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    Name: Roll No: bsf2000543 Programe: BS (HONS) Zoology (Morning) Semester: 1 ST Submitted To: Ms. Mahreen Fatima Topic: Applications of Sodium

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    Hassan Raza
    Sadia Iram submitted a report on the topic of applications of sodium. Sodium was first isolated in 1807 by Humphry Davy through electrolysis. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that is highly reactive. It is the sixth most abundant element and is found in nature primarily in halite. Metallic sodium is produced through electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. Sodium has many applications including use in heat exchangers, catalysts, sodium vapor lamps, soaps and detergents, food preservatives, and producing other metals like titanium. It also has biological importance in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.

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    Name: Roll No: bsf2000543 Programe: BS (HONS) Zoology (Morning) Semester: 1 ST Submitted To: Ms. Mahreen Fatima Topic: Applications of Sodium

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Raza
    21 views6 pages
    Sadia Iram submitted a report on the topic of applications of sodium. Sodium was first isolated in 1807 by Humphry Davy through electrolysis. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that is highly reactive. It is the sixth most abundant element and is found in nature primarily in halite. Metallic sodium is produced through electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. Sodium has many applications including use in heat exchangers, catalysts, sodium vapor lamps, soaps and detergents, food preservatives, and producing other metals like titanium. It also has biological importance in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.

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    Sodium

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    Sadia Iram submitted a report on the topic of applications of sodium. Sodium was first isolated in 1807 by Humphry Davy through electrolysis. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that is highly reactive. It is the sixth most abundant element and is found in nature primarily in halite. Metallic sodium is produced through electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. Sodium has many applications including use in heat exchangers, catalysts, sodium vapor lamps, soaps and detergents, food preservatives, and producing other metals like titanium. It also has biological importance in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views6 pages

    Name: Roll No: bsf2000543 Programe: BS (HONS) Zoology (Morning) Semester: 1 ST Submitted To: Ms. Mahreen Fatima Topic: Applications of Sodium

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Raza
    Sadia Iram submitted a report on the topic of applications of sodium. Sodium was first isolated in 1807 by Humphry Davy through electrolysis. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that is highly reactive. It is the sixth most abundant element and is found in nature primarily in halite. Metallic sodium is produced through electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. Sodium has many applications including use in heat exchangers, catalysts, sodium vapor lamps, soaps and detergents, food preservatives, and producing other metals like titanium. It also has biological importance in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.

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    Name : Sadia Iram

    Roll no : bsf2000543
    Programe : BS(HONS) Zoology (morning)
    Semester : 1 st
    Submitted to: Ms. Mahreen Fatima
    Topic : Applications of Sodium

    Division of science & technology

    University of education Lahore

    1
    Sodium
    Discovery:
    Sodium was first isolated by Hymphry Davy in 1807 during the electrolysisof
    dried sodium hydroxide.

    Elemental properties:
     Classification: Alkali metal
     State: Solid
     Atomic : 11
     Atomic weight: 22.9898
     Melting point: 97.81.C (208.F)
     Boiling point: 882.9.C (1,621.F)
     Group: 1
     Period: 3
     Specific gravity:0.971 (20.C)
     Oxidation state : +1, rarely(-1)
     Electronic configuration:1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
     Ionic radius:0.095(+1)
     Standard potential: -2.71V
     Isotopes: Sodium has 6 radioactive isotopes but sodium -23 is the only
    naturally occurring isotope of sodium.

    Appearance:
    It is very soft metal. It can be cut with knife at room temperature
    but brittle at low temperature. It is silvery white metal in colour
    and highly reactive metal.

    2
    Occurance:
    Sodium occurs abundantly in nature but it never occurs as a free element
    in nature. It always occurs as a part of a compound. It is the most common
    alkali metal. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element on earth. The most
    common source of sodium on the earth crust is Halite(Halite is nearly pure
    sodium chloride NACl).Sodium also constitutes 80% of the dissolved
    constitutes of seawater. Sodium comprises 2.8% of earth crust.

    Production of sodium:
    Metallic sodium is usually produced by the electrolysis of sodium
    chloride in the molten state in a cell containing a steel gauze
    diaphragm between anode and cathode, the diaphragm serving to
    reduce recombination of the anmode and cathode products as they
    rise through the electrolyte.

    3
    Key Properties:
     Sodium can quickly react with water, snow and ice to produce
    sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.
     Sodium hardly reacts with sodium, carbon, but it does react
    with halogens.
     Sodium does not react with nitrogen, not even at high
    temperature.
     The density of sodium is slightly less then water.
     It reacts with oxygen at room temperature.
     It reacts with acid to produce hydrogen gas.
     It is a good conductor of electricity.
     It ios highly reactive, reacting explosively with water.

    Applications:
     Sodium is used as heat exchanger in some nuclear power plants
    because it has high thermal conductivity.
     Sodium act as a catalyst in chemical industries. Such as sodium is used
    as a catalyst to make artificial rubber.
     Sodium is frequently used in making sodium vapour lamps. Sodium is
    first converted into vapours and filled into glass bulb then electric
    current is passed through gas filled bulb. This electric current causes
    sodium vapours to give off yellowish glow.
     Sodium as sodium hydroxide is used in many household things such as
    soaps , detergents , backing soda , caustic soda, drugs and aspirin and
    countless other consumerproducts are sodium products.
     As sodium chloride it is added in food and used to de-icing roads in
    winter and as preservative.
     Metallic sodium is vital in the preparation of organic compounds and act
    as reducing agent in organic chemistry.

    4
     An important use of sodium metal is that it is used in producing other
    metals. For example, sodium can be combined with titanium
    tetrachloride(TiCl4) to make titanium metal.

     Sodium is also used as alloying metal, an antiscaling agent and as


    reducing agent for metals, when other metals are ineffective.
     Metallic sodium is also used mainly for the production of
    sodium borohydride, sodium azide, indigo, and
    triphenylephosphine.
     Millions of tons of sodium chloride, hydroxide, and carbonate
    are produced annually through sodium.
     Along with potassium, many important medicines have sodium
    added to Improve their bioavailability, though potassium is the
    better ion in most casas, sodium is chosen for its lower price
    and atomic weight.
     Sodium hydride is used as a base for various reactions(such as
    aldol reaction)in organic chemistry.
     By itself or with potassium ,sodium is a desiccant; it gives an
    intense blue coloration with benzophenone when the desiccate
    is dry.
     Lasers emitting light at the sodium D line are used to create
    artificial laser guide stars that assist in the adaptive optics for
    the land based visible-light telescope[67].
     Sodium is employed in the production of dyes and dye
    intermediates, in the wide variety of organic reductions.
     It is used in the purification of hydrocarbons and in the
    polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
     Sodium is also used in the form of dispersions in hydrocarbon
    liquid media.

    5
     Two of the earlier uses of sodium were in the manufacture of
    sodium cyanide and sodium peroxide.
     Significant quantities were used in the manufacture of
    tetraethyl lead as a gasoline additive, a market that
    disappearedwith the advent of unleaded gasoline.

    Biological importance:
     In humans sodium plays a key rule in the regulation of blood volume,
    blood pressure, osmotic balance and maintain a constant PH.
     Renin-angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure and fluid
    balance influences the amount of sodium in the body.
     Due to high environmental temperature extreme sweating may causes
    loss of sodium ion. This regard is mascular cramps of the abdomen,
    headches.
     High intake of sodium chloride(NACl) causes high blood pressure.

    References:
     https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6054
     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium
     https://www.britannica.com/science/sodium

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