water nor
maybe called……
a) Aquifuge
b) Aquiclude
c) Aquifer
d) Confined-aquifer
91 The level above the or below the sea level which is also called zero level or datum is
called ___________________?
a) Reduce level
b) Positive level
c) Soil level
d) Negative level
92 The losses of irrigation water due to the seepage but That. does not join the under ground
reservoir is called __________________?
a) Seepage losses
b) Absorption losses
c) Evaporation losses
d) Percolation losses
93 __________% of total global water is saline and available in oceans ?

a) 95%
b) 96%
c) 97%
d) 97.5%
94 The weight per unit of liquid at standard Temperature and pressure is

called___________________?
a) Specific weight

b) Mass weight
c) Mass density
d) Capillary rise is significant
95 The falling drop of rainwater become spherical due to _________________?

a) Surface Tension
b) Compressibility
c) Capillary
d) None of these
96 A flow in which velocity of water particles is same at all sections is called

____________________?
a) Steady flow
b) Uniform flow
c) Compressible flow
d) Laminar flow
97 A channel is said to be of most economical cross section, for a given cross-sectional area
and bed slope when it __________________?
a) Gives max. Discharge
b) Has minimum wetted perimeter
c) Involves lesser excavation
d) All of these
98 if the depth of water in an open channel is greater than the critical depth, the flow is
called________________?
a) Critical depth
b) Non-critical flow
c) Sub-critical flow
d) Shooting flow
99 A watershed canal __________________?

a) Irrigates only on one side
b) Avoids the cross drainage works
c) Is generally aligned parallel to the contour of the area
d) Is most suitable in hilly areas
100 Weep holes are provided in canal lining to _____________________?

a) improve strength of lining
b) Give additional anchorage against sliding
c) Provide water into branch canals
d) Have drainage facility

101 The percentage of freshwater stored on Earth's surface in the form of

groundwater is
a) 20%
b) 30%
c) 28%
d) 35%
102 If the trees are cut down then the result will be
a) decreased transpiration
b) increased transpiration
c) decreased pollution
d) decreased floods
103 The examples of water catchment area includes

a) underground aquifer
b) reservoir
c) river system
d) all of above
104 The examples of water catchment area includes

a) underground aquifer
b) reservoir
c) river system
d) all of above
105 The percentage of Earth surface which is covered by freshwater is

a) 8%
b) 3%
c) 13%
d) 8%
106 The way of removing salt from seawater is classified as

a) forestation
b) desalination
c) desertification
d) reclamation
107 The regions that receive high level of rainfall are

a) desert regions
b) Brazilian regions
c) tropical regions

d) Caribbean regions
108 The percentage of freshwater stored on Earth's surface in the form of streams,
rivers and lakes is
a) 10%
b) 8%
c) 5%
d) 1%
109 The outcomes of contaminated rainwater is

a) acid rains
b) floods
c) droughts
d) sand storms
110 The supplies of freshwater is reduced by

a) air pollution
b) water pollution
c) noise pollution
d) both a and c
111 vCultivation made on small plane steps because of more steepness of the area is
called ________________?
a) Cascade farming
b) Terrace farming
c) Step farming
d) All are correct
112 The law that states that the discharge of sub-soil water is directly proportional
to the loss of head and the area of soil sample and inversely proportional to to the
length of soil sample ___________________?
a) Archimed’s principle
b) Darcy’s law
c) Permeability law
d) Thiem’s law
113 The contour of equal water heads and pressure in the soil mass beneath
retaining structure are called___________________?
a) Stream lines
b) Equipotential lines
c) Equilibrium lines
d) Streak lines

114 The minimum moisture content at which a water drop if placed on a smooth
surface of soil will not be absorbed immediately by the soil is called
__________________?
a) Soil moisture content
b) Moisture content
c) Soil saturation
d) All are correct
115 The height from the top of the embankment to the normal water level in
canal .Dam – Reservoir etc, which allows for small waves to splash without over
flow is called___________________?
a) Free board
b) Free space
c) Free faced
d) Free end –
116 A dam which is prevented from overturning by the action of lateral or vertical
up thrust of water by its weight is called __________________?
a) Gravity dam
b) Arch dam
c) Buttress dam
d) Coffer dam
117 The formula used to calculate maximum flood discharge for a hilly ()
is_______________?
a) Dicken’s formula
b) Ryve’s formula
c) Nawab Jung Bahadur All formula
d) Inglis formula
118 A fluid is a substance that ____________________?

a) Always expands until it fills any container
b) Is partially incompressible
c) Can not remain at rest under the action of any shear force
d) Can not be subjected to shear force
119 Cavitation is caused by _____________________?

a) High velocity
b) Low discharge

c) Low pressure
d) High pressure
120 The velocity in a large canal or channel measured at a depth of

___________________ gives the mean velocity using the current meter?
a) 0.6m
b) 0.5m
c) 0.6 depth
d) 0.5 depth
131 The point at which gases turn in to liquid is called its
A. peak point
B. dew point
C. converting point
D. equilibrium point
132 The amount of water vapor in air is regarded as
A. water vapor
B. humidity
C. mildness
D. pressure
133 The factor influencing humidity includes
A. water
B. temperature
C. pressure
D. osmosis
134 The comparative ration between humidity of certain area with the maximum limit is
called
A. relative strength
B. relative humidity
C. ultra humidity
D. mild humidity
135 The instrument used to measure humidity is the
A. barometer

B. thermometer
C. psycho meter
D. spring meter
136. The most common way for air to be cooled in order that a cloud may form is by
a) emitting radiation
b) rising and expanding
c) sinking and contracting
d) reflecting radiation
137 . Why do clouds represent a source of heat for the atmosphere?
a) they increase the absorption of solar radiation

b) they conduct heat from the earth's surface
c) cloud formation releases latent heat to the air
d) melting ice crystals in the cloud absorb heat
138 . The important difference between liquid droplets and ice crystals in a supercooled
cloud is that ice crystals
a) are more pure

b) are smaller
c) increase the water vapor content of the cloud
d) grow much more rapidly
139 . The cloud droplets in a cloud are formed by water vapor molecules and
a) molecules of air
b) other water vapor molecules
c) hygroscopoic nuclei
d) protons
140. Inside of a cloud, how do the air temperature and the dew point compare to one another?
a) they are equal

b) air temperature exceeds dew point
c) dew point exceeds air temperature
d) there is no consistent relationship
141. Hygroscopoic nuclei may be formed from
a) particles of dust
b) nitric acid particles

c) smoke from forest fires

d) salt crystals from the ocean
e) all of the above
142 . Clouds and precipitation form in the air primarily due to
a) moisture being added to the air

b) air being cooled as it rises
c) excessive numbers of hygroscopoic nuclei
d) release of latent heat
e) absorption of infrared radiation
143 The process by which a cloud droplet first forms is
a) condensation
b) evaporation
c) precipitation
d) collision and coalescence
e) supercooling
144 Freezing rain (ice storm) or sleet occurs when
a) upper air is cold and surface air is warm

b) both surface and upper air are cold
c) both surface and upper air are warm
d) upper air is warm and surface air is cold
145 A cumulus cloud is recognized mainly by its
a) obvious vertical dimension

b) darkness or color
c) precipitation
d) layered structure
e) association with high winds
146 . Clouds are classified and named according to their altitude and

a) water content
b) temperature
c) size of droplets in the cloud
d) form or appearance
e) amount of precipitation produced
147 . "Anvil head" is a term applied to:
a) cumulonimbus clouds
b) any high cloud
c) nimbostratus clouds
d) all clouds that form on the windward side of mountains
e) none of these
148 . This method of frost prevention relies heavily on the release of latent heat of fusion:
a) orchard heaters
b) sprinklers
c) smudge pots
d) wind machines
e) all of these
149 . Cloud seeding with silver iodide is based on the
a) Bergeron process
b) collision-coalescence process
c) both a and b
d) none of these
150 . The air mass type most likely to form thunderstorms is:
a) mT
b) mP
c) cT
d) cA
e) none of these

