Thomas Aquinas (1255-1274) Helped Change by

HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF EDUCATION Aristotle (384-322 BC)
PRE-LITERATE SOCIETIES - Socrates developed a method of teaching called the

(7000 BC – 5000 BC) Socratic method, whereby the teacher asks a series of
- Teach only for survival skills. questions that lead the student to a conclusion.
- Children only imitate adults like their parents, elders, - Plato was a student of Socrates. He was the father of
religious leaders. idealism and believed that the aim of education was
- Education is informal and only focuses on the to develop an individual's abilities to better serve
transmission of skills. society.
- Aristotle, the father of idealism was a pupil of Plato.
CHINESE (3000 BC – 1900 AD China)
He believed that knowledge exists independently in
- Females for the most part were not deemed worthy of
the world as opposed to Plato's belief that ideas are
a formal education.
the ultimate reality.
- Prepare elites to govern the empire
- Aristotle was the father of the scientific method and
- Curriculum focuses on Confucian classics, taught by
taught logic as a formal discipline.
their government officials
JANPANESE ROMANS
- Roman school system consists of elementary (ludus)
- Education was also used to provide for the societal
needs such as the specific schools that were set up to and secondary periods.
- Females were actually allowed to attend the ludus
train young men for civil service.
and receive a formal education. However, few girls
HEBREWS received an education in secondary period.
- valued education and centered their instruction - Their education goal is to develop civic responsibility
around the teachings of their bible. for the empire, administrative and military skills.
HINDU DARK AGES
- Formal education only for boys from the highest - Was a period of little progress in human learning, at
status to preserve the society’s caste system. least in the western world.
- Priests were used as teachers resulting in a heavy - In Western Europe during the Dark Ages, it was
emphasis on moral development, learning to write, politically chaotic, with the invasion of Rome by
and harsh discipline. barbarians and the break-up of the Roman Empire.
INDIA (3000 BC – PRESENT) - Human learning regressed during this period as the
- Education is to learn behavior and rituals based on Church sought to control the education of the
Vedas common people.
- Students are males of upper castes - Around 1000 AD, some of the writings of Aristotle
were re-discovered and the Roman Catholic Church
EGYPT (3000 BC – 300BC Egypt) began to accept some of the doctrines of philosophy.
- To prepare priests according to scribe for the empire - Thomas Aquinas (1255-1274) helped change by
- priests were the most highly educated segment of formalizing scholasticism or the logical and
society and provided the instruction for the privileged philosophical study of the beliefs of the Catholic
males deemed worthy of learning. Church. His educational philosophy, called Thomism
GREEK (ANCIENT GREECE - 1600 BC – 300 BC) in his honor, is still central to education in parochial
- The purpose of education is to cultivate civic schools.
responsibility
MEDIEVAL (500 AD – 1400 AD)
2 states: SPARTA & ATHENS - Educational goal is to develop religious commitment,
knowledge, and ritual; establish social order, prepare
Difference of two states in terms of Education.
for appropriate roles
Athens Sparta - Instructional methods are memorization and
Reading, writing, Drill, military songs
recitation in lower schools, text analysis discussion in
arithmetic, drama, and tactics
higher schools and universities.
poetry, music.
- Curriculum: Athens
Private teachers, Military teachers
philosophers. - Agents: Parish, chantry, cathedral schools,
well rounded, liberally Concept of military universities, knighthood
educated person. state. - Influence on education: structure and organization of
the university, institutionalization of knowledge
3 Philosophers:
Socrates (470-399 BC) RENAISSANCE (1350 AD – 1500 AD)
Plato (427-347 BC)
- Educational goal is Cultivate humanist expert in
Greek and Latin classics; prepare people to serve
dynastic leaders
- Instructional Methods: Memorization and translation
and analysis of Greek and Roman classics. classical
literature, poetry and art.
- Curriculum: Latin and Greek classical literature,
poetry and art.
- Agents: Classical humanist educators and schools
like lycee, gymnasium and Latin school
- Influence on education: Emphasis on literary
knowledge, excellence and style in classical
literature, two track system of schools.
REFORMATION (1500 AD – 1600 AD)
- Educational Goals: Cultivate a commitment to a
particular religious denomination, and general
literacy
- Students: Boys and girls ages 7-12 in vernacular
schools, young men of upper class in humanist
schools
- Instructional Methods: Memorization drill,
indoctrination, catechetical instruction in vernacular
- schools, translation and analysis of classical literature
in humanist schools
- Curriculum: Reading, writing, arithmetic, catechism,
religious concepts and rituals. Latin and Greek
theology
- Agents: Vernacular elementary school for general
public, classical schools for upper class
- Influence on education: Commitment to universal
education to provide literacy for everyone; origins of
school systems, dual track school system based on
socioeconomic class and career goals
INDUSTRIALIZATON
- In England and all over Europe after the French
revolution, there is an expansion of technology such
as machinery that works with petrol and steam
20th CENTURY EDUCATION IN EUROPE AND

AMERICA
- Education in the fields of psychology and sociology
increased
- Education started using the data from these fields
- Education started being considered as a field
- Education involves not only schools but throughout
life LLL (life-long learning), multi-literacies

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HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF EDUCATION Aristotle (384-322 BC)

PRE-LITERATE SOCIETIES - Socrates developed a method of teaching called the

20th CENTURY EDUCATION IN EUROPE AND

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