Apostolic Vicariate of Tabuk Catholic Schools System, Inc.

7 St. William’s Academy Bulanao, Inc.

Senior High School Department
Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga, 3800 Philippines
C.N:___
School Year 2020 – 2021

LEARNING MODULE IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

MODULE NO.3-4. CONCEPT MODULE

TOPIC: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN DAILY LIFE
Dear Parents;
In this time of health pandemic, we would be glad if you could help us facilitate this lesson to our learners to be able to
continue his/her the holistic development. Thank you and we will heal and journey as one.
School Administration
I. LEARNING TARGETS:
At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Describe the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses and kinds of qualitative research;
2. Illustrate the importance of qualitative research across fields;
3. Discuss the characteristics of research;
4. Classify research based on a set of criteria; and
5. Differentiate the various types of research.
II. LESSON PROPER
DEFINITION OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 According to Silverman (2013); Litchman (2013); Walliman (2014); and Suter (2012), qualitative research is an act of
inquiry or investigation of real-life events. It is concerned with own experiences of a life event, and the aim is to
interpret what has been said in order to explain why it is said. This is called natural setting.
 Qualitative Research is a scientific method of observation to gather non-numerical data. It refers to the meanings,
concepts, characteristics, metaphors, symbols and description of phenomena, and not to their counts or measures.

Purpose of Qualitative Research -Qualitative Research promotes a deep, holistic understanding of a particular
phenomenon.

Characteristics of Qualitative Research

1. Human understanding and interpretation in data analysis
2. Active, powerful and forceful in data gathering and rephrasing interview questions
3. Multiple research approaches and methods that allows you to plan your study and being multi-method research
4. Specificity to generalization on specific ideas will lead to generalizations or conclusions.
5. Contextualization - context or situation of individual’s life
6. Diversified data in real-life situations on collecting data in a natural setting
7. Abounds with words and visuals that presents people’s view in a picture, video, drawing or graphs.
8. Internal analysis on examining the data yielded by the internal traits of the subject persons.

Kinds of Qualitative Research

1. Case Study - Long time study of a person, group, organization or situation and an empirical inquiry that investigates
current phenomenon.
Example: “Teenage Pregnancy in the Public High Schools”
2. Ethnography- a study of a particular cultural group.
Example: “Cultural Awareness and Integration of Peace Education in the Indigenous Peoples (IP) Communities” .
3. Phenomenology- “live-experienced” of a phenomenon.
Example: “Life without Gadget”
4. Content and Discourse Analysis-
 Content Analysis- is a research technique that analyzes the modes of communication such as letters, e-mails etc.
 Discourse Analysis- is the study of social life, understood through analysis of language it includes face-to-face talk,
non-verbal interaction, images and symbols. Materials for Discourse Analysis include books, newspapers, periodicals,
brochures and advertisements.
Example: “A Discourse Analysis on the Impact of Modern Technologies on Communication”
5. Historical Analysis- is a qualitative method where there is an examining of past events to draw conclusions and make
predictions about the future.
Example: “The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos’ Speech”
6. Grounded Theory- takes place when there is a discovery of new theory which underlies your study at the time of data
collection and analysis.
Example: “The Story Behind the Migration of Christians from Visayas and Luzon to Mindanao”
7. Narrative Report - designed to present things or events that have happened in the past through a logical progression of
the relevant information. The main purpose of a narrative report is to present a factual depiction of what has occurred.
Example: “Vocabulary Building of Students through Proper Solid Waste Management”
8. Biography- is the study of an individual’s life and struggles and how they reflect cultural themes of the society. It deals
with an interesting story found in documents and archival materials. It is concerned with the reconstruction of life histories
and the constitution of meaning based on biographical narratives and documents.
Five common types of biography are:
(1) Scholarly Chronicles -focus on the historical portrayal of an individual life.
e.g. “Biography of Gloria M. Arroyo, the First Woman President of the Philippines”
(2) Intellectual Biography- narrative of a life through the conceptual analysis of the subject’s motives and beliefs within
the world of ideas.
e.g. “Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal”
(3) Life History Writing- recording of life memories, experiences, whether one’s or another’s.
e.g. “The Hardships of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW’s)”.
(4) Memoir Biography- stylistic presentation of the biographer’s reflections and insights in relation to the factual
account of life.
e.g. “The Experiences of Stranded Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic”
(5) Narrative Biography-a nonfiction account of life experiences of a person.
9. Action Research- is a classroom-based or school-based research seeks transformative change through the process of
taking action and doing research, which are linked together by critical reflection. This type of research is commonly
conducted by the teachers to give solutions to the existing problems to improve students’ academic performance and positive
attitudes.

BASIC RESEARCH APPROACHES IN A SPECIFIC AREA OF DISCIPLINE

1. Scientific or Positive Approach
 Deals with empirical data instead of personal views, feelings or attitudes.
 Allows control of variables or factors affecting the study (Laursen 2010).
 Express and records findings quantitatively.
 Presents structured interviews, questionnaires and observational checklists.
2. Naturalistic Approach
 A people-oriented approach focusing on discovering the real concept or meaning behind people’s lifestyles and
social relations.
 Present things qualitatively through verbal language. Using words as unit of analysis.
 Bases determining universal social values to define ethical and unethical that society ought to know, not only for the
benefit of individual and community but also for the satisfaction of man’s quest for knowledge.” (Sarandakos 2013;
Ransome 2013)
3. Triangulation/ Mixed Method
 Allows a combination or a mixture of research designs, data collection and data analysis techniques.
 Enhance the validity and reliability of qualitative research design.
 Enhances accuracy of interpretation.
 Has an opportunity to view every angle of the research from different perspectives.