151 . An air mass is a body of air with
a) equal density throughout

b) similar values of temperature and moisture in the horizontal
c) very high pressure everywhere
d) at least two frontal zones
e) very low humidity in its lower layers
152 . Why are maritime air masses from the north Atlantic of only limited concern for
weather in the U.S.?
a) they never cause severe storms

b) prevailing winds move them away from the U.S.
c) temperatures are usually mild over this region
d) polar fronts block these air masses from the U.S.
e) question is incorrect; these air masses are very important
153 . Characteristics of an air mass source region include
a) sharp temperature contrasts

b) high elevation
c) uniformity of temperature and moisture
d) jet stream winds aloft
154 . An air mass is often modified as it moves over the earth's surface. This modification is
largely due to
a) jet streams above

b) clouds
c) strong pressure gradients
d) lifting along fronts
e) contact with the ground below
155 . A cT air mass is:
a) cold and dry

b) cold and humid
c) warm and dry

d) warm and humid

e) none of these
156 . An mP air mass is:
a) dry and cold

b) humid and cold
c) dry and warm
d) humid and warm
e) none of these
157 . The air masses that have the greatest influence on weather conditions in the
Midwestern United States are:
a) cP and mT
b) mP and cP
c) cT and cP
d) mP and mT
e) mT and cT
158 . A warm front is said to exist when:
a) warm and cold air meet

b) invading cold air pushes underneath warmer air
c) moving cold air overrides warmer air
d) advancing warm air overrides retreating cold air
e) warm air pushes underneath cold air
159 . The lifting of air and the resulting formation of clouds and rain is more gentle
(gradual) for a:
a) warm front
b) cold front
c) mesocyclone
d) occluded front
e) divergence zone
160 . The approximate lifetime of a wave cyclone is:

a) a month
b) 10 - 24 hours
c) 1 - 2 days
d) a few days to a week
e) 10 - 14 days
161. Why is the number and intensity of wave cyclones greatest during the late fall, winter
and spring months?
a) air is drier then

b) density of the air is greatest
c) temperature contrasts are greater
d) temperatures are below freezing
e) meteorologists don't know
162 . After a cold front passes, which of these does not usually occur?
a) marked temperature drop

b) wind direction shift
c) clearing skies
d) drop in relative humidity
e) falling barometer
163 The development of major winter storms in the midwest depends strongly on:
a) wind speed near the surface

b) wind speed aloft
c) amount of snow already on the ground
d) air mass contrasts
e) rainfall amounts during the previous fall
164 . Which of these is common to both cold and warm fronts?
a) light to calm winds

b) lifting of warm air over cold
c) decreasing precipitation rates

d) divergence of surface winds

e) steady barometer readings
165 . Compared to other types of fronts, the weather associated with a cold front usually:
a) covers more area

b) is less violent but of longer duration
c) involves less precipitation
d) is more violent but of shorter duration
e) does not involve thunderstorms
166 . Another common term for the wave cyclone is:
a) tropical cyclone
b) anticyclone
c) polar-front cyclone
d) intertropical convergence zone
e) none of these
167 . On a weather map, _____ fronts are shown with triangular points on one side of the
front and semicircles on the other.
a) warm
b) cold
c) occluded
d) stationary
168 . Over the last 20 years, which of these has caused the fewest weather related deaths in
the U.S.?
a) lightning
b) floods
c) tornadoes
d) hurricanes
169 What causes the dissipating stage of a thunderstorm?
a) spreading downdraft cuts off air inflow

b) release of latent heat within the cloud

c) converging surface winds
d) converging winds aloft
e) loss of radiant energy from cloud top
170 . Why is strong heating of the ground by the sun associated with thunderstorms?
a) leads to greater instability

b) reduces the relative humidity
c) reduces the dew point
d) increases the pressure gradient
e) increases the wind speed
171 .. A rainfall with an intensity of 5mm/h is classified as…
A) Traces
B) Light rain
C) Moderate rain
D) Heavy rain
172 Interception losses are due to

(i) Evaporation
(ii) Transpiration
(iii) Stream flow
(iv) i & ii
173 The correct answer is

(A) Only (i)
(B) (i) and (ii)
(C) (ii) and (iii)
(D) (i), (ii) and (iii)

174 From the pattern of the rainfall shown in the below figure, the total precipitation is
Water Resources Engineering Objective Questions - Set 04

(A) 4 cm
(B) 4.5 cm
(C) 5 cm
(D) 5.5 cm
175 Infiltration capacity of soil depends upon
(A) Number of voids present in the soil

(B) Shape and size of soil particles
(C) Arrangement of soil particles
(D) All the above
176 The rainfall at any place is described by

(A) Its intensity

(B) Its duration
(C) Its frequency
(D) All the above
177 Izzard formula for the time of concentration in minutes for the plots having no
channels, is (where Lo is the length of overland flow in metres and Kp rainfall intensity
in cm/hour)
(A) T = 111 b. L01/3/(Kp)2/3

(B) T = 222 b. L01/2/(Kp)1/3
(C) T = 333 b. L01/Kp
(D) T = 111 b. L01/3/(Kp)2/5
178 The run off a drainage basin is

(A) Initial recharge + ground water accretion + precipitation
(B) Precipitation + ground water accretion + initial recharge
(C) Precipitation - ground water accretion + initial recharge
(D) Precipitation - ground water accretion - initial recharge\
179 The surface run off is due to

(A) Initial rain
(B) Residual rain
(C) Rain in the net supply interval
(D) All the above
180 The main factor which affects the infiltration capacity, is

(A)Thickness of saturated layer
(B Depth of surface detention

(C) Soil moisture

(D) All the above
181 The runoff is affected by
(A) Type of precipitation
(B) Rain intensity and duration of rainfall
(C) Rain distribution and soil moisture deficiency
(D) All the above
182 Pettis formula Q = C (P.B)5/4 cumecs, is based upon
(A) Rainfall and drainage area

