Name: Desiree L.

Oliveros Date: November 5, 2020

Chemistry 2
WW3: Long
Quiz
Matter in Liquid and Solid Phase

Directions: Explain comprehensively the following with proper reasoning of concepts. Answers
should be in complete sentence.

1. Explain the relationship between each term pair: (15pts.)

Answer: Viscosity refers to the resistance of liquid to flow while temperature refers to
the manifestation of whether a matter is either hot or cold. The relationship between the
two is inversely proportional. Viscosity depends strongly on temperature. When the
temperature increases in liquid, its viscosity decreases, and vice versa.

B. Surface Tension and Temperature

Answer: Surface tension refers to the property of the surface of the liquid that allows it to
resist an external force due to the cohesive nature of the water molecules. Its relationship
with temperature is inversely proportional. Surface tension decreases when temperature
increases, this is because when there is a higher temperature, the cohesive forces of the
liquid decrease.

C. Surface Tension and Viscosity

Answer: Viscosity and surface tension are dependent on molecular interactions. The
relationship of both property is directly proportional. As the surface tension of the liquid
increases, the viscosity increases. This is because when the temperature increases, both
surface tension and viscosity decreases making both of them directly proportional to each
other. To explain further, this is based on a concept that particles in liquid gain energy
from heat by rising temperature, and the conversion of energy into kinetic energy
happens. Since the particles have more kinetic energy, they fast and rapid, causing the
intermolecular force attraction in liquids become weak.
2. Based on their composition and structure, list in order of (a) increasing molecular forces, (b)
increasing viscosity, and (c) increasing surface tension. (10pts.)
𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 , 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐻3 , 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝐻2𝑂𝐻

(a) increasing molecular forces CH3COOCH3 < CH3CH2OH < CH3COOH

Answer: Methyl Acetate < Ethanol < Acetic Acid, to explain this, methyl acetate has
no OH group to be considered as having a hydrogen bond, thus it has only London
dispersion force that's why it is the least among the three in terms of molecular forces,
ethanol on the other hand, has a special class of dipole-dipole forces, it has two polar
molecules and both possess dipole moments, making it second in the increasing list, and
lastly, acetic acid has hydrogen bonding, it contains the OH group based on its
components, which is stronger among the two, making it the highest in the list of
increasing molecular forces.

(b) increasing viscosity CH3COOCH3 < CH3CH2OH < CH3COOH

Answer: Methyl Acetate < Ethanol < Acetic Acid, in terms of viscosity of the three
compounds, this is the increasing order. Since viscosity increase when the intermolecular
forces increase, then methyl acetate will be the least among the three since it has only
London dispersion forces, while ethanol will be second in the increasing order because it
has dipole-dipole forces, and lastly with the highest intermolecular force that equates to a
higher viscosity, is acetic acid due to its intermolecular force which is hydrogen bonding.
(c) increasing surface tension CH3COOCH3 < CH3CH2OH < CH3COOH

Answer: Methyl Acetate < Ethanol < Acetic Acid, this is the increasing order of these
compounds in relation to surface tension. As reference, stronger molecular forces will
produce greater surface tensions. Based on the structures of the compounds listed, methyl
acetate has a weaker intermolecular force which is dispersion forces causing it to have a
weaker surface tension, thus making it least in the list. Next is ethanol, since ethanol has
dipole-dipole forces, which is stronger than methyl acetate, making it have a higher
surface tension and have as second order in the list. Lastly is acetic acid, it has the
greatest surface tension among the two. Since it has the hydrogen bonding, this makes it
the highest in the list in terms of surface tension.

3. Classify their strongest force holding the crystals together in the following
substances. (15pts.)
TYPES OF
CRYSTALS
Molecular Metallic Ionic Covalent
Networks
Dispersion Dipole- Hydrogen Metallic Ionic Bonds Covalent
Force Dipole Bonds Bonds Bonds
D. I2 A. HF B. Al E. CaO C. HCl

A. HF - Hydrogen Fluoride is under the hydrogen bonds. This is because when hydrogen
is attracted to a lone pair of a very electronegative atom, which in this case is fluorine,
is called a hydrogen bonding intermolecular force.

B. Al - Aluminum is under metallic bonds. The reason for this is aluminum is a metallic
element. In definition, metallic bond is a force that holds atoms together in a metallic
substance. What holds the metallic crystal together is the cohesive or binding force
that is caused by the interaction of the positive ions which was left behind by the
electrons.

C. HCl - Hydrochloric Acid is under covalent bonds, despite of its electronegativity, the
size of chlorine atom is larger which makes its electron density low. In connection to
that, HCl does not have hydrogen bonding but a polar covalent bond instead because
of the higher electronegativity of chlorine atom than hydrogen.

D. 𝐼2 - Iodine is under dispersion force because it is the only force present in the
attraction of the atoms. Dispersion forces holds the iodine atom together which is
enough to hold the atoms into solid.

E. CaO - Calcium Oxide is under ionic bonds due to the reason of metal and non-metal
attraction. Calcium is metal and Oxygen is non-metal which when combined a bond is
formed with an ionic nature.