Science 10 Modules For One Week

ELIZALDE ACADEMY MODULE 1
SCIENCE 10 QUARTER 1
TEACHER: MS. RODJHEN ANNE P. BARQUILLA
LESSON 1: Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Mountain Ranges

I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:
 Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and major mountain belts.
II. CONCEPT NOTES:

DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES, AND MOUNTAIN RANGES
THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS

A theory which suggests that Earth’s crust is made of several plates that interact in several ways producing earthquakes,
volcanoes and other geologic features.
What is Volcano?
A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being
or have been erupted from the earth’s crust.
According to PHIVOLC,
 Erupted w/ in historical times (600yrs)
 Account of eruption were documented
 Has erupted at least once within 10,000 yrs
 A volcano is an opening in the Earth that erupts gases, ash and lava.
 Kilauea is the world’s most active volcano.
Magma
 Deep within the Earth, under tremendous pressure and at great temperatures, rock exists as a hot liquid called magma. This
molten rock is found in pockets called magma chambers.
Lava
• When the magma reaches the surface, it is called lava. The place in the Earth’s surface through which magma and other
materials reach the surface is called a volcano. In some places, lava can build up to form a cone-shaped mountain.
• The opening from which lava erupts is the vent. Volcanoes often have more than one vent.
Volcano and Earthquake Zones
• Most major earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in three zones of the world. Scientists believe that there is a great deal
of movement and activity in the Earth’s crust in these three zones.
Ring of Fire
• One major earthquake and volcano zone extends nearly all the way around the edge of the Pacific Ocean. This zone goes
through New Zealand, the Philippines, Japan, Alaska and along the western coasts of North and South America. The San
Andreas fault is part of this zone.
What is an Earthquake?
 Vibration of Earth due to rapid release of energy
 Fault- is a break in ground along which movement has taken place
 Trench- is a depression or deep canal in the seafloor produced by subduction process
Three Types of Force
• Compression is the force that squeezes rock together.
• Tension is the force that pulls rocks apart.
• Shearing is the force that causes rocks on either side of a fault to slide past each other.
Faults
• Tension causes rocks to be pulled apart and the rocks move down along the fault line.
• Compression causes rocks to squeeze together and rocks move up along a fault line.
• Strike slip is side by side.
Himalayan Mountains
• The Himalayan Mountains which were formed by the convergence (compression) of Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian
Plate has many reverse and thrust faults.
San Andreas Fault
• The San Andreas Fault extends 960 km from Mexico to the north of California.
• The land to the west is moving north. The land to the east of the fault is moving south. All the rocks do not move at the
same time so earthquakes occur in one area and then another.
Focus
• Most faults occur between the surface and a depth of 70 kilometers.
• The point beneath the surface where the rocks break and move is called the focus. The focus is the underground origin of an
earthquake.
Epicenter
• Directly above the focus, on the Earth’s surface is the epicenter. Earthquake waves reach the epicenter first. During an
earthquake, the most violent shaking is found at the epicenter.
Locating an Epicenter
• Scientists need readings from three or more stations to determine the location. A circle is drawn around each station. The
radius of each circle is equal to the station’s distance from the epicenter.
• The point of intersection is the location of the epicenter.
Predicting Earthquakes
• Scientists need to know the amount of stress applied as well as the elastic limit of the rock to determine when an earthquake
will occur.
• Scientists have identified warning signals the help predict earthquakes with greater accuracy.
• Often changes occur in the speed of P and S waves before an earthquake occurs.
• Sometimes slight changes in the tilt of the Earth’s surface can be detected.
• Some scientists believe animal’s behavior is affected.
Earthquake Damage
• The amount of damage created by an earthquake depends on several factors.
• The earthquake’s strength
• The kind of rock and soil that underlies an area
• The population of the area
• The kind of buildings in the area
• The time at which the earthquake occurs
Tsunamis
• Earthquakes which occur on the ocean floor produce giant sea waves called tsunamis. Tsunamis can travel at speeds of 700
to 800 km per hour. As they approach the coast, they can reach heights of greater than 20 meters.
• The Tsunami Warning Center is located in Hilo, Hawaii.
What is Mountain Range?

