Kd;Diu

cyfpy; Njhd;wpa Fbfspy; njhd;ikahd Fbahfj; jkpo;f;

Fb tpsq;FfpwJ. jkpoHfs; jkpofk; kl;Lkpd;wp cyfpd; gy;NtW
gFjpfspy; gutp tho;e;J tUfpd;wdH. jkpou;fs; kNyrpah> rpq;fg;G+H
Nghd;w ehLfspy; Ml;rpahsuhf tpsq;Fk; mNj jUzj;jpy; cyfpd;
rpy gFjpfspy; mbikfshfTk; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wdH. jkpofj;jpd;
kpf neUq;fpa gFjpahf tpsq;Fk; ,yq;if gFjpapy; tho;fpd;w
jkpo; kf;fspd; tho;tpy; ,d;wsTk; gy;NtWgl;l Jd;gq;fs;
miltijf; fhzKbfpwJ.

<oj;jpy; tho;e;j jkpo; kf;fspy; rpyH NghH kw;Wk; ,dg;

gpur;ridfs; cUthfp ,dg;gLnfhiyfs; eil ngw;w NghJ
jhq;fs; tho;e;j <oj; Njrj;ij tpl;Lj; jq;fspd; jha; kd;dhd
jkpofj;jpYk; gpw Njrq;fspYk; te;J jd;idg; ghJfhj;Jf;
nfhs;sTk; jd; tho;thjhuj;ijg; cUthf;fpf; nfhs;sTk; jQ;rk;
GFe;jdH. mt;thW jQ;rk; GFe;j jkpou;fs; ,d;W <o mfjpfs;
vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wdH.

,tHfs; jkpofj;jpy; cs;s Kg;gj;jpapuz;L khtl;lq;fspy;

gue;Jgl;l epyg;gug;gpy; r%fg;> nghUshjhu epiyia caHj;jpf;
nfhs;s gy;NtW gzpfisr; nra;J tho;e;J tUfpd;wdH.
mk;kf;fspd; ghJfhg;Gf; fUjp muR gy;NtW #oypy; ,yq;if tho;
kf;fis mfjpfs; Kfhk; vd;w ngaupy; muRf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd
,lq;fisj; NjHT nra;J mtHfisj; jq;f itj;Jg; ghJfhj;J
tUfpwJ.

,t;thwhfj; jkpofk; te;J NrHe;j <o mfjpfspy; xU rpyH

jk;kk;gl;b mfjpfs; Kfhkpy; jq;fitj;Js;sdH. mtHfs; md;whl
tho;tpw;fhfTk; mbg;gilj; NjitfSf;fhfTk; gy;NtW ,d;dy;fis
,d;wsTk; mDgtpj;J tUfpd;wdH. mj;jifa kf;fspd; tho;tpay;
1
gpur;rpidfisAk; mtHfspd; gz;ghLfs;> gof;ftof;fq;fs;> nkhop
Mfpatw;iw MuhAk; Kfkhf ,t;tha;T epfo;j;jg;gl cs;sJ.

Ma;T Mjhuq;fs;:

Kjy;epiy Mjhuq;fs;:

Kjy;epiy Mjhuq;fshff; fs Ma;tpd; NghJ

jftyhsHfsplk; ngwg;gl;l juTfs; Kjd;ik Mjhukhf
vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

Jizepiy Mjhuk;:

<og; gpur;rpidfs; rhHe;j E}y;fSk; <okf;fspd; tho;tpay;

Fwpj;j mwpQHfspd; fUj;JfSk;> E}y;fSk; ,t;tha;tpd;
Jizepiy Mjhukhf mikfpwJ.

Ma;T mZFKiw

,t;tha;T fs Ma;T Kiwia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

NeHf;fhzypy; tpdh> tpil> njupT Nghd;wtw;iw mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L ,t;tha;T epfo;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Ma;tpd; Nehf;fk;

<o mfjpfshfj; jk;kk;gl;b Kfhkpy; thOk; <o kf;fspd;

tho;f;if Kiwfs;> nja;t ek;gpf;iffs;> mtHfspd; njhopy;fs;>
fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; gz;ghL Mfpatw;iw Muha;tNj ,t;tha;tpd;
Nehf;fkhf mike;Js;sJ.

Ma;T vy;iy

jk;kk;gl;b mfjpfs; Kfhkpy; thOk; <o mfjpfspd; tho;tpay;

nra;jpfs; ,t;tha;Ntl;bd; vy;iyahf mikfpwJ.

2
Ma;Tj; jiyg;G

“jk;kk;gl;b Kfhk; mikg;Gk; tho;tpay; rpf;fy;fs;" vd;gJ

Ma;tpd; jiyg;ghFk;.

Ma;NtL mikg;G

,t;tha;thdJ Kd;Diu> KbTiu ePq;fshf %d;W

,ay;fshfg; gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

Kd;Diu

,ay; -1

“<og;NghHr; #oYk; mfjpfs; cUthf;fKk;;" vd;Dk;

,t;tpaypy; <og;NghH Fwpj;jhd fhuzq;fs;> mg;Nghhpdhy;
ghjpg;gile;j kf;fs; mfjpfshf cUthd #oy;fs;; Fwpj;jr;
nra;jpfs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

,ay; - 2

“<og;NghUk; jkpo;r; #oYk;" vd;Dk; ,t;tpaypy; <og;Nghhpd;

NghJ jkpofj;jpy; epytpa #oYk; mg;Nghuhl;lj;jpw;fhf Nghuhlpaj;
jiytHfspd; fUj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; gy;NtWgl;l Nghuhl;lk; kw;Wk;;
mit rhHe;j nra;jpfSk; ,t;tpaspy; ,lk; ngw;W cs;sd.

,ay; - 3

“jk;kk;gl;b Kfhk; mikg;Gk; tho;tpay; rpf;fy;fs;" vd;Dk;

,t;tpaypy; <oj;ijtpl;L ntspNa te;j <o mfjp kf;fs; jkpor;;
#oypy; md;whlk; mDgtpj;J tUk; Nghuhl;l tho;tpay; rhHe;j
nra;jpfs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

3
KbTiu

NkNy $wg;gl;Ls;s %d;W ,ay;fspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;l

Ma;T KbTfs; njhFj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sd.

JizE}w;gl;bay;

Ma;tpw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l NeHfhzy;> E}y;fs;> ,jo;fs;

kw;Wk; fsMa;tpw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ltHfspd; tptuKk; njhFj;Jj;
jug;gl;Ls;sd.

4
 ,ay; xd;W

<og;Nghu;r; R+oYk; mfjpfs; cUthf;fKk;

mfjpfs;

xU ehl;bd; Fbkf;fshf ,Ug;Nghu; me;ehl;bd;

nghUshjhuk;> Nghu;> ,d mopg;G kw;Wk; ,d;d gpw
fhuzq;fSf;fhfj; jd; nrhe;j ehl;ilAk; jdJ
cilikfisAk; Jwe;J mz;il ehl;bw;Fr; nrd;W
milf;fyk; NjLgtu;fis mfjpfs; vd;W
miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.

,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjpfs;

cyfpd; VjhtJ xU %iyapy; ,d;Wk; Nghu; ele;J

nfhz;Nl jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. Nghupd; Nfhuf;fhuq;fspypUe;J
capu;gpiof;f FLk;gk; FLk;gkhfj; jdJ nrhe;j jha; ehl;il
tpl;Lk;> cwTfis tpl;Lk;> cupikfis tpl;Lk; ,yq;if
jkpo; <o kf;fs; ,lk; tpl;L ,lk; ngau;eJ
; tho;fpd;wdu;.
NkYk; ,yq;ifapy; Vw;gl;l cs;ehl;L> ,d Nkhjy;fspd;
njhlu;r;rpahf capiuf; fhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf ,yq;ifia
tpl;L ntspNawp NtW ,lj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ NtW ehl;bw;Nfh
jQ;rk; mile;jtu;fs; <oj; jkpo; mfjpfs; vd;W
miof;fg;gl;ldu;.

<og; Nghu; cUthf;fr; R+oy;

,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjpfs; vd;gJ ,yq;ifapy;

eilngw;w cs;ehl;L Nghupd; NghJ ghjpf;fg;gl;Lj; jq;fs;
cilikfis ,oe;J> mfjpfshf mz;il ehlhd ,e;jpah
Nghd;w gpw ehl;bw;F tUifj; je;j ,yq;if jkpou;fisf;

5
Fwpg;gjhFk;. ,yq;ifapy; cs;s jkpou;fisg; G+u;tPfj;
jkpou;fs; vd;Wk; Mq;fpNyau; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy;> jkpofj;jpy;
,Ue;J ,yq;ifapd; kiyafg; gFjpfspy; Njapiyj;
Njhl;lq;fis cUthf;fTk;> guhkupf;fTk; mioj;Jr;
nry;yg;gl;l kiyafj; jkpou;fs; vd;Wk; ,Utifahfg;
gpupf;fyhk;. 2012 Mk; Mz;L ,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpag; G+u;tPfj;
jkpou;fs; 839>504 NgUk;> ,yq;ifapd; G+u;tPfj; jkpou;fs;
2>269>266 NgUk; trpj;J te;jjhf ,yq;if murpd; kf;fs;
njhiff; fzf;fPL Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

jkpo; <ok; vd;gJ rpq;fsu;fSk; jkpou;fSk; ,ize;j

xU ngUk; jPthf ,Ue;jJ. <oj;jpy; G+u;tf; Fbfshfj;
jkpou;fs; tho;e;J te;jdu;. vq;fpUe;Njh te;j rpq;fs ,dk;
tlf;F> fpof;F vd ,uz;L gFjpfspYk; jkpo; kf;fNshL
,uz;lwf; fye;jdu;. jkpou;fisf; fhl;bYk; rpq;fsu;fspd;
vz;zpf;if mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ. rpq;fsu;fs; mjpfk; vd;gjhy;
Ml;rp nghWg;Gk; mtu;fsplNk ,Ue;jJ. mjdhy; mtu;fs;
jkpou;fisAk; jkpopdj;ijAk; mopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf
ngUk; Nghiu ,yq;if muR elj;jpaJ. mg;Nghupd; neUf;fb
jhq;fhJ jkpo; kf;fs; midtUk; xd;W $b jq;fSf;nfdj;
jdp ehL Ntz;Lk; vd;W rl;lk; gpwg;gpf;ff; Nfhup Nghuhl;lk;
elj;jpdu;. Ml;rp KOJk; rpq;fsu;fNs mikf;fTk; jkpou;fis
mbikg;gLj;jTk; vjpu;g;ghu;j;j rpq;fs muR jkpou;fis mopf;f
KbT nra;jJ. ,jd; tpiothf ,dk; mopj;jy; Nghuhl;lk;
Jtq;fpaJ.

rpq;fs muR gz;ghl;L uPjpahfr; rpq;fstu;fs;

jkpou;fistpl Nkyhdtu; vd;w vz;zj;ijj; jpzpf;f
muk;gpj;jdu;. ,jd; %yk; ,d Nkyhz;ik> ehfupfg;
Gfo;ghLjy;> Mupa ,dj;Jld; rpq;fs ,dj;ij ,izj;jy;>
6
fle;j fhyj;jpy; Gj;j fyhr;rhu ek;gpf;if Kjypatw;iw
mtu;fs; Nju;e;njLj;jhu;fs; vd;W tuyhw;W Ma;T $WfpwJ.
,Nj fUj;ijr; ”RUf;fkhfr; nrhd;dhy; tuyhw;iwg;
ngha;ahf;fpj; njhd;W njhl;L tho;e;jtiuj; jho;e;jthuhf;fpg;
ngUk;ghd;ik jpkpuhYk; mjpfhur; rpk;khrdj;jpy; mku;e;J
,Uf;Fk; Mztj;jhYk; jkpou;fs; cupikf;F ciyitj;J
capUf;F tpiyitj;J clikf;Fj; jPitj;Jj; jkpo;
,dj;ijNa $z;NlhL mopj;J tUk; nfhLikahd epiyik
jpBnud;W Fjpj;J tpltpy;iy mtu;fs; gbg;gbahfj;
jkpopdj;ij mopj;J xopf;f vz;zp gbg;gba;ahfj; jpl;lkpl;L
,r;nraiy cUthf;fpaJ mtu;fspd; Ml;rpapy; mit ntw;wp
ngw;wd. Mdhy; tuyhw;wpy; ,e;j xopg;G Kiwf;F vjpuhfg;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l jkpopdk; njhlu;e;J Nghuhb tUfpwJ.”1 vd;W
jkpod; ghG Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

NkYk;> ,yq;ifapy; tpLjiyf;Fg; gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpy;

nkhop> gy;fiyf;fof mDkjp ,df;fytuq;fs;> jkpou;
gFjpfspy; mur FbNaw;wq;fs; > Nghd;witj; njhlu;gpy;
rpq;fstUf;Fk;> jkpou;f;Fk; ,ilapy; fUj;J Kuz;ghL
Vw;gl;lJ . ,k;Kuz;ghLfs; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; mjpfupj;J 1983
Mz;by; xU cs;ehl;Lg; Nghuhf khwpaJ. ,g;Nghupdhy;
gy;NtWgl;l yl;rf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; ,dg;gLnfhiy
nra;ag;gl;ldu;. mj;Jld; kl;Lkpy;yhJ> gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd
kf;fs; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNawp gpw ehl;by; (mfjpfshf)
jQ;rk; GFe;jdu;.

<og;NghUk; mjd; gpd;dzpAk; :

<oj;jkpo; kz;zpy; rpq;fs muR Vtyhy; elf;Fk; rpq;fs

,uhZtj;jpd; gaq;fu ntwpr; nray;fshfpa nfhs;isabj;jy;>

7
nfhiy nra;jy;> jPapLjy;> fw;gspj;jy; Kjypa ghjfr;
nraiyg; gpd;dzpahff; nfhz;L jkpo; ,yq;if tlf;F>
fpof;F gFjpapy; cs;s khtl;lq;fspy; thOk; jkpou;fs;
jq;fsJ jd;khdj;ijf; fhf;f jq;fsJ tho;f;ifj;juj;ij
cau;j;j jkpo; kf;fs; Rahl;rp Kiwia Ntz;bdu;.

jdpr; rpq;fsr; rl;lk;

,yq;if murhq;fj;jhy; 1956 Mk; Mz;L [_d; 5Mk;

ehs; ,yq;if ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; epiwNtw;wgl;l rl;lk;
rpq;fsk; kl;LNk ,yq;ifapd; mur nkhop vd mwptpj;jJ.
,r;rl;lj;jpd; %yk; Muk;gj;jpy; mjhtJ ,yq;ifia
lr;Rf;fhuu;fsplkpUe;J ifg;gw;wpa Mq;fpNyau;fsJ trk;
,Ue;j fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; ,yq;ifapd; Ml;rp nkhopahd
Mq;fpy nkhop 70 Kjy; mfw;wgl;L ngUk;ghd;ikahfg;
Ngrg;gLk; rpq;fs nkhop Ml;rp nkhopahf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

,r;rl;lj;jpd; %yk; muRg; gzpapy; cs;s jkpou;fSk;

rpq;fsk; gbf;f Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;Jf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;lhu;fs;
Rje;jpuf; fl;rp xU ,lJ rhup fl;rpahf ,Ue;jhYk;
,r;rl;lj;jpidr; rpy jkpo; kw;Wk; rpq;fs ,lJ rhup
cWg;gpdu;fs; $l vjpu;j;jdu;. “v];.n[.tp.nry;tehafk;
jiyikapy; gy Nghuhl;lq;fs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L
Nkw;f;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. aho;g;ghzk;> tTdpah> kl;lf;fpsg;G>
jpUNfhzkiy Nghd;w jkpou; gFjpfspy; murpd; nraw;ghLfs;
,aq;ftplhJ nra;ag;gl;ld

,jidj; jpUj;jr; rl;lk; %yk; jkpou;fspd; vjpu;g;ig

mLj;J gz;lhu ehaf;fh muR 1958 nrg;lk;gu; %d;whk; ehs;
,e;jj; jpUj;jr; rl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jJ. ,jd;gb
epahakhd jkpo; nkhopg; gad;ghl;ilr; rpq;fs muR

8
mq;ff
P upj;jJ. ,jd; %yk; jkpou;fSf;nfdr; rpy
rYiffisAk; tpjpj;jJ.

1. jkpo;g; ghlrhiyfspy; Nghjid nkhopahfj; jkpo;

mwptpf;fg;gLjy;.

2. jkpou;fs; mur Nritapy; Nru;tjw;fhd Nghl;br;

Nrhjidfs; jkpopy; elj;Jjy;

3. mur epWtdj; njhlu;G nkhopahf jkpo; mwptpf;fg;gly;.

4. tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; mur eltbf;iffspy;

jkpo; ,lk;ngwy;”2

,jd; %yk; jkpou; tho; gFjpfspy; jkpOk;

gad;gLj;jg;glyhk; vDk; jpUj;jk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Rje;jpu
,yq;ifapy; ,U ,dq;fSf;fpilNa gifikia cUthf;Fk;
rl;lkhf ,r;rl;lk; gyuhYk; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

,yq;if FbAupikr; rl;lk;

“,yq;if FbAupikr; rl;lk; 1948 Mk; Mz;by;

,yq;if gpupj;jhdpauplkpUe;J tpLjiy ngw;wJk; mjd;
Fbfs; ahnud tiuaiw nra;tjw;fhff; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l
rl;lkhFk;. ,J 1948 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; khjk; 15Mk; ehs;
mg;Nghija If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp murpd; %yk;
ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. ,yq;if muR ,uz;L
tpjkhd FbAupikr; rl;lj;ij mky;gLj;jpaJ

1. tk;rh topf; FbAupik

2. gjpTf; FbAupik”3

9
,jid NkNyhl;lkhfg; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ ,J Gjpjhf tpLjiy
ngw;w ehnlhd;wpu;f;Fj; Njitahd xU eltbf;ifahfNt
Njhd;wpdhYk; rpq;fsj; Njrpathjpfs; ,e;jr; rl;lj;jpd; %yk;
,d;ndhU Nehf;fj;ijAk; epiwNtw;wpdhu;fs;. mjhtJ
,yq;ifapd; kj;jpa kiy ehl;Lg; gFjpfspy; ,yq;iff;Fj;
jkpo; ehl;bypUe;J ngUk; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fyhff;
nfhz;Ltug;gl;Lf; FbNaw;wgl;l ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd
njhopyhsu;fis ehlw;wtu;fs; Mf;Ftjpy; rpq;fstu;fs; ntw;wp
ngw;whu;fs;. ehL tpLjiy ngw;wjpypUe;J gbg;gbahf tsu;r;rp
ngw;W te;j ,d Kuz;ghLfspy; xd;whf ,e;jr; rl;lk;
mike;jJ vdyhk;. ,r;rl;lk; ehlhSkd;wj;jpy;
nfhz;Ltug;gl;lNghJ ,yq;ifj; jkpo; ehlhSkd;w
cWg;gpdu;fSld; Nru;e;J ,lJ rhupf; fl;rpapdUk; vjpu;j;jdu;.

fy;tp jug;gLj;Jjy; rl;lk;

“,yq;if Rje;jpukile;j fhyg; gFjpapy; <oj;jkpou;fs;

fy;tpapy; rpwg;Gw;W ,Ue;jhu;fs;. Fwpg;ghf tlf;fpy; gy
fy;Y}upfs; epWtp cau; fy;tp ngw;W Nkk;gl;ldu;.
jkpou;;fSf;F toq;fpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mtu;fspd; Gyik rhu;
kuG Mfpait mtu;fs; fy;tpapy; rpwg;Gw VJthfpd. ,U
,dj;jtu;fspilNa xg;gPl;lstpy; rpq;fs khztu;fis tpl
mjpf tpOf;fhL jkpo; khztu;fs; cau; fy;tp fw;W te;jdu;.
,e;epiyia rpq;fs muR fy;tp jug;gLj;Jjy; rl;lq;fisf;
nfhz;L te;jhu;fs;. ,e;jr; rl;lq;fs; 1967> 1971> 1979 Mk;
Mz;Lfspy; khw;wg;gl;ld.”4

,yq;ifapy; nfhz;L tug;gl;l ,e;jf; fy;tp

jug;gLj;jy; rl;lq;fs; ,yq;ifapy; ,dg;gpur;rpidj; Njhd;w
Kf;fpa fhuzq;fspy; xd;whf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jr; rl;lk; cau;

10
fy;tp tha;g;Gfisr; rpq;fs> jkpo;> K];yPk; kf;fspd; njhif
mbg;gilapy; gpupj;jJ. mjhtJ mjpf Gs;spfs; ngw;w> jpwik
tha;e;j jkpo; khztu;fs; tha;g;Gfis ,yf;f Neupl;lJ.
Fiwe;j Gs;spfs; nfhz;l rpq;fs khztu;fSf;F me;j
tha;g;Gfs; toq;fg;gl;ld.

jpl;lkpl;l rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wk;

jpl;lkpl;l rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wk; vd;gJ ,yq;ifapy;

rpq;fsg; ngUk;ghd;ik muRfs; jkpou;fspd; kuG topj; jhaf
epyg;gug;Gfspy; jkpou;fspd; kuG top cupikfisr; rpijf;Fk;
tz;zk; jpl;lkpl;L Nkw;nfhz;l rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wq;fisf;
Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,e;jj; jpl;lq;fs; epykw;w rpq;fstu;fSf;F epyk;
jUk; jpl;lq;fshf murhy; gug;Giu nra;ag;gl;lhYk; mq;F
tho;e;j jkpou;fspd; cupikfisf; fUj;Jf;fisg;
nghUl;gLj;jhky; ,e;jj; jpl;lq;fs; epiwNtw;wg;gl;ld. ,JTk;
,yq;if ,dg;gpur;rpidf;F xU Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mike;jJ

,yq;if murpd; gaq;futhjk;

,yq;if murpd; gaq;futhjk; vd;gJ ,yq;if tho;

jkpo; kf;fs; kPJ ,yq;if muR Nkw;nfhz;L tUk;
gaq;futhj eltbf;ifia Fwpf;Fk;. ,yq;if muR nghJ
ehl;L kf;fspilNa ,df;fytuq;fs; Vw;gLj;Jjy;> kf;fspd;
mbg;gil kdpjTupikfis kPWjy;> rl;lj;jpu;f;Fg; Gwk;ghd
rpj;jputijfSf;Fj; jk; ehl;L kf;fis cl;gLj;Jjy;> rl;lj;
jpl;lq;fis kjpf;f Ntz;ba muNr rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghd
MAjf; FOf;fis cUthf;fp Ml;flj;jy; nra;jy; Nghd;w
nray;fisg; Gupe;J kf;fis mr;RWj;jYf;F cl;gLj;jpaJ.
NkYk; mbg;gil ru;tNjr kdpjTupikfis kPWjy; mjw;F
Nkyhf jkJ ehl;L kf;fisg; gLnfhiy nra;jy; Nghd;w

11
gaq;fu eltbf;iffis ,yq;if muR njhlu;eJ
; nra;J
te;jJ. jkpo; ,dg;gLnfhiy> Ml;flj;jy;> fl;lha
ntspNaw;wk;> rpj;jputij> E}yfq;fs;> ghlrhiyfs;>
itj;jparhiyfs; kPJ Fz;L NghLjy; vd rl;lj;Jf;F
Gwk;ghd gaq;futhj eltbf;iffis ,yq;if muR
rpWghd;ik ,d <oj;jkpou;fs; kPJ ,e;jg; gaq;futhjr;
nraiy njhlu;eJ
; Nkw;nfhz;L te;jJ.

aho; E}yfk; vupg;G

“aho; E}yfk; vupg;G vd;gJ ,yq;if

,dg;gpur;ridapy; xU Kf;fpa epfo;thFk;. ,e;epfo;T 1981 Mk;
Mz;L [_d; 1 Mk; Njjp ,uT rpq;fs td;Kiwf;
FOnthd;why; eilngw;wJ. ,J 20 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,d
E}y; mopg;Gfspy; xU khngUk; td;Kiwahff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.
,t;topg;G Neu;e;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; aho;g;ghzk; nghJ
E}yfj;jpy; fpl;ljl;l 97>000 mwpa E}y;fSld;
njd;fpof;fhrpahtpNyNa kpfg; ngupa E}yfkhfj; jpfo;e;jJ.”5

,e;j E}yf vupg;G td; Fk;gypy; ,yq;if mikr;ru;

fhkpdp jprhehaf;fh cl;gl;l NkYk; gy mg;Nghija rpq;fs
murpay; jiytu;fs; rk;ge;jg;gl;bUe;jdu;. ,j;jifa aho;
E}yfk; vupf;fg;gl;lJ <oj;jkpou;fs; kj;jpapy; ,d;Wk; mopah
tLit Vw;gLj;jp jkpo; Njrpa NghUf;Ff;F cuk; Cl;baJ

rpq;fs kakhf;fk;

rpq;fs kakhf;fk; vd;gJ ,yq;ifapy; tho;e;j

rpWghd;ikapdiu ,yq;if ngUk;ghd;ik ,dkhd
rpq;fstu;fspd; gz;ghl;Lf;Fs; cs;thq;Fk; tifapy;
jpl;lkpl;lJ. ,yq;if jkpou;fs; goq;Fbapdu;fs;

12
K];yPk;fs; MfpNahu; ,e;j nraw;ghl;lhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lhu;fs;.
Jdpr; rpq;fs rl;lk;> ngsj;jk; mur rkakhf
mq;ff
P upf;fg;gl;lJk; rpq;fs FbNaw;wk; Nghd;w nray;ghl;bd;
%yk; rpq;fs FbNaw;w eltbf;ifia rpq;fs muR
Nkw;nfhz;lJ.

gz;ghl;Lr; rpijT

jkpo; <oj;jpy; jkpou;fs; thOk; gFjpfspy; mtu;fspd;

jlaq;fis mspf;Fk; Kaw;r;rpapy; rpq;fs muR Kk;Kukhf
<Lgl;L te;jJ. mq;Fr; rpq;fstu;fspd; FbNaw;wk; xUGwk;
eilngw;W nfhz;bUe;jJ. jkpou;fs; tho;e;J te;j gFjpfspy;
cs;s ,e;J Myaq;fs; rj;jkpy;yhky; rpq;fsu;fshy;
mspf;fg;gl;ld. ,it ngUk;ghYk; jkpou;fspd; ghuk;gupa
gz;ghl;bid mspf;Fk; Nehf;NfhL mtu;fs; mjid
Kjd;ikahf nfhz;L nray;gl;ldu;. mf;fhyf;fl;lj;jpy;
jkpou;fs; tho;e;j gFjpfspy; ,Ue;j 67 Nfhtpy;fs;
vupf;fg;gl;L tpl;ljhf “,z;lu;Nerdy; ghyprp ilnrRk; “,jypy;
mjpu;r;rpA+l;Lk; jfty; MjhuG+u;tkhf ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fle;j 2012 – Mk; Mz;L khu;r; khjk; ntspaplg;gl;l me;j
Mtzk; mg;NghJ Clfq;fspy; ntspahfp ngUk; gugug;ig
Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. mtu;fsJ Nfhtpy;fis mopg;gjd; %yk;
jkpou;fspd; fyhr;rhuj;ijAk;> gz;ghl;ilAk; mopf;f ,yq;if
muR KbT nra;Js;sjhfj; jkpo; Mu;tyq;fs; gy;NtWgl;l
Fw;wk; rhl;bAs;sdu;.

“kf;fspd; tho;it mtu;fspd; fyhr;rhuj;ijg;

giwrhw;Wgitahf mikgit Nfhtpy;fs; mjid mspg;gjd;
%yk; jkpou;fis mopj;J xopf;f ,yq;if muR epidj;jJ.
mjdhy; jhd; jkpou;fspd; gFjpapy; ,Ue;j Nfhtpy;fs; ahUk;

13
mwpahkYk; ve;j xU Kd; mwptpg;Gk; ,d;wpAk;
mopf;fg;gl;ld. <oj;jpy; cs;s 89 jkpo; fpuhkq;fSf;Fr;
rpq;fs ngau; R+l;Ljy;> khtl;l> efu> fpuhk vy;iyfis khw;wp
mikj;jy; Nghd;w Ntiyfis ,yq;if muR nra;jJ.
mj;Jld; mq;Fs;s Kf;fpakhd 67 ,e;J Nfhtpy;fis
mspj;jJ . xU khngUk; fyhr;rhuKk; goq;fhy kjKk;
midtupd; fz;Kd;Nd epu; %yk; Mf;fg;gl;L xLf;fg;gl;lJ.
tTdpah khtl;lj;jpy; Rkhu; 12 Nfhtpy;fs; ,bf;fg;gl;Lk;
vupf;fg;gl;Lk; mopf;fg;gl;Ltpl;ld.”6 mq;Fs;s ,uk;igf; Fsk;>
kiuYg;ig> neLkf;Nfzp> rptehfu;> jlau;kiy cs;spl;l
jkpou; thOk; gFjpahd jpupNfhzkiy khtl;lj;jpy; cg;guT>
yq;fg;gl;bdk;> rk;gy;jPT cs;spl;l gy fpuhkq;fspy; 17
,e;Jf;Nfhtpy;fs; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. gps;isahu; Nfhtpy;>
kiyakhd; Nfhtpy;> Kj;Jkhupak;kd; Nfhtpy;> NfhNd];tuu;
Nfhtpy;> ehuhazd; Nfhtpy; Nghd;w Myaq;fs; mopf;fg;gl;ld.

aho;g;ghzj;jpy; jhd; mjpfgl;r Nfhtpy;fs; 208

mspf;fg;gl;Ltpl;ld. mq;Fs;s ehfu; Nfhtpy; fpof;F> tlf;F>
njw;F nrk;gpad;gl;L> tlf;F> njw;F> ntl;Giyf;Nfzp> je;ij
nry;tGuk; cs;spl;l gy Cu;fspy; cs;s gpugykhd
Nfhtpy;fs; mopf;fg;gl;ld. mjpy; R+Nyrptd; Nfhtpy; fuk;gk;
taputu; Nfhtpy;> kq;nfhy;iy taputu; Nfhtpy; cs;spl;l
gpugy Nfhtpy;fSk; mlq;Fk;. rpq;fsu;fs; ,tw;iwnay;yhk;
mspj;J Gj;ju; Nfhtpy;fshf khw;wpdu;.

,];yhkpau; gs;spthry; kPjhd jhf;Fjy; :

“,yq;ifapy; thOk; K];yPk;fs; midtUNk jkpo;

NgRk; K];yPk;fs; Mthu;fs;. kjj;jhy; NtWgl;ltu;fNs jtpu
nkhopahYk; ,dj;jhYk; KOf;f>KOf;f jkpou;fNs Mthu;fs;.

14
vt;tpj rkaKk; [hjPAk; ghuhJ tho;e;J te;j jkpou;fspilNa
ngUk; gpupitAk; NghiuAk; Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; 10 –f;Fk;
Nkw;gl;l K];yPk;fspd; gs;spthry;fs; jPfF
;
,iuahf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL kw;w gFjpfspy; cs;s
gs;spthry;fSk; jhf;FjYf;F cs;shf;fpAs;sJ. mj;NjhL
gyik tha;e;j Qhgf rpd;dkhf tpsq;fpa ]pahuk; xd;Wk;
KSikahf ,bj;jspf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; gy gs;spthrypy;
gy Neuj; njhOiffSf;F ,ilQ;ry;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;
gl;Ls;sNjhL XupU gs;spthry;fspy; 5 Neuj;njhOiffSk;
<Lgl Kbahj mty epiyia Nkw;f;nfhz;lJ.”7

jkpo; <oj;jpy; rpy Kf;fpa khtl;lq;fSs; xd;whd nrk;g

mDuhjGuk; khtl;lj;jpYs;s Cl;Lg;gy;yhk; gFjpapUe;j gy
E}w;whz;L goiktha;e;j K];RyPk;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd
,Ryhkpa ngupahupd; mlf;fRjyhk; cs;spl;l epidT
rpd;dq;fs; NghyPrhupd; ghJfhg;Gld; ngsj;j kj FU khu;fspd;
jiyikapy; ,bj;J jhf;fg;gl;L mjpy; Gj;j rpiyfis
mikj;J topghL nra;jJ.

Foe;ijfspd; fy;tpapy; Ntw;Wikia cUthf;Fjy;

cly; uPjpahd rpj;jputijfisg; Nghy> cstpay;

uPjpahd rpj;jputijfisr; nra;tijAk; mr;rpq;fs muR
jtwpajpy;iy. vg;gbr; rptpy; kdpjhgpkhd cupik
,af;fq;fis vjpu;f;fpd;wdNth mNj Nghd;W mwpTj;Jiw
xLf;F KiwiaAk; vjpu;f;f Ntz;ba fl;lha epiyf;Fj;
jkpou;fs; js;sg;gl;ldu;. [dehaf cupikf;fhd
,af;fq;fSk;> ,yq;if muR <oj; jkpou; tpraj;jpy;
js;sg;gl;L jpzpf;fg;gl;lJ. Kjypy; rpW Foe;ijfs;
tp\aj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,g;Nghu; njhlq;fpaJ. Vnddpy; rpW

15
Foe;ijfs; jhd; tUq;fhyj; jiyKiwfis miltjw;fhd
tpijfs; Mtu;. rpW Foe;ijfs; kPJ itf;ff;$ba
ftdj;jpypUe;Nj ehl;bd; tUq;fhy r%fj;jpd; kPJ itf;fg;gLk;;
kjpg;gPl;ilAk; nra;a KbAk;.

rpq;fsg; Ngupdthj xLf;F Kiw ,d;iwa

jiyKiwapdu; kPJ fytuq;fisAk; kdpj gLnfhiyfisAk;
cz;lhf;fp uj;j Mw;iw Xltpl;L ,d;iwa jiyKiwia
$z;NlhL xspg;gJ kl;Lky;yhky; vjpu;fhyj; jiyKiwiaAk;
$lj; Jilj;njwpaf; $ba rjpiar; nra;Jte;jJ.