Main Methods of Data Collection

a. Interactive interviewing- people asked to verbally described their experiences of phenomenon.
b. Written descriptions by participant- people asked to write descriptions of their experiences of phenomenon.
c. Observation- descriptive observations of verbal and non-verbal behavior.

In the field of Humanities, researchers ought to focus not to man’s social life but instead studies it’s meanings, significance
and visualizations of man’s experiences in the field of Fine Arts, Literature, Music, Drama, Dance and other artistically
inclined subjects.

Humanistic Categories
1. Literature and Art Criticism Focus on language depends on interpretative and reflective thinking.
2. Philosophical Research The focus of inquiry is on knowledge and principles of being and on the manner human beings
conduct themselves on Earth.
3. Historical Research Investigation centers on events and ideas that took place in man’s life at a particular period.

Note: Submit only the activity sheet (last page). The remaining pages of the concept module will serve as your
reviewer
 Apostolic Vicariate of Tabuk Catholic Schools System, Inc.

7 St. William’s Academy Bulanao, Inc.

Senior High School Department
Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga, 3800 Philippines
C.N:___
School Year 2020 – 2021
LEARNING MODULE IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
MODULE NO.3-4. CONCEPT MODULE
TOPIC: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN DAILY LIFE
C.N:____ Name: _____________________________________ Grade and Section:_______________________
ACTIVITY 1: Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before the number.
1. It is the most familiar and applicable type of qualitative research which refers to the investigation of a culture
through an in-depth study of the members of the cultural society.
a. Ethnography b. Phenomenology c. Grounded Theory d. Case Study
2. It is primarily used to generate theory through relevant information taken from very reliable sources and its
focus is theory development.
a. Ethnography b. Phenomenology c. Grounded Theory d. Case Study
3. Which of the following types of qualitative research is designed to focus on the commonality of a “lived
experience” with a particular group and its aim is to determine what an experience means for the persons who have had
the experience of living in a certain community which is the subject of the research?
a. Ethnography b. Phenomenology c. Grounded Theory d. Case Study
4. It is an exploration of a “bounded system” over time through detailed, in-depth data collection involving
multiple sources of information rich in interesting stories.
a. Ethnography b. Phenomenology c. Grounded Theory d. Case Study
5. It is a qualitative research which analyzes the language “beyond the sentence”. It is the study of the ways in
which language is used by the people, both written and spoken contexts.
a. Historical Research b. Discourse Analysis c. Biography d. Narrative Report.
6. “A student really idolizes his English teacher who is expert in grammar and literature. The former wants to
write a scholarly chronicle about the latter’s experiences including his family background, how he achieved his success in
life, his likes and dislikes, his achievements and struggles in life.” What type of qualitative research should a student
employ?
a. Historical Research b. Discourse Analysis c. Biography d. Narrative Report
7. It is a qualitative research in which data related to the past events are systematically collected and evaluated to
describe potential causes, effects, or trends related to those events.
a. Historical Research b. Discourse Analysis c. Biography d. Narrative Report
8. All of the following are strengths of qualitative research EXCEPT
a. Explores sensitive issues b. Captures diversity of experiences and perceptions
c. Allows participants to freely exchange ideas d. Proves a certain theory or principle
9. Which of the following is one of the weaknesses of a qualitative research?
a. Results are limited as they provide less elaboration of human perceptions.
b. Data created through qualitative research are always accepted.
c. Data analysis involving numerical data is difficult.
d. There is a limited review of related literature or in-depth information about the topic.
10. Which of the following is EXCLUDED from the importance of qualitative research in daily life?
a. Qualitative unveils individual’s perception, feelings and attitudes about a certain phenomenon.
b. Qualitative research allows the researcher to immerse in the community where the participants live.
c. Qualitative research stimulates people’s interdependence or interpersonal relationship.
d. Qualitative research lets the researcher to validate the previously constructed theory or principle.
ACTIVITY 2: TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, FALSE if it is incorrect. Write your
answer on the space provided before the number.
_________1.Research studies what happens in any field of knowledge.
_________2.Scientific approach expresses and records your findings qualitatively.
_________3.Triangulation or mixed method enhances accuracy and interpretation.
_________4.Naturalistic approach is people oriented.
_________5.A qualitative research is exclusive to both hard and soft sciences.
_________6.Soft science studies human behavior in a scientific manner.
_________7.The scientific approach gives stress to measurable and observable facts instead of personal views, feelings,
or attitudes.
_________8.All research types apply to all data collecting techniques.
_________9.Reasons happens in just one field of knowledge.
_________10.Past events in a person’s life are the focus of triangulation.

Note: Submit only this sheet. The remaining pages of the concept module will serve as your reviewer

Prepared By: Ms. Lyka Francess S. Balunggay, LPT Checked by: Mr. Alexis B. Luban, MPA
SHS Coordinator
 Approved by: Sr. Celestina Bangcoleng, SIHM
Principal
Parent’ Signature: ______________________________Date: ___________________