(B) Run off and drainage area
(C) Drainage area and its shape
(D) Drainage area
183 The annual rainfall at any given station varies from _________
a) month to month
b) weekly basis
c) year to Year
d) quarterly
184. Intensity of rainfall is measured by___________
a) Continuously recording gauge

b) Anemometer
c) Hydrometer
d) Seismometer
185 The relation between the area of rainstorm and its average intensity is used in
assessing _________
a) Amount of water
b) Amount of rain
c) Amount of wind
d) Amount of duration of rain

186 . The intensity of rainfall is given by ______

a) I = R/(T+C)
b) I = R/(T×C)
c) I = (T×C)/R
d) I = (T+R)/C
187 In what way are all the precipitations measured?
a) Vertical depth
b) Horizontal area
c) Width of area
d) At slope
188 . How many types of rain gauges are there?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
189 . Movement and filtering of fluid from porous material is called as __________
a) Percolation
b) Infiltration
c) Transpiration
d) Precipitation
190 . Where are funnel and receiver in Non-recording type placed?
a) Inside a Metal case
b) On top of the equipment
c) Below the base of equipment
d) In between the metal case
191 . The drum situated in recording type makes one rotation for how many hours?
a) 4 hours
b) 24 hours
c) 6 hours
d) 12 hours
192 . Which gauge gives the permanent record of rainfall?
a) Recording gauge
b) Non-recoding gauge
c) Copper daily gauge
d) Plastic gauge
193. Precipitation is opposite of what separation technique?
a) Distillation
b) Solution crystallization

c) Melt crystallization
d) Zone melting
194 . Precipitation is applicable for what types of solutes?

a) Insoluble
b) Soluble
c) Sparingly soluble
d) Both insoluble and soluble
195. Precipitation is usually expressed in which of the following units
a) ml
b) mm
c) ml/g
d) mg
196. Which of the following is not a form of precipitation
a) Rain
b) Snow
c) Hail
d) Dew
197. Water falling on Earth in any form is called
a) atmosphere
b) precipitation
c) climate
d) weather
198. When a form water falls from the clouds back down to Earth it is called
a) Evaporation
b) condensation
c) Snow
d) precipitation
199. Which is the most common form of precipitation
a) Rain
b) Snow
c) Hail
d) Humidity
200. The area which determine the temperature and moisture of air mass is called
a) source region
b) complex zone
c) air region
d) mass region

201. Hails are the falling of

a) water
b) lumps
c) vapors
d) rain
202. The seasonality of precipitation is affected by the seasonal movement of global
and regional
a) wind system
b) pressure system
c) cyclonic system
d) none of these
201 ; The constant movement of water between the earth and the atmosphere is
called …….
(A) water cycle
(B) Precipitation
(C) Humidity
(D) Sleet
202 ; The Rain shadow effect is associated with …..
(A) Cyclonic rain fall

(B) Orographic rainfall
(C) Convectional rainfall
(D) Front rainfall
203 ; The water reach the earth from the atmosphere is called….
(A) Evaporation
(B) Infiltration
(C) Precipitation
(D) None of them
204 ;The water drops of size larger than ….
(A) 1 mm to 0.3mm
(B) 0.5mm to 6mm

(c) 0.3mm to 0.4mm

(D) 0.3 mm to 5mm
205 ; Which types of precipitation ….

(A) Hail
(B) Sleet
(C) Snow
(D) Rain
(E) All of them
206 ; Which of the following is always present when orographic uplift occurs…
(A) Mountains
(B) Lakes
(C) Cold front
(D) Dry expanses on land
207 ; measure the amount of water vapour in the air is called …..
(A) Evaporation
(B) Precipitation
(C) Condensation
(D) Humidity
208 The magnitude of precipitation varies with…
(A) Time to length
(B) Time to space
(C) None of these
(D) Both A and B
209 When the precipitation come down to the earth in the liquid from, it is called …...
(A) Cloud
(B) Snow
(C) Rain

(D) None of these
210; Frontal rain is caused by …..

(A) Convectional current
(B) Wind from sea
(C) Cyclonic Activity
(D) Condensation of water evaporated from mountain……..
211.Chemical that is found to be most suitable as water evaporation inhibitor is to:
A. Methyl alcohol
B. Ethyl alcohol
C. Acetyl alcohol
D. All are correct
212 Evapotranspiration is confined:
A. Day time
B. Night time
C. Both(a) and (b)
D. None of these
213 Which method is used for estimation of evaporation?
A. Water budget method

B. Energy balance method

C. Mass transfer method

D. All are correct
214 .Lysimeter is used to measure:
A. Evaporation
B. Evapotranspiration
C. Atmospheric pressure
D. None of these
215 The lines on a map through places having equal depth of evapotranspiration is called:
A. Isohyets
B. Isobar
C. Isopleths
D. None of these
216 Infiltration is measured by the:
A. Infiltrometer
B. Evaporimeter
C. Hydrometer
D. None of these
217 The average infiltration rate is called:
A. Infiltration capacity

B. Infiltration index
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of these
218 The science which deal with the measurement of flow is known as:
A. Hydro-meteorology
B. Hydrometry
C. Hypsometry
D. None of these
219 Settlement of an embankent depends on:
A. Void ratio
B. Density of soil
C. Water viscosity
D. All are correct
220 A hydrograph is a plot of:
A. Stream discharge against time

B. Rainfall intensity against time
C. Cumulative run off against time
D. Cumulative rain fall vs time
221 Direct run off is made up of:

A. Overland flow
B. Surface runoff and prompt inter flow
C. Surface runoff and infiltration
D. Rainfall and evapotranspiration
222 . Where is most water found on Earth?

A. in glaciers
B. in lakes
C. in rivers
D. in oceans
223 What source of energy evaporates the most water from Earth’s surface?
A. volcanoes
B. the sun
C. lightning
D. wind
224 . What is water doing when it is changed to water vapor?
A. evaporating
B. condensing
C. precipitating
D. freezing
225 . What is water vapor doing when it changes to water?

A. evaporating
B. condensing
C. precipitating

D. freezing
226 . What controls whether water is a gas, liquid or solid ice?

A. the shape or size of the cup
B. where it has been stored
C. if it is being used for irrigation
D. what its temperature is
227 Where does condensation occur in the water cycle?

A. clouds forming
B. ocean water changing to water vapor
C. water flowing down a river
D. underground water soaking into rocks and soil
228 How can water vapor in the air return to Earth?

