DefiniteIntegration Workbookpart-1pattern2

Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MC SIR
DEFINITE b
The definite integral  f (x) dx is the area

INTEGRATION a
Definition bounded by the curve y = f (x), the

Let (x) be the primitive or antiderivative ordinates x = a, x = b and the x-axis. To
of a function f(x) defined on [a, b] i.e., evaluate this area, consider the region PRSQP
d between this curve, x-axis and the ordinates
((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx
Then the definite integral of f(x) over [a, b]

b
is denoted by  f(x) dx and is defined as

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
The numbers a and b are called the limits of
integration, 'a' is called the lower limit and
X' P A B R X
'b' the upper limit. The interval [a, b] is called a=x0 x1 x2 xr-1xr xn=b
the interval of integration.
Y'
b
If we use the notation (x)a to denote (b)
– (a), then from (i), we have,
Divide the interval [a, b] into n equal
b
b
subintervals denoted by
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
where x0 = a, x1 = a + h, x2 = a + 2h, ....., xr
ba
b = a + rh and xn = b = a + nh or n = .
h
  f(x) dx =
a
We note that as n , h  0.
(Value of anti-derivative at b, the upper limit) – The region PRSQP under consideration is the
(Value of anti-derivative at a, the lower limit) sum of n subregions, where each subregion
DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS is defined on subintervals [xr – 1 , xr],
THE LIMIT OF A SUM r = 1, 2, 3, …, n.
Let f be a continuous function defined on From Fig, we have area of the rectangle
close interval [a, b]. Assume that all the (ABLC) < area of the region (ABDCA) <
values taken by the function are non negative, area of the rectangle (ABDM) ....(i)
so the graph of the function is a curve above Evidently as xr – xr–1  0,
the x-axis. i.e., h  0 all the three areas shown in (i)
become nearly equal to each other. Now we
form the following sums.
Definite Integration Page 1

n 1 ba
sn = h[f(x0) + ..... + f(xn – 1)] = h  f (x r ) where h =  0 as n
r 0
n
.....(ii)
and The above expression (vi) is known as the
definition of definite integral as the limit
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
Here, sn and Sn denote the sum of areas of The value of the definite integral of a function
all lower rectangles and upper rectangles over any particular interval depends on the
raised over subintervals [xr – 1 , xr] for r = 1, function and the interval, but not on the
2, 3, …, n, respectively. variable of integration that we choose to
In view of the inequality (i) for an arbitrary represent the independent variable. If the
subinterval [xr – 1, xr], we have independent variable is denoted by t or u
sn < area of the region PRSQP < Sn instead of x, we simply write the integral as
.....(iv) b b b
 f(t) dt or  f(u) du instead of  f(x)
a a a
As n  strips become narrower and
narrower, it is assumed that the limiting values dx.
of (ii) and (iii) are the same in both cases and Hence, the variable of integration is called a
the common limiting value is the required area dummy variable.
under the curve.
2 x
Symbolically, we write Q. Evaluate 0 e dx as the limit of a sum
lim Sn  lim s n  area of the region PRSQP
n  n 
b 5
= a f(x) dx .....(v) Q. Evaluate 0 (x + 1) dx as the limit of a sum.
It follows that this area is also the
limiting value of any area which is NOTE
between that of the rectangles below the 
curve and that of the rectangles above   2 sin x dx = 1

0
the curve. For the sake of convenience,

we shall take rectangles with height equal
to that of the curve at the left hand edge
of each subinterval. Thus, we rewrite (v)
as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
or a f(x) dx = (b – a) nlim [f(a) + f(a + h) +  0 2 sin x dx = 1
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
Integration gives you net area positive above
x-axis and negative below x-axis.
V. Important formula/ Speed Increase
/ Remember
 /2  /2
(a)  sin xdx   cos xdx  1

