Chapter 21  Electrochemistry

(See page 3 for formulas and an answer key) PRACTICE TEST

1. Which of the following is the correct cell 3. Given the two half reactions and their potentials,
notation for the reaction which net reaction is spontaneous?
Hg22+ + Cd(s)  Cd2+ + 2Hg(l) Ni2+(aq) + 2e-  Ni(s) E° = -0.25 V
a) Cd2+ | Cd | | Hg22+ | Hg Mg (aq) + 2e  Mg(s)
2+ -
E° = -2.37 V
b) Cd2+ | Hg22+ | | Cd | Hg a) Ni(s) + Mg (aq)  Mg(s) + Ni2+(aq)
2+

c) Cd | Cd2+ | | Hg22+ | Hg b) Ni2+(aq) + Mg(s)  Mg2+(aq) + Ni(s)

d) Cd2+ | Hg | | Hg22+ | Cd c) Ni(s) + Mg(s)  Mg2+(aq) + Ni2+(aq)
e) Hg | Cd | | Hg22+ | Cd2+ d) Mg2+(aq) + Ni2+(aq)  Mg(s) + Ni(s)
e) Mg2+(aq) + Mg(s)  Ni(s) + Ni2+(aq)
2. Consider an electrochemical cell where the
following reaction takes place: 4. Calculate E° for the following reaction:
3Sn2+(aq) + 2Al(s)  3Sn(s) + 2Al3+(aq) Sn4+(aq) + 2K(s)  Sn2+(aq) + 2K+(aq)
Which of the following is the correct cell a) +6.00 V d) +2.78 V
notation for this cell? b) -3.08 V e) -2.78 V
a) Al | Al3+ | | Sn2+ | Sn c) +3.08 V
b) Al3+ | Al | | Sn | Sn2+
c) Sn | Sn2+ | | Al3+ | Al 5. Calculate E° for the following reaction:
d) Sn | Al3+ | | Al | Sn2+ 2Al3+(aq) + 3Cd(s)  2Al(s) + 3Cd2+(aq)
e) Al | Sn2+ | | Sn | Al3+ a) -2.06 V d) -4.52 V
b) +4.52 V e) -1.26 V
Standard Reduction Potentials at 25C E (volts) c) +2.06 V
F2(g) + 2e-  2F-(aq) +2.87
Au + 3e  Au(s)
3+ -
+1.50 6. Using data from the reduction potential table and
Cl2(g) + 2e  2Cl (aq)
- -
+1.36 the reaction
O2(g) + 4H3O (aq) + 4e  6H2O(l)
+ -
+1.23 2Ag(s) + Pt2+(aq)  Pt(s) + 2Ag+(aq) E° = 0.38 V
calculate the standard reduction potential of the
Br2(l) + 2e  2Br (aq)
- -
+1.08
half-reaction
Ag (aq) + e  Ag(s)
+ -
+0.80
Pt2+(aq) + 2e-  Pt(s)
Hg2 (aq) + 2e  2Hg(l)
2+ -
+0.79
a) -1.18 V d) 1.18 V
I2(s) + 2e  2I (aq)
- -
+0.535
b) -0.40 V e) 2.00 V
Cu (aq) + 2e  Cu(s)
2+ -
+0.337 c) 0.40 V
Sn (aq) + 2e  Sn (aq)
4+ - 2+
+0.15
Sn (aq) + 2e  Sn(s)
2+ -
-0.14 7. Using data from the reduction potential table,
Cd (aq) + 2e  Cd(s)
2+ -
-0.40 predict which of the following is the best
Zn (aq) + 2e  Zn(s)
2+ -
-0.763 oxidizing agent.
2H2O(l) + 2e  H2(g) + 2OH (aq)
- -
-0.828 a) F2 d) Ag+
Al (aq) + 3e  Al(s)
3+ -
-1.66 b) Ag e) Al3+
4+
K (aq) + e  K(s)
+ -
-2.93 c) Sn
Li (aq) + e  Li(s)
+ -
-3.045
8. An electrochemical cell of notation Pd | Pd2+ | | Skip #’14 and 15!
Cu2+ | Cu has an E° = -0.65 V. If we know that 14. How is aluminum currently produced in
the standard reduction potential of Cu2+/Cu is E° industry?
= 0.34 V, what is the standard reduction a) by reduction of Al3+ in Al2O3 with Na(s)
potential for Pd2+/Pd? b) electrochemical reduction of pure Al2O3 to
a) -0.99 V d) 0.62 V give Al and O2
b) -0.31 V e) +0.99 V c) electrolysis of AlF3 to give Al and F2
c) +0.31 V d) electrolysis of a mixture of Al2O3 and
Na3AlF6 to give Al and O2
9. The standard cell potential for e) by reduction of Al3+ in Al2O3 with CO(g)
