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    2b) Group 7 (Halogens) ) Chlorine Bromine and Iodine PDF

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    FahimDayhan
    This document discusses the properties and reactivity trends of group 7 (halogen) elements chlorine, bromine, and iodine. It notes that chlorine is a yellow-green gas, bromine is a red-brown liquid, and iodine is a purple solid. There is a trend of decreasing volatility down the group from gas to liquid to solid. Displacement reactions provide evidence that reactivity decreases down the group, with chlorine displacing bromine and iodine, but iodine unable to displace the others. This trend is explained by the increasing distance of the outer electron shell from the nucleus and greater electron shielding making the outer electrons less easily gained and the halogens less reactive.

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    2b) Group 7 (Halogens) ) Chlorine Bromine and Iodine PDF

    Uploaded by

    FahimDayhan
    45 views3 pages
    This document discusses the properties and reactivity trends of group 7 (halogen) elements chlorine, bromine, and iodine. It notes that chlorine is a yellow-green gas, bromine is a red-brown liquid, and iodine is a purple solid. There is a trend of decreasing volatility down the group from gas to liquid to solid. Displacement reactions provide evidence that reactivity decreases down the group, with chlorine displacing bromine and iodine, but iodine unable to displace the others. This trend is explained by the increasing distance of the outer electron shell from the nucleus and greater electron shielding making the outer electrons less easily gained and the halogens less reactive.

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    2b) Group 7 (halogens)) chlorine bromine and iodine.pdf

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    This document discusses the properties and reactivity trends of group 7 (halogen) elements chlorine, bromine, and iodine. It notes that chlorine is a yellow-green gas, bromine is a red-brown liquid, and iodine is a purple solid. There is a trend of decreasing volatility down the group from gas to liquid to solid. Displacement reactions provide evidence that reactivity decreases down the group, with chlorine displacing bromine and iodine, but iodine unable to displace the others. This trend is explained by the increasing distance of the outer electron shell from the nucleus and greater electron shielding making the outer electrons less easily gained and the halogens less reactive.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views3 pages

    2b) Group 7 (Halogens) ) Chlorine Bromine and Iodine PDF

    Uploaded by

    FahimDayhan
    This document discusses the properties and reactivity trends of group 7 (halogen) elements chlorine, bromine, and iodine. It notes that chlorine is a yellow-green gas, bromine is a red-brown liquid, and iodine is a purple solid. There is a trend of decreasing volatility down the group from gas to liquid to solid. Displacement reactions provide evidence that reactivity decreases down the group, with chlorine displacing bromine and iodine, but iodine unable to displace the others. This trend is explained by the increasing distance of the outer electron shell from the nucleus and greater electron shielding making the outer electrons less easily gained and the halogens less reactive.

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    Edexcel​ ​IGCSE​ ​Chemistry

    Topic​ ​2:​ ​Inorganic​ ​chemistry


    Group​ ​7​ ​(halogens)​ ​–​ ​chlorine,​ ​bromine​ ​and​ ​iodine

    Notes

    www.pmt.education
    2.5​ ​know​ ​the​ ​colours,​ ​physical​ ​states​ ​(at​ ​room​ ​temperature)​ ​and​ ​trends​ ​in
    physical​ ​properties​ ​of​ ​these​ ​elements

    ● Chlorine​ ​is​ ​a​ ​yellow-green​​ ​gas


    ● Bromine​ ​is​ ​a​ ​red-brown​​ ​liquid
    ● Iodine​ ​is​ ​a​ ​purple​​ ​solid
    ● There​ ​is​ ​a​ ​trend​ ​in​ ​state​ ​from​ ​gas​ ​to​ ​liquid​ ​to​ ​solid​ ​down​ ​the​ ​group

    2.6​ ​use​ ​knowledge​ ​of​ ​trends​ ​in​ ​Group​ ​7​ ​to​ ​predict​ ​the​ ​properties​ ​of​ ​other
    halogens
    ● There​ ​is​ ​a​ ​trend​ ​in​ ​state​ ​from​ ​gas​ ​to​ ​liquid​ ​to​ ​solid​ ​down​ ​the​ ​group
    ● this​ ​is​ b
    ​ ecause​ ​the​ ​melting​ ​and​ ​boiling​ ​points​ ​increase​ ​as​ ​you​ ​go​ ​down​ ​the​ ​group
    ● from​ ​this,​ ​you​ ​can​ ​predict​ ​that​ ​any​ ​halogens​ ​above​ ​chlorine​ ​will​ ​be​ ​gases​ ​(their
    boiling​ ​points​ ​will​ ​be​ ​even​ ​lower),​ ​and​ ​any​ ​below​ ​iodine​ ​will​ ​be​ ​solids​ ​(their
    melting​ ​points​ ​will​ ​be​ ​even​ ​greater)

    2.7​ ​understand​ ​how​ ​displacement​ ​reactions​ ​involving​ ​halogens​ ​and​ ​halides


    provide​ ​evidence​ ​for​ ​the​ ​trend​ ​in​ ​reactivity​ ​in​ ​Group​ ​7

    ● A​ ​more​ ​reactive​ ​halogen​ ​can​ ​displace​ ​a​ ​less​ ​reactive​ ​in​ ​an​ ​aqueous​ ​solution​ ​of​ ​its
    salt.
    ● E.g.​ ​Chlorine​ ​will​ ​displace​ ​bromine​ ​if​ ​you​ ​ ​bubble​ ​the​ ​gas​ ​through​ ​a​ ​solution​ ​of
    potassium​ ​bromide:
    Chlorine​​ ​+​ ​Potassium​ ​Bromide​ ​→​ ​Potassium​ ​Chloride​ ​+​ ​Bromine
    ● chlorine​ ​will​ ​displace​ ​bromine​ ​and​ ​iodine
    ● bromine​ ​will​ ​displace​ ​iodine​ ​but​ ​not​ ​chlorine
    ● iodine​ ​can​ ​replace​ ​neither​ ​chlorine​ ​or​ ​iodine

    ● This​ ​happens​ ​because​ ​as​ ​you​ ​go​ ​down​ ​the​ ​group,​ ​the​ ​reactivity​ ​of​ ​halogens
    decreases.

    www.pmt.education
    2.8​ ​(chemistry​ ​only)​ ​explain​ ​the​ ​trend​ ​in​ ​reactivity​ ​in​ ​Group​ ​7​ ​in​ ​terms​ ​of
    electronic​ ​configurations

    ● The​ ​halogens​ ​react​ ​by​ ​gaining​ ​an​ ​electron​ ​in​ ​their​ ​outer​ ​shell,​ ​as​ ​you​ ​go​ ​down​ ​the
    group:
    o outer​ ​shell​ ​becomes​ ​further​ ​from​ ​the​ ​nucleus
    o electron​ ​shielding​ ​increases
    o attraction​ ​decreases​ ​between​ ​nucleus​ ​and​ ​outer​ ​electrons
    o electrons​ ​are​ ​gained​ ​less​ ​easily
    o halogens​ ​become​ ​less​ ​reactive

    www.pmt.education

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