A. it evaporates and is blown by the wind
B. it evaporates and forms cloud
s C. it condenses then precipitates
D. it sticks to any warm surface it comes in contact with
229 Many Utah towns use water from wells for drinking. How does water get into wells?
A. it has to be poured into them from water tanks
B. rain sinks down through the soil into them
C. it is pumped by large engines into the well
D. it evaporates from the inside of Earth
230 . On which kind of day would you expect the most evaporation from the surface of a pond?
A cold, rainy

B. cold, sunny
C. warm, rainy
D. warm, sunny
231 .Which type of rainfall would be most helpful to farmers?
A. rainfall that evaporates quickly
B. rainfall that runs off the land quickly
C. rainfall that soaks into the soil slowly
D. very little rainfall
232. Rate of evaporation is______

a) Directly proportional to temperature of liquid
b) Inversely proportional to temperature of liquid
c) Independent of temperature of liquid
d) Directly proportional to humidity of surrounding air
233. Rate of evaporation increases as?
a) Exposed surface area of liquid increases
b) Exposed surface area of liquid decreases
c) Movement of air above surface of liquid decreases
d) Atmospheric pressure increases
234. Rate of evaporation decreases as?
a) Temperature increases
b) Humidity of surrounding air increases
c) Movement of air above surface of liquid increases
d) Atmospheric pressure decreases
235. Which of the following factors do not affect the rate of evaporation?
a) Temperature of liquid
b) Humidity of surrounding air
c) Depth of liquid
d) Surface of liquid
236. Evaporation occurs only _____
a) After boiling
b) After extreme cooling
c) At surface of a liquid
d) If boiling occurs at atmospheric pressure
237. A decrease in the ____ metric pressure, as in high altitudes, increases
evaporation.
a) Temperature
b) Wind speed
c) Barometric pressure
d) None of above
238. When a solute is dissolved in water, the vapour pressure of the solution is less
than that of pure water then the rate of evaporation is ____.
a) Increased
b) Decreased
c) Constant
d) None of above
239. Under the identical conditions evaporation from sea water is about ___ % less
than that from fresh water.
a) 2-4%
b) 2-3%
c) 3-4%
d) 5-7%
240. Deep water bodies have ___ heat storage than shallow water.
a) Less
b) More
c) Equal heat storage
d) None of above
241. If the wind speed is increases then the rate of evaporation is ___.
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remain same
d) None
242. I n evaporation water changes from liquid form to
1. Solid
2. Semi-solid
3. Semi-liquid
4. Gaseous
243. Evaporation occurs when molecules attain sufficient to break

through water surface
1. Kinetic Energy
2. Potential Energy
3. Velocity
4. None

244. Evaporation is measured by
1. radar
2. Computer
3. Hydrograph
4. Evaporation Pan
245. Evaporation does not depend upon
1. Heat energy
2. Temperature
3. Wind
4. Shape of surface of liquid
246. Evaporation involves
1. Transfer of heat energy

2. Transfer of potential energy
3. Transfer of velocity
4. None
247. Transpiration is evaporation through
1. Water surface
2. Plant leaves
3. none
4. All of above
248. Transpiration is not directly affected by
1. Climate and weather

2. Growth of plants
3. Soil condition
4. Chlorophyll content of leaves
249. The rate of transpiration slows down when plant
1. Wilts

2. Withers
3. Dies
4. Grows
250. Rate of transpiration depends upon
1. Infiltration
2. Hydrograph
3. Underwater table
4. Plant’s condition and surrounding
251. The percentage of transpiration by stomata is
1. 0.2
2. 0.5
3. 0.75
4. 0.9
252. The Electromagnetic Method depends upon ___________

a) Dalton’s Principle
b) Continuity Principle
c) Faraday’s Principle
d) Swengel
253. The Ultrasonic Method was first reported by ___________

a) Dalton
b) Newton
c) Faraday
d) Swengel
254. Ultrasonic Method the velocity is being measured by ________

a) Ultrasonic signals
b) Electromagnetic signals
c) Radio signals
d) Electronic signals

255. Commercially available electromagnetic flowmeters can measure the discharge

to accuracy of ___________
a) ± 2 %
b) ± 3 %
c) ± 4 %
d) ± 5 %
256. The advantages of Ultrasonic Method are ___________

a) It is rapid and highly accurate
b) It is rapid and non-accurate
c) It is slow and non-accurate
d) It is slow and accurate
257. The ultrasonic flowmeters have frequency of __________

a) 200 kHz
b) 300 kHz
c) 400 kHz
d) 500 kHz
258. The accuracy of horizontal-axis meter is 0.25% at the velocity of
a) 1 m/s
b) 2 m/s
c) 3 m/s
d) 4 m/s
259. The accuracy of horizontal-axis meter is ___________ at threshold value
a) 1%
b) 1.5%
c) 2%
d) 2.5%
260. The accuracy of vertical-axis meter is____________ at threshold value
a) 1%
b) 1.5%
c) 2%
d) 2.5%
261. If the speed of vertical-axis meter becomes 0.30% at velocity of _________
a) 1 m/s
b) 2 m/s
c) 3 m/s

d) 4 m/s
262. Which of the following method is used for the direct determination of stream
discharge?
a) Area-velocity Method
b) Dilution Method
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
263. Which of the following method is used for the indirect determination of stream
discharge?
a) Area-velocity Method
b) Dilution method
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
264. Direct measurement of discharge is a very ________________
a) Costly
b) Cheap
c) Easy
d) Both (b) and (c)
265. Stream flow is measured in units of ________________
a) Velocity
b) Discharge
c) Acceleration
d) Time
266. The measurement of discharge in stream forms is the branch of ____________
a) Hydrometry
b) Hydrography
c) Hydrogeography
d) Iso-Hydrology
267. In Area-velocity method the gauging site should be free from

________________ effect in the channel.
a) Back water effect
b) Drop down effect
c) Falling effect
d) Rising effect
268. In Area-velocity method should be _____________
a) Stable
b) Unstable
c) Partly stable and Partly unstable
d) None of these
269. The dilution method depends upon the _________
a) Daltons principle

b) Continuity principle
c) Humidity principle
d) All of these
270. The dilution method is __________
a) Physical Method
b) Chemical Method
c) Rip rap Method
d) Water Budget Method
271. The tracers use in dilution method should be __________
a) Cheap
b) Expansive
c) Light weight
d) Heavy Weight
272. Suppose a storage vessel holds a liquid of unpredictable density. Identify which
level measurement technology will not maintain accurate measurement of liquid height
in the vessel as the liquid density changes:
a. Differential pressure transmitter

b. Guided-wave radar
c. Ultrasonic
d. Float and tape
273. The main advantage of a “dip tube” or “bubbler” system for level measurement is
that:
a. It isolates the pressure transmitter from the process fluid

b. It always elevates and never suppresses the calibration range
c. It is less expensive to operate than a direct-connected transmitter
d. It can measure both solid and liquid levels
274. Which of the following level-measurement technologies cannot be adapted to

measure solid (powder) level in a vessel?
a. Float and tape
b. Displacer
c. Radar
d. Ultrasonic
275. A guided-wave radar transmitter is able to measure liquid interface levels based
on differences of between the two liquids.
a. Ionization potential
b. Density
c. Speed of light
d. Dielectric constant

276. A d/p cell used to measure liquid level has a “suppressed zero.” This means:
a. The transmitter is located above the 0% liquid level mark
b. The transmitter uses filter circuits to suppress noise to a zero level
c. The transmitter is located below the 0% liquid level mark
d. The liquid is less dense than water
277. River gauge is used to measure:

a. Still level
b. Water level
c. Turbulence
d. Current
278. Which of the following instrument uses a rating curve?

a. River gauge
b. Rain gauge
c. Tipping bucket
d. Marine gauge
279. Which of the following constructions are used in the case of the application of
river gauge?
a. Culverts
b. Bridges
c. Dams
d. Weirs and notches
280. Which of the following doesn’t come under the classification of water level
gauge?
a. Ultrasonic device
b. Par shall fume
c. Stage encoder
d. Electro-magnetic gauge
281. Which of the following classification of water level gauge can measure the
water level?
a. Stage encoder
b. Electro-magnetic gauge
c. Ultrasonic device
d. Staff gauge
282. Which of the following flow-measuring elements is inherently linear and

requires no signal characterization (e.g. sqaure-root extraction) anywhere in the loop?

