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December 2016: First Edition
Revision History for the First Edition
2016-11-17: First Release
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Shell or Notebook? 2 Launching the IPython Shell 2 Launching the Jupyter Notebook 2 Help and Documentation in IPython 3 Accessing Documentation with ? 3 Accessing Source Code with ?? 5 Exploring Modules with Tab Completion 6 Keyboard Shortcuts in the IPython Shell 8 Navigation Shortcuts 8 Text Entry Shortcuts 9 Command History Shortcuts 9 Miscellaneous Shortcuts 10 IPython Magic Commands 10 Pasting Code Blocks: %paste and %cpaste 11 Running External Code: %run 12 Timing Code Execution: %timeit 12 Help on Magic Functions: ?, %magic, and %lsmagic 13 Input and Output History 13 IPython’s In and Out Objects 13 Underscore Shortcuts and Previous Outputs 15 Suppressing Output 15 Related Magic Commands 16 IPython and Shell Commands 16 Quick Introduction to the Shell 16 Shell Commands in IPython 18
iii Passing Values to and from the Shell 18 Shell-Related Magic Commands 19 Errors and Debugging 20 Controlling Exceptions: %xmode 20 Debugging: When Reading Tracebacks Is Not Enough 22 Profiling and Timing Code 25 Timing Code Snippets: %timeit and %time 25 Profiling Full Scripts: %prun 27 Line-by-Line Profiling with %lprun 28 Profiling Memory Use: %memit and %mprun 29 More IPython Resources 30 Web Resources 30 Books 31
2. Introduction to NumPy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Understanding Data Types in Python 34 A Python Integer Is More Than Just an Integer 35 A Python List Is More Than Just a List 37 Fixed-Type Arrays in Python 38 Creating Arrays from Python Lists 39 Creating Arrays from Scratch 39 NumPy Standard Data Types 41 The Basics of NumPy Arrays 42 NumPy Array Attributes 42 Array Indexing: Accessing Single Elements 43 Array Slicing: Accessing Subarrays 44 Reshaping of Arrays 47 Array Concatenation and Splitting 48 Computation on NumPy Arrays: Universal Functions 50 The Slowness of Loops 50 Introducing UFuncs 51 Exploring NumPy’s UFuncs 52 Advanced Ufunc Features 56 Ufuncs: Learning More 58 Aggregations: Min, Max, and Everything in Between 58 Summing the Values in an Array 59 Minimum and Maximum 59 Example: What Is the Average Height of US Presidents? 61 Computation on Arrays: Broadcasting 63 Introducing Broadcasting 63 Rules of Broadcasting 65 Broadcasting in Practice 68
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