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    Santos - Jiunior Problem Seminar - 2008 - 29-29

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    The document discusses complex numbers. It defines complex numbers as numbers of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit satisfying i^2 = -1. It defines operations like addition, multiplication, conjugation and norms of complex numbers. It also gives examples of finding the norm, quotient and roots of complex numbers.

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    Santos - Jiunior Problem Seminar - 2008 - 29-29

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    chengpeck
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    The document discusses complex numbers. It defines complex numbers as numbers of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit satisfying i^2 = -1. It defines operations like addition, multiplication, conjugation and norms of complex numbers. It also gives examples of finding the norm, quotient and roots of complex numbers.

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    The document discusses complex numbers. It defines complex numbers as numbers of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit satisfying i^2 = -1. It defines operations like addition, multiplication, conjugation and norms of complex numbers. It also gives examples of finding the norm, quotient and roots of complex numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views1 page

    Santos - Jiunior Problem Seminar - 2008 - 29-29

    Uploaded by

    chengpeck
    The document discusses complex numbers. It defines complex numbers as numbers of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit satisfying i^2 = -1. It defines operations like addition, multiplication, conjugation and norms of complex numbers. It also gives examples of finding the norm, quotient and roots of complex numbers.

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    Complex Numbers 21

    Solution: Completing squares,

    9 1
    2x2 + 6x + 5 = 2x2 + 6x + +
    √ 2 2
    3 1
    = ( 2x + √ )2 − (i √ )2
    2 2
    √ 3 1 √ 3 1
    = ( 2x + √ − i √ )( 2x + √ + i √ ).
    2 2 2 2
    3 1
    Then x = − ± i .
    2 2
    If a, b are real numbers then the object a + bi is called a complex number. If a + bi, c + di are complex numbers, then the
    sum of them is naturally defined as
    (a + bi) + (c + di) = (a + c) + (b + d)i (2.29)
    The product of a + bi and c + di is obtained by multiplying the binomials:

    (a + bi)(c + di) = ac + adi + bci + bdi2 = (ac − bd) + (ad + bc)i (2.30)

    160 Definition If a, b are real numbers, then the conjugate a + bi of a + bi is defined by

    a + bi = a − bi (2.31)

    The norm |a + bi| of a + bi is defined by


    È p
    |a + bi| = (a + bi)(a + bi) = a2 + b2 (2.32)

    161 Example Find |7 + 3i|.

    È p √
    Solution: |7 + 3i| = (7 + 3i)(7 − 3i) = 72 + 32 = 58.

    2 + 3i
    162 Example Express the quotient in the form a + bi.
    3 − 5i

    Solution: We have
    2 + 3i 2 + 3i 3 + 5i −9 + 19i −9 19i
    = · == = +
    3 − 5i 3 − 5i 3 + 5i 34 34 34
    If z1 , z2 are complex numbers, then their norms are multiplicative.

    |z1 z2 | = |z1 ||z2 | (2.33)

    163 Example Write (22 + 32 )(52 + 72 ) as the sum of two squares.

    Solution: The idea is to write 22 + 32 = |2 + 3i|2, 52 + 72 = |5 + 7i|2 and use the multiplicativity of the norm. Now

    (22 + 32 )(52 + 72 ) = |2 + 3i|2|5 + 7i|2


    = |(2 + 3i)(5 + 7i)|2
    = | − 11 + 29i|2
    = 112 + 292

    164 Example Find the roots of x3 − 1 = 0.

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