The Impact of Micro Enterprise Development on the Poor

Women: The Case of Addis Ababa Emmanuel United Church

Thesis Proposal submitted to Addis Ababa University….

Amsale Wube

Submitted to: …….., Advisor

January 2020
Contents

1. Abstract .............................................................................................................................................. 4

2. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 5

3. Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................................. 7

4. Literature Review ............................................................................................................................... 8

4.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................ 8

4.2 The Role of Micro-Enterprise Development in Ethiopia ................................................................ 9
4.3 Ethiopian MED Strategy ........................................................................................................... 10
4.4 Emperical Evidence .................................................................................................................. 11
4.5 Faith-Based Development Projects .......................................................................................... 11
4.6 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 12
5. Research Questions.......................................................................................................................... 12

6. Conceptual framework .................................................................................................................... 13

7. Objective ............................................................................................................................................ 8

7.1 General Objective ............................................................................................................................ 8

7.2 Specific Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 8
8. Research methods.............................................................................................................................. 9

8.1 Study area ........................................................................................................................................ 9

8.2 Study design ............................................................................................................................... 9
The study will use mixed approach, quantitative followed by qualitative techniques. ........................ 9
8.3 Study subjects ............................................................................................................................ 9
8.4 Sample size............................................................................................................................... 10
8.5 Sampling technique.................................................................................................................. 10
8.6 Method of data collection........................................................................................................ 10
9 Operational definitions of terms...................................................................................................... 10

10. Work plan ......................................................................................................................................... 12

11. Estimated Budget ............................................................................................................................. 13

12. References ....................................................................................................................................... 14

13. Appendices/Annexes ....................................................................................................................... 16

Acronym

CSA Central Statistical Authority

ETB Ethiopian Birr

EUC Emmanuel United Church

FBD Faith-Based Development

GDP Gross Domestic Product

HMD Holistic Mission Department

ILO International Labour Organisation

MED Micro-enterprise Development Program

MoTI Ministry of Trade and Industry

MSE Micro- and Small Enterprise

NGOs Non-Governmental Organisations

PLCs Private Limited Companies

USAID United States Agency for International Development

 1. Abstract

This study will assess the impact of Faith-based Micro Enterprise Development (MED)

aimed at improving the socio-economic condition of the poor, especially women addressed by

Addis Ababa Emmanuel United Church. The study will use mixed approach which combines

the quantitative and qualitative techniques. To determine the changes due to FB MED, the

condition of their life before and after the intervention will be compared. Both open-ended and

close-ended interview-questionnaires, financial records of participants, will be used in

collecting quantitative data. Site visit and observation will also be used to get first-hand

information in collecting qualitative data. Focus group discussions will be carried out with

MED staffs and other key actors and stakeholders.

The research paper will present an overview of intervention, the trends in loan and

savings mobilization of ten MED operating in Addis Ababa Emmanuel United Church. Mainly

the effectiveness and impacts of FB MED will be analyzed & evaluated. Finally, based on the

key findings and conclusions the study will try to draw recommendation & suggest further

research areas.
 2. Introduction

2.1 Background

Economic growth is essential to addressing unemployment, gender equality, health and

other poverty-related issues worldwide.1 Key to economic growth is enterprise development.

Enterprise development encompasses microfinance, enterpreneurship development, investment,

and growth in small, medium and microenterprise.2

The micro and small business sector is recognized as a component of economic

development and a crucial element in the effort to lift countries out of poverty.3 In developing

countries Micro-and Small Enterprises (MSEs) has a dynamic role through which the growth

objectives of developing countries can be achieved and this has been recognized.4

In developing countries, the MSE sector has been instrumental in bringing about economic

transition by providing goods and services, which are of adequate quality and are reasonably

priced, and by effectively using the skills and talents of a large number of people without

requiring high-level training.5 Their share of overall employment tends to be higher, mainly

focused on small-scale production.

In all successful economies, the small business sector is seen as more equitable income

distribution, activate competition, exploit role of markets, enhance productivity, and technical

change. The combinations of all of these measures are to stimulate economic development.

This is not to deny the importance of large industries and other enterprises for the growth of the

1
Gebre-Egziabher, Tegegne and Ayenew, Meheret, Micro-and Small Enterprises as Vehicles for Poverty
Reduction, Employment Creation and Business Development: The Ethiopian Experience, Forum for Social
Studies Research Report No. 6, Addis Ababa, Eclipse publisher, 2010, 1.
2
http://communities.seepnetwork.org/edexchange/node/271.
3
Wolfenson, J. D. (2007). ‘The Challenges of Globalization: the role of the World Bank. Paper presented at
the address to the Bundestag Berlin, Germany, 28-39.
4
Fisseha Y. (1992). `Small Scale Enterprises in Lesotho: Summary of a Country-wide Survey’. Gemini Technical
Report No.14, Washington D.C. Development Alternatives Inc, 43.
5
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2008). Profile of Employment and Poverty in Africa. Report on
Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. East Africa Multi-Disciplinary Advisory Team
(EAMAT). Geneva, ILO Publications, 56.
Ethiopian economy. However, the average capital cost per job created is usually lower than big

business. The role of MED in technical and other innovative activities is vital for many of the

challenges facing Ethiopia.6

The MSE sector is a quick remedy for unemployment problem. To reduce unemployment

and facilitate the environment for new job seekers and self-employment a direct intervention

and support of the government is crucial. The aim of MSE development and the provision of

MSE services are to enable the entrepreneurs to take advantage of market opportunities and

improve the access to skill development opportunities that strengthen entrepreneurial

capabilities.7

This research will be conducted on Faith-based organization Micro-enterprise Development

Projects taking the case of Addis Ababa Emmanuel United Church.

