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    Newton Raphson Method

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    Nor Hanaros
    The document discusses the Newton-Raphson power flow solution method. It begins by listing some advantages and disadvantages. The key steps are to formulate the power flow equations in an iterative form, form the Jacobian matrix of partial derivatives, make an initial guess at voltages, calculate mismatches, solve the Jacobian matrix to get new voltage estimates, and repeat until mismatches are small. The Jacobian terms and iteration process are explained in detail.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Newton Raphson Method

    Uploaded by

    Nor Hanaros
    68 views16 pages
    The document discusses the Newton-Raphson power flow solution method. It begins by listing some advantages and disadvantages. The key steps are to formulate the power flow equations in an iterative form, form the Jacobian matrix of partial derivatives, make an initial guess at voltages, calculate mismatches, solve the Jacobian matrix to get new voltage estimates, and repeat until mismatches are small. The Jacobian terms and iteration process are explained in detail.

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    NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD

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    The document discusses the Newton-Raphson power flow solution method. It begins by listing some advantages and disadvantages. The key steps are to formulate the power flow equations in an iterative form, form the Jacobian matrix of partial derivatives, make an initial guess at voltages, calculate mismatches, solve the Jacobian matrix to get new voltage estimates, and repeat until mismatches are small. The Jacobian terms and iteration process are explained in detail.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views16 pages

    Newton Raphson Method

    Uploaded by

    Nor Hanaros
    The document discusses the Newton-Raphson power flow solution method. It begins by listing some advantages and disadvantages. The key steps are to formulate the power flow equations in an iterative form, form the Jacobian matrix of partial derivatives, make an initial guess at voltages, calculate mismatches, solve the Jacobian matrix to get new voltage estimates, and repeat until mismatches are small. The Jacobian terms and iteration process are explained in detail.

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    NONLINEAR SOLUTION: NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD

    By
    DR AZIAH KHAMIS
    lEach iteration is relatively fast (computational
    order is proportional to number of branches +
    number of buses in the system).
    lRelatively easy to program.

    2
    lTends to converge relatively slowly, although this can be improved
    with acceleration.
    lHas tendency to fail to find solutions, particularly on large systems.
    lTends to diverge on cases with negative branch reactances
    (common with compensated lines).
    lNeed to program using complex numbers.
    lGauss and Gauss-Seidel mostly replaced by Newton-Raphson.

    3
    NEWTON RAPHSON POWER FLOW SOLUTION
    §Advantages
    ü less number of iteration to reach
    convergence, takes less computation time
    üMore accurate and not sensitive to the
    factors likes slack bus selection, regulation
    transformer, the number of iteration
    required is almost independent of system
    size
    NEWTON RAPHSON POWER FLOW SOLUTION
    §Disadvantages
    ü more calculations involved in each
    iteration and require large computation
    time per iteration and large computer
    memory
    üDifficult solution technique
    (programming is difficult)
    POWER FLOW EQUATIONS
    § KCL for current injection

    § Real and reactive power injection

    § Substituting for Ii yields :

    § Separating the real and imaginary parts:


    NEWTON RAPHSON POWER FLOW SOLUTION
    § Cast power equation into iterative form

    § Matrix function formation of the system of equations


    NEWTON RAPHSON POWER FLOW SOLUTION
    l General formation of the equation to find a solution

    l The iterative equation

    l The Jacobian - the first derivative of a set of functions

    a matrix of all combinatorial pairs


    JACOBIAN MATRIX
    JACOBIAN TERMS
    l Real power w.r.t. the voltage angle

    l Real power w.r.t. the voltage magnitude


    ITERATION PROCESS
    l Power mismatch or power residuals
    u difference in schedule to calculated power

    l New estimates for the voltages


    BUS TYPE AND THE JACOBIAN FORMATION
    Slack Bus / Swing Bus
    u one generator bus must be selected and defined as the voltage and angular reference
    n The voltage and angle are known for this bus
    n The angle is arbitrarily selected as zero degrees
    n bus is not included in the Jacobian matrix formation
    Generator Bus
    n have known terminal voltage and real (actual) power injection
    n the bus voltage angle and reactive power injection are computed
    n bus is included in the real power parts of the Jacobian matrix
    Load Bus
    n have known real and reactive power injections
    n bus is fully included in the Jacobian matrix
    NEWTON-RAPHSON STEPS
    1. Set flat start
    u For load buses, set voltages equal to the slack bus
    or 1.0 ∟0
    u For generator buses, set the angles equal the
    slack bus or 0
    2. Calculate power mismatch
    u For load buses, calculate P and Q injections using
    the known and estimated system voltages
    u For generator buses, calculate P injections
    u Obtain the power mismatches, P and Q
    3. Form the Jacobian matrix
    u Use the various equations for the partial derivatives w.r.t. the
    voltage angles and magnitudes
    NEWTON-RAPHSON STEPS
    4. Find the matrix solution (choose a or b)
    u a. inverse the Jacobian matrix and multiply by the mismatch power
    u b. perform gaussian elimination on the Jacobian matrix with the vector
    equal to the mismatch power
    compute

    5. Find new estimates for the voltage magnitude and angle


    6. Repeat the process until the mismatch (residuals) are less than
    the specified accuracy
    LINE FLOWS AND LOSSES
    l After solving for bus voltages and angles, power flows
    and losses on the network branches are calculated
    u Transmission lines and transformers are network branches
    u The direction of positive current flow are defined as follows for a
    branch element (demonstrated on a medium length line)
    u Power flow is defined for end of the branch
    n Example: The power leaving bus i and flowing to bus j
    LINE FLOWS AND LOSSES

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