VERBS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

PESENT TENSE SIMPLE (today, this week, … )

Affirmative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK

I am I have I do I work
You are You have You do You work
He is He has He does He works
She is She has She does She works
It is It has It does It works
We are We have We do We work
You are You have You do You work
They are They have They do They work

Negative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK

I am not I have not I do not do I do not work

You are not You have not You do not do You do not work
He is not He has not He does not do He does not work
She is not She has not She does not do She does not work
It is not It has not It does not do It does not work
We are not We have not We do not do We do not work
You are not You have not You do not do You do not work
They are not They have not They do not do They do not work

Interrogative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK
 Am I …? Have I …? Do I do …? Do I work …?
Are you …? Have you …? Do you do …? Do you work …?
Is he …? Has he …? Does he do …? Does he work …?
Is she …? Has she …? Does she do …? Does she work
…?
Is it …? Has it …? Does it do …? Does it work …?
Are we …? Have we …? Do we do …? Do we work …?
Are you …? Have you …? Do you do …? Do we work …?
Are they …? Have they …? Do they do …? Do they work …?

PRESENT TENSE CONTINUOUS ( now, this moment, … )

Affirmative form

TO DO TO WORK

I am doing I am working
You are doing You are working
He is doing He is working
She is doing She is working
It is doing It is working
We are doing We are working
They are doing They are working

Negative form

TO DO TO WORK

I am not doing I am not working

You are not doing You are not working
He is not doing He is not working
She is not doing She is not working
It is not doing It is not working
We are not doing We are not working
You are not doing You are not working
They are not doing They are not working

Interrogative form

TO DO TO WORK

Am I doing …? Am I working …?
Are you doing …? Are you working …?
Is he doing …? Is he working …?
 Is she doing …? Is she working …?
Is it doing …? Is it working …?
Are we doing …? Are we working …?
Are they doing …? Are they working …?

PAST TENSE SIMPLE ( yesterday, three days ago, last year, … )

irregular verbs regular verb
Affirmative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK

I was I had I did I worked

You were You had You did You worked
He was He had He did He worked
She was She had She did She worked
It was It had It did It worked
We were We had We did We worked
You were You had You did You worked
They were They had They did They worked

Negative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK

I was not I had not I did not do I did not work

You were not You had not You did not do You did not work
He was not He had not He did not do He did not work
She was not She had not She did not do She did not work
It was not It had not It did not do It did not work
We were not We had not We did not do We did not work
You were not You had not You did not do You did not work
They were not They had not They did not do They did not work

Interrogative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK

Was I …? Did I have…? Did I do…? Did I work …?

Were you …? Did you have…? Did you do …? Did you work …?
 Was he …? Did he have …? Did he do …? Did he work …?
Was she …? Did she have …? Did she do …? Did she work …?
Was it …? Did it have …? Did it do …? Did it work …?
Were we …? Did we have …? Did we do …? Did we work …?
Were you …? Did you have …? Did you do …? Did you work …?
Were they …? Did they have …? Did they do …? Did they work…?

PAST TENSE CONTINUOUS ( yesterday at 6 o’clock, this time last month,

When + past tense simple + past tense continuous )
Affirmative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK

I was being I was having I was doing I was working

You were being You were having You were doing You were working
He was being He was having He was doing He was working
She was being She was having She was doing She was working
It was being It was having It was doing It was working
We were being We were having We were doing We were working
They were being They were having They were doing They were working

Negative form

TO DO TO WORK

I was not doing I was not working

You were not doing You were not working
He was not doing He was not working
She was not doing She was not working
It was not doing It was not working
We were not doing We were not working
You were not doing You were not working
They were not doing They were not working

Interrogative form

TO DO TO WORK

Was I doing …? Was I working …?

Were you doing …? Were you working …?
Was he doing …? Was he working …?
 Was she doing …? Was she working …?
Was it doing …? Was it working …?
Were we doing …? Were we working …?
Were you doing …? Were you working …?
Were they doing …? Were they working …?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE SIMPLE ( just, yet, recently, the first, ever …)

Affirmative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK

I have been I have had I have done I have worked

You have been you have had you have done you have worked
He has been he has had he has done he has worked
She has been she has had she has done she has worked
It has been it has had it has done it has worked
We have been we have had we have done we have worked
You have been you have had you have done you have worked
They have been They have had They have done They have worked

Negative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO ` TO WORK

I haven’t been I haven’t had I haven’t done I haven’t worked

You haven’t been you haven’t had you haven’t done you haven’t worked
He hasn’t been he hasn’t had he hasn’t done he hasn’t worked
She hasn’t been she hasn’t had she hasn’t done she hasn’t worked
It hasn’t been it hasn’t had it hasn’t done it hasn’t worked
We haven’t been We haven’t had We haven’t done We haven’t worked
You haven’t beenYou haven’t had You haven’t doneYou haven’t worked
They haven’t beenThey haven’t hadThey haven’t doneThey haven’t worked

Interrogative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK

Have I been …? Have I had…? Have I done…? Have I worked…?