The Emmanuel United Church (EUC) is located in Kirkos Sub city kETBele 10 around

Mexico area, established before 14years. Currently the church has more than 800 members, 13

Pastors and Evangelists, 13 employed professionals, 6 church planting workers and 2

development workers. The total full time ministers are 32. Additionally, there are 12 volunteer

workers. The mission of the church is Evangelism, Disciples and helping economically poor

people in Addis Ababa city and nearby towns. In addition to spiritual ministry, the church has

Holistic Mission Department to extend its support to the needy people in the area by organizing

(faith-based) microenterprise development to provide microfinance service.

6
Ministry of Trade and Industry Ethiopia, 1997:9
7
United Nations Industrial Development Organizations, 2002:36.
 3. Statement of the Problem

Ethiopia is confronted with several factors that affect the performance of the enterprise.

Financial problems, lack of qualified employees, lack of proper financial records, marketing

problems and lack of work premises, etc are the major factors. Besides, institutional

constraints, a complex legal environment, shortage of adequate business development, lack of

markets & business skills and appropriate technology are lack of success in the basis of

achieving their basic needs. In addition to the above mentioned constraints personal attitudes or

internal factors affect the performance of MED.8

When we observe the status of A.A.EUC’s activity there are similarities with the general

figure of Ethiopian Microenterprise development. MSEs under the church have been faced

problems from the start up to now. The effectiveness of FB-MED is the implementation of the

church’s goal aimed at improving the socio-economic condition of the poor, especially women

and the impact of FB-MED is evangelism through the church’s wholistic approach.

Microenterprise development in A.A.EUC’s activity have the tendency to serve as sources

of livelihood to the poor, create employment opportunities, generate income and contribute to

economic growth. The church has a record which shows the financial support for MED purpose

is increasing from 50 to 90 contributors over the last three years and they have different social

activities with poor people around them. However, these outcomes are not measured.

The church has also community health evangelism in their monthly program called “Bunna

Tetu” which is part of site visit of MSEs. Wholistic Department workers, the Church members

and kETBele extension program workers go together to one of the elders’ woman house who

own MSE. People who are beneficiaries from Holistic Department program and some of others

invited and enjoy coffee together. Within this stay the discussion will be started in any issue.

8
Werotew Bezabih Assefa. (2010): Entrepreneurship: An Engine for Sustainable Growth, Development,
prosperity and Good Governance; Genius Training and Consultancy Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 226-37 .
The topics of discussion includes on the ways of transmission of HIV/AIDS, prevention,

stigma and discrimination, sanitation and hygiene, and different social issues and their solution.

The aim is to socialize, to create awareness of health related social issues and to preach gospel

through these way. This is believed as what makes different FB MED from government MED.

However, the impact of this approach were not evaluated.

Therefore, it is necessary to assess whether FB MED in A.A.EUC has effectiveness &

impact according to the goal set by the church.

4. Literature Review

This chapter reviews works on MSEs in Ethiopia in general and Addis Ababa Emmanuel

United Church in particular. The chapter reviews definitions of MSEs, the role of MSEs in

poverty reduction, the Ethiopian MSE strategies, FBD projects, some empirical evidences and

finally a short conclusion.

4.1 Definitions

Different scholars define MSE differently based on the level of development of the

country. In Ethiopia, Ministry of Trade and Industry (MoTI) and the Ethiopian Central

Statistics Authority (CSA) have defined MSE separately.

According to the official definitions of MoTI, micro enterprises are business enterprises

found in all sectors of Ethiopian economy with a paid up capital (fixed assets) of not more than

Birr 20,000.9

The CSA defines micro-enterprises in terms of employment which engages less than 10

persons. Enterprises in the micro-enterprise category are sub-divided into informal sector

operations and cottage industries: The informal sector is defined as household type

9
MoTI, 1997:8-21.
establishments or activities, which are non-registered enterprises and cooperatives operating

with less than 10 persons. Cottage and handicraft industries are those establishments

performing their activities by hand and using non power driven machines.10

According to the legal definition works in Ethiopia now, “micro-enterprise” means an

enterprise having a total capital, excluding building, not exceeding Birr 50,000. In the case of

service sector, not exceeding Birr 100,000. In the case of industrial sector, it engages 5

workers including the owner, his family members and other employees.