0 0
 /2 / 2

(b)  sin 2 xdx   cos
2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
(c)  sin 3 xdx   cos
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
(d)  sin xdx   cos xdx 
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
 If f(x) > 0 in (a, b) then  f(x) dx > 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
 If  f(x) dx = 0, then the equation f(x) = 0  /2
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
has at least one root lying in (a, b), provided
f is a continuous function in (a, b). Converse
is not true.  /2
3
In fig. 1 f(x) is continous function in interval (c) I=  sin xdx
0
(a, b), has one root between a and b but net
area in interval (a, b) positive.  /2
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
(d) I=  sin4 x dx
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b
Q. If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0 then the Quadratic  f(x)dx is numerically equal to the area of

a
Equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 must have a root
curvilinear trapezoid bounded by the given
in (0, 1) is true or not.
curve, the straight lines x = a and x = b and
the x-axis.
 If f(x) is not defined at x = a and x = b, and
b
b
defined in the open interval (a, b) then a f(x) In general,  f(x)dx represents an algebraic
a
dx can be evaluated. sum of areas of the region bounded by the

curve y = f(x), the x-axis and the ordinate x
b
 In  f(x) dx, the function f need to be well- = a and x = b.
a
The area above the x-axis are taken positive,
defined and continuous in the closed interval
while those below the x-axis are taken
[a, b].
negative.
For instance, the consideration of the definite
3 1
integral  x  x  1 2 dx is erroneous since the

2
2
function f expressed by f(x) = x(x2–1)1/2 is

not defined in the portion – 1< x < 1 on the
closed interval [–2, 3].
4
Geometrical Interpretation
of the Definite Integral
b
First, we construct the graph of the integrand   f(x)dx = A1 – A2 + A3 – A4 + A5

a
y = f(x), then in the case of f(x)  0,  x 
where A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 are the areas of the
b
[a, b], the integral  f(x)dx is numerically shaded region.

a
equal to the area bounded by the curve y =

f(x), the x-axis and the ordinates EVALUATION OF DEFINITE
x = a and x = b. INTEGRALS BY SUBSTITUTION
When the variable in a definite integral is

changed, the substitution in terms of new
variable should be effected at three places.
(i) in the integrand,

(ii) in the differential, say, dx
(iii) in the limits
(iv) substitution should be bijective.

Q. Find the true set of values of 'a' for which
The limits of the new variable, say, t are simply 0
the values of t corresponding to the values of

the inequality  (3–2x – 2 . 3–x) dx  0 is
a
the original variable, say x, and so they can true.

be easily obtained by putting the values of x
in the substitutional relation between x and t. 1 1
1 x 1 x
The method is illustrated in the following Q. I=  1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
Q. Find the value of integral  dx .
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1
Q. Show that Q. Evaluate  ln x dx

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
then prove that In = n!
e2 2 x
dx e
Q. If I1 =  log x and I2 =  x dx, then what is
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2
the relation between I1 and I2.

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
Q. Evaluate 2 4  x 2 directly as well as by the 
5
substitution x = 1/t. Examine as to why the x 2 dx
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
(1 – sin t) sin 2t  dt, then find Q.  (1  2x 2 ) 1  x2
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
Q. Evaluate  4  5sin x
0
Q. Evaluate the value of the integral

a
[log a x]
Q. If the value of definite integral 1 x .a dx ,
2008
 2 2 1 
where a > 1 and [x] denotes the greatest   3x  8028x  (2007)   dx equal
0  2008 
e 1
integer, is , then find the value of 'a'. 2 1
2  1  x
Q. Evaluate  1  x  x  e x dx
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
Q. Let I =  dx and if f(x) is continuous in (a, b). However if f(x)
0
a cos x  bsin x
is discontinuous in (a, b) at x = c  (a, b)
 /2 b
sin x d c b
J=  a cos x  bsin x
dx , where a > 0 and  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Compute the values of I and J.
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 
IV. If g (x) is the inverse of f (x) and f (x) has

1 domain x  [a, b] where f (a) = c and
1 x
Q. Find the value of  1  x dx . b d
0
f (b) = d then the value of  f(x) dx +  g(y)
a c
/ 2
(sin x  cos x) 2 dy = (bd – ac)
Q. Find the value of I = 
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
Q. If f : [0, 1]  [e, e e ] f is increasing function
3 / 4
1 1 e e
Q. Find the value of  dx . ex