“1960 –y; Nghuhjidg; gy;fiof;fyfj;jpy; vy;yhk; jkpo;>

rpq;fs khztu; kj;jpAs;s el;GwNt kpQ;rpapUe;jJ. Mdhy;
,d;W mNj Nghuhjid tshfj;jpy; gy rpq;fs khztu;fs;
jkpo; khztu;fisAk; Mrpupau;fisAk; jhf;fp mtkjpg;gpy;
kfpo;r;rpailf;fpwhu;fs;. ,e;j khw;wk; fyhr;rhu
rhjdq;fSf;$lhd gpur;rhuj;jpd; Xu; Neub tpisT vd;Nw
nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.

ghyu; tFg;gpypUe;J G+r;rp GOf;fisNa nfhs;tJ ghtk;

vd;w Nghjidia ngUk; mNj Neuj;jpy; ,dk;> kjk;> ehL
vd;w Gdpjj;Jtkhd %d;W If;fpaj;ijAk; gw;wpa Nghjid
jkpou;fisj; jhf;Ftij> mtkjpg;gij epahag;
gLj;JtjhfTk; J}z;LtjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ehL KOtJkhd
Foe;ijfs; gbf;Fk; ghlj; jpl;lk; NtW. jkpo; Foe;ijfs;
gbf;Fk; ghlj;jpl;lk; Ntwhf cs;sJ. xU Gj;jfj;jpy; jPghtsp
gw;wpa ghlk; <o jkpof kiyaf kf;fspd; ghlg;gFjpahf
,Uf;fpwJ. Kw;ghu;itapy; mJ jkpo; ,e;J fyhr;rhuj;ijr;
rpq;fs Foe;ijfSf;F mwpKfk; nra;Ak; Xu; tuNtw;ff; $ba
cj;jp vd;W vz;zj;ij Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. MapDk; ,e;j

16
ghlj;ij thrpf;Fk; NghJ ,jd; Nehf;fk; jpiu jpUk;GfpwJ.
jPghtsp> ,e;jpahtypUe;J te;j jkpou;fspd; re;jjpauhd
,yq;ifapy; thOk; kf;fshy; nfhz;lhlg;gLtJ vd;Nw
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. rpq;fsg; ghlE}y;fspd; ,e;j xw;iw
fyhr;rhu ,dthjk; rhu;ej
; Nghf;fpd; tpisTfis NkYk;
cWjpg;gLj;Jgitahf kw;iwa fyhr;rhur; rhjdq;fspy;
mike;Js;sd.”8

jkpou;fSf;Ff; fy;tp cupik kWf;fg;gLjy;

ehL KOJk; fl;lhaf; fy;tp ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ

kiyafj;jpy; kl;Lk; mJ fpilahJ mNj Nghd;W ehL
KOJk; fy;tpf;$lq;fs; Njrpa ikak; vd;W tUk; NghJ
mq;F kl;Lk; ,y;iy. gpd;du; Njrpakak; vd;w ngauhy; jdpr;
rpq;fs nkhopr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; jha;nkhop gapy;tJ
kWf;fg;gl;lJ. nghJthf kiyaff; fy;tpf;$lq;fspy; juk;
kpff; FiwT> gj;J taJ tiujhd; mtu;fshy; gbf;f KbAk;
5 tFg;Gf;F Nky; mtu;fshy; gbf;f KbahJ mjdhy; md;W
,uz;liu ,yl;rk; jkpo; Foe;ijfSf;Ff; fy;tp
kWf;fg;gl;lJ.

nghJthf tho;f;if epiyfspdhYk;> nghUshjhu

epiyfspdhYk; gs;spfspy; Foe;ijfs; Nru;g;Gf; Fiwthf
,Ue;j NghjpYk; $l> FbAupik kWf;fg;gl;ljhy; xU rpy
FLk;gq;fs; Foe;ijfSf;Ff; fy;tp tha;g;ig mspf;f Kd;
te;jhYk; $l> mij KOikahf mspf;f Kbahky;
Ngha;tpl;lJ. kPwpr; nrd;W gbf;Fk; Foe;ijfisAk; jha;
nkhopapy; gapy mtu;fSf;F mDkjp toq;ftpy;iy. jha;
nkhop gpd;Df;Fj; js;sg;gl;Lr; rpq;fs nkhop midj;J
jkpou;fSf;Fk; jpzpf;fg;gl;lJ. jkpo; rKjhaNkh (m)

17
kiyafj; jkpou;fNsh ,ij cj;Njrpj;Jj; jdp gs;spfs;
jpwf;fyhk; vd;whYk; mtu;fshy; >jdpahu; gs;spfs;
elj;Jtjw;F mDkjp fpilahJ.

fy;tp fw;Fk; taJs;s %d;W ,yl;rk; Foe;ijfspy;

Rkhu; 75>000 Foe;ijfSf;Fj;jhd; mt;tha;g;G Vw;gLfpwJ.
vd;W 1983 - k; Mz;L elj;jpa Xu; Ma;T $WfpwJ.
nghJthfj; jkpo; khztu; njhif 1970 – Mz;Lld;
xg;gpLifapy;> ,g;NghJ 5.4 rjtpfpjj;Jf;F Nkyhff;
Fiwe;Js;sJ. mJ kl;Lky;yhky; rupahd czT
fpilf;fhjjhYk;> tWikahYk;> ehNlhbfsha; tho;fpd;w
mtyj;ijAk; Foe;ijfspd; ,wg;G tpfpjk; 10 – rjtPjj;Jf;F
Nky; mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

NkYk; tajhdtu;fspd; ,wg;G tpfpjk; ,yq;if

KOJf;Fk; 4.7 rjtpfpjk; ,Uf;ifapy; kiyafj;jpy; 62.4
rjtpfpjk; MFk; mtu;fs; tUthapy; 76 rjtpfpjk;
czTf;fhfNt Ngha; tpLfpwJ. rk;gs cau;Nth
kWf;fg;gLfpwJ. kpf Nkhrkhd R+y;epiyapy; tho Ntz;ba
epiy xt;nthU FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; Vw;gLfpwJ.

mbg;gil cupikfs; kWj;jy;

“gs;spfspYk; fy;Y}upfspYk; ,l xJf;fPL rk;ge;jkhff;

filgpbf;ff;g;gLk; nfhs;iffs;> tpjpKiwfs; ,e;j
Nghu;f;fsj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd ,lkhFk;. Vnddpy;
Ntiytha;g;gpw;fhd Xu; milahskhfNt fy;Y}upf;fy;tp
tha;g;G ,Uf;fpwJ. xU rpy ,lq;fSf;F mjpfkhd
khztu;fs; ,tu;fSld; Nghl;baplf; $ba xU Jiwahf ,J
,Uf;fpwJ. Mifapdhy; ,U ,dq;fSk; jq;fSila
tsu;r;rpf;fhd Nghl;bf;fskhf ,ijf; fUJfpd;wd .
18
 mJkl;Lky;yhky; mtu;fspd; tPLfs; jhf;fg;gLtJk;>
epWtdq;fNs ,y;yhky; nra;tJk;> jkpou;fisf; ifJ
nra;tJk; kw;Wk; rpj;jputij Nghd;w nfhiyfs; Mfpait
nra;ag;gLtJk; njhlu; epfo;r;rpf;fshf khwpd. NkYk; tajhd
Copau;fs;> ngd;\d;> thq;Fgtu;fs; gLk; kdepiy tUj;jq;fs;
XupU nrhy;ypy; tbf;f KbahjJ. mtu;fs; xt;nthUtUk; gl;l
Jd;gq;fs; Vuhsk;> Mf Foe;ijfspUe;J tajhdtu;fyhfTk;
cs;sdu; . ,jd; cr;rf;fl;lkhf me;j Mz;L Mf];l; khjk;
aho;g;ghz ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;> Rkhu; %thapuj;Jf;Fk; Nkyhd
tajhd jha;khu;fs; xd;W $b ePjpgjpiar; Rw;wp epd;W
,uhZtj;jhy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L ,uhZt Kfhk;fspy;
milj;J itf;fg;gl jq;fs; kfd;fis tpLtpf;Fk; gbf; Fuy;
nfhLj;Jg; Nghuhbdhu;fs; gpd;du; fhty; Jiwapdu; te;J
mtu;fis mg;Gwg;gLj;jpdhu; ,t;tifapy; mwpTj;Jiw (kw;Wk;)
kd czu;T epiyapy; Xu; xLf;FKiwr; rpq;fsg; Ngupdthjr;
nraiy ,yq;if rpq;fs muR Nkw;nfhz;lJ.”9

,yq;if murpd; rpq;fsg; Ngupdthjk;

“,yq;if murpd; Ngupdthjk; vd;gJ xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l

,yq;if gpupl;ldplkpUe;J 1948 y; Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf;
nfhz;lJ. ,yq;ifapy; rpq;fsu;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikapdu;
Mjyhy; rpq;fsu;fspd; Mjuitg; ngw;W ,yq;if muRfs;
Ml;rp mikj;jd. ,t;thW Ml;rp mikj;j rpq;fsg;
ngUk;ghd;ik muRfs; rpUk;ghd;ikapduhd jkpou;fisg;
Gwf;fzpj;J jho;j;jp tpul;Lk; tz;zk; gy rl;lq;fisf;
nfhz;L te;jhu;fs;. ,jw;fhf mtu;fs;

1. ,yq;if FbauRr; rl;lk;

2. jdp rpq;fsr; rl;lk;

19
3. ngsj;jk; ,yq;if rikakhf Kjd;ikg;gly;

4. fy;tp jug;gLj;Jjy;

Nghd;w rpq;fstu;fis kl;Lk; rl;lq;fisf; nfhz;Lte;jdu;.”10

ghypay; td;Kiw

,yq;if ghJfhg;G jug;gpdu; <og;Nghupd; NghJ ,yq;ifj;

jkpou;fSf;F vjpuhf jpl;lkpl;l Kiwapy; ghypay; kw;Wk;
ghy;epiy rhu;ej
; td;Kiwfs; elj;jpdu;. ,yq;if muR <oj;
jkpou;fs; kPjhd ghypay; td;Kiwfs; elj;jpaJ njhlu;ghfg;
gy cyf mikg;Gfspdhy; Mjhuq;fs; jpul;lg;gl;Ls;sd.
,yq;if kPjhd I.eh kdpj cupik Mizak; ,jid
ntspf;nfhzu;e;Js;sJ. ,t;thW ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspy; ngz;fs;
kl;Lkpd;wp Mz;fSk; mlq;Ftu;. me;j mwpf;if ghypay;
td;Kiwfs; jdpg;gl;l nraw;ghLfspy; mjw;F khwhf mit
rpj;jputhij nra;tjw;fhd Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;l nfhs;iffs;
mbg;gilapy; jpl;lkpl;Lg; ghtpf;fg;gl;l nray;KiwfshFk;
vd;W I.eh kdpj cupik Mizak; njspTgLj;JfpwJ. NkYk;
,e;j td;KiwfSf;fhf xUtu; $l ,d;W tiu
jz;bf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.

,yq;if muRf;Fk; GypfSf;FkpilNaahd Nghu;

<sg;Nghu; (m) ,yq;if cs;ehl;Lg;Nghu; vd;gJ ,yq;if

,dg;gpul;ridf; fhuzkhfj; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfshfpa
,yq;ifj; jkpo; NghuhspfSf;Fk; ,yq;if muRf;Fk; ,ilNa
Vw;gl;l Nghu; MFk;. „,g;NghuhdJ 2 [Piy 1998 -y; njhlq;fp
26 Mz;Lfs; tiu eilngw;wJ. 26 tUlq;fshf eilngw;w
,g;NghuhdJ ,yq;if kf;fSf;Ff; fLk; Jd;gj;ijAk;
nghUshjhu uPjpahf ehl;bw;Fk; ngUk; ,og;igAk;

20
Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. 100>000 – f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l kf;fspd; ,wg;gpw;Fk;
fhuzkhf ,g;Nghu; ,Ue;jJ. ,yq;if murpd; nray;gl;bid
vjpu;j;j ,yq;ifj; jkpo; Nghuhspfs; tpLjiyg;Gypfs; vd;w
ngauhy; Nghuhbte;jdu;. ,yq;if muRf;F vjpuhf Gypfs;
Nkw;f;nfhz;l cj;jpfs; midj;Jk; ahUk; vjpu; ghu;f;fhj
nray;glhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; Gypfis mnkupf;fh> ,e;jpah>
fdlh> INuhg;gpah Nghd;w xd;wpa gy ehLfs; gaq;fu thj
mikg;ghf tpLjiyGypfs; ,af;fj;ij mwptpj;jdu;.
ru;tNjrk; kj;jpapy; Nghu; epWj;jk; 2002 –y;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. MapDk; 2005 –d; gpw;gFjpapy;
mtu;fSf;Fs; Kuz;ghL Vw;gl;lJ. gpd;du; tpLjiyg;
GypfSf;F vjpuhf [Piy 2006 k; Mz;L muR mtu;fs;
kPjhd ,uhZt eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. mjdhy;
Gypfs; fpof;F khfhzj;jpypUe;J ntspNaw Ntz;ba epiy
Vw;gl;lJ .

2007 – y; ,yq;if murhq;fk; 10>000 - f;Fk;

mjpfkhd tpLjiy Gypfs; Aj;j epWj;jj;ij kPwpajhf
Fw;wQ;rhl;b xU jiy gr;rkhf Aj;j epWj;j xg;ge;jj;jpy;
,Ue;J ntspNaWtjhf mwptpj;jJ. ,jd; %yk; Gypfs;
jq;fs; jiyik nray;glhf nfhz;bUe;j fpspnehr;rp kw;Wk;
mtu;fspd; gpujhd ,uhZt ikakhf ,Ue;j Ky;iyj;jPT
KOJk; ifg;gw;w vz;zp> jkpoPok; kPJ fLk; Nghu; njhLj;jdu;.
,g;Nghupy; tpLjiyg;Gypfs; 17 Nk 2009 md;W Njhy;tpAw;wdu;.
,jd; gpd;du; I.eh - tpdhy; ,yq;if muRk; GypfSk; Nghu;
Fw;wk; Gupe;jjhff; Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gl;ldu;‟11.

21
rpiwapy; nfhiyg;Gupjy;

“rpq;fs muR <og; gFjpfspy; ifJ nra;Ak; jkpo;

Nghuhl;l tPuu;fisj; jkpou; gFjpapYs;s rpiwfspy;
milf;fhJ rpq;fsu; mjpfk; thOk; gFjpfspy; cs;s
rpiwfspy; milj;J te;jdu;. ,yq;ifapd; kpfg; ngupa
rpiwr;rhiy nfhOk;gpYs;s ntspf;flr; rpiwNaahFk; ,J
gpupl;b\hu; fhyj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;lJ. ,q;F Rkhu; %thapuk;
ifjpfs; tiu milf;Fk; msTf;F ,ltrjp cz;L. ,e;j
rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;l <o tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l tPuu;fs; 24
kzp NeuKk; milf;fg;gl;l epiyapNyNa itf;fg;gl;bUg;gu;.
,q;F milf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Vida rpq;fsf; ifjpfisg;
Nghyd;wp Nghuhl;l tPuu;fs; nra;jpg; gj;jpupf;iffs; thrpf;fNth>
clw;gapw;rp > nra;aNth > thndhyp Nfl;fNth > fw;Nwhl;Nl
trjpfNsh> rpiw E}yf trjpNah> kWf;fg;gl;L ,Ul;L
miwapy; trpf;fpd;w epiyiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhu;fs;.

jkpo; gFjpfspy; ele;jjhff; fUjg;gLk; rk;gtq;fSf;F

tof;Ffs; ahTk; rpq;fsg; gFjpapYs;s ePjpkd;wj;jpy;
tprhupf;fg;gLk;. re;Njfj;jpd; Ngupy; ifJ nra;ag;gLk; <o
tpLjiyg; Nghu; tPuu;fspd; ngw;Nwhu;> kidtp> kf;fs;> cw;whu;
cwtpdu;> ez;gu;fs;> tof;fwpQ;ru;fs; ahtiuAk; re;jpf;f
mDkjpAk; kWf;fg;gl ,ayhj epiyapy; jkpou;fs; rpyu;
rpiwf;Fs;NsNa nfhd;Wf; Ftpf;fg;gl;ldu;.

rpiw mjpfhupfs; jkJ jpl;lkpl;ljd; gb Fwpg;gpl;l

rpiwf; ifjpfisj; Nju;e;njLj;J mtu;fSf;F rhuhak; >
frpg;G Nghd;w kJ tiffisf; nfhLj;J> cw;rhfg;gLj;jpf;
nfhiy ntwpiaj; J}z;bdu;. me;j Neuj;jpy; rpiwr;rhiy
caujpfhupfs; kjpa czTf;fhfj; jj;jk; tPLfSf;Fr;

22
nrd;wpLtu;. cau; mjpfhupfs; ,y;yhjw;NghJ ele;j
td;Kiwnadj; jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;s ,e;j Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ.
jf;f jUzk; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j nfhiy ntwpau;fs;
jq;fs; ntwpahl;lj;ij Muk;gpj;Jtpl;ldu;. nfhiyf;fhuu;fs;
gaq;fu ntwpf;$r;ry; vOg;gpf; nfhz;Lk; MAjq;fis vLj;Jf;
nfhz;Lk; jkpo; ifjpfs; itf;fg;gl;bUe;j rpiwf;
$lq;fSf;Fs; nrd;W mtu;fisj; jhf;fpdu;. mtu;fspd;
tUiff;fhf fjTfs; Vw;fdNt jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;;lpUg;gu;
fj;jpfs;> nghy;Yfs;> ths;> Nfhlupfs;> ,Uk;Gf;fk;gpfs;>
Fj;J}rpfs; tpwFf;filfs; vd ifapy; fpilf;Fk;
Majq;fisf; nfhz;L jkpo; ,isQu;fspd; kPJ jhf;Fjy;
elj;;jpdu.; ,t;tsT nfh^ur; nray;fSk; rpiwf;fhtyu;
Kd;dpiyapy; eilg;ngWk; jkpou;fSk; jkpopdKk;
mtu;fSila cilikfs; Kjy; capu; tiu midj;ijAk;
,oe;J jtpj;jdu;.