Enterprise development is investing time and capital in helping people establish, expand or

improve businesses or modest income-generating activities that contribute to the local

economy.ED encompasses microfinance, enterpreneurship development, investment, and

growth in small, medium and microenterprises. It helps people earn a living by which raising

them out of poverty, creating jobs and empowering individuals, as well as the communities in

which they live. The activities for such goal are like market development, business

development services, commercial business services and social enterprise.11

Faith Based Development Project is a non-profit organization founded by a religious

congregation like churches, mosques and other places of worship established on faith

principles. In Ethiopia throughout rural and urban area there are many projects such as clinics

and hospitals, schools, orphanages, enterprises, service delivery organizations, and training

facilities.12

4.2 The Role of Micro-Enterprise Development in Ethiopia

Enterprise development helps poor people earn a living; raising them out of poverty,

creating jobs and empowering individuals, as well as the communities in which they live. It

includes activities like market development, business development services, value chain

10
CSA, 2003:21.
11
http://communities.seepnetwork.org/edexchange/node/271.
12
Dalelo, Perspectives on Poverty and Development: A Development Education Sourcebook for Theological
Institutions in Ethiopia, ICD Publications: Addis Ababa, 2006, 23
development, commercial business services and social enterprise. Its initiatives range from

providing equity for small start-up business, to providing business skills development through

mentoring, and expansion loans for existing businesses.13

Developing countries like Ethiopia is poorer than we thought, but no less successful in

the fight against poverty. The role played by MSEs, through the various socio-economic

benefits emanating from the sector was found to be eminent in the overall development effort

and process of nations. In other words, by generating larger volumes of employment as well as

higher levels of income, the MSEs will not only have contributed towards poverty reduction,

but they will also have enhanced the welfare and standard of living of the many in the

society.14

According to the World Bank, more than one billion people live on less than US$ 1 per

day. Worldwide, corporations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and international

institutions are recognising the importanceof enterprise development in addressing poverty.15

The Millenium Development Goals play several central roles in global affairs. In 2000, global

leaders representing over 190 countries agreed to fight poverty, set priorities for action and

deadlines for meeting them, and address the cost of achieving and allocate responsibilities.16

4.3 Ethiopian MED Strategy

The Ethiopian government released the country’s first MSEs development strategy in

November 1997 E.C. The primary objective of the national strategy framework is to create an

enabling environment for MSEs. In addition to this basic objective of the national MSE

strategy framework, the MoTI has developed a specific objective which includes, facilitating

economic growth and bring about equitable development, creating long-term jobs,

13
http:/www. Enterprise development
14
Gebre-Egziabher, 2010, 14-15.
15
WB report
16
Katherin Marshal and Marisa Van Saanen, Development and Faith: Where Mind, Heart and Soul Work
Together. The World Bank, Washington D.C. 2007. 19.
strengthening cooperation between MSEs, providing the basis for medium and large scale

enterprises, promoting export, and balancing preferential treatment between MSEs and bigger

enterprises.17

4.4 Emperical Evidence

In Ethiopia, MSEs sector is the second largest employment generating sector following

agriculture. A national survey conducted by Ethiopian CSA in 2005 in 48 major towns

indicates that nearly 585,000 and 3,000 operators engaged in micro and small scale

manufacturing industries respectively, which absorb about 740,000 labor forces. Accordingly,

the whole labor force engaged in the micro enterprises and small scale manufacturing

industries is more than eight folds (740,000 persons) to that of the medium and large scale

manufacturing industries (90,000 persons). This is a contribution of 3.4% to GDP, 33% of the

industrial sector’s contribution and 52% of the manufacturing sector’s contribution to the GDP

of the year 2001.18

4.5 Faith-Based Development Projects

Faith-based organizations played an important role in ensuring food security and poverty

alleviation in Ethiopia. In fact, there are hundreds of projects in the country being run by such

organization in order to assist local communities to break the cycle of poverty and food

insecurity.19

The church in developing countries are involved in development ministries because it is

an integral part of their mission and/or is used as a strategy to urge poor people to strengthen or

even change their faith.20 Faith Based Organizations in Africa and elsewhere have the longest,

17
MoTI, 1997:8-21.
18
CSA
19
Dalelo, 23
20
Aklilu Dalelo and Till Stellmacher, Faith-Based Organisations in Ethiopia: The Contribution of the Kale Hiwot
Church to Rural Schooling, Ecological Balance and Food Security, (Bonn: Bonn University Press), 2012.P.55
widest and deepest reach which makes them instrumental to ensure sustainability. In Ethiopia,

the present socio-economic, cultural and political shape of the country can to a large degree be

attributed to the century’s long interplay between religious organizations, the state and

people.21

4.6 Conclusion

As we can understand from the above definitions, different institutes define micro-

enterprise differently using their own parameters.

The contribution of Micro-enterprise development is one of the persistent strategies of

poverty reduction, employment creation and innovation.

The strategy outlines the policy framework and the institutional environment for promoting

and fostering the development of MSEs and stimulating the entrepreneurial drive in the

country.

Faith based institutions today are increasingly likely to collaborate among themselves and

with development institutions to address poverty and humanitarian needs more forcefully.22

5. Research Questions

• What is the contribution of Faith-based Micro-enterprise to poverty reduction and

change in livelihood of the poor people?

• What different aspects that Faith-based Micro-enterprise development project

addresses?

21
Aklilu Dalelo Faith and Development in Africa, unpublished. 2013. p19
22
Katherin Marshal and Marisa Van Saanen, Development and Faith: Where Mind, Heart and Soul Work
Together. The World Bank, Washington D.C. 2007. P2
 6. Conceptual framework

Legal factor

Working
premise

Context
ual
Financial
factors
factor

Marketing
factor

Impact
Assess of FB
Social Factor ment
FB MED
MED

Internal Business Skill

factors factors

Subjective
factors
 The effectiveness and impact of faith-based micro-enterprise project can be influenced by

both contextual and internal factors and these factors can be known by assessment. The

contextual factors include legal, working premises, financial, marketing, social and biblical

factors. The influence of these factors is as a cause for the enterprise’s effectiveness. From

these factors, the biblical factor is mainly to show the impact of faith-based approach on the

poor people aiming they may convert to Jesus Christ. The internal factors that influence the

enterprise’s effectiveness can be classified as subjective and business skill factors. To align the

conceptual framework with the research objectives, effectiveness and impact of FB MED is the

dependent variable whereas financial, biblical and business skill factors are taken as

independent variables for this study.