/ 4 1  cos x then find e dx  2  ln(ln x)dx
0 e
1 1 1
SOME STANDARD FORMS Q.  1  x 
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

lim   f n (x)dx    lim f n (x) dx  PROPERTIES OF
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
Q. lim   1   dt Property-I
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
n  1  x n i.e., integration is independent of the change
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
n Property-II  f(x) dx = –  f(x)dx
a b
i.e., if the limits of a definite integral are

b g 1 (b)
interchanged then its value changes by minus
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx, where

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
tan x d(sin x) dx a < c < b.
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
Q. Find the value of 0 [tan–1 x] dx is equal to
GENERALIZATION
The above property can be generalized into (where [.] denotes the greatest integer
the following form function).
2 2
b c1 c2 Q. Find the value of  (x[ x ]  [x 2 ]x ) dx , where
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
a a c1 [.] denotes the greatest integer function.
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
Q. Find the value of  [x  {x}]dx where [.]
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1
denotes the greatest integer function and {.}

1 denotes the fractional part function.
Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx
Q. Evaluate   / 2
cos x  cos x dx 0
Q. If [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or  

x2 x dx
equal to x, then find the value of the integral Q. If P = 
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
Q. Find the value of  [x2] dx. [.] denotes the
0
0
greatest integer function. 

(a) Q= ,
4
Q. If {x} denotes the fractional part of x, then (b) P = R,
2

find the value of  {x} dx. (c) P– 2 Q + R =
0 2 2
t
Q. For any real number x, find the value of  [x] Property-IV

0
dx. [.] denotes the greatest integer function.  a

a
a f (x)dx   0
2 f (x)dx , if f (x) is an even function
 0 , if f (x) is an odd function
3
  
Q. Find the value of
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
the greatest integer function. REMARK
The graph of an even function is symmetric
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
x} dx, where {x} denotes the about y-axis that is the curve on left side of
y-axis is exactly identical to curve on its right
fractional part of x.
side.
a 0
 
0
f(x) dx =  f(x) dx
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 
Q. Prove that the value of  (ax3 + bx + c) dx

2
depends on c.
Q. Find the value of the integral  log(x

1
In case of an odd function the curve is + x 2  1) dx.

symmetrical in opposite quadrants.
0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
Substitute x   y for limit to
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
Q. Find the value of I =  {x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 3 +
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2
Q. Find the value of the integral  cos x

1/2 2
cos x ex 2x cos 2 x / 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
log  1  x  dx. Q. If f(x) = , then find
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
the value of   / 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
Q. If f is an odd function, then evaluate
a f (sin x) 2
I=  dx sin x  cos x
f (cos x)  f (sin 2 x)
a
3.  1  sin x cos x dx
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
Q. Evaluate 1/ 2  x  1    x  1   2 dx 4.  dx
0
  sin x  cos x
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
Q.  | x sin x |dx
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
Q.  tan  tan  dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25
Property-V (King Rule)

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a
Property-VI (Special Case of above) 2

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
When to be used sin 2 x
9.  dx
1. Denominator remain same / lightly changed. 0
1  sin x cos x
2. Addition is simple of f(x) + f(a + b – x).

3. In Numerator we have x. dx
10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
1. Evaluate  tan 2 x
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
12. /8 n  4  3cos x  dx 22. Prove that  ( 1)k   k  m  1 =
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
function f (x) + f (1/x) and show that,f (e) +
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
 f (sin 2x) sin x dx
0
= 2  f (cos 2x) cos x dx
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
20. For a > 0, Prove that :
 1
ln x dx log(1  x)
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
log(sec – tan) d.
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
[2 sin x]dx 4. Let u =  cos  sin 2 x  dx and v =
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  
 cos  sin x  dx , then find the relation

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
= log sin 2x dx = log 2
Q. Find the value of  0
log(cot a + tan x) dx, 0 2
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
x sin(2x).sin  cosx 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
log(sin x + cos x) dx
Property-VI (Queen Rule)  /2
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
2 a f (x)dx, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 0 (sin x) 2n  (cos x) 2n
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 
 x  sin (sin x)  cos 2 (cos x)  dx