,dg;gLnfhiy :

1948 ,yq;if gpupl;ldplkpUe;J tpLjiyngw;w

fhyj;jpypUe;J jkpoUf;Fk; rpq;fstUf;Fk; ,ilNa gpul;rid
,Ue;J tUfpwJ. murpay; cupikf;fhd mikjp topg;
Nghuhl;lq;fs; 1998 gpd;du; cs;ehl;L Nghuhf mJ khwpaJ.
,jdhy; ,yq;if jkpou;fspy; gyu; ,yq;ifia tpl;L
ntspNawp ,e;jpah> mnkupf;fh> fdlh> M];jpNuypah Mfpa
ehLfSf;Fk; rpyu; INuhg;gpa ehLfspYk; mfjpfshf FbNawp
tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;. Vwj;jhs ,yq;ifj; jkpoupy; %d;wpnyhU
gq;fpduhd 800>000 f;F Nkw;gl;Nlhu; ,yq;ifia tpl;L
ntspNawp gpw ehLfspy; mfjpfshf tho;fpd;wdu;. ,J jtpu
cs;ehl;Lg; Nghupy; yl;rj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ,yq;ifj;jkpou;
capupoe;Jk; cs;sdu;. 2009 Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpf;fl;l Nghu;
23
,yq;if jkpoupd; capupog;GfSf;Fk; clik ,og;GfSf;Fk;
kj;jpapy; ,yq;if murhq;fj;Jf;F ntw;wpiaj; Njbf;
nfhLj;J. Nghiu epWj;jpa NghjpYk; ,yq;if jkpoupd;
mbg;gilg; gpul;ridfs; ,d;Dk; jPu;f;fg;glhky; cs;sd.

grpapd; typAk;> gpope;j jhfKk;> gpuptpd; jtpg;Gk;> ntb

Fz;Lfspd; ntf;ifAk;> gLnfhiyfspd; nfh^uKk; rfyKk;
Kbe;J Nghfpw jUzj;jpy; mk;kf;fs; mt;tplj;jpy; ,Ue;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jdu;. mtu;fs; Nghupd; filrp ehl;fspy; Nghf
,lkpy;yhJ> mtu;fisf; fhf;f xUtUk; ,y;yhJ Ks;sp
tha;f;fhy; gug;gpy; epd;Wf;nfhz;bUe;j NghJ mtu;fs; kPJ
,dg;gLnfhiy jhf;Fjiy ,yq;if muR Nkw;nfhz;lJ. Nk
17 ,WjpAj;jk; eilg;ngw;w ehspy; ehd;Fj; jpirfspypUe;Jk;
vwpfizfs; tPrg;gl;ld. gJq;Ff; FopfspypUe;J xU rpyu;
kl;Lk; capu; jg;gpdhu;fs;. rpyu; gJq;Ff; Fopf;Fs; Xb
xypAKd; mtu;fs; ghu;j;jpUe;j jkpo; cwTfs; rijj;
Jz;Lfyhfpf; fple;jd. Mz;> ngz;> ngupNahu;> rpwpNahu;>
Foe;ijfs; vd NtWghLfs; vJTk; njupahJ rlyq;fshfj;
jiy NtW> fhy; NtW> cly; Ntwhf gpzf;fhlha; fple;jJ.
nghopAk; Fz;LkioapypUe;J jd;idf; fhj;Jf; nfhz;ltu;fs;
midtUk; ,yq;if ,uhZtj;jpduhy; ifjpfshfg;
gpbf;fg;gl;ldu;.

ifjpahfg; gpbf;fg;gl;l %d;W ,yl;rk; <oj; jkpou;fs;

,uz;L gf;f Ks;fk;gpNtypf;Fs; eLNt Cu;eJ
; f;
nfhz;bUe;jdu;. fk;gp Ntypf;F kWgf;fj;jpy; ehf;F eidf;f
xU KlW jz;zPu; kl;Lk; nfhLj;jhu;fs; Ik;gjhapuk; Ngu;
,Uf;Fk; msTila fk;gpNtypf;Fs; %d;W yl;rk; kf;fis
milj;jhu;fs;. Rw;wpYk; RLk; epiyapy; Jg;ghf;fp Ve;jpa
,uhZtj;jpdu; ghJfhg;gpw;nfd ,Ue;jdu;. mtu;fsplk; rpy
24
jkpou;fs; jkJ njhiyj;j cwTfisj; Njl mDkjp
Nfl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. mjpy; xUtu; fk;gpNtypf;Fs; kl;Lk;
Njbg;ghUq;fs; ntspapy; nrd;why; Rlr; nrhy;yp cj;juT vd;W
jkpou;fs; fk;gp Ntypiaj; jhz;br; nry;y kWj;Jtpl;ldu;. gpd;
,uhZtf; $l;lj;jpdu; %d;whapuk; nghjpAzTfisf; nfhz;L
te;J nfhLj;jhu;fs;. mq;F grpNahbUe;j %d;W ,yl;rk;
kf;fs; czTg; nghjpfSf;fhf mtu;fs; mbj;Jf;
nfhs;tijAk; xUtu; kPJ xUtu; kjpj;J ,we;JgLjiyAk;
fz;l ,uhZtj;jpdu; vs;sp eifahb kfpo;e;jdu;. jkpoupd;
,ayhik mtkhdf;fyj;jpy; rpf;fp jtpj;jJ rpy taJ
Nghdtu;fSk; rpWtu;fSk; mbgl;L neuprypy; rpf;fp
%r;rlq;fpg; gpzq;fsha; fple;jhu;fs; .

,d mopj;jypd; mLj;jf;fl;lk; Ks;NtypapypUe;J

thfdq;fSf;F tupirahf Vw;wpr; nrd;Wf;nfhz;lpUe;jhu;fs;.
xt;nthUtuhfg; gupNrhjpj;J mDg;gg;gl;ldu; mtu;fspy; Gypfs;
ahNuDk; ,Ug;gpd; jdpahf tur;nrhy;yp mtu;fis
mr;RWj;Jtu;. Gypfisj; jdpahf gpbj;Jr; nrd;W
nfhiynra;jdu;. gpd; midtUk; cly; NrhjidfSf;F
cs;sf;fg;gl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fs; clypy; fl;ba
Nfhtzj;ijf;$l mtpo;j;J gupNrhjpj;jhu;fs;. ,Wjpahf
mtu;fis ntl;l ntspapy; iffs; gpd;Gwkhff; fl;lg;gl;L
gpwe;j NkdpNahL Xlr; nra;J mtu;fisr; Rl;Lf; nfhd;wdu;.
jkpopd; khdj;jpw;fhf capiuAk; Jr;rkhff; fUjp Nghu;Gupe;J
te;j Gypfis ,wf;Fk; NghJk; xl;Lj;Jzpapy;yhky;
mtkpjpf;fg;gl;L ,Wjpahf cliy Jg;ghf;fpf; Fz;Lfshy;
Jisj;J mtu;fspd; capiuAk; khdj;ijAk; xU Nru
,yq;if ,uhZtk; cwpQ;rpf; Fbj;J jdJ ,dg;gL nfhiy
Ml;lj;ij ntwp jPu MbaJ.

25
jkpoPo mfjpfs; cUthf;fk;

. ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;J gy;NtWg;gl;l kf;fs; xU FOthf

,e;jpah nry;yj; jahuhfpf; nfhzbUe;jdu;. ,q;fpUe;jhy;
mtu;fs; vy;NyhUk; mope;J tpLthu;fs; vd;W vz;zpAk;
Nghu; kWgbAk; Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lhy; ,dpNky; ,q;F mtu;fshy;
tho KbahJ vd;Wk; kf;fs; vz;zpdhu;fs;. mjpy; gy
tje;jpfs; NtW capiuf; fhg;ghw;w Nghuhba <o kf;fspd;
kdij NkYk; fjpfyq;fitj;jJ. mjpy; ,isQau;fs;>
AtjpfSf;F mjpfkhd Nrhjid mr;Nrhjidia mr;R+oypy;
mtu;fs; midtUk; mwpe;jpUe;jdu;. ,uhZtj;jpd; fz;zpy;
gl;lhNyh mt;tsT jhd; mjpy;yhky; Nghuhspfs; FOtpy;
Ngha; Nru;e;jhNyh capUld; tho Kbahj R+oy; mq;F
epytpaJ. md;W ,Ue;j ,e;jr; R+y;epiy xt;nthU
ngw;NwhiuAk; rpe;jpf;fNt itj;jJ. mg;NghJ FLk;gk;
FLk;gkhf Gwg;gl;lhu;fs; epiwa epiwa jahuhfpf;
nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. kf;fs; ngupJk; mg;NghJ Fyk;gpg;Ngha;
,Ue;jdu;. NkYk; aho; Nfhl;ilapy; Vw;gl;l Nghupdhy; kf;fs;
ngupJk; gae;Jg; Ngha; ,Ue;jdu;. jw;NghJ rpy fhyk; ,e;jpah
nry;tjhfTk; %d;W khjk; fopj;J jpUk;gp jhafk; tuyhk; vd
KbT nra;J fpsk;gj; jahuhf;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. mtu;fs;
,yq;ifapypUe;J fs;sj;Njhdp %yk; jkpofk; te;jilAk;
Kaw;rpia Nkw;nfhz;ldu;.

“,yq;ifapypUe;J jkpofk; Nehf;fp te;jtu;fspy; gyu;

gy ,d;dYf;F Ml;gl;L jd;Dapiu ,oe;jhu;fs; mtu;fspy;
rpwpa glfpy; mjpfkhztu;fs; nrd;W flypy; Ko;fpatu;fs;>
,yq;if flw;gilapduhYk; ,uhZtj;jpduhYk; Rl;Lf;
nfhy;yg;gl;ldu;> fly; miyapd; Mf;Nuhrj;jpy;
Ko;fpg;Nghdtu;fs;> Ko;fpatu;fs; vj;jidNah Ngu; fz; Kd;
26
gpzkhf xJq;fpaijf;fz;L jkpo;ehl;L kz;izj;njhLthu;fs;
vd;w ek;gpf;ifia ,oe;J vy;Nyhu; kdjpYk;
Nfs;tpf;FwpahfpUe;jJ. ,Wjpahf capu; gpioj;jtu;fs; kl;Lk;
,uhNk];tuj;jpy; ,Lg;gsT jz;zPupy; flYf;Fs; ,wf;fp
jkpof vy;iyia te;jile;jhu;fs;.”12

jkpo; <oj;jpy; ,Ue;J mz;il ehlhd ,e;jpahtpw;F

jQ;rk; mile;j jkpoPo kf;fs; gz;ghl;L > gof;ftof;fq;fpdhy;
khWgl;L tho;e;J te;j kf;fis ,e;jpa muRf;F nrhe;jkhd
,lj;jpy; Fbaku;j;jp mtu;fSf;fhd rpy jw;fhypf
Njitfisr; nra;J nfhLj;J mtu;fSf;fhd xU Fwpg;gpl;l
R+oiy jkpof muR Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhLj;jJ. mt;thW
cUthf;fg;gl;l ,lk; ,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjpfs; Kfhk; vd;w
ngaupy; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ.

KbTiu

fle;j ehw;gHjhz;L fhykhf mz;ikapypUf;Fk;

,yq;ifapy; NghH eilngw;W tUfpwJ. Nghhpy; gy capHfs;
moptJ ,aw;ifNa vdpDk; jpl;lkpl;L XH ,dk;
mopf;fg;gLtJ kdpjhgpkhdj;jpw;F vjpuhdJ. ,yq;ifapd; G+Ht
Fbfshd jkpo; ,dj;ij mopj;J rpq;fstHfs; KOikahf
Ml;rp nrYj;jpaNjhL kl;Lkpd;wp vt;tpj muR rghH;e;j
gyidAk; jkpoHfisg; ngwtplhJ nra;jdH. jkpoHfSf;fhd
fy;tp kWf;fg;gl;lJ. Foe;ijfs; kdjpy; jkpoHfs;
,opthdtHfshf tpijf;fg;gl;ldu;. ,e;epfo;T njhlHe;J me;j
,dk; mk;kzpypUe;J mfw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf
cUthf;fpaJ. ,e;j vz;zNk me;ehl;lpd; ngUk; NghUf;F
toptFj;J gy yl;r jkpoHfspd; mopw;f;F fhuzkhapUe;jJ.

27
 mbf;Fwpg;G

1. ghit re;jpud;. <oj; jkpohpd;Nghuhl;l tuyhW g.41

2. Mrpupau; FO . ,yq;if jkpou; tuyhW g.45
3. NkyJ. g.37
4. ghit re;jpud;. <oj; jkpoupd;Nghuhl;l tuyhW g.32
5. Mrpupau; FO. ,yq;if jkpou; tuyhW g.106
6. jkpod; ghG . cyNf cdf;F fz; ,y;iyah? g.65
7. NkyJ g.100
8. Mrpupau; FO. ,yq;if jkpou; tuyhW g.39
9. NkyJ. g.54
10. jkpod; ghG. cyNf cdf;F fz; ,y;iyah? g.8
11. NkyJ g.10
12. Nghupd; kWgf;fk; . jkpoPo mfjpfs; cUthf;fk; g.32

28
 ,ay; ,uz;L

<og;NghUk; jkpo;r;R+oYk;

Ks;sptha;f;fhy; Kw;Wk;

Ks;sptha;f;fhy; epidT Kw;Wk; vd;gJ 2009 Nk khjk;

,yq;ifapy; ele;j ,dg;gLnfhiyapy; nfhy;yg;gl;l jkpou;fs;>
jkpoPoj;Jf;fhf capu; tpl;l Nghuhspfs;> jpahfpfs; kw;Wk;
,yq;if jkpo; kf;fs; MfpNahUf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l
nfhLikfisr; rpj;jupf;Fk; tpjj;jpYk; epidTg;gLj;Jk;
tifapYk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. „,e;j Ks;sptha;f;fhy; epidT
Kw;wj;jpy; ,yq;ifapy; eilngw;w ,Wjp fl;l Nghupd; NghJ
jkpou;fs; nfhy;yg;gl fhl;rp rpj;jupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jid
6.11.2013 md;W jQ;irapy; cyfj; jkpou; Nguikg;gpd;
mikg;ghsu; go . neLkhwd; mtu;fs; jpwe;J itj;jhu;.

,e;j epidT Kw;wk; fl;Lk;gzp etk;gu; 15 2011 Mk;

Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. itNfh kw;Wk; ey;yf;fz;Zthy;
,jd; mbf;fy; ehl;lg;gl;lJ. Kjypy; xU epidTj;J}dhf
kl;LNk jpl;lkplg;gl;bUe;jJ. Mdhy; ,yq;ifapy; jkpou;
mtyq;fshy; jkpou;fs; mjpfstpy; mopf;fg;gl;likahy;
,yq;ifapd; cs;ehl;Lg; Nghupd; epidTr; rpd;dkhf ,J
cUthf;fj; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ. Ks;sptha;f;fhy; gLnfhiy
jkpou; jhafnkq;Fk; <oj;jkpou;fspd; ,uj;jr;rfjpahy;
tiuag;gl;l <oj;Jf; fhtpakhf ,J jpfo;fpwJ.

jkpou; tuyhw;wpNy kwf;f Kbahj ehlfq;fs; ePz;l

ngU typAld; <oj;jkpou;fspd; ,Wjp %r;Rf;fhw;W mtu;fsJ

29
jhaf kz;zpy; GijAz;L vupAz;L fjwf;fjw gLnfhiy
nra;ag;gl ,e;j Ks;sptha;f;fhy; gLnfhiy vd;Wk; jkpodpd;
neQ;rpy; mizahJ vupAk; ngU neUg;Gf; fdiy ,J
Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.‟1

“vj;jid jilfs; tpjpf;fg;gl;lhYk; ,e;j neUg;ig

vtuhYk; midj;J tplKbahJ. cly; njwpf;f rpij Vupa
rpq;fs ,dthj murpd; nfh^u nray;fs; muq;Nfwpa me;j
ehl;fspd; typfs; jkpou;fspd; tho;tpy; vd;Wk; vr;rkha; ,e;j
epidNte;jypy; njhlu;eJ
; epiyNgWf; nfhs;fpwJ. Nghupy;
capupoe;j jiytu;fs; Nghuhopfs; jkpoPo kf;fsJ rpiyfs;
Nghupd; NghJ mtu;fSf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l Jaur; rk;gtq;fs;
Fwpj;J ,k;Ks;sptha;f;fhy; Kw;wk; gjpT nra;Js;sJ”2

Ks;sptha;f;fhy; Nghuhl;lkhdJ xLf;fg;gl;l Nghuhl;lkhf

my;yJ cynfq;Fk; thOk; jkpou;fis tpopj;njyr;nra;Ak;
khngUk; Nghuhl;lkhf elj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jpy;
gy;yhapuf;ffzf;fhd kf;fs; khztu;fs; jiytu;fs;
Nghd;Nwhu;fs; fye;Jf;nfhz;L %d;W ehl;fs;
,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpidj; jQ;irapy; elj;jpdu;. gy vjpu;g;Gfs;
te;Jk; mtu;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l ,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpidf; iftplhJ
jkpoPo kf;fSf;fhfj; jkpo; <o Njrj;jpw;f;fhf ,it
eilngw;wJ.

jpwg;G tpoh

jpl;lkplgl;l ehSf;F ,U ehl;fs; kpd;djhf 2011 Mk;

Mz;L etk;gu; 6 Mk; Njjpad;W ,k;Kw;wk; jpwe;J
itf;fg;gl;lJ. ey;yf;fz;Z (,e;jpa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rp)
itNfh (kWkyu;r;rp jpuhtpl Kd;Ndw;wf; fofj; jiytu;)
jkpo;j; Njrpag; Ngupaf;f jiytUk; jkpo;j;Njrpa jkpou;
30
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd; MrpupaUkhd ng.kzpaurd;> rPkhd; (jpiug;gl
,af;Fdu;) kw;Wk; (ehk; jkpou; fl;rp xUq;fpizg;ghsu;) R .g
cjaFkhu; Nghd;w jkpofj;ijr; Nru;e;j murpay; thjpfSk;
,j;jpwg;G tpohtpy; fye;J nfhz;ldu;

jQ;ir tpyhu; rhiyapy; neLQ;rhiyj;Jiwf;Fr;

nrhe;jkhd ,lj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;bUe;j Ks;sptha;f;fhy; epidT
Kw;wj;jpd; Rw;Wr; Rtiu ,bj;J neLQ;rhiyj;Jiw
eltbf;if vLj;Js;sJ. mjd; gpd; jpl;lkpl;lg;gb jpwg;G tpoh
epfo;r;rp 8 Mk; Njjp njhlq;fg;gl;L 10 Njjp tiu %d;W
ehl;fs; eilngw;wJ.

