Filipino Style Guide: Published: December, 2017

Filipino Style Guide
Published: December, 2017
Microsoft Filipino Style Guide

Table of Contents
1 About this style guide ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Recommended style references .............................................................................................. 4
2 Microsoft voice ...................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Choices that reflect Microsoft voice ...................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Word choice ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Words and phrases to avoid ............................................................................................ 8
2.2 Sample Microsoft voice text ................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Address the user to take action .................................................................................... 10
2.2.2 Promote a feature .............................................................................................................. 11
2.2.3 Provide how-to guidelines.............................................................................................. 11
2.2.4 Explanatory text and support ........................................................................................ 11
3 Language-specific standards .......................................................................................................... 12
3.1 Grammar, syntax and orthographic standards ................................................................ 12
3.1.1 Abbreviations....................................................................................................................... 12
3.1.2 Acronyms .............................................................................................................................. 13
3.1.3 Adjectives .............................................................................................................................. 15
3.1.4 Articles.................................................................................................................................... 16
3.1.5 Capitalization ....................................................................................................................... 20
3.1.6 Compounds .......................................................................................................................... 21
3.1.7 Conjunctions ........................................................................................................................ 24
3.1.8 Gender.................................................................................................................................... 24
3.1.9 Genitive .................................................................................................................................. 25
3.1.10 Localizing colloquialism, idioms, and metaphors................................................... 26
3.1.11 Modifiers ............................................................................................................................... 26
3.1.12 Nouns ..................................................................................................................................... 27
3.1.13 Numbers ................................................................................................................................ 28
3.1.14 Prepositions.......................................................................................................................... 29
3.1.15 Pronouns ............................................................................................................................... 31
3.1.16 Punctuation .......................................................................................................................... 32
Microsoft Filipino Style Guide Page 2 of 63

3.1.17 Split infinitive ....................................................................................................................... 40
3.1.18 Subjunctive ........................................................................................................................... 40
3.1.19 Symbols & nonbreaking spaces ................................................................................... 40
3.1.20 Verbs ....................................................................................................................................... 40
4 Localization considerations ............................................................................................................. 44
4.1 Accessibility .................................................................................................................................. 44
4.2 Applications, products, and features ................................................................................... 45
4.3 Trademarks ................................................................................................................................... 45
4.4 Geopolitical concerns................................................................................................................ 45
4.5 Software considerations........................................................................................................... 46
4.5.1 Error messages .................................................................................................................... 46
4.5.2 Keys ......................................................................................................................................... 48
4.5.3 Keyboard shortcuts/аccess keys ................................................................................... 49
4.5.4 Arrow keys ............................................................................................................................ 55
4.5.5 Numeric keypad ................................................................................................................. 57
4.5.6 Shortcut keys ....................................................................................................................... 57
4.5.7 English pronunciation ....................................................................................................... 60

1 About this style guide
This style guide is intended for the localization professional working on localized
products that run on a Microsoft platform. It’s not intended to be a comprehensive
coverage of all localization practices, but to highlight areas where Microsoft has specific
preferences or deviates from standard practices for Filipino localization.
The primary goal of this guide is to help you understand and learn how to address all of
the necessary linguistic and stylistic nuances of Filipino during the localization of your
products and services.
The style guide covers guidelines and recommendations for translating the Microsoft
voice into Filipino including words, grammatical structures, the needs of the audience,
and the intent of the text that are to be considered. Each of these areas is supplemented
with samples.
Other language considerations covered in this style guide are accessibility, trademarks,
geopolitical concerns and specific software considerations.
We welcome your feedback, questions and concerns regarding the style guide.
Please send your feedback via Microsoft Language Portal.
1.1 Recommended style references
Unless this style guide or the Microsoft Language Portal provides alternative instructions,
use the orthography, grammar, and terminology in the following publications:
Normative references
When more than one solution is possible, consult the other topics in this style guide for
guidance.
1. Almario, Virgilio S. et. al, 2003. Patnubay sa Pagsasalin. 2nd ed. Pasig City: Anvil
Publishing, Inc.
2. Almario, Virgilio S., General Editor. 2001. UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino. Quezon City:
Sentro ng Wikang Filipino, University of the Philippines System.
3. Aspillera, Paraluman S., Basic Tagalog.Las Pinas City: M & L Licudine Enterprises
4. Diksyunaryo Filipino-English. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino 2000. 2nd ed. Manila:
Bertan Press.
5. Gaboy, Luciano L., English-Filipino Dictionary. Mandaluyong City: National
Bookstore

6. Ramos, Teresita V. and Cena, Resty M, Modern Tagalog. Hawaii: University of
Hawaii Press
7. Santos, Vito C. et.al. 1995. New Vicassan’s English-Filipino Dictionary. Pasig City.
Anvil Publishing, Inc.
Microsoft User interface reference
A helpful reference is the Windows User Experience Interaction Guidelines.
2 Microsoft voice
Microsoft’s brand personality comes through in our voice and tone—what we say and
how we say it. The design of Microsoft products, services, and experiences hinges on
crisp simplicity.
Three principles form the foundation of our voice:
• Warm and relaxed: We’re natural. Less formal, more grounded in honest
conversations. Occasionally, we’re fun. (We know when to celebrate.)
• Crisp and clear: We’re to the point. We write for scanning first, reading second.
We make it simple above all.
• Ready to lend a hand: We show customers we’re on their side. We anticipate
their real needs and offer great information at just the right time.
The Microsoft voice targets a broad set of users from technology enthusiasts and casual
computer users. Although content might be different for different audiences, the principles
of Microsoft voice are the same. However, Microsoft voice also means keeping the audience
in mind. Choose the right words for the audience: use technical terms for technical
audiences, but for consumers use common words and phrases instead.
These key elements of Microsoft voice should extend across Microsoft content for
all language locales. For each language, the specific choices in style and tone that
produce Microsoft voice are different. The following guidelines are relevant for
US English as well as many other languages.
Guidelines
Keep the following guidelines in mind:
• Write short, easy-to-read sentences.

• Avoid passive voice—it’s difficult to read and understand quickly.

• Be pleasant and ensure that explanations appear individualized.
• Avoid slang and be careful with colloquialisms—it’s acceptable to reassure and
connect with customers in a conversational tone, but be professional in doing so.
2.1 Choices that reflect Microsoft voice
Translating Filipino in a way that reflects Microsoft voice means choosing words and
grammatical structures that reflect the same style as the source text. It also means
considering the needs of the audience and the intent of the text.
The general style should be clear, friendly and concise. Use language that resembles
conversation observed in everyday settings as opposed to the formal, technical
language that’s often used for technical and commercial content.
When you’re localizing source text written in Microsoft voice, feel free to choose words
that aren’t standard translations if you think that’s the best way to stay true to the
intent of the source text.
Because Microsoft voice means a more conversational style, literally translating the
source text may produce target text that’s not relevant to customers. To guide your
translation, consider the intent of the text and what the customer needs to know to
successfully complete the task.
2.1.1 Word choice
Terminology
Use terminology from the Microsoft Language Portal where applicable, for example key
terms, technical terms, and product names.
Short word forms and everyday words
Microsoft voice text written in US English prefers short, simple words spoken in everyday
conversations. In English, shorter words are friendlier and less formal. Short words also
save space on screen and are easier to read quickly. Precise, well-chosen words add
clarity, but it’s important to be intentional about using everyday words that customers
are accustomed to.
The following table lists some common words that are used for Microsoft voice
in US English.

en-US word en-US word usage
App Use app instead of application or program.
Use pick in more fun, less formal or lightweight situations ("pick a color," not
Pick, choose "choose a color") and choose for more formal situations (don’t use select
unless necessary for the UI).
For general reference to any drive type (hard drive, CD drive, external hard
Drive
drive, etc.). Use specific drive type if necessary.
Fine to use as a synonym for "obtain" or "come into possession of" but
Get
avoid for other general meanings.
Use in most situations unless information better fits the context. Use info
Info
when you point the reader elsewhere ("for more info, see <link>").
Use for personal computing devices. Use computer for situations about PCs
PC
and Macs. Don’t switch between PC and computer.
Address the user as you, directly or indirectly through the use of first- and
second-person pronouns like "you." Avoid third-person references, such as
You "user," as they sound formal and impersonal.
For information on localizing you, see the section Pronouns.
en-US source term Filipino word Filipino word usage
app aplikasyon application
hard disk hard disk
makipag-ugnayan, makipag-
contact use "kontakin" for informal effect
alam, kontakin
info impormasyon impormasyon
mouse mouse
data Datos data
memory Memorya memory
hard drive hard drive

CD drive CD drive
keyboard teklado keyboard
PC PC
computer kompyuter computer
Ka, iyo (don’t use formal "kayo" or

you ka, iyo
"inyo")
2.1.2 Words and phrases to avoid
Microsoft voice avoids an unnecessarily formal tone. The following table lists US English
words that add formality without adding meaning, along with more common equivalents.
en-US word/phrase to avoid Preferred en-US word/phrase
Achieve Do
As well as Also, too
Attempt Try
Configure Set up
Encounter Meet
Execute Run
Halt Stop
Have an opportunity Can
However But
Give/provide guidance, give/provide information Help
In addition Also
In conjunction with With
Locate Find