7. Objective

7.1 General Objective

The general objective of the research will be to assess the effectiveness and impact of

Faith-based Micro-enterprise Development Projects in A.A EUC activity in implementing the

project goal where addressing poor people’s need in the development of MSE approach.

7.2 Specific Objectives

• To evaluate the effectiveness by comparing the aim set by A.A.EUC FB MED with

MDGs, mainly MDG-1(eradicating extreme poverty and hunger by boosting economic

growth and creating jobs) and MDG-3(promoting gender equality and empowering

women to be able to provide for themselves and their families) ; and

 • To assess the magnitude of changes in the socio-economic condition of poor

entrepreneurs supported by the church’s Faith-based development project;

• To assess the impact of A.A.EUC MED on MSEs livelihood as Faith-based enterprise.

• To show the level of the FB MED’s activity and to suggest the better way of

performance.

8. Research methods

8.1 Study area

The study will be carrying out in 10 micro-enterprises run by Addis Ababa Emmanuel

United Church, Kirkos Sub city kETBele 10, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

8.2 Study design

The study will use mixed approach, quantitative followed by qualitative techniques.

8.3 Study subjects

To assess the effectiveness and the impact of Faith-based Micro Enterprise Development

Projects (MED) aimed at improving the socio-economic condition of the poor, especially

women addressed by Addis Ababa Emmanuel United Church. Under the MED there are 10

MSEs. These MSEs are owned by 10 women who are interested to work from elderly women

who receive monthly financial support from the Holistic Mission Department in order to meet

their basic needs.

8.4 Sample size

There are 10 micro-enterprises under A.A EUC FB MED. The sampling technique

which will be used on this study is non-probability sampling hence this study will include all

the 10 MSEs. Since it is small number of MSEs the study will incorporate all of the 10 MSEs.

8.5 Sampling technique

As the study will take all the available MED projects it will not use any sampling

methods. The result of these projects can be used as a sample for other Faith-based MED.

8.6 Method of data collection

A combination of methods will be used as it enables this study to overcome the different

weaknesses inherent in both methods.

Quantitative data: Both open-ended and close-ended interview-questionnaires, financial

records of participants, will be used in collecting.

Qualitative data: Site visit and observation will also be used to get first-hand information in

collecting. Focus group discussions will also be carried out with MED staffs and other key

actors and stakeholders.

9 Operational definitions of terms

Enterprise: In this study it refers to a unit of economic organization or activity whether

public or private engaged into the manufacturing of goods.23

Effectiveness: implementing and meeting the objectives and goals set by of A.A EUC HMD.

23
Enterprise Definition, the free encyclopaedia, website (February 2014, http://www.Wikipedia.org)
Impact: a marked influence or change on the poor because of the Faith-based micro-enterprise

development project. It can be negative, positive or nil.

Micro-enterprise: is investing time and capital in helping people establish income-generating

activities that specializes on providing goods or services for local economy.24

Micro-Finance: is the provision of financial services primarily savings and credit to the poor

and low income households with very small business that they are un-bankable due to their

lack of collateral.25

Faith-Based Organization: a non-profit organization founded by a religious congregation that

clearly states in its mission statement.

Factors: a factor for this study is a contributory aspect such as legal, working premises,

financial, marketing, social, biblical, subjective and business skill influences the performance

of micro-enterprises.

Performance: defined in terms of profitability or loss or no change of the micro-enterprise

which will be measured by change in socio-economic status of study participant’s livelihood

before and after the intervention.

Subjective: feelings or opinions of individual based on personal characteristics

Poor: related to a state of poverty people whose incomes fall below a given poverty line.26

24
Micro-enterprise Definition, the free encyclopedia, website (February 2014, http://www.Wikipedia.org)
25
Micro-finance Definition, the free encyclopaedia, website (February 2014, http://www.Wikipedia.org)
26
Poor Definition, the free encyclopedia, website (February 2014, http://www.Wikipedia.org)
 10. Work plan

January FETBruary March April June

Phases/Activities
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Proposal Submission

Select supervisor & data

collector & conduct

orientation

Pre-testing of the survey

instrument

Data collection

Data entering

Data Analysis

Prepare report

Interpretation & Conclusion

Finalizing

Disseminating the finding to

different bodies
 11. Estimated Budget

S.No. Items/Activities Total Cost Remark

1 Personnel 1,800.00ETB Supervisor & Data Collector

Supplies & Stationary Pen, Pencil, Eraser, Sharpener &

2 items 800.00ETB Marker

Printing paper, Questionnaire

Secretarial Service
3 900.00ETB duplication

4 Local Transport 1,800.00ETB

5 Internet 1,900.00ETB

Tea, Coffee & Cookies for FB MED

Refreshment Staffs & MSE owners during data

6 3,500.00ETB collection

7 Hall Rent 3,000.00ETB For meeting & training

8 Miscellaneous 2,500.00ETB

G.Total 16,200.00ETB
12. References

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), Population Census Commission,

Central Statistical Agency (CSA). (2010). The 2007 Population and Housing

Census of Ethiopia, Results for Addis Ababa City Administration, Statistical Report.