“Ks;sptha;f;fhiyAk; ee;jpf;fliyAk; kwf;f KbahJ!

<of; ftpQu; jPgr;nry;td; Ks;sptha;f;fhy; vd;w kuz
epyj;ijAk; ee;jpf;fly; vd;w kuzf; fliyAk; <oj; jkpopdk;
kwe;Jtpl ,ayhJ vd;W kuzj;jpy; Jspu;f;Fk; fdT ftpij
Gj;jfj;jpd; njhFg;ghrpupau; <of; ftpQu; jPgr;nry;td;
njuptpj;Js;shu;.”3

tuyhw;wpd; njhlu;r;rpahf njhlu;eJ

; tho;jYf;fhf
ePjpiaAk; mePjpiaAk; gjpT nra;tjw;fhf NghiuAk;
Fw;wj;ijAk; vLj;jpak;Gtjw;fhf ntw;wpiaAk; tPo;r;rpiaAk;
tpthjpg;gjw;fhf <oj;jpd; Nghu; ,yf;fpak; njhFg;gl Ntz;Lk;
vd;Wk; mtu; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. NkYk;>

<oj; jkpopdk; tuyhW fhzhj mopit re;jpj;jpUf;fpwJ.

jkpo; NgRk; kf;fspd; murpaiyAk; tho;itAk; nghWj;jstpy;
ngUk; tPo;r;rpahf ,g;Nghu; Kbe;jpUf;fpwJ. mopT vd;w
Ngupyf;Fld; ,e;jg; Nghu; elj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;jf; fhyj;jpy; <oj;
jkpopdk; NguopTf;F Kfk; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gJ jhq;f
Kbahj kfhj; Jauk;.
31
 ,g;Nghu; gy;NtW Nehf;fq;fis cilaJ. mJ murpay;>
gz;ghL> tuyhW> ,dk;> nkhop vd;W vy;yh $WfspYk;
jhf;FfpwJ. xU Kf;fpakhd tuyhw;Wf; fhy fl;lj;jpy; tho
Ntz;ba epu;ge;jKk; NjitAk; ,Uf;fpw jkpo; NgRk; kf;fspd;
,d;iwa fhyj;ij ehk; fle;J nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

,jdhy; thu;j;ijfs; ek;gpifia mspf;f Ntz;ba

nghWg;ig tfpf;fpd;wd. ele;j Jauq;fisf; Fwpj;J
ciuahlTk; gjpT nra;a Ntz;ba flikAk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
<og;Nghuhl;l ,yf;fpaq;fspy; Nghuhl;lj;ijAk; thOk;
fditAk; $u;ikahf;f Ntz;ba gilg;Gf;fNs ,d;W ekf;Fj;
Njitg;gLfpd;wd.

,g;Nghu; thOk; ,dj;ij khj;jpuk; mopf;ftpy;iy. ,e;j

,dj;jpd; <o epyj;jpd; gy jiyKiwfis mopj;jpUf;fpwJ.
jiyKiwfisf; fle;J gy tifapy; jhf;fk; nrYj;JfpwJ.
,e;jg; ngUk; mopit cyfk; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

,e;j Jauj;ij jLf;f Kbahky; Rw;wp murpay; kw;Wk;

mjpfhu Ntypaplg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,g;Nghu; kw;Wk; mjd; Jauk;
,d;Dk; vOjg;glhj ftpijfs;. mit Nghu; kf;fspd;
rhl;rpahf vOjg;gl Ntz;bait.

,e;jg; Nghu; vq;fs; kf;fis> vq;fs; ftpQu;fisf;Fuy;

mw;wtu;fshf;fpapUf;fpwJ. ftpijfis mopj;jpUf;fpwJ.
,yf;fpaq;fis ,y;yhky; nra;jpUf;fpwJ. ,itfs; xU rpy
ftpQu;fsplk; kl;Lk; cs;s ftpijfs; vdyhk;.

,g;Nghu; gw;wp KOikahd ftpijfSk; KOikahd

,yf;fpaKk; njhFf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jg; Nghu; rupj;jpuj;jpy;
Kf;fpakhdJ. thrpf;fg;glTk; Muhag;glTk; Ntz;baJ.

32
mjD}lhf <o kf;fspd; tho;it tuyhw;iw efu;j;j
Ntz;bAs;sJ.

tuyhw;wpd; njhlu;r;rpahf njhlu;eJ

; tho;jYf;fhf
ePjpiaAk; mePjpiaAk; gjpT nra;tjw;fhf NghiuAk;
Fw;wj;ijAk; vLj;jpak;Gtjw;fhf ntw;wpiaAk; tPo;r;rpiaAk;
tpthjpg;gjw;fhf ,e;jg; Nghu; ,yf;fpak; njhFg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
<o ,yf;fpak; ntWk; fz;zPu;g; gpujpfs; my;y. ntWk; ,uj;jg;
gpujpfs; my;y.

“yl;rk; capu;fs; mirAk; gpujpfs;. tho;it tho

tpUk;Gk; rdq;fspd; Vf;fq;fs;. mtu;fs; nrhy;y tpUk;gpa
fijfs;. mtu;fs; nrhy;yhJ nrd;w fijfs;. <o kf;fspd;
tho;T. me;j tho;f;if gy;NtW Nfhzq;fspy; fhz tpUk;Gk;
fdTfs;. <o epyj;jpy; ,e;j Vf;fKk; fdTk; nebajha;
tpise;jpUf;fpwJ.

vz;gJfspy; <oj;J ftpQu;fs; gjpndhUNgu; vOjpa

kuzj;Js; tho;Nthk; vd;w ftpijj; njhFg;G ntspahdJ.
mjd; gpwF <oj;J ftpQu;fspd; gy;NtW njhFg;Gf;fs;
ntspte;J tpl;ld.

vz;gJfspy; kuzj;jpy; tho;e;J nfhz;L vOjg;gl;l

,e;jf; ftpijfSf;Fk; ,e;jj; njhFg;gpy; ,lk;ngWk;
ftpijfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; Rkhu; %d;W jrhg;j;jq;fs;
fpope;jpUf;fpd;wd. Kg;gJ Mz;Lfs; Mfpg;NghapUf;fpd;wd.”4

,g;ngUk; fhy fl;lj;jpy; gy;NtW murpay; epfo;Tfs;

ele;Jtpl;ld. <og; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; 2009 ngUk; Cop ele;jnjhU
fhyk;. njhlu;e;Jk; <o epyj;jpy; tho;e;J nfhz;L NghiuAk;

33
mjd; Jauj;ijAk; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; ftpQu;fs; ,e;jf;
ftpijfis vOjpapUf;fpwhu;fs;.

,f;ftpijfSf;F ,ilapy; Ntt;Ntwhd tho;Tr; R+oYk;

jtpg;Gk; mDgtq;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. vy;yhf;
ftpQu;fsplj;jpYk; tho;f;if gw;wpa Vf;fKk; fhjYk; ngUk;
vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fsha; ,Uf;fpd;wd. NghiuAk; fhjiyAk;
ntt;NtW Nfhzq;fspy; ,e;jf; ftpQu;fs; ghu;f;fpwhu;fs;.

<og;Nghul;lk; kpfg; ngupa vOr;rpiaAk; tPor;rpiaAk;

,e;j ,UgJ Mz;Lfspy; fz;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;j vOr;rpNahLk;
tPor;rpNahLk; ,e;jj; ftpQu;fs; gazpj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.
mjDld; neUq;fpapUe;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. moptpd; tpspk;Gtiu
gazpj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. vy;yhtpjkhd ghu;itfSlDk;
vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fSlDk; ,g;Nghuhl;lj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Fgtu;fs;.
,jw;fha; gq;fspj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. mdhu; <og;ngz; ftpijfspy;
etPd Kfkha; Kf;fpak; ngWgtu;. ngz;Zly; ngz;nkhop
vd;W jdpj;Jtkpf;f jpirapy; mtuJ ftpijfs; gazpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. g`Pkh[hd; murpay; rhu;e;j ghu;itAk;
Gul;rpj;jdKk; nfhz;l ftpQu;. <oj;J ftpijfspy; mtu;
jdf;fhd jdpaplj;ij cUthf;fpapUf;fpwhu;. ek;gpf;ifiaAk;
typikiaAk; ,tuJ ftpijfs; jUfpd;wd.

JthufDk; rpj;jhe;jDk; aho;g;ghzj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu;fs;.

aho;g;ghzk; %Lz;L ,uhZt tyakhfpa nghOJ ,tu;fsJ
ftpijfs; me;j tho;f;ifia mr;rKk; ,UOkhf gjpT
nra;jJ. thu;j;ijfs; jil nra;ag;gl;l fhyj;jpy; Fuy;fs;
Kwpf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; ,tu;fspd; ftpijfs;
vOjg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

34
. fpspnehr;rpapy; eilg;ngw;w Nghu;r; R+oypy; Aj;jk;>
tho;T> nfhiy> ,uj;jk;> mr;rk; Kjypa R+oypy; mtu;fs;
tho;e;jpUe;j nghOJ me;j tho;f;ifia ,f;ftpijfspy;
vOjpAs;shu;fs;.

“Ks;sptha;f;fhy; vd;w kuz epyj;ijAk; ee;jpf;fly;

vd;w kuzf; fliyAk; <oj; jkpopdk; kwe;Jtpl ,ayhJ.
mit <oj;jpd; murpay; FwpaPLfs; MFk;. kdrhl;rpAs;s ve;j
kdpju;fSk; kWj;J tpl KbahJ. nfhy;yg;gl;l kf;fSf;fhf
thOk; tpLjiyia> thOk; fdit> cyhtpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs; kuzj;jpypUe;J mtu;fs; tho;f;ifia
kPsTk; fl;b vOg;gTk; Ntz;ba epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;.

tho;tJ vd;gJ mtu;fspd; khngUk; fdT.

tho;tjw;fhfNt ,j;jid Jauq;fisAk; fle;;J. ,j;jid
Rke;jpUf;fpwhu;fs; ,g;ngUk; JaupdJk; kdpjg;gLnfhiyapdJk;
gpd;du; kuzj;jpy; Jspu;f;Fk; fdthf xd;wha; tho;jYf;fhd
Fuyha; <oj;jpd; jkpo; NgRk; r%fj;jplkpUe;J ,e;jf;
ftpijfis xd;wha; jUfpNwhk; vd;W jPgr;nry;td;
Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.”5

jkpo; <o Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jkpof murpay; jiytu;fs; gjpTfs;

rPkhd;

rpq;fs Ngupdthj murpd; jpl;lkpl;l

,dg;gLnfhiyapy; ,Ue;J capu; jg;gpj; jkpofj;jpy;
milf;fyk; GFe;j ek; <oj;jkpo;r; nrhe;jq;fs; mfjpfs; vd;w
ngaupYk; kWtho;T Kfhk; vd;w ngaupYk; milj;J
itj;jJ %d;whk; ju Fbkf;fshf elj;jg;gLfpwhu;fs;.

35
 mtu;fis f;A+ gpupT fhtyu;fSk; tUtha; mjpfhupfSk;
gLj;Jk; ghL nfhQ;r eQ;rky;y. re;Njfj;jpw;Fupa
Fw;wthspfisg; NghyNt elj;JtJ> gpl; ghf;nfl;> topg;gwp
vd;W ,y;yhj nrhj;ijahd fhuzq;fisf; $wpAk; fhuzq;fs;
VJk; fpilf;ftpy;iy vdpy; may; ehl;ltu; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;
rpwg;G Kfhk;fs; vd;wiof;fg;gLk; jdpik rpiwf;$lq;fspy;
milg;gJ> Kfhk;fspy; thOk; ngz;fisg; Gzu;r;rpf;F
miog;gJ> mtu;fs; vjpu;f;Fk; NghJ cq;fs; mz;zd;
jk;gpfisr; rpwg;G Kfhk;fspy; milj;J tpLNthk; vd;W
kpul;LtJ> Kfhk;fis tpl;L ntspNa nry;tjw;F mDkjp
toq;f kWg;gJ> cz;ikahd fhuzq;fshy; khiy 6
kzpf;Fs; Kfhkpw;Fs; tuj;jtwpdhy; jz;lizaspg;gJ>
mtu;fisf; fPo;j;jukhf elj;JtJ vd tUtha; Ma;thsu;fs;
kw;Wk; fpA+ gpuptpdupd; muh[f eltbf;iffs; nrhy;yp
kPshjit. ,tu;fspd; nfhLikfisj; jhq;f Kbahj
fhuzj;jpdhy; flypy; nrj;jhYk; guthapy;iy vd;W
m];jpNuypah nry;fpwhu;fs; ek; cwTfs;.

„<oj;jpy; Nghu; Kbe;j gpwF mq;Nf kf;fs; Ks;Ntyp

Kfhk;fspy; milj;J itf;fg;gl;bUg;gij NghyNt ,q;F
mfjpfs; Kfhk; vd;w ngaupy; ,t;tpjkhd nfhLikfs;
njhlu;tJ jhaf jkpofj;jpw;Fk; ,q;F thOk; 8 Nfhb
jkpou;fisAk; nghWj;j tiuapy; ,J Nghd;w nray;fs;
ekf;Fg; ngUj;jj; jiyFdpthf ,Uf;fpwJ.

,e;jpahtpd; ehd;F gf;fkpUe;Jk; mfjpfis mDkjpf;Fk;

,e;jpah muR tq;fhs Njr mfjpfis elj;JtJ Nghy
jPgj;jpa mfjpfSf;Ff; nfhLf;Fk; rYiffs; Nghy <oj;jkpo;
nrhe;jq;fis el;lj;Jtjpy;iy. <oj;jkpou;fs; vd;whNy
jPtputhjpfs; gaq;futhjpfs; vd;W Kj;jpiu Fj;jp mtu;fis
36
elj;Jk; Nghf;F kpff;nfhLikahdJ. nly;ypapYk;
nfhy;fj;jhtpYk; ,Uf;Fk; tq;fhs Njr KfhKk;
ngq;fSupy; ,Uf;Fk; jPgj;jpa KfhKk; G+kpapd; nrhu;f;fq;fs;
Nghy ,Uf;fpd;wd. Mdhy; jkpofj;jpYs;s mfjpfs; Kfhk;
kl;Lk; ,d;wsTk; kf;fs; thoNt Kbahj R+oypy; ,t;tuR
itj;jpUf;fpwJ. mnkupf;fh> fdlh> gpupl;ld;> gpuhd;];>
Rtpl;ru;yhe;j;> M];jpNuypah Nghd;w gy ehLfspYk; jQ;rk;
GFe;j <oj;jkpou;fis me;ehLfspd; muRfs;
kdpjhgpkhdj;Jld; elj;Jfpd;wd.

mfjpfSf;Ff;fhd cjtpj;njhif> rYiffs;> fy;tp

fw;f trjpfs;> njhopy; nra;a trjpfs; nra;fpd;wd. fdlh
Nghd;w ehl;by; %d;W Mz;Lfs; njhlu;eJ
; mq;F ,Ue;jhNy
FbAupik toq;fg;gLfpwJ. gy ehLfspy; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd
jkpou;fs; FbAupik ngw;Ws;sdu;. jkpo; ehl;ilj; jq;fsJ
Mjpj; jhafk; vdf; fUjp jQ;rk; GFe;j <oj;jkpou;fis
mtu;fsJ jha;j; jkpofk; jhd; nfhLikg;gLj;JfpwJ.
myl;rpag;gLj;JfpwJ. mjw;Ff; fhuzk; ,Jtiu jkpofj;ijj;
jpuhtplf; fl;rpfs; khwp khwp Mz;bUe;jhYk; mt;thl;rpfs;
<oj;jkpo; nrhe;jq;fis elj;Jk; tpjk; xNu khupahdjhf
itj;jhd;. mjdhy; jhd; mtu;fSf;F fPo; ,aq;Fk;
mjpfhupfSk; mNj kzg;Nghf;Fld; elj;jpdhu;fs;.

te;jtiu vy;yhk; trjpahf tho itj;j jkpofk;

jd; nrhe;jtiur; rhfbg;gJ mtkhdjf;fJ. ,e;j epiy
tpiutpy; Jilj;njupag;gLk; jw;nghOJs;s <o mfjpfs;
Kfhk;fspd; epiyiar; rPu;jpUj;jg;gLtJ> Kfhk;fspy; thOk;
cwTfSf;F ,ul;il FbAupik mopg;gJ cyfshtpa
mfjpfs; xg;ge;jq;fspy; ,e;jpah muR ifnaOj;jpl mOj;jk;
nfhLf;;f nra;tJ Nghd;wit jhd; <or;nrhe;jq;fs; ,q;Nf kw;w
37
vy;NyhiuAk; Nghy; eyKlDk; tsKlDk; tho
toptiff;Fk;‟6 vd;W ehk; jkpou; fl;rp xUq;fpizg;ghsu;
rPkhd; $wpAs;shu;.

njhy;. jpUkhtstd;

<oj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;

Nghuhl;lq;fSf;F Mjuthf jkpofj;jpy; tpLjiyr; rpWj;ijfs;
fl;rpAk; [dehafuPjpahd Nghuhl;lq;fis Kd;ndLf;Fk; vd;W
mf;fl;rpapd; jiytu; njhy; jpUkhtstd; $wpAs;shu;. ,J
njhlu;ghf Nghu; Kbe;J 7 Mz;L Mdg; gpwF
Nghu;f;ifjpfspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhu; tpLjiy nra;ag;gltpy;iy.
mtu;fis murpay; ifjpfshf Vw;fTk; ,yq;if muR
Kd;tutpy;iy 2009 gpd;G ,yq;if Mf;fpukpg;Gg; gil <o
kz;zpNy mfyf;fhy; gjpj;J epw;fpd;wJ. <oj;jpy; cs;s jkpo;
kf;fSf;fhd jiyikfis jdJ nghwpf;Fs; rpf;fitg;gJ>
Gyk;ngau; mikg;Gfisg; gpsTgLj;JtJ jkpof <oj;J
kPdtu;fSf;fpilapy; rNfhju Aj;jj;ij cUthf;FtJ mjd;
%yk; jkpofj;jpy; <oj;jkpou;fSf;F Mjuthd
Nghuhl;lf;fsj;ijg; gytPdg;gLj;JtJ Nghd;w $l;Lr;
rjpfSf;F tha;g;gspf;Fk; tifapy; jkpoPo jiytu;fs; ele;J
nfhs;tJ Ntjidaspf;fpwJ.