Make a recommendation Recommend
Modify Change
Navigate Go
Obtain Get
Perform Do
Purchase Buy
Refer to See
Resolve Fix
Subsequent Next
Suitable Works well
Terminate End
Toggle Switch
Utilize Use
en-US source Filipino word to avoid Filipino word/phrase
upang makatulong/upang
to provide help upang magbigay ng tulong
tumulong
experiencing problems nakararanas ng mga problema nagkakaproblema
Nguni’t, Subali’t, Datapuwa’t, Pero

But
Pero
to issue upang magpalabas upang mag-isyu
to give/provide guidance Magbigay/magkaloob ng gabay upang gumabay
Make a recommendation Gumawa ng rekomendasyon Irekomenda/Magrekomenda
You’ren't allowed to send Hindi ka pinahihintulutang Hindi ka puwedeng

messages magpadala ng mga mensahe magpadala ng mga mensahe

Maaaring gumugol ng Baka matagalan ang
Search results may take a
mahabang oras bago lumabas paglabas ng mga resulta ng
long time to appear
ang mga resulta ng paghahanap paghahanap
you can listen to this maaari mong pakinggan ang mapapakinggan mo ang
message by using a mensaheng ito sa pamamagitan mensaheng ito gamit ang
telephone ng paggamit ng telepono telepono
2.2 Sample Microsoft voice text

The source and target phrase samples in these sections illustrate the intent of
the Microsoft voice.
2.2.1 Address the user to take action
US English Filipino target Explanation
The user has entered an

The password isn’t
Mali ang password, kaya incorrect password so provide
correct, so please try
pakisubukang muli. Case- the user with a short and
again. Passwords are
sensitive ang mga password. friendly message with the action
case-sensitive.
to try again.
The user has entered incorrect

This product key didn’t Hindi gumana ang product key
product key. The message
work. Please check it and na ito. Pakitingnan ito at
casually and politely asks the
try again. subukang muli.
user to check it and try again.
Casual and short message to

inform user that setup has
All ready to go Handa na ang lahat.
completed, ready to start using
the system.
Use of the second person

Would you like to pronoun "you" to politely ask
Gusto mo bang magpatuloy?
continue? the user if they would like to
continue.
Give your PC a name—

Pangalanan ang PC mo–kahit
any name you want. If Address the user directly
anong gusto mo. Kung gusto
you want to change the using the second person
mong palitan ang kulay ng
background color, turn pronoun to take the necessary
background, i-off ang high
high contrast off in PC action.
contrast sa mga setting ng PC.
settings.

2.2.2 Promote a feature
Ang larawang password ay isang

Picture password is a new Promoting a specific feature
bagong paraan para matulungan
way to help you protect with the use of em-dash to
kang protektahan ang
your touchscreen PC. You emphasis the specific
touchscreen PC mo. Ikaw ang
choose the picture—and requirements to enable
pipili ng larawan — at ng mga
the gestures you use with the feature which in this
galaw na gagamitin mo kasama
it—to create a password situation is picture
nito — para makagawa ng
that’s uniquely yours. password.
password na iyong-iyo talaga.
Let apps give you Hayaan ang mga app na Promoting the use of apps.
personalized content magbigay sa iyo ng personalized Depending on the context
based on your PC’s na nilalaman batay sa lokasyon, of the string you can add
location, name, account pangalan at larawan sa account familiarity to the text by
picture, and other ng PC mo at iba pang using everyday words for
domain info. impormasyon ng domain. example, PC.
2.2.3 Provide how-to guidelines
Para bumalik at i-save ang

To go back and save your Short and clear action
ginagawa mo, -i-click ang
work, click Cancel and using the second person
Kanselahin at tapusin ang
finish what you need to. pronoun.
kailangan mong matapos.
Para kumpirmahin ang Voice is simple and natural.

To confirm your current
kasalukuyan mong larawang
picture password, just The user isn’t overloaded
password, panoorin lang ang
watch the replay and trace with information; we tell
replay at gayahin ang mga
the example gestures them only what they need
halimbawang galaw na
shown on your picture. to know to make a decision.
ipinapakita sa larawan mo.
2.2.4 Explanatory text and support
The updates are installed, Naka-install na ang mga The language is natural, the
but Windows 10 Setup update, pero kailangang way people talk. In this case
needs to restart for them to mag-restart ng Setup ng voice is reassuring, letting the
work. After it restarts, we’ll Windows 10 para gumana user know that we’re doing the
keep going from where we ang mga ito. Pagka-restart work. Use of "we" provides a

left off. nito, ipagpapatuloy namin more personal feel.
ang iniwan namin.
Kung magre-restart ka
If you restart now, you and ngayon, ikaw at ang ibang Voice is clear and
any other people using this mga taong gumagamit dito natural informing the user what
PC could lose unsaved sa PC ay maaaring mawalan will happen if this action is
work. ng hindi naka-save na taken.
gawain.
Awtomatikong ililipat ang

This document will
dokumentong ito sa tamang
be automatically moved to Voice talks to the
library at folder pagkatapos
the right library and folder user informatively and directly
mong iwasto ang mga hindi
after you correct invalid or on the action that will be taken.
tama o nawawalang
missing properties.
katangian.
Something bad happened! May nangyaring masama!

Unable to locate Hindi mahanap ang mga na- Without complexity and using
downloaded files to create download na file para short sentences inform the user
your bootable USB flash gumawa ng bootable na USB what has happened.
drive. flash drive mo.
3 Language-specific standards
Information about Filipino-specific standards, such as phone number formats, date
formats, currency formats, and measurement units are available from the GoGlobal
Developer Center.
3.1 Grammar, syntax and orthographic standards
This section includes information on how to apply the general language and syntax rules
to Microsoft products, online content, and documentation.
3.1.1 Abbreviations
Common abbreviations
You might need to abbreviate some words in the UI (mainly buttons or options names)
due to lack of space.

There are no abbreviations like this that needs to be addressed in Filipino. However, a
similar issue on the use of the contracted “-‘t” and “-‘y” needs to be addressed. Avoid
using contracted ‘at’ and ‘ay’ in structures. It’s better to use the long form.
You might need to abbreviate some words in the UI (mainly buttons or options names)
due to lack of space.
List of common abbreviations:
Expression Acceptable Abbreviation
for example (halimbawa) (+) hal.
Number (bilang, numero) (+) blg., num.
a.m. (ng umaga) (+) n.u.
p.m. (ng hapon, ng gabi) (+) n.h., n.g.
etc. (at iba pa) (+) atbp.
signed (nilagdaan) (+) lgd.
year (taon) (+) tn.
month (buwan) (+) bwn.
mm (+) bb
dd (+) aa
yyyy (+) tttt
document (dokumento) (+) dok.
page (pahina) (+) ph.
3.1.2 Acronyms
Acronyms are words made up of the initial letters of major parts of a compound term.
Common examples are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), DNS (Domain Name
Server), and HTML (Hypertext Markup Language).
Caution: Don’t include a generic term after an acronym or abbreviation if one of the
letters in the acronym stands for that term. Even though this might occur in the US-

English version, it should be “corrected” in the localized version. These examples show
the redundancy in red for English terms:
• (-) RPC call

• (-) HTML language
• (-) TCP/IP-Protocol
• (-) PIN Number
These examples show the redundancy in red for Filipino terms:
• (-) RPC na tawag

• (-) HTML na lengguahe
• (-) TCP/IP na Protokol
• (-) PIN na numero
Localized acronyms
In online help or documentation, spell out the words that comprise an acronym or
abbreviation the first time that acronym is used in the text. You should include the
language-specific translation, the US term, and the acronym as in the following example:
• Mga Bagay sa Pag-access ng Data (Data Access Objects, DAO)

• Mga Bagay ng Data na ActiveX (ActiveX Data Objects, ADO)
In the user interface, there is usually not enough space for all three terms (US term,
language-specific translation, and the acronym); only in wizards, the acronym can easily
be spelled out and localized on first mention. If there are space constraints or there is no
'first' occurrence, it’s up to you to judge to the best of your knowledge whether the
acronym or abbreviation can be left as is or should be spelled out and localized.
You should also consider that different users will have different levels of knowledge
about a product. For example, an Italian Exchange user will understand “DL,” but the
average Italian Windows user might not understand “DL” and would need to see “lista di
distribuzione" (distribution list) instead. Try to be consistent within a product with your
use of acronyms and initializations.
Note: Although the English acronym can’t generally be derived from the language-
specific translation, creating a new acronym derived from the language-specific
translated term is not an option. For example, don’t replace an English acronym with a
language-specific acronym; instead, leave the English acronym or abbreviation intact, as
in these examples “where DLL” and “DPI” are correctly rendered as "DLL" and "DPI":

Language English example Acceptable translation
Hausa Application Initialization DLL (+) Farawa Afilikeshon DLL
Kiswahili DPI Scaling (+) Urekebishaji DPI
(+) Pagpapasimula ng Application DLL

Filipino Application Initialization DLL NOT
(-) Pagpapasimula ng Application PNA
Unlocalized acronyms
Many acronyms are standardized and remain untranslated. They are only followed by
their full spelling in English if the acronym must be explained to Filipino-speaking
audiences. If the acronym is commonly known, it can be used on its own.
The following list contains examples of acronyms and abbreviations that are considered
commonly understood; these acronyms and abbreviations should not be localized or
spelled out in full in English:
• ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

• ISO (International Standards Organization)
• ISDN
• DOS
• DSL
• CD
• DVD
If you’re unsure what an acronym or abbreviation stands for or refers to, contact your PM.
3.1.3 Adjectives
In Filipino, adjectives should be handled in the following manner.
There are 3 degrees of adjective in Filipino, namely Neutral, Comparative and

Superlative.
Neutral adjectives—these are the standard or regular type of adjective

Regular type:
Ex. (+) Malaki, mabagal, mabilis
As noun modifier

Ex. (+) Malaking file, mabagal na koneksyon, mabilis na download
As a predicate of an Adjectival Sentence
Ex. (+) Malaki ang file, mabagal na koneksyon sa internet, mabilis na download ng file
Comparative adjectives—these are used when comparing different things.