3Sn4+(aq) + 2Al(s)  3Sn2+(aq) + 2Al3+(aq)
is E° = 1.81 V. What is Ecell when 15. How was aluminum originally made?
[Sn4+] = 1.0, a) the Hall-Heroult process
[Sn2+] = 1.0 x 10-2, and b) Al2O3 mixed with cryolite is electrolyzed
[Al3+] = 1.5 x 10-3 at 298 K. c) electrolysis of molten Al2O3
a) 1.70 V d) 1.86 V d) mining and purifying directly
b) 1.76 V e) 1.93 V e) reducing AlCl3 with sodium
c) 1.81 V
16. Under acidic conditions the bromate ion is
10. Predict the product at the anode when electric reduced to the bromide ion. Write the balanced
current is passed through a solution of KI. half-reaction for this process.
a) I2(l) d) K(s) a) BrO3- + 6H+ + 6e  Br- + 3H2O
+
b) K (aq) e) O2(g) b) 2BrO3- + 6H+  Br2- +6H2O + 3e
c) H2(g) c) Bro3- + 6H2O + 10e  Br2- + 12H+ + 3 O2
d) 2BrO3- + 6H2O  2Br- + 12H+ + 6 O2 + 8e
11. If electric current is passed through aqueous e) 2BrO3- + 6H+  Br2- + 3H2O + 3e
LiBr, the product at the cathode would be
__________ and the product at the anode would 17. Balance the following redox equation which
be __________. occurs in acidic solution.
a) H2O(l), Li+(aq) d) Br2(l), H2(g) N2H4(g) + BrO3-(aq)  Br-(aq) + N2(g)
b) Br2(l), Li(s) e) H2(g), Br2(l) a) 3N2H4 + BrO3-  3N2 + Br- + 3H2O + 6H+
c) Li(s), Br2(l) b) N2H4 + BrO3- + 2H+  2Br- + N2 +3H2O
c) 3N2H4 + 2BrO3- + 12H+ 
12. How long would it take to deposit 1.36 g of 3N2 + 2Br- + 6H2O + 12H+
copper from an aqueous solution of copper(II) d) N2H4 + 2BrO3- + 8H+  2Br- + N2 + 6H2O
sulfate by passing a current of two amperes e) 3N2H4 + 2BrO3-  3N2 + 2Br- + 6H2O
through the solution?
a) 2070 sec d) 736 sec 18. Which of the following reactions is NOT a redox
-5
b) 1.11 x 10 sec e) 1030 sec reaction?
c) 2570 sec a) 2HgO(s)  2 Hg(l) + O2(g)
b) H2(g) + Br2(g)  2HBr(g)
13. If a current of 6.0 amps is passed through a c) 2HCl(aq) + Zn(s)  H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)
solution of Ag+ for 1.5 hours, how many grams d) H2CO3(aq)  H2O(l) + CO2(g)
of silver are produced? e) 2KClO3  2KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)
a) 0.60 g d) 3.0 g
b) 36 g e) 1.0 g
c) 0.34 g
From the Exam 3 formula sheet:
THERMODYNAMICS

S0 =S0 products - S0 reactants

H0 = H0f products - H0 f reactants

G0 = G0f products - G0 f reactants

G0 = H0 - TS0

= - RT ln K = -2.303 RT log K
= - n  E0
G = G0 + RT ln Q
G = G0 + 2.303 RT log Q
CONSTANTS
Avogadro’s number = 6.02214 x 10 23particles/mole
Electron charge, e = -1.602 x 10-19 coulomb
faraday,  = 96,485 Coulombs / mole e-1
Gas Constant, R = 8.31447 J/(mol. K)
= 0.0820578 (L.atm)/(mol.K)
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
RT
Ecell  E cell
o
 ln Q
nF
0.0592V
Ecell  E cell
o
 log Q
n
RT
o
E cell  ln K
nF
nE 0
o
E cell  0.0592V log K or log K =
n 0.0592

Answers:
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. E 6. D
7. A 8. E 9. E 10. A 11. E 12. A
13. B 14. D 15. E 16. A 17. E 18. D