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
 x  sin(cos x) cos(sin 2 x)  dx
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx
DEFINITE INTEGRATION
OF PERIODIC FUNCTIONS

Property I 
n
nT T
Q. Evaluate  4 |sin x + cos x| dx
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
f (x) dx, where T is
Q. Let f be a real, valued function satisfying
the period of the function and n  I, f (x) + f (x + 4) = f (x + 2) + f (x + 6).
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
f (t) dt is a constant function
2n
Property II Q. Find the value of  [sin x + cos x]dx.
0
a  nT T
where [.] denotes the greatest integer
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
f(x) dx, where T Q.  1  esin x
0
is the period of the function and m, n  I
n  v
Property IV Q.  | cos x |dx
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a
f (x) dx, where T is the

period of the function and n  I where <v<&nN
2
Q. The value of the definite integral
Q. Find the value of the integral
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
max . sin x,sin 1 (sin x) dx  equals
0
0
Q. If n  N, then find t he value of (where n  I)
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100
Q. Find the value of 

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
Q. Evaluate  |sin x| dx
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

DEFINITE b

INTEGRATION a

((x)) = f(x). x = a and x = b
dx

b

a
S
Y
[(b) – (a)]. M D
b C L
i.e.,  f(x) dx = (b) – (a)
a
Q
.....(i)
X' P A B R X
Y'
b
b
b
 f (x)dx  (x)
a
a
[x0, x1], [x1, x2] ......., [xr – 1, xr] ,....., [xn – 1, xn],
b
  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

a
ba
h
  f(x) dx =
a

n 1 ba
r 0
n
.....(ii)
n
of sum.
Sn = h[f(x1) + f(x2) + ..... f(xn)] = h  f (x r )
r 1
.....(iii) Remark
.....(iv) b b b
a a a
under the curve.
2 x
n  n 
b 5

0

as
b
a f(x) dx =
lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

h 0
b 1 3
n

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

NOTE
/ Remember
 /2  /2

0 0
 /2 / 2

2
xdx 
3 0 0
4
 2 cos x dx = –1
 /2  /2
2
3
xdx 
0 0
3
 /2  /2
4 4 3
0 0
16
 /2
(a) I=  sin xdx

0
 /2
I=  cos x dx
b 0
a
b
 a f(x) dx < 0 if f(x) < 0 in (a, b) / 2
2
(b) I=  sin xdx
0
b
2
a
I=  cos xdx
0
is not true.  /2
3
0
3
I=  cos xdx
0
 /2
0
 /2
4
I=  cos dx
0
Fig.1
b

a
the x-axis.
b
b
a

b
a
[a, b].
negative.
3 1

2
2

4
b

a
b

a



(iii) in the limits


a

1 x 1 x
dx , J =  1 x
dx
0 0
examples.
(A) I + J = 2 (B) I – J = 
/ 4
sin x  cos x
3  sin 2x  
0 (C) I = 2 + (D) J = 4 –
2 2
1
sin 1 x
Q.  dx
0 1  x2 1

0
/ 2 dx 
  , (a, b > 0)
0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x 2ab
Q. In =  xn e–x dx , n  0, n  I
e2 2 x
dx e
1
1
x  x2 1
e
Q. Evaluate  dx
0 1 x2

dx
2 dx Q.  (x  )(  x)
( > )
5
answer don't tally
Q. Evaluate  (x  3)(5  x)
3
1/ 2
/ 2
dx
Q. Let an = 
0
n
0
n
an
the value of nlim


n 1 n
.  /2
dx
0

a
[log a x]
2008
 2 2 1 
0  2008 
e 1
2  1  x
1/ 2

 /2
cos x
0
a cos x  bsin x
 /2 b
sin x d c b
a
a
 f (x) c 
0
b > 0. 1
d  1 1 
Q.   dx  cot
1
 dx
x 

1 x
0
a c
/ 2
0 1  sin 2x
dx.
3 / 4
1 1 e e

0 e
1 1 1
2008 2007
 1  x 2007  2008 dx
0
b  b
I. n 
a  a
n 

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 n
 t
n   n
1
b b
7
 f (x)dx   f (t)dt
e x dx a a
Q. lim 
0
of variable.