Equal comparison:
Ex. (+) Magkasing laki ang file, Kasing laki ang file, Singlaki ang file.
Unequal comparison:
Ex. (+) Mas malaki ang file ng video kaysa sa file ng dokumento
Superlative adjective – this is the highest degree of an adjective

Ex. (+) Ang laki-laki ng file, Ang bagal-bagal ng koneksyon, Ang bilis-bilis ng download
Pagkalaki-laki ng file, Pagkabagal-bagal ng koneksyon, Pagkabilis-bilis ng download
Ubod ng laki ang file, Saksakan ng bagal ang koneksyon, Ganap na mabilis ang
download
Possessive adjectives
The frequent use of possessives is a feature of English language. However, in Filipino,

possessive adjective describes a noun by telling whom it belongs to or answer the
question whose.
3.1.4 Articles
General considerations
The definite article is "ang" (meaning "the").
The indefinite articles are "isang" ("one" or "a/an"); "ilang"/"mga" ("some"); "alinman"
("any").
Many error messages in English vary with regard to the use of articles, demonstrative
and possessive pronouns. Be consistent in how you deal with such variation in Filipino.
English example Filipino example Explanation
File already exists In complete sentences,

use determiners
The file already exists (+) Mayroon nang file
consistently even if the
This file already exists US string does not.

English example Filipino example Explanation
No need to use a
Not enough memory to (+) Walang sapat na memory para demonstrative
complete this operation. kumpletuhin ang operasyon. construction, unless it’s
important in context.
(+) Hindi mapagana ng Windows

Windows 10 can’t start your Avoid using possessive
10 ang system. Kung
system. If the problem marker “your” unless
magpapatuloy ang problema,
persists, contact your ownership is important in
kontakin ang tagapangasiwa ng
network administrator. context.
network.
In Filipino, there are markers that mark nouns or noun phrases in a sentence. These
markers introduce nouns as subject (topic) or non-subject (non-topic). The following
table summarizes markers and possessive pronouns.
Noun markers
Non-subject Subject
Non-personal
singular ng sa ang
plural ng mga sa mga ang mga
Personal
singular ni kay si
plural nina kina sina
Unlocalized feature names
Microsoft product names and non-translated feature names are used without definite or
indefinite articles in the English language. We treat them in this way:
Product names and non-translated feature names should also be treated as proper
nouns in Filipino.

English example Filipino example
Windows Mail shares your Internet (+) Ibinabahagi ng Windows Mail ang iyong
Connection settings with Internet Explorer mga setting sa Internet Connection sa Internet
Explorer
Website addresses will be sent to (+) Ipapadala ang mga address ng website sa
Microsoft Microsoft
By contrast, translated feature names are used with a definite or indefinite article as they
are not treated as proper names. In Filipino, this would mean marking them
appropriately with ‘ang’, 'ng’ or ‘sa’.
Hide the Task Manager when it’s minimized (+) Itatago ang Task Manager kapag ito ay
pinaliit
Check for updates in your installed Media (+) Tingnan ang mga update sa iyong na-
Player's language install na linggwahe ng Media Player
Copyright protection is granted to any original work of authorship fixed in any tangible
medium of expression from which it can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated.
These translations must be used:
English text Filipino translation
Copyright (+) Copyright
All rights reserved (+) Nakalaan ang lahat ng karapatan
Microsoft Corporation (+) Microsoft Corporation
Localized feature names
Feature names are considered proper nouns and kept in English.
Examples: ‘Cut’ – (+) “I-cut”

‘Paste’ – (+) “I-paste”
Articles for English borrowed terms

When faced with an English loan word previously used in Microsoft products, consider
the following options:
The use of borrowed words is so widespread in Filipino due to technology that there
exists mass English-Filipino bilingualism at present. Noteworthy, the use of an English
borrowing does not necessarily imply the lack of the native equivalent but rather it only
conveys the message even better.
Filipino speakers usually handle such words as foreign words italicizing them in the text
in print media. It’s important to always separate the borrowed words from the Filipino
prefix using a hyphen.
He can’t log-on - Hindi siya maka-log-on

He can’t save the document. - Hindi niya ma-save ang dokumento.
Scanning details - Mga detalye ng pag-scan:
He deleted a file. - Nag-delete siya ng file.
Downloading new version... - Nagda-download ng bagong bersiyon
He withdrew. - Nag-withdraw siya.
My photo is attached here. - Naka-attach dito ang litrato ko.
He just browsed with friends. - Naki-browse lang siya sa mga kaibigan.
The configuration files could not be loaded: - Hindi mailo-load ang mga file ng
kumpigurasyon:
Update the {0} - I-update ang {0}
currently logged-on account - account na kasalukuyang naka-log on
• Motivation: Does the English word have any formally motivated features that
would allow a straightforward integration into the noun class system of the
Filipino language?
• Analogy: Is there an equivalent Filipino term whose article could be used?
• Frequency: Is the term used in other technical documentation? If so, what article
is used most often?
The internet may be a helpful reference here.

Check the Microsoft Language Portal to confirm the user of a new loan word and its
proper article to avoid inconsistencies.
en-US source Filipino target
Exchange ActiveSync encountered an Isang hindi inaasahang error ang natagpuan ng

unexpected error Exchange ActiveSync

3.1.5 Capitalization
If the first word in the English source string is capitalized, the corresponding first word in
the target language should also be capitalized. If the word in the English source string is
not capitalized, the corresponding first word in the target language should also not be
capitalized, unless language-specific rules specify different capitalization.
Some strings are concatenated “at run-time” and you will occasionally find strings that
seem to lack a subject or simply start in the middle. Be careful not to start such strings
with an upper-case letter, unless the spelling rules of your language require it.
Example of a string:
is trying to connect to this computer. If you allow, you will be disconnected, but
you can resume later. Do you want to allow this connection?\r\n
Filipino:
ay sinusubukang kumunekta sa computer na ito. Kung hahayaan mo,

madidiskunekta ka, pero muli kang makakapagpatuloy. Pahihintulutan mo ba ang
koneksyon na ito?\r\n
Many more nouns and verbs are capitalized in the English source string than would
normally be expected. You should not try to mimic the capitalization in the source
strings, but use your knowledge of the spelling conventions of Filipino to decide which
words in a string to capitalize and which to leave lower-case. Over-capitalization is
awkward and leads to inconsistencies in the UI.
Should an English noun be capitalized in the source string and be translated by two
words in the target language, be consistent in capitalizing according to the rules below.
Be consistent in the application of spelling rules.
Here are a few of the relevant rules on capitalization.
Rules for capitalizing content
• Sentences and phrases
1. Capitalize the first word of a sentence.

2. When the first word of a source phrase is capitalized, capitalize the first word of
the translation phrase.

3. When the entire sentence or phrase of the source text is capitalized, only the
significant words in the translated sentence or phrase are capitalized. The three
(or fewer) lettered words like markers, particles and linkers are not capitalized
unless it’s the first word of the phrase or sentence.
4. When the translation of a capitalized source term is a hyphenated compound
word, only the first word is capitalized.
5. When the translation of a word is a phrase, the significant words in the said
translation phrase are translated according to Rule #3.
• Individual words
1. When the source text is capitalized

2. Capitalize proper nouns (names of people, places, product names, organizations,
languages, etc.)
3. Trademarks or product names
4. Names of national, political, racial, social, civic and athletic groups or
organizations.
5. Abbreviations and acronyms in the source text.
6. Geographic regions but not directions
Manage IP Safelists (+) Pangasiwaan ang mga Safelist ng IP
GALSync 2010 Known Issues (+) Mga Natukoy na Isyu sa GALSync 2010
Log off user (+) I-log off ang gumagamit
Sample Welcome Message (+) Halimbawa ng Pagbating Mensahe
Learn About Changing Your Voice (+) Alamin ang Tungkol sa Pagbabago ng Iyong Mga
Mail Settings Setting ng Voice Mail
Message, Mailbox, and Recipient (+) Mga Limitasyon sa Mensahe, Mailbox, at

Limits Tagatanggap
3.1.6 Compounds
Generally, compounds should be understandable and clear to the user. Overly long
or complex compounds should be avoided. Keep in mind that unintuitive compounds
are ultimately an intelligibility and usability issue.