 Group of mountains produced through the convergence of two continental plates
 Sierra Madre Mountain Range
 Andes Mountain Range
III. GUIDED ACTIVITY:

PUT ON THE MAP
Look at the world map shown below. Where do you think earthquakes are most likely to happen? Where can you find
volcanoes? Where is the major mountain belts of the world located? Where are tsunamis most likely to occur?
Write your answer to these questions by filling in the “PUT ON THE MAP” worksheet below. Alternatively, you can download copy
of the map, then crop, label, and paste parts of it or whole map under the “WHERE IN THE WORLD?” column. Then write your
reason or explanation under the “WHY HERE?” column.
PUT ON THE MAP WORKSHEET
Where in the world? Why here?
EARTHQUAKES
VOLCANOES
MOUNTAIN BELTS
TSUNAMIS
PROCESS QUESTIONS
1. What was your basis for identifying these locations in the world map?
2. Do earthquakes and tsunamis occur randomly on Earth? Are volcanoes and mountain belts found in every country or continent?
Why? Why not?
IV. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE:
Answer the following questions. Kindly provide a separate sheet for your answer. (5 points each)
 What is an Earthquake?
 What is a Volcano?
 What is a Mountain Range?
 What is a difference between a force and fault?
 What is an Epicenter?
V. CLOSURE ACTIVITY:

Make 4-5 stanzas of poem about how we should prepare for disaster that include volcanic eruption,
earthquakes and tsunami
ELIZALDE ACADEMY MODULE 1
SCIENCE 10 1ST QUARTER
TEACHER: MS. RODJHEN ANNE P. BARQUILLA
LESSON 2: PLATE BOUNDARIES
I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 Define the different types of plate boundaries.

 Describe and differentiate the types of plate boundaries
II. CONCEPT NOTES:
DIVERGENT BOUNDARY
Divergent Boundary is formed when two tectonic plates move apart from each other creating tension. Molten rocks called magma
rise from the Earth’s mantle to the surface. The Earth’s surface is cool enough to solidify the magma that rose up, thus, creating new
oceanic crust or seafloor. Divergent boundary is also known as constructive boundary. Mid-ocean ridge is formed by the divergence
between oceanic plates while continental rift valley is formed between continental plates. Rift valley can also be found at the bottom
of the ocean where seafloor spreading occurs. Both the formation of mid-ocean ridge and rift valley had occurrence of earthquake.
Examples are boundaries between South American plate and African plate, Pacific Plate and Nazca Plate, and North American Plate
and Eurasian Plate.
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
Convergent boundary is formed when two plates move toward each other. This
boundary has three types: Oceanic Continental plate boundary, Two Oceanic
plate boundary, and Two Continental plate boundary. In Oceanic-Continental
plate boundary and two oceanic plate boundaries, the oceanic plate bends
downward into the mantle through the process called subduction. The leading
edge of the subducted plate melts in the mantle and magma rises forming
continental volcanic arc in oceanic-continental plate boundary, which is parallel
to the trench that is formed due to subduction while in two oceanic plate
boundary, island volcanic arc is formed parallel to the trench. Earthquake occurs
at this boundary. Since oceanic plate is destroyed at the convergent boundary,
this boundary is also called destructive boundary. Examples are boundaries
between Eurasian plate and the Philippine plate, Nazca Plate and South American
Plate, and Pacific Plate and Australian Plate. With two continental plates
converging, tension zone is formed. Both plates collide and buckle up causing
mountain ranges such as the Himalayas mountain ranges. There is no subduction, no trench and no volcanoes formed in this type of
convergent boundary.
TRANSFORM FAULT BOUNDARY
Transform fault boundary is formed when two plates are sliding past each
other. It is also called Strike-slip fault. Rocks that line the boundary split into
pieces as the plates slip at each other. A crack is then formed creating an
undersea canyon or linear fault valley. San Andreas Fault is an example to this.
III. GUIDED ACTIVITY:
SPOT THE DIFFERENCE
1. Study Figure 6, 7 and 8 showing the three types of convergent boundaries.