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Fisseha Y. (1992). `Small Scale Enterprises in Lesotho: Summary of a Country-wide

Survey’. Gemini Technical Report No.14, Washington D.C. Development

Alternatives Inc.

GETBre-Egziabher, Tegegne and Ayenew, Meheret, Micro-and Small Enterprises as

Vehicles for Poverty Reduction, Employment Creation and Business Development:

The Ethiopian Experience, Forum for Social Studies Research Report No. 6, Addis

Ababa, Eclipse publisher, 2010.

International Labour Organization (ILO). (2008). Profile of Employment and Poverty in

Africa. Report on Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. East

Africa Multi-Disciplinary Advisory Team (EAMAT). Geneva, ILO Publications.

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), Ministry of Trade and Industry

(MoTI). Micro and Small Enterprise Development Strategy. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,

1997.

Profile on Micro Finance Service, Addis Ababa City Administration, Trade & Industry

Development Bureau, A.A Investment Agency, Report 2013.

United Nations Industrial Development Organizations, 2002.

Werotew Bezabih Assefa. (2010): Entrepreneurship: An Engine for Sustainable Growth,

Development, prosperity and Good Governance; Genius Training and Consultancy

Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Wolfenson, J. D. (2007). ‘The Challenges of Globalization: the role of the World Bank.

Paper presented at the address to the Bundestag Berlin, Germany.

Yirsaw, Alemayehu, the performance of Micro-Finance Institutions in Ethiopia: the case

of six Micro-Finance institutions, A.A, 2008.

 13. Appendices

Addis Ababa University

Introduction

Dear Participants of the study:

I, Amsale Wube, am a student at Addis Ababa University in the department of…….

who prepares thesis in completion of a Degree Program. The theme of my study is “the

positive influence of Microfinances that are established by the wholistic ministry division of

Emmanuel Church in Kirkos sub-city.” You are a candidate for the study. Your participation

depends on your own consent. The information you provide is so crucial for the success of

the study that I ask you to carefully fill the questionnaire. The information you provide will

be confidential and its’ use is limited only to this study. The identity of each participant will

not be disclosed, published and distributed by any means.

Amsale Wube

Note: You are not expected to write your name on the questionnaire
Part One: Background information

1. Sex_____ Age______ Education Level_______

2. How many members are there in your family?

3. How much is your family’s total monthly income?

4. How much is your monthly expenses?

5. What is your source of income?

6. Have you ever struggled to fulfill your family’s daily food need?

7. If yes, How frequently?

8. Did anyone from your family have been sick of food deficiency?

9. Have you ever been in shortage to cover your family’s medical costs?

10. What did you do to generate income before you started this work?

11. How much could you make by that time?

Part Two: General Information concerning Microenterprises under Addis Ababa Emmanuel

United Church

1. What type of business do you do?

a. garments and clothing b. food c. wood and metal work d. Other

(please explain)

2. How did you find money to start your business?

a. personal saving b. family c. bank loan d.Non-Governmental

Organization e. friends g. community contribution h. other (specify)

3. Which one do you think is crucial for the success of your business and why?

a. Business Plan b. Business opportunities c. Business creativity group d.

business skill training

4. With how much capital did you start this business?

5. How many days in a week do you do this work?

6. How much profit do you make from this job?

7. How much of it do you use to cover living expenses?

8. Did you hire any other labor for the work load?

9. If yes, how much do you pay as a salary or a wage?

10. Is there any progress on your income after you started this work?

11. If yes, how do you measure it?

Part Three: Impeding factors for the success of Microenterprise Investment that result in

negative influence

Below are probable reasons that assumed to impede the work progress of microfinance

investment. Of the reasons listed please indicate those that are obstacles for your business

and the intensity of their influence. Tick in the box provided only on one reason for each

question.

5 = Totally agree 4= Agree 3= I cannot say 2= Disagree

1= completely disagree

1 2 3 4 5

1. Laws, regulations and proclamations related

to my business are not satisfying

2. The space that I have now is not comfortable

for my business

3. Suitable technology is not available for my

business

4. I do not afford recent technological products

due to financial constraint

5. Coming short of technical skills

6. Coming short of business development

services

7. Lack of opportunity to join the market

stream

8. Difficult to look for new marketing

opportunities
9. The demand of the market in the future is

unpredictable

10. Appropriate information is not available on

transaction

11. Products are not advertised appropriately

12. Poor customer treatment

13. Loaning organizations are not adequate

enough

14. Lack of financial management skill

15. Falling short of money to run the business

16. Work and responsibility is not distributed

evenly and in a transparent manner

17. Lack of organization and ineffective way

of conduct

18. Experienced and well trained staff are not

available

19. Lack of appropriate and affordable training

which would be useful for the level

20. Lack of long-term business plan

21. Lack of enthusiasm to create jobs

22. Lack of dedication for work

23. Lack of persevering in cases of temporary

failure and lack of sense of responsibility

24. Not determining one’s own strength and

weakness
 25. Job creativity training is not available

26. Lack of experience sharing with businesses

that are in the same field and are already successful

Part Four: for women’s who are under A.A.EUC HDM support.