Affixation:
There are many affixes that could add other meanings to a root word. Aside from the
usual focus related affixes, Filipino has many word forming affixes that could be used in
forming compounds which could also be used to shorten lengthy translations. The most
helpful reference for these affixes is the list of affixes listed in Filipino-English
dictionaries, and the most extensive list is in English-Filipino Dictionary by L.L. Gaboy.
Below are examples of the relevant affixes:
Affixes Meaning Examples
Noun forming affix to indicate (+) lalagyan—container

place of, to/from whom to, utility
-an, -han (+) padadalhan—whom to send to
English equivalent: where/whom
to + root (+) bibigyan—whom to give to
Indicate quality of possession of (+) de-kuryente—electric

quality mentioned in the root
de- word (+) de-kahon—boxed
English equivalent: -d, -ed, -ic (+) de-lata—canned
(+) di-konektado—disconnected
Adjective or adverb indicating
negative of the root word (+) di-tapos—unfinished
di-
English equivalent: un-, dis-, non- (+) di-katanggap-tanggap—
unacceptable
Indicates character, condition, (+) pagkakagawa—workmanship

manner (how it’s…) English (+) pagkakakabit—how it’s
pagka-
equivalent: -ity, -ship,-hood, - connected
ness (+) pagkakakonekta—connectivity
ika- indicates cause or reason (+) ikasisira—reason of breakdown
Indicates recently completed

(+) kapipindot—has just pressed
ka- action
kalilipat—has just transferred
English equivalent: has just…
Ipang-, ipam-, (+) ipang-edit—use to edit

Indicates utility
ipan- (+) ipansulat / ipanulat—use to write
English equivalent: to be used for
Pang-, pam-, (+) ipambasa / ipangbasa—use to
/ use for
pan- read

Affixes Meaning Examples
Adjective forming affix for verb (+) nakahanda—prepared

naka- roots (+) nakakabit—attached
English equivalent: -ed, -ing (+) nakakonekta—connected
Noun forming affix

pag- (+) pagpapahusay -improvement
English equivalent: -ing, -ent
(+) manlalaro—player
[‘mag-‘/mang-] Indicates profession, work (+) manunulat—writer
+ 1st syllable of
rw+ rw English equivalent: -er’ -ian (+) manggagamot—
doctor/physician
Combination of words:
When combining words, you need to link them properly to form grammatically accurate
phrase. When the translation is an adjectival phrase, it’s necessary to use linkers. For this
section, a linker is a word that links a product or a component name with the other
additions of the phrase. The linkers are 'na', ‘-ng’, and '-g’.
There are specific rules when to use these:
• The linker ‘na’ is used when the word that precedes it ends in a consonant
• The linker ‘-ng’ is used as a suffix when the word that precedes it ends in a vowel
• The linker ‘-g’ is used as a suffix when the word that precedes it ends in 'n'
Here are some examples how these are used:
multimedia files (+) mga file na multimedia
Visual Basic project (+) proyektong Visual Basic
portable computer (+) bitbiting computer
e-mail message (+) mensaheng e-mail
Digital license (+) Lisensiyang digital
Other words used for compounding are ‘ng’ (of) and ‘sa’ (in, on, at, by, etc).

Examples:
English examples Filipino example
Internet Accounts (+) Mga Account sa Internet
Logon script processing (+) Pagproseso ng script sa pag-logon
Workgroup Administrator (+) Tagapangasiwa ng Workgroup
Internet News Server Name (+) Pangalan ng Server ng Balita sa Internet
For all of these linguistic features and grammatical rules, refer to Basic Tagalog by P.S.
Aspillera, Modern Tagalog by Teresita V. Ramos and Resty M. Cena and other grammar
books of Teresia V. Ramos.
3.1.7 Conjunctions
For en-US Microsoft voice, conjunctions can help convey a conversational tone. Starting
a sentence with a conjunction can be used to convey an informal tone and style.
There are some conjunctions and prepositions that are more natural- and casual-
sounding than others with the same meaning and more appropriate for use in the
Microsoft voice.
Examples:
fil-PH new use of

en-US source text fil-PH old use of conjunctions
conjunctions
but ngunit, subalit, datapwat (conj.) pero
to upang (conj.) para
because sapagkat (conj.) dahil
according to alinsunod sa (prep.) ayon sa
3.1.8 Gender
There are three genders for the Filipino language - masculine, feminine and neuter.
On the other hand, Filipino does not distinguish gender in referent words, such as

pronouns. For example, "she" and "he" in English is equivalent to "siya" in Filipino, which
means "that person" (no specific gender). Also, "hers" and "his" in English is equivalent to
"kanya" in Filipino, which means "belonging to that person" (again, no specific gender).
Examples:
He is a boy. (+) Siya ay lalaki.

She is a girl. (+) Siya ay babae.
The file is hers. (+) Sa kanya ang file.
The man is using his own account. (+) Ginagamit ng lalaki ang sarili niyang account.
3.1.9 Genitive
Filipino does not distinguish gender for the singular third person unlike English's he,
she, and it. Filipino pronouns have a nominative (subjective), two objective, and a
genitive (possessive) cases. The table below lists all of these cases, some of which are
accompanied by contracted forms. The apostrophe is actually a formality and is almost
always left out in written texts.
Examples:
Singular Plural
First person akin amin
First-second person atin
Second person iyo inyo
Third person kaniya or kanila
kan’ya
Convention 1 (for example, attaching a genitive "s" to (trademarked) product names is

not feasible, as it could be interpreted as a modification of such names.)
In the example below the term ‘ng’ serves as genitive marker or simply ‘of’ in English.
Example: Windows’s server

Translation: (+) Server ng Windows

3.1.10 Localizing colloquialism, idioms, and metaphors
The Microsoft voice allows for the use of culture-centric colloquialisms, idioms and
metaphors (collectively referred to "colloquialism").
Choose from these options to express the intent of the source text appropriately.
• Don’t attempt to replace the source colloquialism with a Filipino colloquialism

that fits the same meaning of the particular context unless it’s a perfect and
natural fit for that context.
• Translate the intended meaning of the colloquialism in the source text (not the
literal translation of the original colloquialism in the source text), but only if the
colloquialism’s meaning is an integral part of the text that can’t be omitted.
• If the colloquialism can be omitted without affecting the meaning of the text,
omit it.
3.1.11 Modifiers
In Filipino, a word can take the role of both an adverb and an adjective.
Adjectives modify nouns by the linker na. However, if na follows a word ending in a
vowel or glottal stop or the letter N, then it becomes suffixed to that word as -ng. The
adjective can either come before or come after the word it modifies. Adverbs modify
verbs by following the verb and being marked by nang or preceding the verb with the
linkers na or -ng, which is optional.
The word mabilís (fast) is used as an example below:
(+) Mabilís ang koneksyon.

"The connection is fast."
(+) Ang koneksyong mabilís.

"The fast connection."
(+) Kumukunekta ang internet nang mabilís.

"The internet connects fast."
But note also: Mabilís kumunekta ang internet.

"Internet connects fast."
Modifiers can be a stand-alone rootword or the rootword can be affixed: basâ (wet),
buháy (alive), patáy (dead), hinóg (ripe), pangit (ugly), pulá (red), putî (white), and itím

(black). The most common modifier prefix is ma-: matandâ (old), mataás (high), maliít
(little), malakí (big), mabahò (smelly), masaráp (delicious), malakás (strong), and mapulá
(reddish).
Other affixes denote different meanings. For example, pinaká- is the superlative;
pinakamalakás (strongest). Another is nakasalamín (bespectacled, wearing glasses).
3.1.12 Nouns
General considerations
While Filipino nouns are not inflected, they are usually preceded by case-marking
particles. These follow an Austronesian alignment (also known as a 'trigger' system)
which is unique to the Philippines and neighboring islands. There are three basic cases:
direct (or absolutive, often inaccurately labeled the nominative), indirect (which may
function as an ergative, accusative, or genitive), and oblique.
Direct Indirect Oblique Locative
Common singular ang, 'yung (iyong) ng, n'ung (niyong) sa nasa
Common plural ang mgá, 'yung mgá ng mgá, n'ung mgá sa mgá nasa mga
(iyong mgá) (niyong mgá)
Personal singular si ni kay na kay
Personal plural sina nina kina nakina
Plural formation
For plurals, add mga immediately before the noun.
Examples:
Files—(+) Mga file

Emails—(+) Mga email

3.1.13 Numbers
This topic includes guidelines when to use numerals (symbol that represents a number.
for example, 1, 2, 3, 234, etc.) and when to spell out numbers (one, two, three, two
hundred and thirty-four) and other aspects for the particular language.
Consistency is the key in writing numbers, thus, these rules can be helpful in Filipino
translations for consistency purposes:
1. Even if under 10, when numbers are in a list, keep all the numbers in the list consistent.
Examples:
He gave his younger brother 2 pairs of shoes, 4 long pants and 5 shorts.—Binigyan niya
ng 2 pares na sapatos, 4 na pantalon at 5 korto ang kanyang nakababatang kapatid.
She has four sisters aged 3, 5, 7 and 9.—Mayroon siyang apat na kapatid na babae na
edad 3, 5, 7 at 9.
2. Spell out all numbers that begin a sentence.
Examples:
Forty-four policemen were killed in the clash.—Apatnapu’t apat na pulis ang napatay sa
sagupaan.
Ninety athletes joined the competition last year, but this time there were only 70.—
Siyamnapung atleta ang lumahok sa kompetisyon noong nakaraang taon, ngunit may
70 lamang sa pagkakataong ito.
He submitted his project at 10 A.M.—Alas-diyes ng umaga niya isinumite ang kanyang

proyekto.
3. Always use the numeric form for years.
Examples:
2014 was a very good year for him.—Napakaganda ng 2014 para sa kanya.
The program was launched in 2000.—Inilunsad ang programa noong 2000.