„,e;epiyapy; ,df;nfhiy <og; Nghu;f;Fw;wq;fs; Fwpj;J

tprhupf;f gd;dhl;L ePjpg;nghwpKiw murpay; jPu;Tf;Fg; nghJ
thf;nfLg;G Nghd;w mbg;gilf; Nfhupf;iffSf;fhfj; njhlu;eJ
;
NghuhLtijj; jtpu jkpou;fSf;F NtW topapy;iy.
tl;Lf;Nfhl;il jPu;khdj;jpd; 40 Mk; Mz;il Kd;dpWj;jp
ehL fle;j jkpoPo murhq;fk; midj;Jyf <oj;jkpou; kf;fs;
mit Mfpa %d;W Gyk;ngau; mikg;Gfs; Cuzpapy;

38
jpwe;jpUg;gJk; <oj;jpy; fl;rp NtWghLfisf; fle;J tlkhfhz
Kjyikr;ru; tpf;Nd];tuid ,izj;jiytuhf nfhz;L jkpo;
kf;fs; Nguit Njhw;wk; ngw;wpUf;Fk; <oj;jpy; fhzhky;
NghNdhiuj; NjLk; cwtpdu;fs; cs;spl;l rptpy;
mikg;Gfshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; [dehafuPjpahd
Nghuhl;lq;fs; vkf;F ek;gpf;if mspf;fpwJ.

<oj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;

Nghuhl;lq;fSf;F Mjuthfj; jkpofj;jpy; tpLjiyfs;
rpWj;ijfs; fl;rpAk; [dehafuPjpahd Nghuhl;lq;fis
Kd;ndLf;Fk; vd;Wk; <oj;jkpou;fSf;Ffhfj; njhlu;eJ
;
fskhLNthk; vd;Wk; ehq;fs; MAjk; Ve;jhj Gypfs; vd;Wk;
njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwhk;‟7 vd;Wk; jpUkhtstd; jdJ
mwpf;ifapy; $wpAs;shu;

itNfh

rpwg;G mfjp Kfhk; vDk; Ks;Ntypf;Fs; rpiw

itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; <oj;jkpo; mfjpfis tpLjiy nra;a
midj;J <oj;jkpo; mfjpfSf;Fk; ,ul;il FbAupik toq;f!
vd;w Kof;fj;Jld; kf;fs; fiy ,yf;fpaf; fofk; Gjpa
[dehafj; njhopyhsu; Kd;dzp> tptrhapfs; tpLjiy
Kd;dzp> ngz;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzp> Gul;rpfu khztu;
,isQu; Kd;dzp Nghd;w Gul;rpfu mikg;Gfs; xd;W Nru;e;J
jkpo; <o tpLjiyf;fhfr; nrd;idapy; Nghuhl;lq;fis
elj;jpdhu;fs;. mg;NghJ ‘rpwg;G mfjp Kfhk;’ vDk;
Ks;Ntypf;Fs; rpiw itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; <oj;jkpo; mfjpfis
tpLjiy nra;! midj;J <oj;jkpo; mfjpfSf;Fk; ,ul;ilf;
FbAupik toq;F!! jkpo; mfjpfs; kPjhd NghypR fz;fhdpg;G
fl;Lg;ghLfis ePf;F! fTutkhd Ntiytha;g;gpid toq;F!

39
FbapUg;G toq;F ! vd;W itNfh <o mfjp kf;fSf;fhff;
Fuy; vOg;gpdhu;.

ngz;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpiar; Nru;e;j m[pjh

fle;j ,U khjq;fshf <oj; jkpou;fSf;F vjpuhf

,dg;gLnfhiy elj;jpa ,yq;if mjpgu; uh[gf;Nrit
jz;bf;f Nfhup jkpofk; KOtJk; yl;rf;fzf;fhdtu;fs;
tPjpfspy; ,wq;fp Nghuhbdhu;fs;. me;j Nghuhl;lq;fs;
njha;tilahky; ce;jpj; js;sf; $ba rf;jpahf ,Ue;jit
ek;Kila mikg;Gfs;. me;j Nghuhl;lq;fspd; njhlu;r;rpahf>
uh[gf;Nr cs;spl;l Nghu;f;Fw;wthspfisj; jz;bg;gJ vd;fpw
Nfhupf;ifNahL> ‘jkpofj;jpy; rpwg;G mfjp Kfhk; vd;w ngaupy;
Ks;Ntypf;Fs; rpiw itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; <oj; jkpou;fis
tpLjiy nra;a Ntz;lp Kof;fk; vOg;gpdu;. fle;j xU
khjkhf jkpofk; KOtJk; gpur;rhu ,af;fk; eilngw;wJ.”

,yq;ifapy; ele;jg; Nghuhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspy; gyu;

gy;NtW ehLfSf;Fk; mfjpfshf NghapUf;fpwhu;fs;>
,e;jpahTf;Fk; te;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. if> fhy;fis ,oe;J>
cwTfis ,oe;J> ehl;il ,oe;J te;jpUf;fpwtu;fspd;
cz;ikahd epiy vd;d?” vd;W Nfl;L rpwg;G Kfhk;fs;
vd;git rpj;jputij $lhuq;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gij
tpsf;Fk; rk;gtq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.

“,e;jpah KOtJk; ngz;fs; vjpu; nfhs;Sk; gpur;rid

nfh^ukhdJ. ,e;j ehl;bd; Rje;jpukhd Fbkf;fshf thOk;
mtu;fs; 2 taJ Foe;ij Kjy; KjpNahu; tiu ghypay;
td;Kiwf;F Mshfpd;wdu;. kf;fis ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba
NghyP];fhuu;fs; jhd; ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd Fw;wq;fspy; Kf;fpa

40
Fw;wthspfshf ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. ,e;j epiyapy;> NghyP];fhud;
epidj;jhy; vd;d Ntz;LkhdhYk; nra;ayhk; vd;W R+oypy;
rpwg;G Kfhk;fspy; thOk; Mjutw;w mfjpfspd; epiyik
kpfTk; nfh^ukhdjhf cs;sJ. Kfhk;fspy; trpf;Fk;
ngz;fs; ve;j Neuj;jpYk; NghyPrhuhy; Ntl;ilahlf; $ba
epiyapy; mbikfisg; Nghy ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. mfjpfs;
Kfhkpy; trpg;gtu;fs; NghyPrhupd; nfhLikfisg; ghu;f;Fk;
NghJ rpq;fs ,uhZtNk guthapy;iy vd;W Njhd;Wtjhfr;
nrhy;fpwhu;fs;.”

“me;j tifapy; mfjp Kfhk;fis ,Oj;J %b>

mtw;wpy; milf;fg;gl;Ls;s <oj; jkpou;fis tpLjiy
nra;tjw;F Gul;rpfu mikg;Gfs; ru;NtNjr ghl;lhsp tu;f;fk;
vd;w Kiwapy; vg;NghJk; Jiz epw;Fk;.”8vd;W mtu; $wpdhu;.

<og;Nghuhl;lq;fspy; khztu;fs; gq;F

jha;j;jkpof khztu;fspd; Nghuhl;lk; <oj;jkpou;

neQ;rj;jpy; ek;gpf;if xspia Vw;wpaJ. ,isa
jiyKiwapdupd; Nghuhl;lk; jkpof tuyhw;wpYk;
jpUg;GKidia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. <oj;jkpoupd; gLnfhiyf;F ePjp
fpilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;why; I>eh rig jPu;ty;y kj;jpa muRk;
jPu;ty;y khdtu;fshfpa ehNk xd;wpizNthk;. tPjpapy; ,wq;fp
NghuhLNthk; vd;W yNahyh fy;Y}up khztu;fs; elj;jpa
Nghuhl;lj;ijj; njhlu;eJ
; gr;irag;gh fy;Y}up khztu;fSk;
,g;Nghuhl;lj;ij Nkw;f;nfhz;ldu;. ,jidj; njhlu;e;J jpUr;rp
rl;lf;fy;Y}up kw;Wk; <.nt.uh fy;Y}up khztu;fSk;
,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpid 2013 khu;r; 13 Njjp elj;jpdu;. mtu;fisj;
njhlu;eJ
; jkpofk; KOtJk; ,g;Nghuhl;lk; njhlu;eJ
;
khztu;fshy; elj;jg;gl;L te;jJ.

41
 kf;fs; fiy ,yf;fpaf; fofk;> Gjpa [dehafj;
njhopyhsu; Kd;dzp> tptrhapfs; tpLjiy Kd;dzp>
ngz;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzp> Gul;rpfu khztu; ,isQu;
Kd;dzp Mfpa Gul;rpfu mikg;Gfs; Nk ehs; nrd;idapy;
Nguzp kw;Wk; NghyPR b[pgp mYtyfj;jpd; Kd; Kw;Wif
Nghuhl;lk; elj;jpd. ,e;j Nguzp-Kw;Wif Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
jkpofk; KOtjpYkpUe;J Njhou;fs;> kf;fs;> khztu;fs; Rkhu;
5000 Ngu; fye;J nfhz;ldu;. fhiy 10 kzpf;F G+f;fil
NghyP]; ];Nl\d; Kd;G kf;fs; fiy ,yf;fpa fofj;jpd;
fiyf;FOtpdupd; fiy epfo;r;rp eilngw;wJ. ngUe;jpushd
kf;fs; $bapUe;jdu;.

Rkhu; xUkhjk; tiu ePbj;j ,e;j Nghuhl;lk; gy

topfspy; njhlu;e;j;J. Kjypy; tFg;G Gwf;fzpg;G vd;w
Kiwapy; njhlq;fpa ,e;j Nghuhl;lk; rhiy kwpay;
cz;ztpujg;Nghuhl;lk; cUt nghk;ik vupg;G vd gy
topfspy; njhlu;e;jJ. ,Jtiu fz;Lnfhs;shky; ,Ue;j
jkpof muR khztu;fspd; Nghuhl;lj;ij xLf;f gy fl;l
topfisr; nra;jJ. Mdhy; khztu;fspd; cWjpa neQ;rpd;
Kd;dhy; murpd; nray;ghLfs; vJTk; vLgltpy;iy.
khztu;fSf;F Mjuthf midj;J ,af;fq;fSk; fskpwq;fpd.
mtu;fisj; njhlu;e;J gy fl;rpfSk; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
njhlu;ej
; d. ,Wjpahf Kj;JFkhupd; jpahfj;jhy; jkpofk;
KOtJk; ngU neWg;ghf ntbj;jJ. ,yq;iff;F vjpuhfj;
jkpof muirNa Fuy;nfhLf;fr; nra;jNjhL mfjpfsha; tUk;
jkpo; <o rNfhjuu;fis Mjupf;Fk; tz;zk; ngUk;
Nghuhl;lkhf khztu; Nghuhl;lk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

42
Gul;rpfu khztu; ,isQu; Kd;dzpiar; Nru;e;j Xtpah:

“cyfk; KOtJk; gy ehLfspy; mfjpfs; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;.

<oj; jkpou;fSk; gy ehLfSf;F mfjpfshf
NghapUf;fpwhu;fs;. ve;j ehl;bYk; mtu;fs; jkpo;ehl;by;
elj;jg;gLtijg; Nghy elj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. gy ehLfspy;
mfjpfSf;F FbAupik toq;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. jkpofj;jpy; muR
Vd; ,g;gb elj;JfpwJ vd;why;> vd;WNk jkpof muRk;
,e;jpa muRk; <oj; jkpoUf;F vjpuhdJ jhd;. ,Nj
,e;jpahtpy; gq;fshNj\;> gu;kh Nghd;w ehLfspy; ,Ue;J te;j
mfjpfs; Rje;jpukhf ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. mtu;fs; ,J Nghy
Ks;Ntyp Kfhk;fspy; ,y;iy.”9

“<oj; jkpou;fs; midtUNk Gypfs;> gaq;fthjpfs; vd;W

Kj;jpiuf; Fj;jp mg;ghtp kf;fis ,e;j muR rpj;jputij
nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. njhg;Gs; nfhb cwT vd;W gy
jkpopd thjpfs; NgRfpwhu;fs;. neLkhwd;> itNfh> rPkhd;
Nghd;wtu;fs; <oj; jkpou;fSf;fhfNt gpwg;ngLj;jJ Nghy
NgRfpwhu;fs;. ePq;f mnkupf;fhtplk; Nghf Ntz;lhk;> ,e;jpa
murplk; Ntz;lhk;. jkpof murplk; Vd; ,g;gb xU Nfhupf;if
itj;J Nghuhl Kbatpy;iy. n[ayypjhthy; nra;a Kbfpw
,e;j jPu;Tf;fhf Vd; Nghuhltpy;iy. ”

“,e;j gpur;ridf;fhf ef;ry;ghup mikg;Gfshfpa ehq;fs;

njhlu;eJ
; NghuhLNthk;. <oj; jkpo; kf;fSf;F Jiz epw;Nghk;.
ru;NtNjr ghl;lhsp tu;f;fk; vd;w Kiwapy; xLf;F
KiwfSf;F vjpuhf <oj; jkpou;fSf;F Mjuthd
; elj;JNthk;.”10vd;W $wpdhu;.
Nghuhl;lq;fis njhlu;eJ

43
 Kj;Jf;Fkhupd; jpahfk;

,yq;if Nghupy; jkpopdg; gLnfhiyf;F vjpuhf

jkpofj;jpy; khztu;fspilNa eilngw;w Nghuhl;lj;jpd;
cr;rkhf Kj;Jf;Fkhupd; jpahfk; vd;Wk; epiyj;jpUf;Fk;.
khztu;fspd; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F ce;JjiyAk; mjd; Ntfj;ij
mjpfg;gLJjiyAk; Kj;Jf;Fkhupd; jpahf czu;T
nra;jUspaJ. khztu;fs; vd;why; czu;tw;w
tpiaahl;Lj;jdkhd nray;fis kl;Lk; nra;gtu;fs; vd;w
mtek;gpf;ifiag; Nghf;fp cz;ikf;fhfg; NghuhLgtu;fs;
vd;Wk; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;fhfj; jd; capiuAk; jUgtu;fs; vd;w
epiyg;ghl;ilAk; cyfpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;batu; eh.Kj;Jf;Fkhu;.
jd;Dapiuf; nfhLj;NjDk; jkPoj;ijg; ngw;W juNtz;Lk; vd;w
Ntl;ifahy; jd;DapiuAk; jd; nrhe;jge;jq;fshfpa <oj;
jkpou;f;fSf;F mu;gzpj;j Kj;Jf;Fkhu; ,Wjpahf tiue;j
fbj;jjpy;

“foj;jpy; epw;Fk; jkpoPo kf;fNs tpLjiyg; GypfNs

jkpopd czu;NthL jkpodha; tho;Nthk;”

 <oj;jkpou; ,d gpul;rizf;fhfg; gl;bdpg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd;

%yk; fsk; ,wq;fpapUf;Fk; rl;lf;fy;Y}up khztu;fNs cq;fs;
Nghuhl;lk; ntw;wpngw rf jkpodhf epd;W tho;j;JfpNwd;
cq;fNshL fsk; ,wq;f Kbahikf;F tUe;JfpNwd;. vd;Wk;
<oj; jkpou; gpur;rid vd;wpy;iy fhtpupapy; jz;zPu;
tplnrhy;Yk; Nghuhl;lnkd;whYk; rup jkpo;ehl;bw;fhjuthd
,g;Nghuhl;lk; VJthf ,Ue;jhYk; rup Kjypy; fsk;
fhz;gtu;fs; ePq;fSk; tof;fwpQru;fSk; jhd;.

44
  midj;J fz;fSk; ,g;NghJ Ky;iyj;jPit Nehf;fp
jha;j;jkpofk; czu;TG+u;tkhf cq;fs; gf;fk; jhd; epw;fpwJ.
NtW VjhtJ nra;a Ntz;Lk; vdTk; tpUk;GfpwJ Mdhy;
vd;d nra;tJ cq;fSf;F mike;jJ Nghd;w cd;djj;
jiytd; vq;fSf;fpy;iyNa Mdhy; ek;gpf;ifia kl;Lk;
iftplhjPu;fs; ,JNghd;w ifaUq;fhyq;fs; jhd; ek;ik capu;
njor;nra;Ak; jkpofj;jpypUe;J mg;gb xUtu; ,e;jf; fhyj;jpy;
cUthfyhk; mJtiu Gypfspd; fuq;fisg; gyg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
 1965 ,y; ele;j ,e;jp vjpu;g;Gg; Nghiur; rpy
Raeykpfspd; ifapy; xg;gilj;jhy; jhd; jkpof tuyhW
fw;fhyj;jpw;f;F ,Of;fg;gl;Ls;sJ me;jj; jtw;iw ePq;fs;
nra;J tplhjPu;fs; md;gpw;Fupa ru;tNjr r%fNk ek;gpf;fFwpa
xghkhNt cq;fs; kPJ vq;fSf;F ,d;Dk; ek;gpf;if
,Uf;fpwNjahdhy; ,iwahz;ik nfhz;l xU FbauR jk;
Fbkfid ,d xJf;fy; %ykhf nfhLikg;gLj;jhJ
vd;gjw;f;F ve;j cj;juthjKk; fpilahJ.
 ,e;jpah cldbahf jkpoPoj;jpd; gFjpapypUe;J jhd;
JUg;Gfisj; jpUk;g ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNjhL Nkw;nfhz;L
nraw;fi
; ff;Nfhs; Nghd;w cjtpfs; uhlhu; cjtpfisr;
nra;af;$lhJ vd;W ru;tNjr r%fj;jhy; fz;bf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk; ,yq;ifNahL ,e;jpah muR elj;Jk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtkw;w Ngr;Rg;gwpkhw;wq;fs; $l ru;tNjr r%fk;
%ykhfNt elf;f Ntz;Lk; jkpof kf;fsplk; cynfq;Fk;
gue;J thOk; <oj; jkpoPoj;jhuplKk; ,e;jpah gfpuq;f kd;dpg;G
Nfhu Ntz;Lk;.