2. Take note of the differences and similarities of the three figures and answer Assessment 2.
ASSESSMENT 2
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters below to form the correct word/s. Use these words to complete the paragraph that follows.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
A. ICOCEAN PLTEA - ________________________

B. CONNITNETAL PTALE - ________________________
C. OCIENAC - ________________________
D. UOSUBDCTIN - ________________________
E. ON - ________________________
Figure 6 shows two plates which are (1) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and (2) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The (3) _ _ _ _ _ plate subducts.
Figure 7 shows that one of the two oceanic plates bends toward the mantle at the (4) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zone.
Figure 8 shows the two continental plates colliding. In this type of convergent boundary, there is (5) _ _ subduction zone
IV. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE:
Directions: Choose your answer from the given choices. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Q1. What plate boundary shows the sliding of two plates?

A. Divergent B. Convergent C. Transform-fault
Q2. What plate boundary shows the moving apart of two plates?
Q3. What plate boundary shows the collision of two plates?

Q4. What are the three types of convergent boundary?

A. Oceanic-Continental B. Oceanic-Oceanic C. Continental-Continental D. Lithosphere-Crust
Q5. Using two arrows (), draw the direction of the relative motion of the three plate boundaries below:
A. convergent boundary B. divergent boundary C. transform fault boundary
Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. Write the correct word/s from the choices inside the parenthesis to
complete the sentence in each given item.
1. Pacific plate and Nazca plate formed _______________ (convergent, divergent) boundary.
2. San Andreas Fault is a transform fault boundary found in ___________ (South American plate, North American plate).
3. Philippine plate moves toward _______________ (Australian plate, Eurasian plate) at the convergent boundary.
4. _______________ (Convergent, Divergent) is the type of boundary between Australian plate and African plate.
5. The type of boundary between Pacific plate and Antarctic plate is _______________ (convergent, divergent) boundary.
V. CLOSURE ACTIVITY:
FILL THE MISSING PIECE!
What you need?
ruler
pencil / pen
What you have to do?
1. Get a ruler and pen and draw a table like the one below on a separate sheet of paper.
2. Complete the table below.
3. Use arrows to represent the direction of the movement.
4. Answer Assessment
TABLE 1: PLATE BOUNDARIES
DIRECTION OF MOTION TYPE OF BOUNDARY EXAMPLE

MOVEMENT

Two plates come together,

one sliding under the other
or both are rising up
Transform Fault Boundary

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ELIZALDE ACADEMY MODULE 1

LESSON 1: Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Mountain Ranges

II. CONCEPT NOTES:

THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS

What is Mountain Range?

III. GUIDED ACTIVITY:

Where in the world? Why here?

IV. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE:

LESSON 2: PLATE BOUNDARIES

 Define the different types of plate boundaries.

II. CONCEPT NOTES:

III. GUIDED ACTIVITY:

SPOT THE DIFFERENCE

1. Study Figure 6, 7 and 8 showing the three types of convergent boundaries.

A. ICOCEAN PLTEA - ________________________

IV. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE:

Q1. What plate boundary shows the sliding of two plates?

Q3. What plate boundary shows the collision of two plates?

Q4. What are the three types of convergent boundary?

FILL THE MISSING PIECE!

What you need?

What you have to do?

TABLE 1: PLATE BOUNDARIES

DIRECTION OF MOTION TYPE OF BOUNDARY EXAMPLE

Two plates come together,

Transform Fault Boundary

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