(A) Target
(B) Venturi
(C) Orifice plate
(D) Pitot tube
(E) Turbine
283. Bernoulli’s Equation is a mathematical expression of:
(A) The ratio of kinetic to viscous forces in a flow stream
(B) Friction loss as fluid moves through a rough pipe
(C) Potential and kinetic energies in a flow stream
(D) Fluid density and compressibility in a restriction
(E) Vertical height and pressure for a static fluid
284. As an incompressible fluid moves through a restriction,

(A) Velocity decreases and pressure increases
(B) Velocity increases and pressure increases
(C) Velocity increases and pressure remains the same
(D) Velocity increases and pressure decreases
(E) Velocity decreases and pressure remains the same
285. A flag flapping in the breeze illustrates what type of dynamic fluid effect?
(A) Cavitation
(B) Vortex shedding
(C) Transitional flow
(D) Coriolis effect
(E) Laminar flow
286. For accurate operation, orifice plate flowmeters require:

(A) Laminar flow
(B) Fully-developed turbulent flow
(C) Swirls and eddies in the flow stream
(D) Transitional flow
(E) Plug flow
287. A magnetic flowmeter will not properly measure the flow rate of:

(A) Dirty water

(B) Milk
(C) Oil
(D) Caustic
(E) Acid
288. Based on the relative positions of transmitter and orifice plate, this flow-
measuring installation is suitable for:
(A) Slurry flow

(B) Water or oil flow
(C) Gas flow
(D) Steam flow
(E) Laminar flow
289. The purpose for providing ample straight-pipe lengths before and after a
flowmeter is to:
(A) Dampen pipe vibrations generated near elbows
(B) Stabilize the flow profile within the flowmeter
(C) Amplify the coriolis effect for better rangeability
(D) Prevent cavitation
(E) Minimize choking under high-flow conditions

290. ∆P transmitter calibrated for a range of 0 to 100 ”H2O measures liquid flow
through an orifice plate from 0 to 1200 GPH. Calculate the new calibration range for the
transmitter if we desire to decrease the flow measurement range to 0 to 700 GPH, using
the same orifice plate.
(A) 0 to 34.03” H2O
(B) 0 to 76.38” H2O
(C) 0 to 171.4” H2O
(D) 0 to 293.9” H2O
(E) 0 to 58.33” H2O
291. dentify which of the following flowmeters inherently measures mass flow rate:
(A) Thermal
(B) Magnetic
(D) Flow nozzle
(D) Vortex
(E) Venturi tube
292. What information does the year wise hydrograph gives?

a) Draught
b) Heavy rainfall
c) Rising cold
d) Water scarcity
293. 6. Unit hydrograph was explained by Sherman in which year?
a) 1925
b) 1928
c) 1932
d) 1945
294. What is the theoretical number of unit hydrographs for given basin?
a) 500
b) 2900
c) 36000
d) infinite
295. The magnitude of runoff as ordinates against the corresponding percentage of
time as abscissa gives ________
a) Mass duration curve
b) Load duration curve
c) Power duration curve
d) Flow duration curve
296. What does CN stands for in hydrology?
a) Cyanide

b) Channel number
c) Cumulonimbus
d) Carbon nano-tube
297. Surface runoff is due to:
a) Initial rain
b) Residual rain
c) Rain in the net supply interval
d) All of above
298. Pick up the correct statement from the following:
a) Run off and surface run off are the same
b) Run off includes the water flowing over the surface
c) Run off is sometimes called discharge of the river.
d) Surface run off is sometimes called stream flow.
299. What does hydrograph based on day gives?

a) Idea about flood period during the month
b) Idea of rainfall
c) Idea of draught during the year
d) Idea of scarcity of water in the upcoming year.
300. Choose the correct sentence about information available from hydrograph
among the following options?
a) The mean annual runoff or mean runoff each week of the year
b) Total volume at that instant, as the area under hydrograph indicates the force of water
during the duration
c) Rate of flow at any particular time during the duration period
d) Mean runoff for each month
301. When is the Hydrograph called as a unit hydrograph?

a) When 1cm of runoff is resulted from a rain fall
b) When 3cm of runoff is resulted from rainfall
c) When 1mm of runoff is resulted from rainfall
d) When 3mm of runoff is resulted from rainfall
302. A hydrograph consists of the following parts:

a) Rising Limb
b) Crest or Peak
c) Falling Limb & Recession Curve
d) ALL
303. Overland flow + Through flow

a) Storm Flow
b) Base flow
c) Basin lag time
d) Peak flow
304. Difference in time between the center of mass of effective rainfall and the center
of mass of runoff produced.
a) Lag Time (L)
b) Time to Peak (tp)
c) Recession Time (tr)
d) Time Base (tb)
305. Time from the peak to the end of surface runoff

a) Lag Time (L)
d) Time Base (tb)
306. the time interval from the start of the rainfall excess to the peak of the resulting
hydrograph
a) Lag Time (L)
d) Time Base (tb)
307. Time from which the concentration curve begins until the direct runoff
component reaches zero
a) Lag Time (L)
d) Time Base (tb)
308. Streamflow hydrograph is a combination of the runoff,

a) Base flow
b) interflow
c) Storm Flow
d) a & b
309. It is the amount of precipitation that falls directly on the stream.

a) Direct Runoff.
b) Channel precipitation

c) Base flow
d) none
310. Separation of Hydrograph Components

a) Straight Line Method
b) Fixed Base Length Method
c) Variable Slope Method
d) ALL
311. The method of ______ separation is realistic in situations where the groundwater
contributions are significant and reach the stream quickly.
a) Straight Line
b) base-flow
c) Variable Slope
d) Recession Curve
312. A hydrograph is a plot of
a) Rainfall intensity against time
b) Stream discharge against time
c) Cumulative rainfall against time
d) Cumulative runoff against time
313. Which of the following equation is used in hydrological flood routing ?

a) Energy equation
b) Continuity equation
c) Equation of motion
d) Both a and c
314. When is the Hydrograph called as a unit hydrograph?

b) When 3 cm of runoff is resulted from rainfall
d) All of above
315. The unit hydrographs can be successfully applied to basin areas of what sq
km?
a) 15000 sq km
b) 10000 sq km
c) 3000 sq km
d) 25000 sq km
316. The surface Run-off is the quantity of water

a) Absorbed by soil
b) Required to fill surface depressions

c) Intercepted by buildings and vegetative cover

d) That reaches the stream channels
317. The rising limb of a hydrograph is also known as:

a) S-curve
b) Flow mass
c) Concentration curve
d) Double mass curve
318. Instantaneous unit hydrograph is a hydrograph of