 I.eh nghJr; nrayhsuhd ghd; fp %d; njhlu;e;J jhd;

jhafkhd rPdhtpw;F Mjuthd epiyg;gl;bypUe;J xU

45
 jiygl;rkhf nray;gl;L tUtjhy; <ok; njhlu;ghd
KbntLf;Fk; mjpfhuk; mtUf;F toq;fg;glf;$lhJ.

 ,yq;if muR ve;nje;j ehLfsplnky;yhk; Nfhug;gl;L Gypfs;

kPJ jil tpjpf;fg;gl;lNjh me;je;j ehLfspy; Gypfs; kPjhd
jil ePf;fg;gl;L jilr; nra;ag;gl;l mikg;gpd; cWg;gpdu;
vd;w Fw;wj;jpu;f;fhf rpiwapUf;Fk; mjd; cWg;gpdu;fs;
ve;jtpj epge;jidAkw;W cldbahf tpLjiyr; nra;ag;gl
Ntz;Lk;.

 Gypfspd; kPjhd gh];Nghu;l; njhlu;ghd Fw;wq;fs;

kd;dpf;fg;gl;L mtu;fs; tpLjiy nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

 GypfNshL njhlu;GilaJ vd;Dk; Fw;wr;rhl;bd; Ngupy; jil

nra;ag;gl;l njhopy; epWtdq;fspd; cupkk; kPz;Lk;
mspf;fg;gLtNjhL jf;f el;l <Lk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd
gjpide;J epge;jidfis itj;jJld; jdJ capiu
jkpoPoj;jpw;f;fhfTk; jkpoPo kf;fSf;fhfTk; jpahfk;
nra;Js;shu;

 tpjpNa tpjpNa vd; nra; epidj;jpl;lha; vd; jkpo; rhjpia

vd;W Jtq;Fk; eh.Kj;Jf;Fkhupd; fbjk; epidtpUf;fpwjh ?

 jk; ,dj;jpw;f;fhf kl;Lk; ftiyg;glhky; jk; ,dj;jpw;f;fhf

kl;Lk; ePjp Nfl;fhky; rpq;fs kf;fSf;fhfTk; cz;ikahfTk;
ftiyg;gl;L ePjp Nfl;l fbjk; mJ.

 2009 Mk; Mz;L [dtup khjk; 29 Mk; jpfjp tpahof;fpoik

Gtp ntg;gkakhjypd; Gz;zpaj;jhy; ntapy; nfhYj;jpa fhiy
nghOJ Clftpayhsuhd Kj;Jf;Fkhu; nrd;id
Eq;fk;ghf;fj;jpy; cs;s rh];jpup gtDf;F te;J mtu; vLj;J
te;jpUe;j fbjq;fis nghWikahf mq;fpUe;j kf;fSf;F

46
 tpepNahfpj;Jtpl;L <oj;jkpou;fis fhg;ghw;wf;Nfhup Kof;fkpl;L
kz;vz;nzia clypy; Cw;wp jPia gw;witj;jhu; gpd;du;
fPo;g;ghf;fk; kUj;Jtf;fy;Y}upapy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;L rpfpr;ir
gydpd;wp md;Nw ,we;Jk; Nghdhu; Mdhy; md;W kjpaj;jpw;Fs;
mtupd; fbjk; cynfq;Fk; gutp khztu;fs; tof;fwpQu;fs;
jpiug;gl cjtp ,af;Fdu;fs; tzpfu;fs; kj;jpapy; kpfg;ngupa
vOr;rpia Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

 murpay; vd;why; vd;dntd;Nw njupahj cyfkakhf;fSf;Fg;

gpwF gpwe;jtu;fs; mtupd; fbjj;jhy; ce;jg;gl;L
jz;nzOr;rpahfg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,wq;fpdhu; jkpo; ehl;bd;
midj;J %is KLf;fpypUe;Jk; fhytiuapd;wp %lg;gl;lJ
g]; kwpay; uapy; kwpay; vd nkhj;jj; jkpofKk; Nghuhl;lf;
fskhf khwpaJ.

 JUg;gpbj;jf; fhyhtjpahd ngupa murpay; ,af;fq;fs;

Kj;Jf;Fkhupd; cliy ifg;gw;wtplhky; khztu;fSk;
,isQu;fSk; rpW ,af;fq;fSk; mtupd; clYf;F fhtyhf
,Ue;jdu; mg;NghJ czu;r;rp trg;gl;l kdepiyapy; ,Ue;j
khztu;fs; jkpo; <o tp\aj;jpy; xU KbT njupahky;
Kj;Jf;Fkhupd; cliy mlf;fk; nra;atplkhl;Nlhk; vd;wdu;
Kj;Jf;Fkhupd; vz;zKk; mJthfNt ,Ue;jJ.

Kj;Jf;Fkhu; jd; ,Wjp fbjj;jpy; ,g;gb vOjp ,Ue;jhu;

vd; cliy fhty;Jiw mlf;fk; nra;Jtpl KaYk;
tplhjPu;fs; vd; gpzj;ijf; ifg;gw;wp mij Gijf;fky; xU
JUg;Gr; rPl;lhf itj;JUe;J Nghuhl;lj;ijf;
$u;ikg;gLj;Jq;fs;”11 vd;W <og;Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jhd; ,we;j
gpd;Dk; jd; cly; NghuhLk; vd;gij njspthfr;
Rl;bf;fhl;bapUe;jhu;. jkpof khztu;fSk; mtuJ

47
vz;zq;fis jhq;fpf; nfhz;L Nghuhl;lj;jpy; tOg;ngw;W
,Wjptiu Nghuhbte;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.

KbTiu
,yq;ifapy; njhlq;fpa NghH gy ,yl;r jkpoHfisf;
nfhd;W Ftpj;jJ. ,jw;F Mjuthf ,e;jpa muRk;
nray;gl;lJ. ,yq;ifapy; thOk; jkpoHfSf;F Mjuthf
cyfpy; cs;s midj;J jkpoHfSk; Fuy; vOgg;gpdH.
mUfpy; ,Uf;Fk; jkpoH ehl;ilr;NrHe;j jkpodpk; gy;NtWgl;l
Nghuhl;lq;fis Kd;ndLj;jJ. Fwpg;ghf khztHfspd;
Nghuhl;lq;fs; kj;jpa muir cYf;fpaJ vdyhk;. tzpf
rq;fq;fs;> nghJ kf;fs;> muR CopaHfs; fl;rp gpuKfHfs;>
vd midtUk; ,yq;if jkpoHfSf;F MjuthfTk; ,yq;if
rpq;fsHfspd; ntwpr;nraiyf;fz;bj;Jk; gy;NtWg;
Nghuhl;lq;fis Kd;ndLj;jdH. ,tHfspd; Nghuhl;lq;fs;
,yq;ifapy; NghH epWj;jk; nfhz;L tur; rpWj; JUk;ghf
cjtpapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

48
 mbf;Fwpg;G

tiyjsk;

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3. https://ta.m.wikipedia.com
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5. thipaselvan.blogspot.in
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7. https://aathavan2.wordpress.com
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9. oviya.blogspot.in
10. NkyJ
11. muranpaadukal.blogspot.in

49
 ,ay; %d;W

jk;kk;gl;b Kfhk; mikg;Gk; tho;tpay;

rpf;fy;fs;
jk;kk;gl;b ,yq;if mfjp Kfhk; vd;gJ Muk;gfhyj;jpy;
mjhtJ 1990 Mk; Mz;L ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;J te;jtu;fis
,uhNk];tuk; mfjpfs; KfhkpypUe;J gy;NtWgl;l muRf;F
nrhe;jkhd ,lq;fSf;F khw;wg;gl;ldu;. mtw;wpy; xd;whd
Nryk; khtl;lj;ijr; Nru;e;j jk;kk;gl;b ,yq;if mfjpfs;
Kfhkpy; tho;fpwtu;fis gy;NtWgl;l rpf;fy;fSf;F
Ml;gl;Ls;sdu;. mtu;fspd; tho;tpay; rhu;ej
; rpf;fy;fis
,t;tpay; Muha;fpwJ.

mfjpfs; Kfhk;

mfjpfs; Kfhk; vd;gJ gy;NtWgl;l

gpur;ridfshy; jd;nrhe;j ehl;by; tho Kbahky; mz;il
ehl;bw;F tUNthiu mz;il ehLfs; tuNtw;W mtu;fs;
thoj;jFjpahd R+oiy Vw;g muRf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd ,lj;jpy;
Fbaku;j;jg;gl;L itf;fg;gLk; mt;thW ,lj;jpw;F mfjpfs;
Kfhk; vd;W ngau;.

jk;kk;gl;b Kfhk;

,yq;ifapy; vOe;jg; Nghupd; fhuzkhf ,yq;ifapy;

tho Kbahky; mfjpfshf gyu; ,uhNk];tuk; kw;Wk;
jkpofj;jpd; gy;NtW gFjpf;F te;j ,yq;if jkpo; mfjpfis
jkpof muR ,uhNk];tuj;jpy; jq;fitj;jJ. gpd; ,l
neUf;fbapd; fhuzkhf mtu;fs; jkpofj;jpd; gy;NtW
gFjpfspy; Fbaku;j;jg;gl;ldu;. mt;thW Nryk; khtl;lk;>

50
nfq;fty;yp jhYfh jk;kk;gl;b mUfpYs;s ehfpak;gl;b
fpuhkj;ijr; Nru;e;j Nrhg;G kz;b vd;Dk; fhLkiyfshy;
R+og;gl;l ,lk; xd;wpy; jkpo; mfjpfSf;nfd;W jkpof murhy;
mfjpfs; Kfhk; xd;iw muR epWtpaJ.

jk;kk;gl;b mfjpfs; Kfhk; mikg;Gk; Vw;gLk; rpf;fy;fSk;

FbapUg;G rhu;e;j rpf;fy;fs;

,yq;ifapy; gy;NtWgl;l epyg;gug;Gfisf; nfhz;L

tho;e;j kf;fspdJ tho;thdJ ,q;F gj;Jf;F gj;J mb
msT tPLfisf; nfhz;L thOk; epiy Vw;gl;lJ. mj;Jld;
Kfhk; vd;whNy mq;F ,q;F vd;W tPL mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fhJ
xNu njUtpy; 15 tPLfs; neUf;fk; neUf;fkhf
mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. KOikahd trjpfs; vJTk;
mike;jpUf;fhJ. vt;tsT ngupa FLk;gkhf ,Ue;jhYk; me;j
tPl;bw;Fs; jhd; tho;e;jhf Ntz;Lk;.

fy;tp rhu;e;jr; rpf;fy;fs;

gs;sp fy;tp Nghd;w gy tpj tha;g;Gfs; mtu;fSf;F

kWf;fg;gl;lJ. rpwpJ fhyj;jpw;F gpd; gs;spr; nrd;W fy;tp
fw;f jkpof muR tha;g;Gfs; toq;fpaJ. mfjpfs;
midtUk; fy;tp fw;gjpy; rpf;fy;fs; Vw;gl;lJ. mtu;fSf;Fupa
fy;tp rhd;wpjo;fs; ,d;ikahy; mtu;fspd; Foe;ijfs; fy;tp
fw;gij njhlu;eJ
; gapy Kbahky; Muk;g epiy gbg;ghfpa
xd;whk; tFg;gpypUe;J njhlq;f Ntz;ba R+oy; cUthfpaJ.
,it jtpu mfjp Kfhkpy; tho;gtu;fs; jpdk; jpdk; Gjpa
rpf;fy;fisr; re;jpj;J tUfpwhu;fs;.

“fy;tp epiyahdJ Kfhk; tho; kf;fspd; tho;tpy; ngUk;

Nghuhl;l epiyahf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy;

51
fy;tp KiwahdJ gy;NtWgl;l tifapy; Kd;Ndwp ,Ue;jhOk;
mfjpahf jkpofk; te;j ,yq;if jkpo; khztu;fSf;F
,d;Wk; vl;lhj fdpahfNt ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd. Muk;gj;jpy;
Kfhkpy; gs;spfs; fpilahJ. ntspapy; nrd;W fy;tp gapy
Ntz;Lk; vd;whYk; $l mtu;fshy; Nru;e;J gapy ,ayhj
R+oy; cUthfpAs;sJ. mk;khztu;fspy; gyUf;Fg;
gs;spr;rhd;wpjy; fpilahJ. Mifahy; mtu;fSf;F mfjp
Kfhikr; rhu;e;jtu;fNs fy;tp fw;Wf;nfhLj;jdu;.

rpy tUlq;fs; fopj;J Kfhkpy; gs;sp fl;lg;gl;lJ.

mg;gs;spahdJ njhlf;fg;gs;spahf Muk;gkhdJ. mq;F ,e;jpa
khztu;fSk; fy;tp fw;wdu; .gpd; 6 tFg;Gf;F Nky; jk;kk;gl;b
muR Mz;fs;> muR ngz;fs; gs;spapy; Nru;e;J fy;tp fw;f
mDkjp toq;fg;gl;lJ. mq;Fk; jkpou;fs; ,tu;fis ,yq;if
mfjpfs; vd;W Vydkhf ghu;j;jdu; Mrpupau;fs; cl;gl
midtu; kdjpYk; mk;khztu;fs; kjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,jd;
fhudkhf gyu; fy;tp fw;f;fhJ ,il epWj;jk; nra;jhu;fs; gpw
khztu;fs; nra;fpd;w jtUfSf;F ,k;khztu;fs; Fw;wk;
rhl;lg;gl;ldu;. gpw khztu;fisg; Nghy; my;yhJ jdpj;J
itf;fg;gl;bUe;jdu;. mk;khztu;fs; tpisahl;L> vd; v]; v];
Nghd;w rpwg;GtFg;Gfspy; ,Ue;J gpd; js;sg;gl;lhu;fs;. cau;
fy;tp gbg;ig Kbj;J tpl;L fy;Y}upapy; Nru Ntz;Lk;
vd;whYk; $l mtu;fshy; gpbj;j Jiwia vLj;J gbf;f
,ayhj epiy Vw;gLfpwJ. mJkl;Lkpd;wp muR rk;ke;jkhd
NtiyfSf;Fg; gbf;fNth Nju;T vOjNth Kbahj epiy
cs;sJ. <o mfjp khztu;fs; vd;gjhy; khztu;fSf;fhd
vt;tpj muR cjtpAk; fpilg;gjpy;iy.”1

52
fl;Lg;Lj;jg;gl;l tho;f;if Kiw

Kfhkpw;F te;j njhlf;fj;jpy; gy tpj xLf;F

KiwfSf;F mk;kf;fs; Mshf;fg;gl;ldu;. Fwpg;gpl;l rpy kzp
Neuj;jpw;Fg;gpwF Kfhik tpl;L ntspapy; nry;y mtu;fSf;F
mDkjp kWf;fg;gl;lJ. mtu;fs; vq;F nrd;whYk; mjhtJ
cwtpdu; tPl;Lf;Nfh my;yJ njupe;jtu;fisg; ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;whNyh Kfhkpd; nghWg;ghf cs;s ,e;jpa murpd; fhty;
Jiw kw;Wk; tUtha;j;Jiw gpuptpdupd; mDkjp ngw;w
gpd;dNu Kfhik tpl;L ntspNaw Ntz;Lk;. xU Ntiyiaj;
Njb nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;whYk; $l mDkjp Nfhug;gl
Ntz;Lk;. gjpNtl;by; nry;Yk; ,lk;> Neuk; jpUk;gp tUk; Neuk;>
njhiyNgrp vz; Nghd;wit Fwpj;J tpl;L ifnag;gk; itj;J
tpl;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

”Kfhkpy; rz;il tuhj ehl;fNs fpilahJ ngupatu;

Kjy; rpwpatu; tiu ,tu;fspy; ahu; %ykhtJ VjhtJ xU
gpul;riz te;J tpLk;. mjid Kfhk; nghWg;ghsuplk; nfhz;L
nry;Yk; Kd; f;A+ gpupT fhty; mjpfhupfs; te;J Nru;tu;.
fhty; JiwapdUld; te;J vd;d gpul;rid vd;W Nfl;gjpy;iy
te;j Ntfj;jpy; ahiuahtJ Nghl;L mbg;gJ ‘mdhijfsh
mq;F gpiof;f Kbahky; jhNd ,q;F capiu
fhg;ghw;wpf;nfhs;s te;jPu;fs; capUld; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkh
Ntz;lhkh’ vd;W jtwhd thu;j;ijfspy; vy;yhk; jpl;Lthu;fs;
mt;tjpfhupfs; ngz;fis nay;yhk; thapy; te;j
thu;j;ijfspy; jpl;Lthu;fs; Kbe;jhy; gpul;rzidf;Ff;
fhuzkhdtiug; NghyP]; epiyaj;jpw;F mioj;Jr; nrd;W
mtu;fsJ Nfhgk; jPUk; tiu mbj;J tpl;L fhiyapy; nfhz;L
te;J tpLtJ Nghd;w nray;fisr; nra;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jdu;.