 Have you been…?Have you had…?Have you done…?Have you worked…?
Has he been…? Has he had…? Has he done…? Has he worked…?
Has she been…? Has she had…? Has she done…? Has she worked…?
Has it been …? Has it had…? Has it done…? Has it
worked…?
Have we been…? Have we had…? Have we done…? Have we worked…?
Have you been…? Have you had…? Have you done…?Have you worked…?
Have they been…?Have they had…?Have they done…?Have they worked ..?

FUTURE TENSE SIMPLE ( tomorrow, next year, …)

Affirmative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK

I will be I will have I will do I will work

You will be You will have You will do You will work
He will be He will have He will do He will work
She will be She will have She will do She will work
It will be It will have It will do It will work
We will be We will have We will do We will work
You will be You will have You will do You will work
They will be They will have They will do They will work

Negative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK

I will not be I will not have I will not do I will not work
You will not be You will not have You will not do You will not work
He will not be He will not have He will not do He will not work
She will not be She will not have She will not do She will not work
It will not be It will not have It will not do It will not work
We will not be We will not have We will not do We will not work
You will not be You will not have You will not do You will not work
They will not be They will not have They will not do They will not work

Interrogative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK

Will I be …? Will I have …? Will I do …? Will I work …?

 Will you be …? Will you have …? Will you do …? Will you work …?
Will he be …? Will he have …? Will he do …? Will he work …?
Will she be …? Will she have …? Will she do …? Will she work …?
Will it be …? Will it have …? Will it do …? Will it work …?
Will we be …? Will we have …? Will we do …? Will we work …?
Will you be …? Will you have…? Will you do …? Will you work …?
Will they be …? Will they have …? Will they do …? Will they work …?

CONDITIONAL TENSE SIMPLE

Affirmative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO TO WORK

I would be I would have I would do I would work

You would be You would have You would do You would work
He would be He would have He would do He would work
She would be She would have She would do She would work
It would be It would have It would do It would work
We would be We would have We would do We would work
You would be You would have You would do You would work
They would be They would have They would do They would work

Negative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO

I would not be I would not have I would not do

You would not be You would not have You would not do
He would not be He would not have He would not do
She would not be She would not have She would not do
It would not be It would not have It would not do
We would not be We would not have We would not do
You would not be You would not have You would not do
They would not be They would not have They would not do

Interrogative form

TO BE TO HAVE TO DO

Would I be …? Would I have …? Would I do …?

 Would you be …? Would you have …? Would you do …?
Would he be …? Would he have …? Would he do …?
Would she be …? Would she have …? Would she do …?
Would it be …? Would it have …? Would it do …?
Would we be …? Would we have …? Would we do …?
Would you be …? Would you have …? Would you do …?
Would they be …? Would they have …? Would they do …?

CONTRACTED FORMS

I am I’m I’m sorry I’m late.

You are You’re You’re my best friend.
He is He’s He’s my brother.
She is She’s She’s having a bath, now.
It is It’s It’s dark outside.
We are We’re We’re caught in a traffic jam.
They are They’re They’re taking a nap.
I have I’ve I’ve got two beautiful children.
You have You’ve You’ve got to go.
We have We’ve We’ve been there before.
They have They’ve They’ve waited for two hours.
I will I’ll I’ll e there in ten minutes.
You will You’ll You’ll go to school tomorrow.
He/She will He’ll/She’ll He’ll/She’ll give you a green book.
It will It’ll It’ll be an hour for me to have you
there.
They/We will They’ll/We’ll They’ll/we’ll have a party next Saturday.
I would I’d I’d ask you something.
You would You’d You’d like to swim if you could.
I/You had I’d/You’d I’d/you’d better leave now.

ARE + NOT = AREN’T

You are not well, you are sick. You aren’t well, you’re sick.
We are not at home, we are out. We aren’t at home, we’re out.

