Lesson 2.1.

Words of wisdom
1. Wise words – мудрі слова
2. find one’s feet – start to feel confident and to deal with things successfully; привикнути до нової
ситуації
3. Do the trick – зробити свою справу, спрацювати/to produce a desired result
4. Primatologist – smbth who studies Primates especially other than recent humans
5. Setback – a slowing of progress; невдача
6. Columnist – observer; оглядач
7. Learning curve – the course of progress in learning smth; крива навчання
8. Learn the ropes – find out how something is done in a particular place or situation: знати всі
тонкощі
9. Work (or run) oneself into the ground – exhaust oneself by working or running very hard.
10.Profound – глибокий, very great and intense
11.Gut feeling – шосте відчуття
12.over the hill - no longer young, and therefore no longer attractive or good at doing things
13.go far - think they will be successful in the future
14.reach the peak – the time when something or someone is best, greatest, highest, most successful
15.go downhill – when situation gets worse
16.at a crossroads - when someone has to make very important decisions which will affect their future
17.hard to swallow - difficult to believe
18.regurgitate - to repeat facts, ideas, that you have read or heard without thinking about them
19.food for thought - something that makes you think carefully
20.half-baked – idea has not been properly planned
21.wasting precious time – using time badly
22.put aside some time – keep time free
23.can’t afford to spend time – don’t have time to do something
24.live on borrowed time – survive after you would expect to be dead
25.flash of inspiration – when someone suddenly have a clever idea
26.bright - intelligent and able learn things quickly
27.shine - to be very good at something
28.dim – тупий – not intelligent
29.construct a theory - to form a sentence, argument or system by joining words, ideas etc. together
30.support a theory - make people believe an idea that is intended to explain smth about life or the
world
31.fall down - to fail because of a particular reason or in a particular way
32.foundations - basic ideas, principles, situations etc. that something develops from
33.make a killing - to make a lot of money in a short time
34.launch a campaign - to start something, usually something big or important
35.target - to make something have an effect on a particular limited group or area
36.join forces - to work together so that you can deal with a problem, be more powerful etc.
 Lesson 2.2. Changing your mind
1. preconception – a belief or opinion that you have already formed before you know the actual
facts, and that may be wrong
2. dispel – to make (something such as belief, feeling, idea) go away or end
3. stigmas – an identifying mark or characteristic
4. tackle – to solve
5. accusation – a change of claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong
6. presumably – by reasonable assumption
7. riot – a violence disturbance of the peace by a crowd
8. candid – truthful and straight forward
9. impair – weaken or damage something (especially a human facility or function)
10. convincing – making you believe that something is true or right
11. eye-opening – an eye-opening experience is one from which you learn something surprising or
new
12. perspective – a way of thinking about something, especially one which is influenced by the type
of person you are or by your experiences
13. narrow-minded – unwilling to accept or understand new or different ideas, opinions, or customs
14. second thoughts - doubts about a decision you have made
15. stereotype - a belief or idea of what a particular type of person or thing is like, often unfair or
untrue
16. general opinion –the opinion that most people have about something
17. keep your opinions to yourself – to not say what you really think
18. personal opinion – what you yourself think about something or someone
19. opinionated – expressing very strong opinions about things
20. idealistic - believing that you should live according to high standards and principles, even if they
cannot really be achieved
21. difference of opinion – an occasion when two people disagree
22. opinion is divided – people have different opinions about something
23. matter of opinion – used to say that you disagree, or that people disagree about something
24. be entitled to their own opinion - used especially when politely disagreeing with what someone
says
25. however - used when saying something that seems different or surprising after your previous
statement
26. consequently - as a result, therefore
27. additionally - in addition, also
28. so - used to say that something happens or is true as a result of the situation you have just stated
29. on the other hand - used to give another opinion or fact that should be considered as well as the
one you have just given
30. in addition - used to add another piece of information to what you have just said
31. in fact - used to emphasize that the truth about a situation is the opposite of what has been
mentioned
32. furthermore - in addition to what has already been said
33. nevertheless - in spite of the fact that you have just mentioned
34. for this reason - used when giving a good reason for doing something
35. likewise - in the same way
36. in conclusion - used in a piece of writing or a speech to show that you are about to finish what
you are saying
 Lesson 2.3. Who do you trust
1.poll – the number of votes made in election
2.clergy – people such as priests who are the leaders of a religion
3.versed interest – a personal or private reason for wanting something to be done
4.have an axe to grind – an ulterior often selfish underlying purpose
5.play devil’s advocate - to pretend to disagree with someone in order to have a good discussion
about something
6.speak my mind - to tell people exactly what you think, even if it offends them
7.sit on the fence - to avoid saying which side of an argument you support
8.beat about the bush - to avoid or delay talking about something embarrassing or unpleasant
9.impartial – not partial or biased
10.agenda – a list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting / to-do list
11.mouthpiece – someone who speaks for another person or for a group or organization
12.rigorous – extremely thorough, exhaustive, accurate
13.spout – express one’s view or idea
14.dispassionate – not influenced by strong emotion and also able to be rational and impartial
15.biased way - упереджений шлях
16.libel trials – випробовувальні наклепи
17.have a slant – мати нахил
 Lesson 2.4. Chess master
1. innate talent - an innate talent is one you are born with
2. put success down to - to think that a success is caused by something else
3. lifelong passion - a very strong liking for something, that has lasted all someone’s life
4. academically gifted - concerned with studying from books, as opposed to practical work
5. artistically gifted - having a natural ability to do one or more things relating to art or culture
extremely well
6. physically gifted - having a natural physical ability to do one or more things extremely well
7. inherit - to have the same character or appearance as your parents
8. trait - a particular quality in someone’s character
9. shape - to influence something such as a belief, opinion etc and make it develop in a particular
way
10. defeat – win a victory over in a battle or other contest
11. grandmaster – an expert player who has consistently scored high in international
competition
12. spot – see, notice or recognize someone
13. take on – adopt
14. unassuming – not pretentious or arrogant, modest
15. adolescent – a young person in the process of developing from a child into an adult
16. nurture - the way a person or animal was raised
17. instil – gradually but firmly establish in a person’s mind
18. endow – give or bequeath an income or property to
19. encouragement – an action of giving someone support, confidence of hope
20. resemble – look or seem like
21. claim – заявляти
22. exposure – зовнішній вплив
23. unsubstantiated – необгрунтовано
24. soothing – заспокійливий
25. nursery rhymes – дитячі віршики