cos x b a
Q. lim  dx
n 
0 1   tan 1 x 
a b

b g 1 (b)
 f (x)  d  g(x)   
a 1
f (x)  g '(x)dx
sign only.
g (a )
1
2
Property-III
Q.  x d(ln x)
1
b c b

a a c
3/2
Q. 
1/2
b
d b
III.  dx  f (x)   f (x)
a
a

100
GENERALIZATION
2 2
1
 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx + ..... +
b

cn
f(x) dx 1
2
where a < c1 < c2 < c3 ..... < cn–1 < cn < b. 1

Q.  |x| dx.
1 2
/ 2
3
Q.  1  2 cos x dx

x2 x dx
0 1 x 4
dx ; Q = 
0 1  x4
2
2
 x [x]dx .
0

dx
1.5 and R =  1  x4
then prove that
0
0

(a) Q= ,
4
2

0 2 2
t

0

a
a f (x)dx   0
3
  
1
  x  2  dx [.] denotes
9
Q. Evaluate { 0
side.
a 0
 
0
a


1

1
1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 dx . 

2
depends on c.

1

0 a TRICK
 f(x) dx = –  f(x) dx
a 0
b
 f (x) dx
a
ab
2
be  to 
11
Q.   x  3 x  7  x  5  x  1  x  9 dx
1
  /2

3  /2
 {(x + )3 + cos2(x +
3)}dx.
2
2 0
Q.  |1  x
2
| dx
2
(x + 1)cos(x + 1) }dx.
1/2

1/2 2
 1 x  x2 sec x sin x  x 3
  1 2 x  tan x
/ 2
(x2 + 1)(f(x) + f ''(x)) dx.

100
n x
 /4
x 9  3x 5  7x 3  x  1
dx
2(a).  n x  n (150  x) dx
Q. Evaluate 
 / 4
cos 2 x
50

1
2(b). e cos x
dx .
0 1
a f (sin x) 2
a
0
1/ 2
1/ 2  x  1  2  x  1 2  / 2 sin x
0
6 x
32 5.  dx
3
9x  x
1
3 2
 1 x 1 x  1  3
x 2 dx
1 
x2  1 x  6. 
2 2x 2  10x  25

2
b b
sin 3 x
7.  dx
 f (x) dx =  f (a + b – x)dx 0
sin x  cos x
a a

sin 2 x
8.  dx
a a
0
sin x  cos x
 f(x) dx =  f(a – x) dx.
0 0
2
9.  dx
1  sin x cos x

10. 
0 1  2tan x
 /3 (sin x)dx / 4
dx
/ 6
(sin x)  (cos x) 11. 
 / 4
1  ex

3  /8 n
 4  3sin x  n 1
k0 k
m
 m 1
 ( 1)k   k  n  1
/ 4 k0 k 
13. 
0
ln (1 + tan x) dx
2 3a 2
 1  sin 2008 x dx
14.   (2007)x  1 · sin 2008 x  cos2008 x dx 23.  x  a2  x2
(a > 0)
 2  a 2
2
1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

0
15. 
0
cot–1(1 – x + x2) dx
x
n t
3 / 4
x sin x
25. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 1 t
dt. Find the
16.
/ 4
 1  sin x dx
f (1/e) = 1/2 .
 /2
[JEE 2000, 1 + 1 + 1 + 5]
x sin x cos x
17.  sin 4
dx
0 x  cos 4 x
26. Prove that :
2 4
 /4
x dx
0
0
18. 
0 1  cos 2x  sin 2x
1
ln(1  x)
27.  2
dx
1 3
x 4
 2x  0 1  x
19.  4
cos 1  2 
dx
1/ 3
1 x  1 x 
2
ln x
28.  1 x 2
dx
12
 1
I =  ax 2  bx  a = 0 29.  dx .
0 0 1 x2
3

30.  
ln x dx
21. Evaluate:  x 2  2x  4
0

3 2  /2  2 
31. I=
2
 0
 3 
/ 2  

0
3 
32.  cot x  dx
0
between u and v.
IMPORTANT RESULT
3
 /2  /2
 x x  dx
8 11
33.  0
log sin x dx = 0
log cos x dx
3
 /2 
a
where a (0, /2).