IS + NOT = ISN’T

He is not a good boy, he is a bad boy. He isn’t a good boy, he’s a bad boy.
His car is not fast, it is slow. It isn’t fast, it’s slow.
HAVE + NOT = HAVEN’T

They have not any money. They haven’t any money.

We have not got our tests back. We haven’t got our tests back..

HAS + NOT = HASN’T

He has not done his homework. He hasn’t done his homework.

She has not a red cap. She hasn’t a red cap.

DO + NOT = DON’T

I do not know what to do. I don’t know what to do.

We do not break the rules. We don’t break the rules.

DOES + NOT = DOESN’T

It does not rain, it is sunny. It doesn’t rain, it’s sunny.

She does not want to eat rice. She doesn’t want to eat rice.

WILL + NOT = WON’T

They will not pass the exam. They won’t pass the exam.
He will not go on a trip this week. He won’t go on a trip this week.

WOULD + NOT = WOULDN’T

We would not want to leave now. We wouldn’t want to leave now.

I would not ask you a thing. I wouldn’t ask you a thing.

HAD + NOT = HADN’T

They had not come on time. They hadn’t come on time.

You had not given a good answer. You hadn’t given a good answer.

WAS + NOT = WASN’T

I was not going to tell the truth. I wasn’t going to tell the truth.
She was not here yesterday. She wasn’t here yesterday.
WERE + NOT = WEREN’T

They were not able to swim. They weren’t able to swim.

We were not on the list. We weren’t on the list.

DID + NOT = DIDN’T

You did not call me yesterday. You didn’t call me yesterday.

He did not return my book. He didn’t return my book.

PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

PERSONAL PRONOUNS • SUBJECTS

I go to the market.
You listen to the radio.
He goes to school.
She buys apples.
It is a chair.
We like chocolate.
You swim in the river.
They have a blue car.
• OBJECTS
DIRECT OBJECTS INDIRECT OBJECTS

Tom likes me. Jane gives a book to me.

She gives me a book.
Bob calls you. Bill will send a letter to you.
Bill will send you a letter.
The teacher questions him(Tom). She asks a book to him.
She asks him a book.
Mary likes her(Mrs Baker). Mary buys apples for her.
Mary buys her apples.
I can’t do it. I give food to it.(the dog)
I give it food.
Grandpa loves us. He makes beautiful coats for us.
He makes us beautiful coats.
I saw them yesterday. I opened the door for them.
I opened them the door.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

This is mine. This is my dress.
That is yours. That’s your car.
This is his. This is his book.
That is hers. That’s her coat.
This is ours. This is our dog.
That is theirs. That’s their house.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

This is my yard. These are our bikes.

That is his house. Those are their friends.
MUCH – MANY – FEW – LITTLE – A LOT OF

MUCH – Quantity, singular uncountable nouns: sugar, tea, coffee, …. .

Used in negative and interrogative questions.

There is too much sugar in my tea.

LITTLE – Quantity, singular uncountable nouns: sugar, wine, shampoo, … .

There is something but not enough; negative meaning.

There is not much shampoo in the bottle.

There is little shampoo in the bottle, not enough to wash my hair.

A LITTLE – Quantity, singular uncountable nouns

There is something, enough; positive meaning.

There is not much shampoo in the bottle.

There is a little shampoo in the bottle, enough to wash my hair.

MANY – Countable plural nouns: chair, book, boy, dog, house, tree, … .

There are many students in the classroom.

FEW – Countable plural nouns: book, man, window, cat, …. .

They are not enough; negative meaning.

There are not many windows in this room. It’s dark in here.
There are few windows in this room. It’s dark in here.

A FEW – Countable plural nouns

 They are not satisfactory, but it is enough; positive meaning.

There are not many windows in this room, but it’s nice.
There are a few windows in this room, it’s nice.

A LOT OF – Countable and uncountable nouns.

There are a lot of books at the library.

There a lot of sugar in my coffee.

COMPARATIVES

SHORT ADJECTIVES ( 1, 2 syllables )

Short adjective + ER + THAN

Big + ER bigger
Young + ER younger
Tall + ER taller
Slow + ER slower
Pretty + ER prettier
Happy + ER happier
Heavy + ER heavier
Narrow + ER narrower

My brother is younger than me.

This building is bigger than the other building.
His car is slower than my car.
Jane is prettier than Mary.
This box is heavier than that box.