4. Observe proper contraction or hyphenation, whichever is applicable, for all compound
numbers and fractions written in words.
Examples:
Thirty-two members signed the petition.—Tatlumpu’t dalawang miyembro ang lumagda

sa petisyon.
Sixteen delegates were sent to the convention.—Labing-anim na delegado ang

ipinadala sa kombensiyon.
The bottle is filled with about two-thirds liquid.—Halos dalawang-katlong likido ang
laman ng bote.
The length of table is five and a half meters.—Lima’t kalahating metro ang haba ng
mesa.
5. Use commas in figures with four or more digits.
Examples:
5,005 search results – 5,005 resulta ng paghahanap; 1,055 documents—1,055

dokumento; $1,500,000.00—$1,500,000.00
3.1.14 Prepositions
Be aware of proper preposition use in translations. Many translators, influenced by the

English language, omit them or change the word order.
For the Microsoft voice, use of prepositions is another way to help convey a casual or
conversational tone. Starting or ending a sentence with a preposition is acceptable
practice in conveying Microsoft voice.
The preposition in Filipino is only rendered by one word—"sa." This is used to convey
the concept of English prepositions "in, on, to, from, for, through, etc." However, it’s
clearer to use the words "mula sa," "galing sa" to mean from.
US Expression Filipino Expression Comment
migrate to (+) Ilipat sa
Migrate from (+) Ilipat mula sa "mula" or "galing" could be used

US Expression Filipino Expression Comment
import to (+) i-import sa
import from (+) i-import mula sa "mula" or "galing" could be used
export to (+) i-export sa
export from (+) i-export mula sa
update to (+) I-update sa
upgrade to (+) i-upgrade sa
change to Take note that "palitan" is to change

(+) palitan sa to, and "ipalit" is "replace with"
change from
click on (+) i-click sa / mag-click sa
connect to (+) ikonekta sa

connect from (+) ikonekta mula sa
welcome to... (+) Welcome sa…
The examples below contain frequently occurring noun phrases that are preceded by a
preposition. Use this table as a reference.
US-English expression Filipino expression Comment
In the toolbar (+) sa toolbar "sa" is the equivalent for all

of the prepositions in English
on the tab (+) sa tab
on the menu (+) sa menu
on the net (+) sa net
on the Internet (+) sa internet
on the Web (+) sa web
on a web site (+) sa web site
on a web page (+) sa pahina ng web

3.1.15 Pronouns
Personal pronouns are used to replace noun phrases that refer to person(s). However,
many young Filipino-speakers in the Philippines nowadays use these pronouns to refer
to other animate and inanimate nouns. This is a colloquial usage and translators are
advised to limit the use of these pronouns to refer only to people.
First person pronouns refer to the person who is doing the speaking.
1. When there is only one person referred to, the singular form of the pronoun is
used (Ex.: I).
2. When more than one person is referred to the plural form is used.
Second person pronouns refer to the person being spoken to (Ex.: you).
Third person pronouns refer to someone who is neither the speaker, nor the listener.
This kind of pronouns refers to someone who is outside the conversation (for example,
him, they).
There are different markers that indicate if a noun is in focus (ANG), not in focus (NG),
or involved with directions (SA), and there is also a pronoun that’s in focus, a pronoun
that’s not focused, and a pronoun that’s involved with direction.
Even if the markers specify the cases of nouns, the word order is not free and words are
arranged in P-S-O order. The order can be re-arranged with the use of "ay" marker, but
without it, the verb should come first then the subject or the agent that does the act,
and the object will be placed at the end of the sentence.
When the noun indicates plural objects, "mga" will precede the noun and placed right
after the markers (as in "ang mga mensahe").
If the following noun is a person's name, the marker should be replaced respectively
with the following:
si (ANG form)
ni (NG form)
kay (SA form)
In case of pronouns, each pronoun has all three cases as in:
Ako – ko – akin ( I—my—me )

Note that there are inclusive and exclusive "we" or first person plural.
"Kami" indicates that the speaker intends to exclude the listener.
Now, if the listener is included, "tayo" should be used.
There are only two (2) English demonstratives, namely, "this" and "that"; whereas Filipino
demonstratives make a clear distinction of "iyan" and "iyon."
All of these demonstratives take the ANG/NG/SA forms such as:
ito – nito – dito

iyan – niyan – diyan
iyon – noon – doon
Alternatively, for cases wherein the demonstratives follow vowel-ending words, the SA
form has the rito, riyan, and roon variations.
3.1.16 Punctuation
This section explains how to use Filipino-specific punctuation in place of the US-English
punctuation found in the source interface and content.
The Filipino language follows the English rules for the use of basic punctuation marks.
When localizing, adhere to the punctuation basic rules of English.
The 2001 Revision of the Alphabet and Spelling Guide of Filipino Language (Patnubay sa
Ispeling ng Wikang Filipino) issued by the Commission on Filipino Language provides
some general rules on the proper use of commas, hyphen and other punctuations. For
the complete list of the punctuations and how these are used, you could also refer to
the Punctuation and Other Language Signals and Retorika.
Decimal separator
Numbers may be written with numerals (120) or spelled out (isang daan at dalawampu).
The choice of either spelling numbers or writing them out with numerals depends on
the English source. It’s not recommended to mix them in the same text. If simple and
more complex numbers are used in the same text, numerals are preferred.
The following are always written with numerals:

• Time (1:00 PM)
• Dates and years (Enero 1, 2013)
• Metric system measures (5m, 33km, 12kg)
• Temperature degrees (24ºC)
• Number of inhabitants (41, 000, 000)
• Version number (Bersyon 3.0)
• Page numbers (Pahina 18)
• Article numbers (Artíkulo 15)
English and Filipino both use a period as a decimal separator.
Example:
English: 5.25 inches

Filipino: 5.25 pulgada
For numbers smaller than 1, follow English source.
Example:
English: .5
Filipino: .5
For thousands, follow English source.
Example:
English: 1,526
Filipino: 1.526
Comma
The Filipino language follows the English rules for the use of commas.
Make sure to include a space after the commas.
Example: (+) Marso 27, 2010
Colon
Don’t use colons if the introduction is not a complete sentence and one of the items in
the list is needed to complete the thought.

Don’t use a colon to separate a verb from its objects.
Don’t use colon after "such as."
Don’t use a colon to separate a preposition from its objects.
Example:
US English Filipino target
He was in charge of: reservation, Siya ang may katungkulan sa pagrereserba,

registration and room assignments. pagrerehistro at pagtatakda ng mga silid.
Dashes and hyphens
Three different dash characters are used in English:
Hyphen
The hyphen is used to divide words between syllables, to link parts of a compound
word, and to connect the parts of an inverted or imperative verb form. There are
different uses of hyphens in the written form of the Filipino language.
Below are common uses hyphens and corresponding examples.
1. Hyphens are used in combining Filipino prefixes and English words.
Examples:
download i-download / mag-download
upload i-upload / mag-upload
print i-print / mag-print
save i-save / mag-save
debug i-debug / mag-debug
In some cases, hyphens may be removed entirely. For an English word that sounds like a
Filipino word when spoken, a hyphen may not be used anymore.

Example:
magmonitor (to monitor)
Just be careful when doing so as there are words that the audience might not recognize
when used without the hyphen.
Example:
to ban (+) i-ban (to ban) (-) iban
2. Hyphens must be used when using the Filipino prefix "de-.” The prefix "de-" is
used to indicate usage of a thing to indicate a level or standing. It’s wrong to
remove the hyphen in such words to place a space instead.
electric de-kuryente
motorized de-motor
of high quality de-kalidad
3. Hyphens are used to connect phrasal adjectives: two words or more that
collectively modify or describe another, which comes after.
Example:
one-click install (+) isang-klik na pag-install
4. Hyphens are used to separate the figures from the prefix ika- when writing the
date, time and other numbers.
Examples:
October 24, 2014 (+) ika-24 ng Oktubre, 2014
2:00 P.M. (+) ika-2:00 N.H.
chapter 20 (+) ika-20 kabanata
5. Hyphens are used I writing worded fractions in Filipino
Examples:
one-third (+) isang-katlo
one-fourth (+) isang-kapat

6. Hyphens are also used to separate two (nearly) identical parts of a word.
Examples: Filipinos have been used to seeing hyphens on these words that in their
minds, the repeated word without the hyphen simply don’t exist.
Examples:
isa-isa dahan-dahan
tayo-tayo turo-turo
sila-sila luko-luko
pantay-pantay taba-taba
7. Hyphens are used to combine two different words together to come up with a
new one using hyphens to integrate two words together to come up with a totally
unique idea. Not using hyphens in this case will muddle the thought of the sentence
rendering it unintelligible.
Examples:
bantay-salakay
isip-bata
8. Use a hyphen between a prefix and a root word when the root begins with a
vowel. Don’t use a hyphen if the root begins with a consonant. Examples:
mag- ika- maki- paki- pag- kasing- labing-
9. Hyphens are used if the prefixes “pag” and “nag” are followed by vowels.
Examples:
nag-aalaga
pag-ilag
nag-impake
pag-aatubili
10. Hyphen is used when a proper noun comes after the prefix "taga." If it’s a
common noun such as "nayon," "bayan," etc. don't put anything.
Examples:
taganayon
tagabayan
tagasiyudad

taga-Davao
taga-Manila
En dash
The en dash is used as a minus sign, usually with spaces before and after.
Example:
10 – 5 = 5 10 – 5 = 5
The en dash is also used in number ranges, such as those specifying page numbers. No
spaces are used around the en dash in this case.
Examples:
1966–2011 1966–2011
24–50 24–50
Em dash
The em dash should only be used to emphasize an isolated element or introduce

an element that’s not essential to the meaning conveyed by the sentence. It’s used to
indicate a break or an explanatory expression in a sentence.
However, note that in Filipino, the use of period, comma, or parentheses is

recommended over em dash.
Examples:
(+) “sa lahat ng mga kapatid na naririto (magkakasama kaming bumabati sa mga
iglesya)”
(-) “sa lahat ng mga kapatid na naririto — magkakasama kaming bumabati sa mga
iglesya”
Example:

