This document contains information about computer system organization and parallel programming using OpenMP. It discusses the basic components of a computer system including the central processing unit, arithmetic logic unit, control unit, memory and I/O devices. It also provides an overview of parallel computing models, parallel programming languages and introduces OpenMP as a parallel programming standard. It includes a simple C program example that uses OpenMP directives to print "hello world" across multiple threads.
This document contains information about computer system organization and parallel programming using OpenMP. It discusses the basic components of a computer system including the central processing unit, arithmetic logic unit, control unit, memory and I/O devices. It also provides an overview of parallel computing models, parallel programming languages and introduces OpenMP as a parallel programming standard. It includes a simple C program example that uses OpenMP directives to print "hello world" across multiple threads.
This document contains information about computer system organization and parallel programming using OpenMP. It discusses the basic components of a computer system including the central processing unit, arithmetic logic unit, control unit, memory and I/O devices. It also provides an overview of parallel computing models, parallel programming languages and introduces OpenMP as a parallel programming standard. It includes a simple C program example that uses OpenMP directives to print "hello world" across multiple threads.
This document contains information about computer system organization and parallel programming using OpenMP. It discusses the basic components of a computer system including the central processing unit, arithmetic logic unit, control unit, memory and I/O devices. It also provides an overview of parallel computing models, parallel programming languages and introduces OpenMP as a parallel programming standard. It includes a simple C program example that uses OpenMP directives to print "hello world" across multiple threads.
REG NO: 18BCE0427 FACULTY: NARAYAMOORTHY SLOT: C1 a) Study of Computer System Organization
A computer is an electronic data processing machine that accepts data and
instructions through input unit (or from memory) and processes data as per the instruction, to get desired output. A computer system is a complex system consists of both hardware and software. The hardware components of a computer system are the electronic and mechanical parts The software components of a computer system are the data andthe computer programs. The computer systems we build today feature programmable processing units which interact with a number of devices, each controlled by an I/O controller, and using memory.
The organization of a simple computer with one CPU and two I/O devices Central processing Unit: The central processing unit (CPU) is the unit which performs most of the processing inside a computer. To function properly, the CPU relies on the system clock, memory, secondary storage, and data and address buses. CPU have Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Most computer operations are performed at ALU
Example:-
Control Unit:-
Operations of all the units are coordinated by control unit
Sends control signal to all the units Timing signals that govern the data transfer, are generated by control circuits Timing signals are signals that determine when a given action takes place
Memory:-
Physical device to store programs or data
Two types: Main memory (Physical memory) and Secondary memory
Main Memory: Closely connected to processor,Stored data are quickly and easly changed,holds the programs and data that the processor is actively working with, needs constant electric power to keep its information and interacts with the processor millions of times per second. Secondary memory: connected to main memory through the bus and a controller, stored data are easily changed; but changes are slow compared to main memory,used for long-term storage of programs and data before data and programs can be used; they must be copied from secondary memory into main memory and does not need electric power to keep its information b)Study of parallel programming languages and introduction to Open MP
Parallel Computing :
Parallel computing is the use of two or more processors in combination to solve a single problem. Problems that require large amount of computation memory or both.Parallel computing has made a tremendous impact on a variety of areas ranging from computational simulations for scientific and engineering applications to commercial applications in data mining and transaction processing. The computing resource includes:-
• A single computer with multiple processors
• A single computer with multiple processors and some specialized compute resources like GPU,FPGA, etc
• An arbitrary number of computers connected by a network
• A combination of above
parallel programming languages:-
Parallel programming languages are languages designed to program algorithms and
applications on parallel computers. Parallel processing is a great opportunity for developing high performance systems and solving large problems in many application areas. During the last few years parallel computers ranging from tens to thousands of computing elements became commercially available. They continue to gain recognition as powerful tools in scientific research, information management, and engineering applications. This trend is driven by parallel programming languages and tools that contribute to make parallel computers useful in supporting a broad range of applications. Many models and languages have been designed and implemented to allow the design and development of applications on parallel computers. Parallel programming languages (called also concurrent languages) allow the design of parallel algorithms as a set of concurrent actions mapped onto different computing elements. OpenMp:-
OPENMP IS A PARALLEL PROGRAMMING MODEL for shared memory and distributed
shared memory multiprocessors. Pioneered bySGI and developed in collaboration with other parallel computer vendors,OpenMP is fast becoming the de facto standard for parallelizing applications. There is an independent OpenMP organization today with most ofthe major computer manufacturers on its board, including Compaq,Hewlett-Packard, Intel, IBM, Kuck & Associates (KAI), SGI, Sun, and theU.S. Department of Energy ASCI Program. OpenMP is not a new computer language; rather, it works in conjunc-tion with either standard Fortran or C/C++. It is comprised of a set ofcompiler directives that describe the parallelism in the source code, alongwith a supporting library of subroutines available to applications (seeAppendix A). Collectively, these directives and library routines are for-mally described by the application programming interface (API) nowknown as OpenMP. OpenMP is primarily designed for shared memory multiprocessors.The important aspect for our current purposes is that all of the processors are able to directly access all of the memory in the machine, through a logically direct connection.
c)Write a c-program using open MP to print hello world