(i) Unit duration
(ii) Unit rainfall excess
(iii) Infinitely small duration
(iv) Infinitely small rainfall excess
a) (i) and (ii)

b) (i) and (iv)
c) (ii) and (iii)
d) (iii) and (iv)
319. The run off a drainage basin is:

a) Initial recharge + ground water accretion + precipitation
b) Precipitation + ground water accretion + initial recharge
c) Precipitation - ground water accretion + initial recharge
d) Precipitation - ground water accretion - initial recharge
320. A unit hydrograph is a hydrograph of a rain storm of a specified duration

resulting from a run-off of
a) 15 mm
b) 20 mm
c) 25 mm
d) 30 mm
321. A runoff river plant:
a) Is a medium head scheme
b) Generates power during peak hours only
c) Is suitable only on a perennial river
d) Has no pondage at all
322 _ What do you call a graph which is plotted for discharge versus time?
a) Snow Graph
b) Hydrograph
c) Rain graph
d) Fluid graph
323 What does ADF stand for in hydrology?

a) Automatic direction finder
b) Average daily flow
c) Average duration flow
d) Annual dry flow
324 What is unit hydrograph helpful in?
a) Estimating runoff from a basin
b) Estimating no of days of rain fall
c) Knowing the draught months in a year
d) In deciding the land for hydel power plant
325 _A unit hydrograph has one unit of____
a) Rainfall excess
b) Discharge
c) Rainfall duration
d) All of above
326 _Pick up the correct statement_____
a) Runoff = surface runoff + ground water runoff
b) Runoff = surface runoff
c) Runoff = groundwater runoff + interception
d ) All of above
327 _A unit hydrograph has _____
a) One unit of peak discharge
b) One unit of rainfall duration
c) One unit of direction runoff
d) One unit of time base of current runoff
328 _Runoff is effected by _____
a) Type of precipitation
b) Prevailing storm direction
c) Rain intensity and duration
d) All of above
329 _Rainfall intensity and time is determined by_____

a) Hydrograph
b) S curve
c) Hyetograph
d) Backwater curve
330 A unit hydrograph theory was enunciated by____
a) Meril Bernard
b) William Adams
c) Einstein
d) Le – Roy K Shermen
331 _after reaching stream, Runoff becomes ____

a) Potential head
b) Kinetic head
c) Stream flow
d) Dynamic flow
332. Which one is used to estimate the flood

a) Rational method
b) Empirical method
c) Unit hydrograph method
d) All of above
333 Rational method is relation between

a) Precipitation and runoff
b) Storage and runoff
c) Frequency distribution & runoff
d) None
334. The runoff in cumec by the Rational method is defined by

a) Q = K*A*I*R
b) Q = (K+A+I) *R

c) Q = (K+A) *R
d) Q = A*I*R
335. The value of the factor K in finding the storm water flow by Rational method
is
a) 100
b) 160
c) 1
d) 1/360
336. Which one is used in empirical method to estimate the flood

a) Dickens formula
b) Ryes formula
c) Ingles formula
d) All of above
337 A unit hydrograph is

a) 1 unit of peak discharge
b) 1 unit of direct runoff
c) 1 unit of rainfall
d) None
338 When is the Hydrograph called as a unit hydrograph?

b) When 3cm of runoff is resulted from rainfall
d) When 3mm of runoff is resulted from rainfall
339 . What is unit hydrograph helpful in?

a) Estimating runoff from a basin
b) Estimating no of days of rain fall
c) Knowing the draught months in a year
d) In deciding the land for hydral power plant
340 . Above which range should be the unit hydrographs be used?

a) Around 5000 sq. km
b) Over 2500 sq. km
c) Around 4000 sq. km
d) Below 5000 sq. km
341 . The formula of rational method is

a) Q = AV
b) Q = V/t

c) Q = PIA
d) None
342. A flash flood is a flood that:

a) Is caused by heavy rain rather than from the flooding of a river
b) Occurs in urban areas
c) Occurs suddenly and unexpectedly and for a short duration
d) Is caused by the blocking of drains
343. A flood can vary in:

a) Size
b) Speed of water
c) Duration
d) All of the above
344. Main cause of flood n a river is :

a) Heavy snow fall
b) Earthquakes
c) Deforestation
d) Construction of dams
345. When a river water level reaches 10 meters, this means that:
a) The water level is 10 meters above an arbitrary ‘zero’ level
b) The water level is 10 meters above mean sea level
c) The water level is 10 meters above mean sea level or an arbitrary ‘zero’ level
d) It will flood
346. The size of the flood is measured by:

a) The rate of flow of water in a waterway of river
b) A river gauging station
c) The level of water in a waterway or river
d) All of the above
347. Which of the following potentially effects the size of the flood?
a) Bridges and other structure in waterways
b) The size and windiness of a river
c) Vegetation in and around a river
d) All of the above
348. Which of the is an environmental consequence of flood?

a) Dispersal of weed species
b) Erosion of soil
c) Release of pollutants into waterways
d) All of the above

349. Which of the following is true?

a) Should not be released until the information is certain
b) Should indicate what the threat is, what action should be taken, by whom and when
c) None of the above
d) All of the above
350. Flood risk refers to:

a) The change of a flood occurring
b) The number of people and properties exposed to flood waters is a flood occure
c) The vulnerability of people and properties exposed to flood waters
d) All of the above
351. Which of the following can reduce the risk of flooding?

a) Zooning and building regulations for new developments
b) Dams, detention basins and levees
c) Flood awareness and education programs
d) All of the above
352 For floods, the return event may be measured in terms of
a) m3/s
b) Height
c) both
d) none
353.The probable maximum is
a) An estimate of the largest possible flood that could occur at a particular location
b) The maximum flood experienced in the last 100 years
c) The maximum flood experienced in the last 200 years
d) The maximum flood experienced in the last 300 years
354 change in elevation of a stream per unit length is called
a) Base line
b) Gradient
c) Discharge
d) Velocity
355 Methods of flood control are:
a) planting vegetation
b) construction of floodways (man-made channels to divert floodwater)
c) construction of levees, dikes, dams, reservoirs
d) all of the above
356 .Which of the following Defences are used to prevent rivers from bursting their bank:

a) levees,
b) reservoirs,
c) weirs
d) all of the above
357 flood cannot occur due to
a) Cyclone
b) Tsunami
c) Biological disasters
d) Heavy rain
358 . ______________ flood occurs when the water level in a river, lake or stream rises and
overflows onto the surrounding banks.
a) Fluvial floods
b) Pluvial floods
c) Coastal flood
d) None
359 . A __________ is a flood plain crossing for a road, built at or close to the natural ground
level
a) Pathway
b) Floodway
c) Weirs
d) None
360 a 10-year flood has a ________chance of being exceeded in any one year and a 50-year
flood has . a __________ chance of being exceeded in any one year..
a) 10% and 2%
b) 10% and 5%
c) 15% and 10%
d) None
361 . If the return period of occurrence is 234 years (u = 0.0043) then the probability of no
occurrence in ten years is
a) 0.4779
b) 0.958
c) 0.335
d) 0.664
362 Flood frequency analysis is a technique used by hydrologists to predict