US English Filipino target Comment
You choose the picture— Pumili ka ng larawan—at "Pumili ka ng larawan (at mga
and the gestures you use mga pahayag na gamit mo pahayag na gamit mo dito)
with it—to create a dito—para makagawa ng para makagawa ng password
password that’s uniquely password na tanging iyo na tanging iyo lang." can also
yours. lang. be used.
Ellipses (suspension points)
Ellipsis is a mark or series of marks that usually indicate an intentional omission of a

word in the original text. It can be used to indicate a pause in speech, an unfinished
thought, or, at the end of a sentence, a trailing off into silence.
The most common form of an ellipsis is a row of three periods. This triple-dot
punctuation mark is also called a suspension point, points of ellipsis, periods of ellipsis,
or, colloquially, dot-dot-dot.
Keep in mind the following when using ellipses/suspension points:
Filipino follows the English rules for the use of ellipses.
Example:
(+) For more information contact… - Para sa higit na impormasyon makipag-ugnayan…
Period
While many other languages use a comma as the decimal separator, Filipino language
follows US English in using a period.
Don’t use a space for this purpose as a space separates the numeral from the
abbreviation.
In paper sizes (the last example in the table below) the decimal separator and the
abbreviation "in" for inches are kept, since the sizes are US norms and should be
represented accordingly.
5.25 cm (+) 5.25 cm
5 x 7.2 inches (+) 5 x 7.2 pulgada
Letter Landscape 11 x 8.5 in (+) Letter na 11 x 8.5 in na Nakapahiga

Use comma as a separator of numerals. For thousand, English uses a comma while many
other languages use a period (at Microsoft we normally don’t use a space for this
purpose, but we use a period instead to avoid wrapping problems). The comma is also
used in Filipino.
1,526 (+) 1,526
$ 1,526.75 (+) $ 1,526.75
Example:
(+) Kopyahin at i-paste sa dokumento.
Quotation marks
Filipino follows the English rules for the use of quotation marks.
Examaple: "Related topics"
(+) "Mga kaugnay na paksa"
Parentheses
In English, there is no space between the parentheses and the text inside them.
Filipino follows the English rules.
Example: (does not contain all languages)
(+) (hindi naglalaman ng lahat ng wika)
Percentage
In Filipino, don’t leave a space between the number and the % sign, unless specified
by English source:
Incorrect Correct
50% 50 % 50%

3.1.17 Split infinitive
Filipino follows the English rules for the use of split infinitive.
Example: To visibly connect to the messenger—(+) Upang kumunekta nang nakikita
sa messenger
3.1.18 Subjunctive
Subjunctive mood in Filipino is used to express wishes, desires, etc. However, the tense
used is either present or future (i.e., on a case-to-case basis).
In Filipino, the subjunctive is expressed by using particles with the infinitive. The particles
are sana, kaya and nawa.
Example:
What if I remove this now? Tanggalin ko kaya ito ngayon?
3.1.19 Symbols & nonbreaking spaces

Filipino follows the English rules for the use of symbols and nonbreaking spaces.
Example: (+) Mr. Gamboa
3.1.20 Verbs
Sometimes an English verb can be used as loan word in the target language. Such loan
words usually follow the syntactic and morphological rules of the target language. For
the sake of exposition, let us assume that the verbs below are not translated in Filipino.
English example Filipino examples
chat mag-chat nakipag-chat nakikipag-chat
crawl mag-crawl nag-crawl nagko-crawl
debug mag-debug nag-debug nagde-debug
To have a common understanding on grammatical terms and features of Filipino used in

the Style Guide as well as to correctly integrate loan words, it’s important to discuss the
basics of Filipino grammar.
Verb system in Filipino
Consider the two important properties of verbs when translating verbal sentences. These
are focus and aspect of the verb.

A subject of a sentence would have to take a role in a sentence. These roles are—
actor, object, beneficiary, instrument, location or cause. Focus is the expression in
the verb of the grammatical role of the subject of the sentence.
Aspect on the other hand refers to the duration of the action. To simplify
grammatical terms, we will use the terms—Action Not Begun, Action Begun Not
Completed, or Action Begun Completed in this Style Guide.
Focus and aspect are inflected through affixation and reduplication of a part of the root
word. To illustrate this better, refer to the table of sample verbal affixes and table of
sample conjugation.
Type of action Affixes
Object/ Benefactive
Actor Locative Instrumental
Goal
(to whom/
(who,what) (where) (using what)
(what) for whom)
-an/-han,
Mag- ,- Ipang-/Ipan-/
Neutral
um-, ma- -in, -an, i- i-, ipag- -in/-hin,
Action Ipam-
,mang-
pag-...-an
Aptative/ Ma…-an, maipang-

Maka-, Mai-,
Abilitative Ma-, Mai- /maipan-/
Mai-...an Mapag… -
Action Makapag-
an maipam-
Action not Action begun not Action begun

Focus Infinitive
begun completed completed
Actor mag-chat magtsa-chat nagtsa-chat mag-chat
Object i-install ii-install ini-install ininstall
Benefactive ipaghahanda ipaghahanda ipinaghahanda ipinaghanda
Locative pagpindutan pagpipindutan pinagpipindutan pinagpindutan
Instrumental ipangkopya ipangkokopya ipinangkokopya ipinangkopya
When using a loan word as a verb, treat the loan word as a root word, or noun and
incorporate the features of the language.
Here are basic sentences to illustrate the markers and affixes above:

Actor: (+) Mag-i-install ang technician ng software sa iyong computer.
Goal: (+) Ii-install ko ang software sa iyong computer.
The marker 'ang' marks the subject of the sentence. Notice the different positions of
'ang' in the illustrated sentences. The noun marked by ‘ang’ is the subject of the
sentence.
To illustrate how loan words are integrated in as a verb and as a noun:
When you submit a new migration request, the CSV file is uploaded to the
Microsoft datacenter over a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) connection.
Kapag nagsumite ka ng bagong kahilingang maglipat, ia-upload ang CSV file sa
datacenter ng Microsoft sa koneksyong Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
For more of these grammar features and explanations, see Modern Tagalog by Teresita
Ramos and Resty Cena, and Basic Tagalog by Paraluman Aspillera.
The -UM and -MAG Verbs
A Filipino verb is always composed of a root and an affix:

1. The root provides the main lexical content of the verb.
The affix shows the relation of the verb to the other elements in the sentence as well as
to the character of the action involved.
Accordingly, Filipino verbs are said to inflect for aspect. The inflected forms speak about
the state or state of action; whether started, still going on or terminated. This is rather
like the tense system of English.
Following are the three aspect forms:
1. The perfective aspect
The infix um occurs after the first consonant of the root word as in bumasa,
kumain, lumakad, tumayo (read, ate, walked, stood), etc. If the root word,
however, begins with a vowel, the affix occurs at the beginning.
Examples:
(+) umawit – sang

(+) uminom – drank
(+) umalis – went away

2. The imperfective aspect
The infix um occurs after the first consonant just like in the perfective aspect.
Here, the first two letters of the root word are duplicated.
Examples:
(+) bumabasa – reading

(+) kumakain – eating
(+) lumalakad – walking
(+) tumatayo – standing
With root words beginning with a vowel, the affix um occurs at the beginning
followed by the reduplicated first vowel, as in umaawit, umiinom, and umaalis
(singing, drinking, going).
3. The contemplative aspect
This is also called the future aspect; the affix is dropped and only the root and the
reduplication remain.
Examples:
(+) babasa – will read

(+) kakain – will eat
(+) lalakad – will walk
(+) tatayo – will stand
(+) await – will sing
(+) iinom – will drink
(+) aalis – will go
In contrast, the pattern formations for mag-verb aspects are as follows:
4. The perfective aspect – nag- is affixed to the root word.
Examples:
(+) naglaro – played

(+) naglinis – cleaned
(+) nagmartsa – marched
(+) nag-usap – talked

5. The imperfective aspect – nag- + reduplicated first syllable + root word
Example:
(+) nag – la – laro = naglalaro (playing)
6. The contemplative aspect – mag- + reduplicated first syllable + root word
Example:
(+) mag – la – laro = maglalaro (will play)
Thus, in giving specific commands, these two verb forms should be used and all verbs
must be in infinitive forms.
Example:
English Translation
The password must be identical to the (+) Dapat na kapareho ng password na

password that is defined in the registration inilarawan sa serbisyo ng pagrerehistro ang
service. password.
4 Localization considerations
Localization means that the translated text needs to be adapted to the local language,
customs and standards.
The language in Microsoft products should have the "look and feel" of a product
originally written in Filipino, using idiomatic syntax and terminology, while at the same
time maintaining a high level of terminological consistency, so as to guarantee the
maximum user experience and usability for our customers.
4.1 Accessibility
Accessibility options and programs are designed to make the computer usable
by people with cognitive, hearing, physical, or visual disabilities.
Hardware and software components engage a flexible, customizable user interface,
alternative input and output methods, and greater exposure of screen elements.
General accessibility information can be found at
http://www.microsoft.com/enable/education/.