THE + Short adjective + EST

big+ EST the biggest

Young + EST the youngest
Tall + EST the tallest
Slow + EST the slowest
Pretty + EST the prettiest
Happy + EST the happiest
Heavy + EST the heaviest
Narrow + EST the narrowest
 Jane is the youngest of our family.
This is the biggest player of our basketball team.
John is the slowest person I have ever known.
Mary is the prettiest girl in our school.
This is the heaviest object I have ever left.

EXCEPTIONS

Good – better – the best awful – more awful – the most awful
Bad – worse – the worst
Upset – more upset – the most upset

LONG ADJECTIVES ( more than 2 syllables )

MORE + long adjective + THAN

Beautiful +MORE more beautiful

Delicious +MORE more delicious
Difficult +MORE more difficult
Important +MORE more important
Boring +MORE more boring
Interesting +MORE more interesting
Exciting +MORE more exciting

You are more beautiful than you were in this picture.

This problem is more difficult than the last one.
It is more important to listen to your parents than to listen to the music.
This program is more interesting than the one you were watching.
The football game is more exciting than the volleyball game.

THE MOST + long adjective

Beautiful + THE MOST the most beautiful

Delicious + THE MOST the most delicious
Difficult + THE MOST the most difficult
Important + THE MOST the most important
Boring + THE MOST the most boring
Interesting + THE MOST the most interesting
Exciting + THE MOST the most exciting

It is the most beautiful butterfly I have ever seen.

The most difficult thing is to cross this narrow bridge.
 Jane is the most important thing in my life.
Homeless children, was the most interesting subject of our discussion.
This is the most exciting game I have ever been to.

LESS – THE LEAST

This program is less interesting than the other one.

This is the least interesting book I have ever read. It is very boring.

ADVERBS

EARLY: Where are you going? It’s early. It’s 5 o’clock in the morning.

LATE: Don’t you go home? It’s late. Your program finished two hours ago.

ALWAYS: I always drink a cup of tea in the morning. (every day)

NEVER: We never listen to the radio. (not a second)

SOMETIMES: Sometimes, we go to the seaside.

We sometimes go to the seaside.
We go to the seaside, sometimes.

USUALLY: I usually drink coffee, but today I’m drinking tea.

Adjective + LY ADVERB

Tom is a careful driver. He drives carefully.

She is a slow person. She moves slowly.

It is a safe company. They will travel safely.
 SOME – ANY – NO

SOME: Some children broke my window. (I don’t know which children.)

Do you have some aspirin? (I think you have; expecting a
positive answer.)
ANY: Do you have any idea? = some (only in negative and
I don’t have any idea. negative sentences.)

Negative verb + any

Any man can lift this box. (all men)
They have the same meaning.
NO: I have no idea. positive verb + no

SOMETHING: There is something on your desk.

Is there something on your desk?(we expect something to be
there; expecting a positive answer.)
ANYTHYG: Do you have anything to tell me?(just asking, I don’t know what
answer I’ll receive.)
I don’t have anything to tell you.
NOTHING: I have nothing to tell you.

SOMEWHERE: Are you going somewhere?(we think he is going somewhere)

ANYWHERE: You can go anywhere from here.
Are you going anywhere?(just asking)
I’m not going anywhere.
NOWHERE: I’m going nowhere.

SOMEWAY: Someway, I can do it.

ANYWAY: Anyway, I don’t mind.
Can you do it anyway?
I can’t do it anyway.
NO WAY: There is no way I can do it.

SOMETHING ELSE: This is something else.

Do you want something else? (I think he wants
something else)
ANYTHING ELSE: Anything else is better than this.
Would you like anything else? (just asking)
I don’t want anything else.
NOTHING ELSE: I want nothing else, thank you.

WH – QUESTIONS

WHAT – What did you do yesterday?

I played football.
WHY – Why didn’t you come to see me?
I was very busy.
WHO – Who is in the classroom?
The students are in the classroom.
WHEN – When did you come back?
I came back yesterday.
WHERE – Where did you leave your car?
I left my car in the street.
HOW – How could you repair your car?
I repaired it with these special tools.
WHOSE – Whose book is this?
This is my book.
WHICH – Which books do you like?
I like the adventure books.
WHOM – Whom did you see at the concert last night?
I saw Jim and his friends.

What time is it? It’s 2 o’clock.

How old are you? I’m 10 years old.
What’s your name? My name is Alex.

POLITE REQUESTS

WILL – Will you open the door?

WOULD – Would close the window, please?
COULD – Could you pass me he salt, please?
CAN – Can you borrow me your book?
Can I leave?
MAY – May I come in?