A) General Information

1. What type of business do you do?

a. garments and clothing b. food c. wood and metal work d. Other (please

explain)

2. How did you find money to start your business?

a. personal saving b. family c. bank loan d.Non-Governmental

Organization e. friends g. community contribution h. other (specify)

3. Which one do you think is crucial for the success of your business and why?

a. Business Plan b. Business opportunities c. Business creativity group d.

business skill training

4. With how much capital did you start this business?

5. How many days in a week do you do this work?

6. How much profit do you make from this job?

7. How much of it do you use to cover living expenses?

8. Did you hire any other labor for the work load?

9. If yes, how much do you pay as a salary or a wage?

10. Is there any progress on your income after you started this work?

11. If yes, how do you measure it?

B) Impeding factors for the success of Microenterprise Investment that result in negative

influence

Below are probable reasons that assumed to impede the work progress of microfinance

investment. Of the reasons listed please indicate those that are obstacles for your business

and the intensity of their influence. Tick in the box provided only on one reason for each

question.

5 = Totally agree 4= Agree 3= I cannot say 2= Disagree 1=

completely disagree

1 2 3 4 5

1. Laws, regulations and proclamations related

to my business are not satisfying

2. The space that I have now is not comfortable

for my business

3. Suitable technology is not available for my

business

4. I do not afford recent technological products

due to financial constraint

5. Coming short of technical skills

6. Coming short of business development

services

7. Lack of opportunity to join the market

stream

8. Difficult to look for new marketing

opportunities

9. The demand of the market in the future is

unpredictable

10. Appropriate information is not available on

transaction

11. Products are not advertised appropriately

12. Poor customer treatment

13. Loaning organizations are not adequate

enough

14. Lack of financial management skill

15. Falling short of money to run the business

16. Work and responsibility is not distributed

evenly and in a transparent manner

17. Lack of organization and ineffective way

of conduct

18. Experienced and well trained staff are not

available

19. Lack of appropriate and affordable training

which would be useful for the level

20. Lack of long-term business plan

21. Lack of enthusiasm to create jobs

22. Lack of dedication for work

23. Lack of persevering in cases of temporary

failure and lack of sense of responsibility

24. Not determining one’s own strength and

weakness

25. Job creativity training is not available

26. Lack of experience sharing with businesses

that are in the same field and are already successful

 አዲስ አበባ ዪኒቨርስቲ

መግቢያ

ውድ የጥናቱ ተሳታፊዎች፡-

እኔ አምሳለ ውቤ የአዲስ አበባ ዪኒቨርስቲ የ….ዲፓርትመንት ተመራቂ ተማሪ ስሆን በአሁን ሰዓት ለምረቃ ትምህርቴ

ማሟያ የሚሆን የጥናት ፅሁፌን በማዘጋጀት ላይ እገኛለሁ፡፡ የጥናቴ ርዕስ “በአማኑኤል ቤተ-ክርስቲያን የሁለንተናዊ

አገልግሎት ዘርፍ የተቋቋሙ የጥቃቅንና አነስተኛ የንግድ ተቋማት በጎ ተፅእኖ” የሚል ነው፡፡ ጥናቴ እርስዎን

ስለሚመለከት አስፈላጊውን መረጃ በመስጠት እንዲሳተፉ ተመርጠዋል፡፡ እርስዎ የሚሰጡት ትክክለኛውን መረጃ

ለጥናቱ ውጤታማነት በጣም አስፈላጊ በመሆኑ መጠይቁን በጥንቃቄ እንዲሞሉ በአክብሮት እጠይቃለሁ፡፡ ተሳትፎዎ

በእርስዎ በጎ በፈቃደኝነት ላይ የተመሰረተ ነው፡፡ በመጨረሻም የሚሰጡት መረጃ ሚስጥራዊነቱ የተጠበቀና ለዚህ ጥናት

ዓላማ ብቻ እንደሚውል አረጋግጣለሁ፡፡ የማንኛውም መልስ ሰጪ ማንነት በማንኛውም መልኩ የማይታተምና

የማይሰራጭ ይሆናል፡፡ ሁሉም መረጃዎች ለትምህርታዊ ዓላማ ብቻ ይውላሉ፡፡ ጊዜዎን ሰውተው ስለሚያደርጉልኝ

ትብብር በቅድሚያ አመሰግናለሁ፡፡

አምሳለ ውቤ

ማሳሰቢያ - በመጠይቁ ላይ ስም መፃፍ አያስፈልግም፡፡

ክፍል አንድ፡ ጠቅላላ መረጃ

1. ፆታ------- ዕድሜ ------- የትምህርት ደረጃ ----------- የቤተሰብ ብዛት -----------

2. የቤተሰብዎ ወርሃዊ ገቢ ምን ያህል ይሆናል? ሀ/< 600 ለ/<900 ሐ/<1200 መ /<1500

3. የቤተሰብዎ ወርሃዊ ወጪ ምን ያህል ነው? ሀ/< 600 ለ/<900 ሐ/<1200 መ /<1500

4. የቤተሰብዎ የገቢ ምንጭዎ ምንድነው? ሀ/ከግል ሥራ ለ/ከቅጥር ሐ/ከዕርዳታ መ/ሌላ

5. የቤተሰብዎን የእለት ምግብ ለመሸፈን ተቸግረው ያውቃሉ? ሀ/አዎ ለ/አላውቅም

6. ለተ.ቁ. 5 መልስዎ "አዎ" ከሆነ ለምን ያህል ጊዜ? ሀ/ለአጭር ጊዜ ለ/አንዳንድ ጊዜ ሐ/ሁል ጊዜ

7. የቤተሰብዎን የሕክምና ወጪ ለመሸፈን ተቸግረው ያውቃሉ? ሀ/አዎ ለ/አላውቅም

8. አሁን የሚሰሩትን ሥራ ከመጀመርዎ በፊት ገንዘብ ለማግኘት ምን ያደርጉ ነበር?