4.2 Applications, products, and features
Product and application names are often trademarked or may be trademarked in the
future and are therefore rarely translated. Occasionally, feature names are trademarked,
too (for example, IntelliSense™). Before translating any application, product, or feature
name, verify that it’s in fact translatable and not protected in any way. This information
can be obtained here.
Version numbers
Version numbers always contain a period (for example, Version 4.2). Note punctuation
examples of "Version x.x":
Version 4.2 Bersiyong 4.2
Version numbers are usually also a part of version strings, but technically they are not
the same.
4.3 Trademarks
Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldn’t be localized

unless local laws require translation and an approved translated form of the trademark
is available. A list of Microsoft trademarks is here.
4.4 Geopolitical concerns

Part of the cultural adaptation of the US-product to a specific market is the resolution of
geopolitical issues. While the US-product is designed and developed with neutrality and
a global audience in mind, the localized product should respond to the particular
situation that applies within the target country/region.
Sensitive issues or issues that might potentially be offensive to the users in the target
country/region may occur in any of the following:
• Maps
• Flags
• Country/region, city and language names
• Art and graphics
• Cultural content, such as encyclopedia content and other text where historical or
political references are present

Some issues are easy to verify and resolve. The localizer should have the most current
information available. Maps and other graphical representations of countries/regions
should be checked for accuracy and existing political restrictions. Country/region, city,
and language names change on a regular basis and should be checked, even if
previously approved.
A thorough understanding of the culture of the target market is required for checking
the appropriateness of cultural content, clip art and other visual representations of
religious symbols, and body and hand gestures.
4.5 Software considerations
This section refers to all menus, menu items, commands, buttons, check boxes, and
other UI elements that should be consistently translated in the localized product.
4.5.1 Error messages
Here is an example:
Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program, informing the user of an
error that must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. The messages
can prompt the user to take action or inform the user of an error that requires restarting
the computer.
Considering the underlying principles of Microsoft voice, translators are encouraged to
apply them to ensure target translation is more natural, empathetic and not robot-like.
English term Correct Filipino translation
Oops, that can't be blank... Oops, hindi puwedeng blangko iyan...
Not enough memory to process this Kulang ang memory para iproseso ang command
command. na ito.

Filipino style in error messages
Use consistent terminology and language style in the localized error messages, and not
just translate them as they appear in the US product.
Standard phrases in error messages
These phrases commonly occur in error messages. When you translate them, try to use
the provided target phrases. However, feel free to use other ways to express the source
meaning if they work better in the context.
Examples:
English Translation Halimbawa
Can’t … "Could not connect"

Hindi maka…
Could not … (+) "Hindi makakunekta"
Failed to … "Failed to connect"

Nabigong…
Failure of … (+) "Nabigong kumunekta"
Can’t find …
Hindi makita … "Unable to find the file"
Could not find …
Or (+) "Hindi makita ang file"
Unable to find …
Hindi mahanap… (+) "Hindi mahanap ang file"
Unable to locate …
Not enough memory "Not enough memory to

Insufficient memory save the file"
There is not enough memory Hindi sapat ang memory (+) "Hindi sapat ang
There is not enough memory memory upang i-save ang
available file"
"The file is not available"

... is not available
… ay hindi magagamit (+) “Ang file ay hindi
... is unavailable
magagamit”
Error messages containing placeholders
When localizing error messages containing placeholders, try to anticipate what will
replace the placeholder. This is necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct
when the placeholder is replaced with a word or phrase. Note that the letters used in
placeholders convey a specific meaning.

Examples:
%d, %ld, %u, and %lu means <number>

%c means <letter>
%s means <string>
Examples of error messages containing placeholders:
"Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d!" means "Checking Web <number> of <number>."

"INI file "%1!-.200s!" section" means "INI file "<string>" section."
4.5.2 Keys
In English, references to key names, like arrow keys, function keys and numeric keys,
appear in normal text (not in small caps).
Key names
English key name Filipino key name
Alt Alt
Backspace Backspace
Break Break
Caps Lock Caps Lock
Ctrl Control
Delete Delete
Down Arrow Down Arrow
End End
Enter Enter
Esc Esc
Home Home
Insert Insert

English key name Filipino key name
Left Arrow Left Arrow
Num Lock Num Lock
Page Down Page Down
Page Up Page Up
Pause Pause
Right Arrow Right Arrow
Scroll Lock Scroll Lock
Shift Shift
Spacebar Spacebar
Tab Tab
Up Arrow Up Arrow
Windows key Windows key
Print Screen Print Screen
Menu key Menu key
4.5.3 Keyboard shortcuts
Sometimes, there are underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands

or dialog boxes. These letters refer to keyboard shortcuts (also known as access
keys) that allow you to run commands, perform tasks, etc., more quickly.

The following table lists special options for keyboard shortcuts in US-English interfaces
and describes whether each option is allowed in Filipino:
Keyboard shortcuts special

Usage: is it allowed? Notes
options
"Slim characters," such as I, l, t, Yes The “Slim characters” in

r, f can be used as keyboard Filipino can be used as
shortcut keyboard shortcuts.
Characters with downstrokes, Yes The characters with

such as g, j, y, p and q can be downstrokes in Filipino can
used as keyboard shortcuts be used as keyboard
shortcuts.
Extended characters can be No The 28 letters of the Filipino

used as keyboard shortcuts alphabet are more than
enough to be used as
keyboard shortcuts.
An additional letter, appearing No

between brackets after item
name, can be used as
keyboard shortcuts
A number, appearing between No

brackets after item name, can
be used as keyboard shortcut
A punctuation sign, appearing No

between brackets after item
name, can be used as
keyboard shortcut
Duplicate keyboard shortcuts Yes

are allowed when no other
character is available
No keyboard shortcut is Yes

assigned when no more
characters are available (minor
options only)
Some very common access keys are listed in the following table:

English Function Product
Ctrl+A reset all Windows
Ctrl+B send to back Windows
Ctrl+C reset current Windows
Ctrl+D delete Windows

Works
Ctrl+D duplicate Powerpoint

PictureIt
Ctrl+D dial Windows
Ctrl+D select domain Windows
Ctrl+E open image for editing Windows
Ctrl+E attributes Windows
Ctrl+F filter Windows
Ctrl+F forward Outlook
Ctrl+F view bitmap Windows
Ctrl+F file transfer Windows
Ctrl+F find Windows

SQL
Ctrl+F full screen Windows
Ctrl+G go to Windows
Ctrl+G grid Windows
Ctrl+G paste to page Windows
Ctrl+G date Works
Ctrl+H replace Windows

SQL
Outlook

Ctrl+H space Windows
Ctrl+I invert colors Windows
Ctrl+L rotate left Windows
Ctrl+L color box Windows
Ctrl+L view log Windows
Ctrl+M new slide Powerpoint
Ctrl+N new call Windows
Ctrl+N new message Outlook
Ctrl+N new snapshot Office
Ctrl+N next code Windows
Ctrl+N new Windows

Office
SQL
Ctrl+N new connection Windows
Ctrl+O options Windows
Ctrl+O select code Windows
Ctrl+O open Windows

Office
Works
Visual Studio
Ctrl+P previous Windows

Excel
Ctrl+P print Windows

SQL
Outlook
Visual Studio
Access
Publisher

Ctrl+R rotate right Windows
Ctrl+R flip/rotate Windows
Ctrl+R reply Outlook
Ctrl+S sharing Windows
Ctrl+S update Windows
Ctrl+S save Windows

Office
Visual Studio
Ctrl+S send Windows
Ctrl+S setup Windows
Ctrl+T toolbox Windows
Ctrl+T transfer Windows
Ctrl+V paste/insert Windows

SQL
Works
Outlook
Ctrl+W stretch/skew Windows
Ctrl+W whiteboard Windows
Ctrl+Y redo Windows

Office
Ctrl+Y repeat Windows

Works
Ctrl+Z undo Windows

Office
SQL
Works
Visual Studio

The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts that are permissible in Filipino. Note
that only single stroke characters can be used. If there are no single stroke characters in
your language, or not enough of them, indicate whether US characters can be used
instead.
Keyboard shortcut character Preferred or allowed? Case-sensitive?
Preferred
a False
b False
c False
d False
e False
f False
G True
i False
J True
k False
l False
m False
n False
o False
P True
r False
s False
t False
u False
v False

Keyboard shortcut character Preferred or allowed? Case-sensitive?
w False
x False
Y True
z False
Allowed
g True
j True
p True
y True
q False
Numeric
0 False
1 False
2 False
3 False
4 False
5 False
6 False
7 False
8 False
9 False
Content writers usually just refer to “keyboard shortcuts” in content for a general
audience. In localization, however, we distinguish the following terms:

Term Usage
A subtype of keyboard shortcut. A letter or number that the user types to access
UI controls that have text labels. Access keys are assigned to top-level controls so
that the user can use the keyboard to move through the UI quickly.
Example: F in Alt+F
Example in UI localization: H&ome
access
key
In keyboard shortcuts, most access keys are used with the Alt key.
The letter or number that appears in the ribbon when the Alt key is pressed.
In UI localization, the key tip is the last character present in the strings after the “`”
character.
Example: In UI localization Home`H
key tip
A subtype of keyboard shortcut. A key that the user types to perform a common
action without having to go through the UI. Shortcut keys are not available for
every command.
shortcut Example: Ctrl+N, Ctrl+V
key
In keyboard shortcuts, most shortcut keys are used with the Ctrl key.
Ctrl+letter combinations and function keys (F1 through F12) are usually the best
choices for shortcut keys.