1. Evaluate 0
x log sin x dx
 
Q.

2  dx
0 (2x  )
 /4
2.   /4
2a
3.  0
x cot x dx
 0
f(x) dx =
2
x(sin x) 2n
4.  dx , n  N
 0

 0, if f (2a  x)  f (x) 1
sin 1 x
5. 0 x dx
 x 2
1.  dx
0 1  cos 2 x 2
6.  (2cos
0
x) ln(sin 2x) dx
2 

2
2. 
0
cos5 x dx. 7.
0
2
 8.
0
3. 
0
sin3 x cos3 x dx

Property I 
n
nT T
 /4
 0
f (x) dx = n
0
(i.e., f(x + T) = f(x)).
x 8
GRAPHICAL METHOD
Prove that 
x
2n
0
a  nT T
 a
f (x) dx = n 
0
f (x) dx
function)
Property III
2000 
nT T dx
 mT
f (x) dx = (n – m) 
0
0
n  v
0
b n T b
 a n T
f (x) dx = a

2
2n
400 
 1  cos 2x dx .  
0
0
n 37
2

0
(x – [x]) dx. Q.  {x}  3sin(2x)dx
19
100

0
e x – [x] dx. Q. f (2 + x) = f (2 – x)
f (4 + x) = f (4 – x)
[t ]
2
0
(x – [x]) dx.
 f (x)dx  5
0
16  /3
50
0
 f (x)dx  ?
0

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MC SIR

The definite integral  f (x) dx is the area

Definition bounded by the curve y = f (x), the

Then the definite integral of f(x) over [a, b]

is denoted by  f(x) dx and is defined as

  f(x) dx = ((x) at x = b) – ( (x) at x = a)

Definite Integration Page 1

curve and that of the rectangles above   2 sin x dx = 1

the curve. For the sake of convenience,

lim h(f(a) + f(a + h) + ..... + f(a + (n – 1)h]

..... + f(a + n – 1) h] .....(vi)

Definite Integration Page 2

(a)  sin xdx   cos xdx  1

(a) I=  sin xdx

Q. If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0 then the Quadratic  f(x)dx is numerically equal to the area of

dx can be evaluated. sum of areas of the region bounded by the

integral  x  x  1 2 dx is erroneous since the

function f expressed by f(x) = x(x2–1)1/2 is

First, we construct the graph of the integrand   f(x)dx = A1 – A2 + A3 – A4 + A5

[a, b], the integral  f(x)dx is numerically shaded region.

equal to the area bounded by the curve y =

When the variable in a definite integral is

(i) in the integrand,

Definite Integration Page 4

the values of t corresponding to the values of

the original variable, say x, and so they can true.

Q. Show that Q. Evaluate  ln x dx

Q. Evaluate the value of the integral

Definite Integration Page 5

IV. If g (x) is the inverse of f (x) and f (x) has

Q. Find the value of  dx . ex

i.e., if the limits of a definite integral are

 f(x) dx =  f(x) dx +  f(x) dx, where

Definite Integration Page 6

denotes the greatest integer function and {.}

Q. If [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or  

greatest integer function. 

Q. For any real number x, find the value of  [x] Property-IV

dx. [.] denotes the greatest integer function.  a

Definite Integration Page 7

Q. Find the value of

Q. Prove that the value of  (ax3 + bx + c) dx

Q. Find the value of the integral  log(x

In case of an odd function the curve is + x 2  1) dx.

Q. Find the value of

Q. Find the value of the integral  cos x

Definite Integration Page 8

Property-V (King Rule)

Property-VI (Special Case of above) 2

Definite Integration Page 9

1 24.  sin 2 sin  d

Definite Integration Page 10

where a (0, /2).

Property-VI (Queen Rule)  /2

 x  sin (sin x)  cos 2 (cos x)  dx

Definite Integration Page 11

Q. If n  N, then find t he value of (where n  I)

Q. Find the value of 

Definite Integration Page 12