9. አሁን የሚሰሩትን ሥራ ከመጀመርዎ በፊት የቀን ገቢዎ ምን ያህል ነበር?

ክፍል ሁለት፡ በአ.አ አማኑኤል ሕብረት ቤተ-ክርስቲያን በሁለንተናዊ የልማት አገልግሎት ጥቃቅንና አነስተኛ የንግድ

ተቋም አጠቃላይ መረጃን ብቻ ይመለከታል፡፡

1. አሁን የተሰማሩበት የስራ መስክ ምንድነው?

ሀ. ጨርቃ ጨርቅና አልባሳት ለ. የምግብ አዘገጃጀት ሐ. እንጨትና ብረታ ብረት

መ. ሌላ ካለ ይግለፁ ----------------------

2. በዘርፉ ለመንቀሳቀስ መነሻ ብር ከየት አገኙ?

ሀ.ከግል ቁጠባ መ. መንግስታዊ ካልሆኑ ድርጅቶች ሰ.ከአነስተኛ ብድርና ቁጠባ ተቋም

ለ. ከቤተሰብ ሠ. ከጓደኛ ሸ. ሌላ ካለ ይግለፁ ------------------

ሐ. ከባንክ ረ. ከዕቁብ/እድር

3. ከሚከተሉት ነገሮች ውስጥ ለስራዎ ስኬት በጣም ወሳኝ የሆነው የቱ ነው? ለምን?