___________ values

a) -Flow
b) -Discharge
c) -None of these
363 Floods are one of the most common ___________ hazards
a)- Natural
b) -Artificial
c) -All of these
364 The flood frequency curve is used to relate flood ___________ to return periods to
provide an estimate of the intensity of a flood event.
a) -Discharge values
b) -flow measure values
c)- None of these
365. The discharges are plotted against ___________ using either a linear or a logarithmic
scale.
a) -Return period
b) - cyclic period
c) -both A&B
366 A theoretical distribution using a __________
a) - cumulative density function (CDF)

b) -Load distribution function (LDF)
c)-None
367 River discharge is generally plotted on the y-axis using either a___________

a) -Linear scale
b) -Logarithmic scale
c) -both A&B
368. Flooding is caused by ___________

a) -climate condition
b) -Atmospheric condition
C) -None of these
369. The primary effects of flooding include loss of ___________

a) -life
b) -damage to buildings
c) -all of these
370. Flash floods can bring walls of water from ______ high.
a) -10—20 feet
b) -20—30 feet
c) -30—50 feet
371. Climate change is expected to affect __________ through changes in rainfall.
a) -Flooding
b) -none of these
372. Which of the following is not the requirement of routing function?
a) Correctness
b) Robustness
c) Delay time
d) Stability

373. The ……… protocol allows the administrator to assign a cost, called the metric, to each route.
a) OSPF
b) RIP
c) BGP
d). BBGP
374. If there is only one routing sequence for each source destination pair, the scheme is known as:
A. static routing
B. . fixed alternative routing
375 The Open Shortest Path First(OSPF) protocol is an intra domain routing protocol based on
---
------routing.
A. distance vector
B. link state
C. path vector
D. non distance vector
376. An/A ……….routing scheme is designed to enable switches to react to changing traffic patterns
on the network.
A. static routing
B. fixed alternative routing
C. standard routing
D. dynamic routing
377. The Routing Information Protocol(RIP) is an intra domain routing based on ……..routing.
A. distance vector
B. link state
C. path vector
D. distance code
378. The term …….. refers to which node or nodes in the network are responsible for the routing
decision.
A. decision place
B. routing place
C. node place
D. switching place
379. In ……. routing the least cost route between any two nodes is the minimum distance.
A. path vector
B. distance vector

. C. link state
. D. switching
380. For centralized routing the decision is made by some designated node called ……
. A. designated center
. B. control center
. C. network center
D. network control center
381. For purposes of routing, the Internet is divided into …….
. A. wide area networks
. B. autonomous networks
. C. local area networks
. D. autonomous system
382. If I=inflow, o=outflow, and s=storage in a reach, the continuity equation used in flood
routing is
a) I+DS/DT =0
b) O-I=DS/DT
c) I+O+DS/DT =0
d) I-O=DS/DT
383. Hydrological routing method employ the
a) Equation of continuity
b) Bernaulis equation
c) Bukhingum theorem
d) None
384. For a natural channel the co efficient of Muskhingum theorem lies between
a) 0.90 to 1
b) 0.40 to 0.50
c) 0.60 to 0.85
d) 0 to 0.35
385. The muskhingum method of flood routing is a

a) Hydraulic channel routing method
b) Hydrological reservoir routing method
c) Hydrological channel routing method
d) None
386. In muskhingum equation of channel routing, α is a

a) Storage factor
b) Weighing factor
c) Hydraulic factor
d) None
387. Reduction in the peak value of graph is called _____
a) Lift
b) Lag
c) Attenuation
d) None
388. The amount of base flow in a stream is based on
a) Geology
b) Size of drainage
c) Climate
d) All
389. The amount of transmission loss depends upon
a) Percolation
b) Wetted perimeter
c) Both
d) None
390. In coastal or riverine areas, ____are often constructed to protect urban or agricultural
land from routing
a) Dikes
b) Limbs
c) Robes
d) Ditches
391. The base flow is added to the runoff hydrograph and then routed through the
a) Dikes
b) Reach
c) Both
d) None
392. .A flash flood is a flood that:
a. is caused by heavy rain rather than from the flooding of a river

b. occurs in urban areas
c. occurs suddenly and unexpectedly and for a short duration
d. is caused by the blocking of drains.
393. . A flood can vary in:
a. size

b. speed of water flow

c. duration
d. all of the above
394 . When a river’s water level reaches 10 metres, this means that:
a. the water level is 10 metres above an arbitrary ‘zero’ level

b. the water level is 10 metres above mean sea level
c. the water level is 10 metres above mean sea level or an arbitrary 'zero' level d. it will
flood.
395. The size of a flood is measured by:
a. the rate of flow of water in a waterway or river

b. the level of water in a waterway or river
c. a river gauging station
d. all of the above.
396 . Which of the following potentially affects the size of a flood?
a. bridges and other structures in waterways

b. the size and windiness of a river
c. vegetation in and around a river
397 . Which of the following is an environmental consequence of floods?
a. dispersal of weed species

b. erosion of soil
c. release of pollutants into waterways
398 Which of the following is used to estimate which areas will be inundated during a
flood, based on river height information?
a. satellite and radar images

b. flood maps / floodplain hydraulic models
c. river gauging stations
399 Flood risk refers to:
a. the chance of a flood occurring

b. the number of people and properties exposed to floodwaters if a flood occurs

c. the vulnerability of people and properties that are exposed to floodwaters
d. d. all of the above.
400 . In the future, which of the following is expected to increase the risk of
flooding?
a. population growth
b. urbanisation
c. climate change
401 . For good land use planning, buildings should be built:
a. above the 1-in-100 year flood level

b. above the level of the Probable Maximum Flood
c. based on the chance and consequences of a flood for that particular building
d. above the level of the largest
402 : Prior to the advent of computer models, hydrologic modeling used_____ to simulate
flow and transport systems.
a)analog models
b)statistical models
c)conceptual models
d) none of these
403. ____are used in hydrology to represent fluid flow using the similarity between Darcy's
Law, Ohms Law, Fourier's Law, and Fick's Law
a)statistical models

b) process analogs
c) scale analogs
d)conceptual models
404 :_____offer a useful approximation of physical or chemical processes at a size that

allows for greater ease of visualization
a)scale analogs
b)process analogs
c) statistical models
d)none of these
405 :For river stage forecasting, a hydrologist needs _____ to use in routing equations
a) area climatology
b) river water temperature
c) streamflow discharge
d) local domestic water use
406. If the outflow and inflow are equal along several reaches of a river, then _____.
(Choose all that apply.)
a) all prisms will have identical shape
b) all prisms will have identical volumes
c) no wedges are needed
d) b and c are correct
407 : In general, a rapid change in stage means _____. (Choose the best answer.)
a) wedges represent an important fraction of reach storage
b) prisms are smaller
c) the prism volume is about equal to the wedge volume
d) only the prism is needed to estimate the reach storage
408 . As a flood wave travels downstream, the peak discharge is usually _____.

