Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 203 views

    Agricultural Transformation and Rural Development

    Uploaded by

    Mija Diro
    The document discusses trends in rural poverty and agriculture. It notes that 2/3 of the world's poorest live in rural areas engaged in subsistence farming. Agriculture has traditionally played a passive role but must now support rural development. There are two types of world agriculture - highly efficient in developed countries and inefficient, low-productivity subsistence farming in developing countries. The document outlines stages of agricultural development from subsistence to mixed farming to specialized commercial farming and discusses factors that have hindered transitions like land fragmentation, population growth, and monopolistic landowners. It analyzes the complex relationship between agriculture and rural livelihood diversification.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Agricultural Transformation and Rural Development

    Uploaded by

    Mija Diro
    203 views3 pages
    The document discusses trends in rural poverty and agriculture. It notes that 2/3 of the world's poorest live in rural areas engaged in subsistence farming. Agriculture has traditionally played a passive role but must now support rural development. There are two types of world agriculture - highly efficient in developed countries and inefficient, low-productivity subsistence farming in developing countries. The document outlines stages of agricultural development from subsistence to mixed farming to specialized commercial farming and discusses factors that have hindered transitions like land fragmentation, population growth, and monopolistic landowners. It analyzes the complex relationship between agriculture and rural livelihood diversification.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses trends in rural poverty and agriculture. It notes that 2/3 of the world's poorest live in rural areas engaged in subsistence farming. Agriculture has traditionally played a passive role but must now support rural development. There are two types of world agriculture - highly efficient in developed countries and inefficient, low-productivity subsistence farming in developing countries. The document outlines stages of agricultural development from subsistence to mixed farming to specialized commercial farming and discusses factors that have hindered transitions like land fragmentation, population growth, and monopolistic landowners. It analyzes the complex relationship between agriculture and rural livelihood diversification.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    203 views3 pages

    Agricultural Transformation and Rural Development

    Uploaded by

    Mija Diro
    The document discusses trends in rural poverty and agriculture. It notes that 2/3 of the world's poorest live in rural areas engaged in subsistence farming. Agriculture has traditionally played a passive role but must now support rural development. There are two types of world agriculture - highly efficient in developed countries and inefficient, low-productivity subsistence farming in developing countries. The document outlines stages of agricultural development from subsistence to mixed farming to specialized commercial farming and discusses factors that have hindered transitions like land fragmentation, population growth, and monopolistic landowners. It analyzes the complex relationship between agriculture and rural livelihood diversification.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    MARCH 26, 2020 - high risks and uncertain rewards

    Trends - fragmentation and subdivision of


    - 2/3 of the world’s poorest are peasant land in Asia
    located in rural areas and engaged - overpopulation
    primarily in subsistence agriculture - 3 major interrelated forces
    (basic concern is survival) that molded traditional
    - stagnation and retrogression in pattern of land ownership
    economic development in rural into its present fragmented
    areas – often the cause of poverty, condition i
    growing inequality, rapid population - intervention of
    growth & unemployment European rule –
    Role of agriculture colonizers
    Traditionally – passive and supportive: to (sharecroppers and
    provide sufficient low-priced food and tenant farmers )
    manpower to expanding industrial economy - progressive
    Recently – agricultural sector and rural introduction of
    economy play in an important part in any monetized
    overall strategy of economic progress; transactions and rise
    integrated rural development in power of
    - Accelerated output growth – money-lender
    technological, institutional and price - rapid growth of Asian
    incentive changes populations
    - Rising domestic demand for Economics of Agricultural Development
    agricultural output 1. Subsistence farming
    - Diversified, non-agricultural, - Farming for family consumption
    labor-intensive rural development (staple foods)
    activities - Low output and productivity
    2 Kinds of World Agriculture - Minimal capital investment
    - highly efficient agriculture - Land and labor – main factors of
    (developed countries) – high production
    productivity and output - Labor is unemployed for most of the
    - inefficient and low-productivity year
    agriculture (developing countries) – - Harsh and static environment
    mainly subsistence farming - Highly risky and uncertain
    particularly family farm ● Sharecropping and interlocking
    Stagnation of LDC agriculture factor markets
    Productivity - Occurs when peasant farmer uses
    Land productivity – measured as kilograms landowner’s farmland in exchange
    of grain harvested per hectare of agricultural for share of food output
    land - Leads to inefficiency
    Output growth – technological and biological - Screening hypothesis – charge high
    improvements effective rents for pure rental
    Peasant agriculture
    contracts than sharecropping ● Direct and indirect supports to small
    contracts farms in agriculture
    - Interlocking factor markets – ● Perception: sector still discriminated
    landowner is also employer, loan in public policy?
    officer, customer which gives him ● Responses to this discrimination
    monopoly power through several decades of RD
    2. Transition to mixed and diversified thinking
    farming Diversification strategy within
    - Output – staple crops, cash livelihoods approach – movement away
    crops (fruits vegetables, from ‘agriculture first’ strategy that focused
    coffee, tea) and simple on a small farm as main platform for poverty
    animal husbandry reduction
    - Use of simple labor-saving Agriculture performance vis-à-vis
    devices (small tractors, diverse rural livelihoods
    mechanical seeders, Three dimensions of this complex
    animal-operated steel plows) relationship:
    - Use of better technology Dimension 1: ‘Rural growth linkages’ model
    (seeds, fertilizers and simple - Refers to the different linkages from
    irrigation) agriculture that result in the
    - Marketable surplus formation and growth of rural
    - Minimize impact of staple non-farm enterprises (RNFE) in rural
    crop failure and improve areas.
    income security - RNFE - important sub-sector and for
    3. Specialized: Modern commercial many years in poverty reduction
    farming policy
    - Most advanced stage of - Key assumption in argument for
    individual holding in a mixed RNFE?
    market economy - Focus of policy: diversify sector
    - Specialized farming – pure away from agriculture
    commercial profit; high Dimension 1 approaches:
    productivity - Consumer goods and services -
    - Resource utilization expenditure linkages
    - Capital formation, - Inputs and services to agricultural
    technological progress, production - backward linkages
    scientific research and - Processing and marketing services
    development related to farm outputs - forward
    - Cultivated fruit, vegetable linkages
    farms, vast wheat and - Studies on growth multipliers reveal:
    cornfields consumption linkages dominate
    ● ‘Agriculture first’ strategy as the forward and backward linkages in
    most dominant approach to explaining total effects
    Research and Development Dimension 2: effects on agriculture of
    household-level diversification
    - Positive effects on agriculture as
    sub-sector benefits from input and
    output linkages in rural economy
    Dimension 3: Role of on-farm
    diversification in contrast to off-farm

    You might also like