ሀ. የንግድ እቅድ ሐ. የስራ ፈጠራ ቡድን

ለ. የንግድ አጋጣሚዎች መ. የንግድ ክህሎት ስልጠናዎች ሠ. ሌላ ካለ ይግለፁ ----------------

ክፍል ሶስት፡ በአ.አ አማኑኤል ሕብረት ቤተ-ክርስቲያን በሁለንተናዊ የልማት አገልግሎት ለጥቃቅንና አነስተኛ ተቋማት

የስራ እንቅስቃሴ ውጤታማነት ገቺ የሆኑና በስራ ላይ ተፅእኖ የሚያሳድሩ ጉዳዮች

ከዚህ በታች ለጥቃቅንና አነስተኛ ተቋማት የአፈፃፀም ችግር ሊሆኑ የሚችሉ ነገሮች ተዘርዝረዋል፡፡ ከተዘረዘሩት ችግሮች

የእርስዎን የስራ ዘርፍ በይበልጥ ውጤታማ እንዳይሆን እንዲሁም ተፅእኖ የሚያሳድሩትን በደረጃ ያመላክቱ፡፡

ለእያንዳንዱ ጥያቄ ከአማራጮቹ አንድ ጊዜ ብቻ መልስዎትን በሳጥኑ ውስጥ ( ) የእርማት ምልክት በማድረግ ምላሽ

ይስጡ፡፡

5 = በጣም እስማማለሁ 4 = እስማማለሁ 3 = ለመወሰን እቸገራለሁ 2 = አልስማማም

1 = በጣም አልስማማም

5 4 3 2 1

1. ከስራዬ ጋር ተዛማጅ የሆኑ ህጎች፣ ደንቦችና አዋጆች

ተደራሽ አለመሆን፡፡

2. አሁን ያለሁበት ቦታ ለስራ አመቺ አለመሆን፡፡

3. ለስራዬ ተገቢ የሆነ ግብዓት አለመኖር፡፡

4. በቂ የሆነ የሥራ ብቃት አለመኖር፡፡

5. በገንዘብ እጥረት ምክንያት አዳዲስ መሳሪያዎችን አለማግኘት፡፡

6. በቂ የሆነ የገበያ እድል አለመኖር፡፡

7. አዲስ የገበያ አማራጭን የመፈለግ አዳጋችነት፡፡

8. የወደፊት የገበያ ፍላጎትን መተንበይ አለመቻል፡፡

9. በቂ የሆነ የግብይት መረጃ አለመኖር፡፡

10. ምርቶችን በአግባቡ አለማስተዋወቅ፡፡

11. ከደንበኛ ጋር የመግባባት ክህሎት ችግር፡፡

12. በቂ የሆኑ የብድር ተቋማት አለመኖር፡፡

13. የገንዘብ አያያዝ ክህሎት ችግር፡፡

14. በሰራተኞች መካከል ግልፅ የሆነ የስራና

ሀላፊነት ክፍፍል አለመኖር፡፡

15. የአደረጃጀት ችግር፡፡

16. የሰለጠኑ እና ልምድ ያላቸው ሰራተኞች አለመኖር፡፡

17. የረዥም ጊዜ የቢዝነስ እቅድ አለመኖር፡፡

18. ጠንክሮ አለመስራት፡፡

19. ለሚፈጠሩ ጊዜያዊ ውድቀቶች ፀንቶ ሀላፊነትን አለመውሰድ፡፡

20. የራስን ጠንካራና ደካማ ጎን አለመፈተሽ፡፡

21. በቂ የሆነ የስራ ፈጠራ ስልጠና አለማግኘት፡፡

22. በተመሳሳይ ዘርፍ በስራ ፈጣሪነታቸው ውጤታማ

ከሆኑ ተቋማት ልምድ አለመቅሰም፡፡

23. በባህል ምክንያት በማህበረሰቡ የሚፈጠር ለስራዬ ያለ አመለካከት

24. በፆታዬ ምክንያት በማህበረሰቡ የሚፈጠር ለስራዬ ያለ አመለካከት

ክፍል አራት፡ በአ.አ አማኑኤል ሕብረት ቤተ-ክርስቲያን በሁለንተናዊ የልማት አገልግሎት ሥር ታቅፈው ዕርዳታ

ለሚያገኙ
ሀ. ጠቅላላ መረጃ

1. ፆታ------- ዕድሜ ------- የትምህርት ደረጃ ----------- የቤተሰብ ብዛት -----------

2. የቤተሰብዎ ወርሃዊ ገቢ ምን ያህል ይሆናል? ሀ/< 300 ለ/<600 ሐ/<900 መ /<1200

3. የቤተሰብዎ ወርሃዊ ወጪ ምን ያህል ነው? ሀ/< 300 ለ/<600 ሐ/<900 መ /<1200

4. የቤተሰብዎ የገቢ ምንጭዎ ምንድነው? ሀ/ከዕርዳታ ለ/ከቅጥር ሐ/ መ/ሌላ

5. የቤተሰብዎን የእለት ምግብ ለመሸፈን ተቸግረው ያውቃሉ? ሀ/አዎ ለ/አላውቅም

6. ለተ.ቁ. 5 መልስዎ "አዎ" ከሆነ ለምን ያህል ጊዜ? ሀ/ለአጭር ጊዜ ለ/አንዳንድ ጊዜ ሐ/ሁል ጊዜ

7. የቤተሰብዎን የሕክምና ወጪ ለመሸፈን ተቸግረው ያውቃሉ? ሀ/አዎ ለ/አላውቅም

8. ከአማኑኤል ሕብረት ቤተ-ክርስቲያን ዕርዳታ ማግኘት ከመጀመርዎ በፊት ገንዘብ ለማግኘት ምን ያደርጉ ነበር?

9. ከአማኑኤል ሕብረት ቤተ-ክርስቲያን ዕርዳታ ማግኘት ከመጀመርዎ በፊት የቀን ገቢዎ ምን ያህል ነበር?

ለ. በአ.አ አማኑኤል ሕብረት ቤተ-ክርስቲያን በሁለንተናዊ የልማት አገልግሎት ጥቃቅንና አነስተኛ ንግድ ለመጀመር

ገቺ የሆኑ ጉዳዮች

ከዚህ በታች ጥቃቅንና አነስተኛ ንግድ ለመጀመር ችግር ሊሆኑ የሚችሉ ነገሮች ተዘርዝረዋል፡፡ ከተዘረዘሩት ችግሮች

ከእርስዎ አንፃር ችግር ሊሆኑ የሚችሉትን በደረጃ ያመላክቱ፡፡ ለእያንዳንዱ ጥያቄ ከአማራጮቹ አንድ ጊዜ ብቻ

መልስዎትን በሳጥኑ ውስጥ ( ) የእርማት ምልክት በማድረግ ምላሽ ይስጡ፡፡

5 = በጣም እስማማለሁ 4 = እስማማለሁ 3 = ለመወሰን እቸገራለሁ 2 = አልስማማም

1 = በጣም አልስማማም

5 4 3 2 1

1. ስራን ለመጀመር በግል የአካል ጉዳት መኖሩ፡፡

2. አሁን ያለሁበት ቦታ ለስራ አመቺ አለመሆን፡፡

3. ስራን ለመጀመር ተገቢ የሆነ ግብዓት አለመኖር፡፡

4. በቂ የሆነ የሥራ ችሎታ አለመኖር፡፡

5. በገንዘብ እጥረት ምክንያት፡፡

6. በቂ የሆነ የገበያ እድል ስለመኖሩ ስጋት፡፡

7. በቂ የሆነ የግብይት መረጃ አለመኖር፡፡

8. ምርቶችን በአግባቡ አለማስተዋወቅ፡፡

9. ከሰዎች ጋር የመግባባት ችግር፡፡

10. በቂ የሆኑ የብድር ተቋማት አለመኖር፡፡

11. የብር አያያዝ ክህሎት ችግር፡፡

12. የስራ ማንቀሳቀሻ ብር እጥረት፡፡

13. ለስራ ፈጣሪነት አለመነሳሳት፡፡

14. ሀላፊነትን አለመውሰድ፡፡

15. የራስን ጠንካራና ደካማ ጎን አለመፈተሽ፡፡

16. በቂ የሆነ የስራ ፈጠራ ስልጠና አለማግኘት፡፡

17. በተመሳሳይ ዘርፍ በስራ ፈጣሪነታቸው ውጤታማ

ከሆኑ ተቋማት ልምድ አለመቅሰም፡፡

18. በባህል ምክንያት በማህበረሰቡ የሚፈጠር ለስራ ያለ አመለካከት

19. በፆታዬ ምክንያት በማህበረሰቡ የሚፈጠር ለስራ ያለ አመለካከት