4.5.4 Arrow keys
The arrow keys move input focus among the controls within a group. Pressing the right
arrow key moves input focus to the next control in tab order, whereas pressing the left
arrow moves input focus to the previous control. Home, End, Up, and Down also have
their expected behavior within a group. Users can’t navigate out of a control group
using arrow keys.
4.5.5 Numeric keypad
Avoid distinguishing numeric keypad keys from the other keys, unless it’s required by a
given application. If it’s not obvious which keys need to be pressed, provide necessary
explanations.
4.5.6 Shortcut keys
Shortcut keys are keystrokes or combinations of keystrokes that perform defined

functions in a software application. Shortcut keys replace menu commands and are
sometimes given next to the command they represent. While access keys can be used
only when available on the screen, shortcut keys can be used even when they are not
accessible on the screen.
Standard shortcut keys
US English Filipino
US command Filipino command
shortcut key shortcut key
General Windows shortcut keys
Help window F1 Window ng tulong F1
Context-sensitive Help Shift+F1 Tulong na sensitibo-sa- Shift+F1

konteksto

US English Filipino
Display pop-up menu Shift+F10 Ipakita ang pop-up menu Shift+F10
Cancel Esc Ikansela Esc
Activate\Deactivate menu F10 Isaaktibo\Ideaktibo ang F10

bar mode mode na bar ng menu
Switch to the next primary Alt+Tab Lumipat sa kasunod na Alt+Tab

application pangunahing application
Display next window Alt+Esc Ipakita ang kasunod na Alt+Esc

window
Display pop-up menu for Alt+Spacebar Ipakita ang pop-up menu Alt+Spacebar
the window para sa window
Display pop-up menu for Alt+- Ipakita ang pop-up menu Alt+-
the active child window para sa aktibong child
window
Display property sheet for Alt+Enter Ipakita ang tala ng Alt+Enter

current selection katangian para sa
kasalukuyang pinili
Close active application Alt+F4 Isara ang aktibong window Alt+F4

window ng application
Switch to next window Alt+F6 Lumipat sa kasunod na Alt+F6

within (modeless- window sa loob ng
compliant) application application (modeless-
compliant)
Capture active window Alt+Prnt Scrn Kumuha ng imahe ng Alt+Prnt Scrn

image to the Clipboard aktibong window sa
Clipboard
Capture desktop image to Prnt Scrn Kumuha ng imahe ng Prnt Scrn

the Clipboard desktop sa Clipboard
Access Start button in Ctrl+Esc I-access ang pindutan ng Ctrl+Esc

taskbar Start sa taskbar

US English Filipino
Display next child window Ctrl+F6 Ipakita ang kasunod na Ctrl+F6

child window
Display next tabbed pane Ctrl+Tab Ipakita ang kasunod na Ctrl+Tab

naka-tab na pane
Launch Task Manager and Ctrl+Shift+Esc Ilunsad ang Task Manager Ctrl+Shift+Esc
system initialization at tagapagpasimula ng
system
File menu
File New Ctrl+N File Bago Ctrl+N
File Open Ctrl+O File Buksan Ctrl+O
File Close Ctrl+F4 File Isara Ctrl+F4
File Save Ctrl+S File I-save Ctrl+S
File Save as F12 File I-save bilang F12
File Print Preview Ctrl+F2 File I-print Preview Ctrl+F2
File Print Ctrl+P File I-print Ctrl+P
File Exit Alt+F4 File Lumabas Alt+F4
Edit menu
Edit Undo Ctrl+Z I-edit I-undo Ctrl+Z
Edit Repeat Ctrl+Y I-edit Ulitin Ctrl+Y
Edit Cut Ctrl+X I-edit Alisin Ctrl+X
Edit Copy Ctrl+C I-edit Kopyahin Ctrl+C
Edit Paste Ctrl+V I-edit Idikit Ctrl+V
Edit Delete Ctrl+Backspace I-edit Tanggalin Ctrl+Backspace
Edit Select All Ctrl+A I-edit Piliing Lahat Ctrl+A

US English Filipino
Edit Find Ctrl+F I-edit Maghanap Ctrl+F
Edit Replace Ctrl+H I-edit Palitan Ctrl+H
Edit Go To Ctrl+G I-edit Pumunta Sa Ctrl+G
Help menu
Help F1 Tulong F1
Font format
Italic Ctrl+I Pahilis Ctrl+I
Bold Ctrl+B Makapal Ctrl+B
Underlined\Word underline Ctrl+U May-salungguhit Ctrl+U
Large caps Ctrl+Shift+A Malalaking malaking titik Ctrl+Shift+A
Small caps Ctrl+Shift+K Maliliit na malaking titik Ctrl+Shift+K
Paragraph format
Centered Ctrl+E Nakagitna Ctrl+E
Left aligned Ctrl+L Pantay sa kaliwa Ctrl+L
Right aligned Ctrl+R Pantay sa kanan Ctrl+R
Justified Ctrl+J Pantay magkabila Ctrl+J
4.5.7 English pronunciation
General rules
English terms and product names left unlocalized in target material should be pronounced
the English way. For instance, “Microsoft” must be pronounced the English way.

Example Phonetics
SecurID [sı’kjuər aı di:]
.NET [dot net]
Skype [skaip]
Acronyms and abbreviations
Acronyms are pronounced like real words, adapted to the local pronunciation:
Example Phonetics
RADIUS [rey-dee-uh s]
RAS [ras]
ISA [eye-sa]
LAN [lan]
WAN [wan]
WAP [wap]
MAPI [ma-pee]
POP [pop]
URL [yew-are-el]
Other abbreviations are pronounced letter by letter.
Example Phonetics
ICMP [eye-see-em-pee]
IP [eye-pee]
TCP/IP [tee-see-pee-eye-pee]
XML [eks-em-el]

HTML [ach-tee-em-el]
OWA [oh-wah]
SQL [ess-cue-el]
URLS
"http://" should be omitted; the rest of the URL should be read entirely.
"www" should be pronounced as double-u double-u double-u.
The "dot" should be omitted, but can also be read out. If you read it out, then it must be
pronounced as “dot” or the same way as it’s pronounced in English. This is always the
case when Filipinos pronounce URLs.
Example Phonetics
http://www.microsoft.com/ [double-u double-u double-u-dot-mai-kro-soft-dot-kom]
Punctuation marks
Most punctuation marks are naturally implied by the sound of voice, for example, ? ! : ; ,
En dash (–) are used to emphasize an isolated element. It should be pronounced

as a comma, i.e. as a short pause.
Special characters
Pronounce special characters such as / \ ˘ < > + - using the Filipino approved
translations.

The information contained in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues
discussed as of the date of publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should
not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of
any information presented after the date of publication.
This white paper is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this
document.
Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under
copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any
purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation.
Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights
covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from
Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights,
or other intellectual property.
© 2017 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, email addresses, logos, people, places, and events
depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, email
address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
Microsoft, list Microsoft trademarks used in your white paper alphabetically are either registered trademarks or
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.

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What are the main topics covered in the style guide?

What are the main topics covered in the style guide?

What are some of the guidelines for grammar, syntax and orthographic standards?

What are some of the guidelines for grammar, syntax and orthographic standards?

Filipino Style Guide

Published: December, 2017

Microsoft Filipino Style Guide

Microsoft Filipino Style Guide Page 2 of 63

Microsoft Filipino Style Guide Page 3 of 63

1.1 Recommended style references

Microsoft Filipino Style Guide Page 4 of 63

Microsoft User interface reference

A helpful reference is the Windows User Experience Interaction Guidelines.

Three principles form the foundation of our voice:

Keep the following guidelines in mind:

• Write short, easy-to-read sentences.

Microsoft Filipino Style Guide Page 5 of 63

2.1 Choices that reflect Microsoft voice

2.1.1 Word choice

Short word forms and everyday words

Microsoft Filipino Style Guide Page 6 of 63

App Use app instead of application or program.

en-US source term Filipino word Filipino word usage

app aplikasyon application

hard disk hard disk

info impormasyon impormasyon

data Datos data

memory Memorya memory

hard drive hard drive

Microsoft Filipino Style Guide Page 7 of 63

keyboard teklado keyboard

computer kompyuter computer

Ka, iyo (don’t use formal "kayo" or

2.1.2 Words and phrases to avoid

en-US word/phrase to avoid Preferred en-US word/phrase

As well as Also, too

Have an opportunity Can

Give/provide guidance, give/provide information Help

In conjunction with With

Microsoft Filipino Style Guide Page 8 of 63

Suitable Works well

en-US source Filipino word to avoid Filipino word/phrase

experiencing problems nakararanas ng mga problema nagkakaproblema

Nguni’t, Subali’t, Datapuwa’t, Pero

to issue upang magpalabas upang mag-isyu

to give/provide guidance Magbigay/magkaloob ng gabay upang gumabay

Make a recommendation Gumawa ng rekomendasyon Irekomenda/Magrekomenda

You’ren't allowed to send Hindi ka pinahihintulutang Hindi ka puwedeng

Microsoft Filipino Style Guide Page 9 of 63

2.2 Sample Microsoft voice text

2.2.1 Address the user to take action

US English Filipino target Explanation

The user has entered an

The user has entered incorrect

Casual and short message to

Use of the second person

Give your PC a name—

Microsoft Filipino Style Guide Page 10 of 63

US English Filipino target Explanation