a) amplified and sharpened
b) delayed and rectified
c) verified and documented
d) attentuated and delayed
409. The Lag and K method estimates streamflow floodplain storage as
a) wedges
b) prisms
c) both wedges and prisms
410 While more accurate results are possible with hydraulic routing methods, a downside
is _____.
a) much more data is required
b) routing only is applicable on very large river systems
c) the method cannot account for reservoir operations
411. Hydraulic routing methods _____.
a) can be computed by hand if needed
b) requires special numeric analysis software
c) can produce unreasonable results
d) b and c are correct
412 Which of the following reservoirs contains the most water?

a)atmosphere
b)ground water
c)biosphere
d)rivers
413 In what types of rock do most caves form?

a)lime stone
b)granite
c)charcole
d)sand stone
414 What is the process by which water enters the small pore spaces between particles
in soil or rock
a)transpiration
b)infiltration
c)precipitation
d)sublimation
415 The ability of an Earth material to transmit water is a measure of its

a)permibility
b)chemical oxidation
c)porocity
416 A local water table positioned above the regional water table is said to be
a)standard
b)displaced
c)depressed
d)perched
417 The boundary between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone is called
the_____
a)aquifer
b)aquiclude
c)porosity
d)water table
418 he infiltration of water into the subsurface is the __________
a)effluent

b)influent
c)recharge
d)discharge
419 The most abundant, natural acid is
a)hydrochloric
b)carbonic
c)citric
420 Most groundwater withdrawn in the United States is used for ____
a)drinking
b)industry
c)irrigation
d)swimming pools
420. Hard water contains large amounts of _______
a)calcium
b)silicate
c)sodium
d)lead
421. Which of the following reservoirs contains the most water?
a) atmosphere
b) biosphere
c) groundwater
d) lakes and rivers
422. How much of the Earth's water is stored in underground aquifers?
a)less than 1%
b)about 5%
c)about 10%
d)about 20%
423. What is the isolated water table held by a small extension of impervious rock called?
a) Underlying water
b) Secret water

c) Perched water
d) Underwater
424. What is the upper surface of water in a confined aquifer called?

a) Primary layer
b) Secondary layer
c) First layer
d) Peizometric layer
425. The term which is collectively responsible, along with specific yield, for total porosity
of an aquifer is __________
a) Unit yield
b) Specific retention
c) Unit retention
d) Specific allowance
426. When a well is dug in water table aquifer the static water level in the well stands at:
a)Upper elevation of water table
b)Same elevation of term
c) Lower elevation of water table
d) None of these
427. At many places where is the piezometric surface with respect to the ground level?
a) Below
b) Same level
c) Above
d) Inclined to ground leve
428. What is the speciality of the Artesian Water?

a) Has a characteristic colour
b) Has a characteristic odour
c) Requires no pumping
d) Requires special type of pumping
429. What is the volume of voids in a rock mass expressed in percentage of total volume
of rock called?
a) Porosity
b) Voids ratio
c) Permeability
d) Specific yield

430. The percentage of a rock's total volume that is taken up by pore space is called the
______.
a)permeability
b)recharge
c)aquifer
d)porosity
431. The ability of an Earth material to transmit water is a measure of its:
a)Porosity
b)aquifer characteristics
c)chemical cement
d)permeability
432. Underground water is a source of trouble at which place?

a) Plains
b) Slopes
c) Rivers
d) Lakes
433. An associated protection of rising water-table is the development of
__________
a) Loss of nutrients
b) Loss of good quality of water
c) Salinity of water
d) Increase in turbidity
434. The root system of crops in water-logged areas get __________
a) Decomposed
b) Enriched with nutrients
c) Photosynthesis
d) Growth inhibited
435. The quantity of water that can be withdrawn annually and also the rate at which
this withdrawal could be made without adversely affecting the inventory of the aquifer is
called __________
a) Annual yield
b) Percent yield
c) Operational yield
d) Monthly yield
436. Groundwater is a subordinate to surface water.
a) True
b) False
437. Pick the wrong statement about groundwater.
a) It is turbid

b) It is odorless
c) It is free from pathogens
d) It is colored
438. Water present in rocks from the time of their deposition is __________
a) Meteoric water
b) Connate water
c) Juvenile water
d) Secondary water
439. Which zones are together called zone of aeration?
a) Soil water and intermediate zone
b) Intermediate zone and zone of capillary water
c) Zone of capillary water and phreatic water
d) Soil water and phreatic water
440. The zone of water which occurs only in fine particle size is __________
a) Soil water
b) Intermediate water
c) Phreatic water
d) Zone of capillary water

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ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY CVE 172006

1 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

12. Catchment area is also called

14 The process of hydrological cycle is _______

2 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

15. In terms of rainfall run off equation becomes _________

3 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

28.Where is the most earth water stored today

4 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

31Which of the following is not related to engineering hydrology?

32 Hydrological analysis of a development area involves:

33 Most of the present day science of hydrology is developed since:

5 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

35 Which are the key aspects of hydrology from an engineering perspective?

36 Hydrological problems are created due to:

37 Engineering hydrology enables us to find out the relationship between:

38 Hydrology is an indispensable tool in planning and building:

39 Which of the following are designed on the basis of hydrological equations?

41 Seepage through foundation in an earthen dam is controlled by

6 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

42 Which of the following spillways is least suitable for an earthen dam ?

43 In a chute spillway, the flow is usually____________________?

A one divide wall and one undersluice

45 The main function of a divide wall is to_______________?

A control the silt entry in the canal

7 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

49 As per Lacey’s theory, the silt factor is_________________?

A directly proportional to average par¬ticle size

51 Irrigation system in Pakistan is such largest system in the world.

52 Total irrigated area in million acres in Pakistan is.

8 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

54. Dams are not constructed in the following regions

55 indus basin pact was signed in .

58. Number off taking canal from sukhar barrage.

(59) height of mangla dam I meters is

9 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

(60) For drinking purpose water id usually collected from,

C) 1300 cubic meter

72) Water is essential for_______.

11 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

73) Pakistan ________ system is famous all over the world.

74) Biggest source of storage of water is ________.

75) Largest dam of Pakistan is _________.

76) Mostly rivers fall in ________.

77) Number of rivers in Pakistan________.

12 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

78) Number of dams in Pakistan________.

79) Main source of water in Pakistan______.

80) Smallest river of Pakistan________.

81 The higher level of floods and droughts are led by

82 The careful management of water catchment areas results in

13 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

84 The percentage of Earth surface which is covered by oceans and seas is

85 The percentage of surface of Earth which is covered by water is

86 The hydraulic structures like dams, barrages constructed on permeable foundations

87 The meandering pattern of a river is developed by

14 PREPARED BY: ZAIN UL HASSAN

88 For a flood control reservoir, the effective storage is equal to

89 The flow in the river due to the floods may be classified as