53
gy Neuq;fspy; ,uT KOJk; J}q;f tplhJ fjTfisj; jl;b
midtiuAk; Kfhkpd; Kd; gFjpf;F tur; nra;J tprhuiz
nra;thu;fs;.”2

mjpf gl;rkhf ,k;Kfhkpy; 1000 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;ltu;fs;

,Ue;jdu;. Foe;ijfs; ngupatu;fs; tajhdtu;fs; ngz;fs;
vd Nryk; khtl;lj;jpy; kf;fs; njhif mjpfk; cs;s mfjp
Kfhk; vd;why; ,J jhd; ,tu;fsJ nfhLik jhq;fhky; rpyu;
NtW Kfhkpw;F gjpT khw;wpr; nrd;W cs;shu;fs;.

mbg;gil rpf;fy;fs;

rupahd fy;tp trjp fpilahJ> njhopy;> FbePu;>

kUj;Jtk; fopg;gplk; Nghd;w trjpfs; Fiwthf ,Ue;jJ.
ed;F Ntiy nra;gtu;fs; $l ntspapy; nrd;W Ntiy ghu;f;f
Kbahj fl;lhak; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; ,tu;fSf;nfd
muR khjk; khjk; toq;Fk; nrhw;gnjhifiaf;nfhz;L tho
Kbahky; ;jhopy; nra;ayhk; vd;why; mjw;Fk; ,t;tuR
jilahf cs;sJ.

”gzf;nfhilia itj;J vj;jid ehs; jhd; FLk;gj;ij

elj;JtJ mjdhy; ntspapy; Ntiyf;F nry;tnjd;whYk;
gjptpid khw;wr;;nrhy;yp tl;lhl;rpau; $Wtu;. mJkl;Lky;yhJ
mbf;fb VjhtnjhU Neha; te;J tpLk; mtruj;jpw;F xU
Muk;g Rfhjhuepiyak; nrd;why; $l Kfhk; KOJk;
mq;Fjhd; ,Ug;ghu;fs; mq;F ,Ug;gtu;fs; Vsdkha; ghu;j;J
‘,Jq;f ,g;gb jhd; Fspf;fhJq;f rupah Jzpkj;jhJq;f
Rj;jkh ,Uf;fhJq;f’ vd;W Kfj;ijr; Ropj;Jf;nfhz;L
nkhdnkhdj;Jf;nfhz;L ,Ug;ghu;fs;.”3

54
 mJkl;bkpd;wp murpd; khjk; 5 ypl;lu; kz;nzz;nza;
muprp FLk;gj;jpy; ,Ug;gtu;fs; nghWj;J toq;fg;gLk;.
mj;Jld; cSe;J gUg;G Nghd;wit toq;fg;gLk;. Muk;gj;jpy;
toq;fpa mNj msT ,d;W tiu filgpbj;JtUtJ czT
gw;whf;Fiwia Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

Rfhjhu epiy Kfhkpy; cs;s epWtdq;fs; xd;W Nru;e;J

thuk; xU Kiw Kfhk; Rw;Wg;Gwk; Rj;jk; nra;a mDkjp
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; %d;W khjq;fSf;F xU Kiw
Kfhk; kf;fSf;F mbf;fb fha;r;ry; > if fhy;typ
Nghd;wit Vw;gLtjhy; mUfpy; cs;s kUj;Jtu;fs;
gupNrhjid nra;a mDkjp toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ FbePu;
gw;whf;Fiw rpwpjsT Fiwe;Js;sJ 4 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G
jz;zPu; Fbf;f Rj;jkhf ,y;yhjjhy; 2 fpNyhkPl;lu;
nrd;Wjhd; jz;zPu; gpbf;f Ntz;baJ ,Ue;jJ mJTk; 4
khjk; njhlu;eJ
; mjpYk; gyg; gpul;rizfs; KfhkpYk;
Kfhkpw;F ntspapYk; Vw;gl;ld ,d;W mit Fiwe;J cs;sJ

jpUkzk; rhu;e;j rpf;fy;fs;

,yq;ifapypUe;J mfjpahf te;j Kfhk; kf;fspy;

ahNuDk; jkpofj;ijr; Nru;e;j xU MizNah ngz;izNah
jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhy; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijf;F ,uz;L
ehl;bd; FbAupikAk; fpilf;fhJ <oj;jtiuNa jpUkzk;
nra;J nfhz;lhy; nrd;idapy; cs;s ,yq;ifj;
J}jufj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W Foe;ijf;F ,yq;iff; FbAupik
toq;fg;gLk;. NkYk; Kfhkpw;F tUk; f;A+ gpupT mjpfhupfs;
Kfhk; kf;fsplk; ,e;jpa ngz;izNah MizNah jpUkzk;
nra;jhy; mtu;fSf;fhd gjpT ePf;fk; nra;J tpLthu;.

55
 VjhtJ gpul;rizapd; fhuzkhfNth my;yJ VNjDk;
rpy ehl;fs; jq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W kPz;Lk; jha; tPl;bUf;F
mjhtJ Kfhkpw;F mtu;fs; te;jhNyh mtu;fSf;F ,Uf;f
mDkjp toq;fg;gl khl;lhJ. mtu;fs; Kfhkpy; ,Uf;fpd;w
ehl;fs; vj;jid vd;gjid Kfhk; nghUg;gsuplk; gjpT
nra;ag;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

jkpof muR toq;Fk; ,yq;if mfjpfSf;fhd tho;tpay;

rpf;fSf;fhd jPHT Kaw;rpfs;.

Kfhk; mikg;G

jk;kk;gl;b Kfhk; fhLfshy; R+og;gl;l kiy mbthuj;jpy;

jkpof muRf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ. Rkhu;
330-Fk; Nkw;gl;l tPLfs; mq;Ff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. tPLfs;
xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf xl;ba jhu; rPl;Lfshy; $iufshy; Md
tPLfshf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mt;thW fl;lg;gl;l tPLfs; xU
iyd; 15 tPLfs; vd;w mikg;gpy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. xt;nthU
FLk;gj;jpw;f;Fk; xt;nthU tPLfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

tPL kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;

“Kfhk;fspy; kf;fs; trpg;gjw;F Muk;gj;jpy; gj;Jf;F

gj;J vd;w mstpy; jw;fhypf FbapUg;Gfs; Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. njhlu;eJ
; te;j fhyq;fspy; mit XusT
epue;ju tPLfshf mikj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,J
midj;J Kfhk;fspYk; KOikahf eilngwtpy;iy. ,d;Dk;
xU rpy Kfhk;fspYk; tPLfspd; Njit ,Ue;J nfhz;L jhd;
cs;sJ. muRk; njhlu;eJ
; tPLfs; mikg;G> jpUj;jk; Nghd;w
gzpfis nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. xU rpy Kfhk;fspy;
njhz;L epWtdq;fSld; ,ize;Jk; tPLfs; mikj;Jf;

56
nfhLj;jy; kw;Wk; jpUj;jg; gzpapid muR Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
NkYk; kf;fspd; mtrpa Njitfis nra;Js;sJ. foptiw
kw;Wk; Fopayiwfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; muR kl;Lkpd;wp
Kfhk;fspy; gzpahw;wpLk; njhz;L epWtdq;fspd; %yKk;
nra;J nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ePu; NjitAk; Muk;gj;jpy;
jl;Lg;ghl;LlDk; ,d;iwa R+oYf;F Vw;g ,ad;wtiu
murpdhy; KOikahf nra;J nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tPLfs;>
Rfhjhu trjp kw;Wk; ePu; trjpfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; rpy
,lq;fspy; Njitfs; ,Ug;gpDk; cs;Su; kf;fSld; xg;gpLk;
NghJ XusT Nkk;gl;l epiyNa jk;kk;gl;b mfjpfs; Kfhkpy;
fhzg;gLfpwJ.”4

kpd;rhu trjp

mfjpkf;fs; gad;gLj;jpLtjw;fhf ,ytr kpd;rhuk;

toq;fg;gLfpwJ. kpd;rhuj;jpw;fhd nrytpdq;fisj; jkpof
kWtho;Tj;JiwNa Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. mfjpfs; ahUk;
kpd;gad;ghl;bw;fhd njhifiar; nrYj;j Ntz;bajpy;iy.
Mdhy; ,tu;fs; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd kpd;rhu msT murpdhy;
epu;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cjtpj;njhif

,yq;ifj; jkpou;fs; jq;fsJ md;whl Njitfisg; G+u;j;jp

nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhf murpdhy; 1990k; Mz;Lfspy; khjk;
xd;wpw;F &.144 Mf nfhLf;fg;gl;l cjtpj; njhif njhlu;e;J
te;j fhyq;fspy; 288> 400 vd khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;Lj; jw;NghJ>
FLk;gj; jiytu; xUtUf;F &.1000 Kk;> 12 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l
FLk;gj; jiytu; my;yhjtu;fSf;F &.750 Kk; 12 tajpw;Ff;
fPNo cs;s Foe;ijfSf;F &.400 Kk; Mf toq;fg;gLfpwJ

57
khdpa tpiy czTg; nghUl;fs;

khdpa tpiy czTg; nghUl;fisg; nghWj;j tiuapy;

vl;L taJ G+u;j;jpaile;jtu;fisg; ngupatu;fs; vdf; fzf;fpy;
nfhz;L ngupatu;fSf;F khjhe;NjhWk; 12 fpNyh muprpAk;
Foe;ijfSf;F khjhe;N;jhWk; MW fpNyh muprpAk; ,ytrkhf
toq;fg;gLfpwJ. muprpf;F kf;fsplk; ,Ue;J 57 igrh gzk;
ngwg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; jw;NghJ xU FLk;gj;jpw;F 20 fpNyh
tiuapYk; Kw;wpYk; ,ytrkhfNt toq;fg;gLfpwJ. kpFjpahd
muprpf;F kl;Lk; ,e;jj; njhif ngwg;gLfpwJ.

“kz;nzd;nza;> rPdp> NfhJik> ghkhapy;> cSe;J>

gUg;G Nghd;w Vida nghUl;fSk; ruhrupahfj; jkpof Nurd;
ml;ilj;jhuu;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; khdpa tpiyapNyNa
toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,tw;wpy; kz;nzd;nza; kw;Wk; rPdp kl;LNk
Muk;g fhyq;fspy; mfjp kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;L te;jJ.
Vida nghUl;fs; midj;Jk; fle;j rpy tUlq;fshfNt
mfjp kf;fSf;Fk; tpupTgLj;jg;gl;L toq;fg;gLfpwJ.”5

Milfs;> ghj;jpuq;fs;

Mz;bw;nfhUKiw murpdhy; Jzpkzpfs; toq;fg;gl;L

te;jJ. fle;j rpy Mz;Lfshf Jzpkzpfspd; kjpg;gpw;fhd
$g;gd; kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;L mtw;iwf; nfhz;L Nfh-Mg;
nlf;]; - y; kf;fs; jq;fSf;F Ntz;ba Jzpfis vLj;Jf;
nfhs;tjw;F top nra;J nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mz;fs; vdpy;
Ntl;b> Jz;L> gzpad;> gha;> ngl;rPl; Nghd;wit
thq;Ftjw;Fk;> ngz;fs; vdpy; Nriy> ghthil> [hf;nfl;>
ngl;rl
P ;> Jz;L> gha; Nghd;wit thq;Ftjw;Fk; murpdhy;
epu;zapf;fg;gl;l tpiyapy; $g;gd;fs; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,Nj
Nghd;W rpWtu;fSf;Fk; mtu;fSf;Fupa Milfs;
58
thq;Ftjw;fhd $g;gd;fs; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,tw;iwf; nfhz;L
kf;fs; jq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd Milfis thq;fpf; nfhs;s
,aYk;. ,uz;L tUlj;jpw;F xU Kiw murpdhy; &.250
kjpg;Gs;s mYkpdpa ghj;jpuq;fs; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,it jtpu
jkpof kf;fSf;F eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; murpd; ngUk;ghyhd
r%f eyg; ghJfhg;G eyj;jpl;lq;fs; ,yq;ifj; jkpou;fSf;Fk;
tpupTgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

 Kj;Jyl;Rkp nul;b kfg;NgW cjtpj; jpl;lk;

 jpUkz cjtpj; jpl;lk;

 ngz; Foe;ijfs; ghJfhg;Gj; jpl;lk;

 Mjutw;NwhUf;fhd cjTj;njhif

 khw;Wj; jpwdhspfSf;fhd cjTj;njhif

 tpjitau;fSf;fhd cjTnjhif

 ijay; njupe;j ngz;fSf;F ,ytr ijay; ,ae;jpuk;

toq;Fjy;

 Kjy;tupd; kUj;jtf; fhg;gPl;Lj; jpl;lk;

 ,Wjpr;rlq;fpw;fhd cjtpj;njhif

Nghd;w muR eyj;jpl;lq;fs; ,yq;ifj; jkpou;fSf;Fj; jkpof

muRj; jpl;lq;fis tpupTgLj;jpAs;sJ.

fy;tp

Muk;gf; fy;tp

,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;J mfjpahf tUk; khztu;fs; ve;j

tpj cupa Mtzq;fSk; ,y;yhky; ngw;Nwhu;fs; toq;Fk;

59
cWjp nkhopapd; mbg;gilapy; gs;spj; jiyikahrpupaupd;
xg;GjYld; gs;spfspy; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;ldu;. Muk;gf;
fy;tp Kjy; 12k; tFg;G tiuapy; muRg; gs;spfspy;
,ytrkhff; fy;tpiaj; njhlu mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldu;. jkpof
khztu;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; ,ytrg; ghlg;Gj;jfk;>
Fwpg;NgLfs;> kpjptz;b> kbf;fzpdp Nghd;witAk; mfjp
khztu;fSf;Fk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

cau;epiyf; fy;tp

fy;Y}upf; fy;tpf;F Muk;g fhyj;jpy; rpwg;G ,l xJf;fPL

toq;fg;gl;L nghwpapay; fy;tpapy; gj;J ,lq;fs;> kUj;Jt
fy;tpapy; gj;J ,lq;fs;> rl;lg; gbg;gpy; Ie;J ,lq;fs;>
Ntshz; fy;Y}upapy; Ie;J ,lq;fs;> gy;njhopw;El;gf;
fy;Y}upapy; 20 ,lq;fs; vd mfjp khztu;fSf;F tha;g;Gfs;
toq;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; nrd;id cau; ePjpkd;wj;jpy;
njhlug;gl;l xU tof;fpy; toq;fg;gl;l jPu;g;igaLj;J ,e;jr;
rpwg;G ,l xJf;fL
P fs; epWj;jg;gl;lJ. rpy Mz;Lfs;
,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjp khztu;fs; nghwpapay; kw;Wk;
kUj;Jtf; fy;tpiaj; njhlu ,ayhj epiy ,Ue;jJ.
njhlu;eJ
; te;j fhyq;fspy; jkpof murpd; cjtpNahL
nghwpapay; fy;tpf;fhd tha;g;Gfs; fpilf;fg;ngw;whYk; ,d;W
tiu muR kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upfspy; ,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjp
khztu;fs; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLtJ ,y;iy. xU rpy
khztu;fs; kl;Lk; jdpahu; kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}upfspy; gapd;W
tUfpd;wdu;.

jkpo;ehl;by; gs;spf; fy;tpia epiwT nra;Ak; ,yq;ifj;

jkpo; mfjp khztu;fSk; nghwpapay; fy;Y}upfSf;fhd
nghJf; fye;jha;tpy; nghJg; gpuptpd; fPo; fye;J nfhs;syhk;

60
 vd;W jkpof murpdhy; cj;jutplg;gl;lJ. ,jidj; njhlu;e;J
jFjpAs;s ,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjp khztu;fs; nghwpapay;
fy;tpf;fhd nghJf; fye;jha;tpy; fye;J nfhz;L nghwpapay;
fy;tpiaj; njhlu;e;J tUfpd;wdu;.

jkpof murpd; fy;tp njhlu;ghd cjtpfs;

 Kfhk;fspNyNa mq;fd;thb ikak;

 ,ytrg; gs;spf; fy;tp

 tpiyapy;yh kpjptz;b

 tpiyapy;yh kbf;fzpdp

 KjyhtJ jiyKiw nghwpapay; khztu;fSf;F &.20>000

fy;tp cjtp

 cau;fy;tp gapy;NthUf;Ff; fy;tp cjtp

Nghd;w jkpof kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; fy;tp

cjtpj;jpl;lq;fSk; jw;NghJ ,yq;ifj; jkpou;fSf;Fk;
toq;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

Ntiy tha;g;G

mfjp kf;fSf;F vdr; rpwg;G Ntiy tha;g;Gfs; vJTk;

murpdhy; cUthf;fpf; nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iy. Muk;gf;
fhyq;fspy; Ntiy tha;g;gpw;fhf Kfhkpid tpl;L ntspNa
nry;tjw;fhd fl;Lg;ghLfs; ,Ue;jJ. jw;NghJ mit
gbg;gbahff; Fiwe;Js;sJ. Kfhk;fspd; miktplj;jpw;Nfw;g
jq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; Ntiyfis mfjp kf;fs; nra;J

61
tUfpd;wdu;. Fwpg;ghf tz;zg; G+r;Rg; gzpfspy; ngUk;ghyhd
mfjp kf;fs; <LgLfpd;wdu;. gbj;j rpyu; jdpahu;
epWtdq;fspy; gzp Gupfpd;wdu;. mfjp kf;fSf;F muR Ntiy
tha;g;Gf;fhd mDkjpfs; ,y;iy. rpy Neuq;fspy; jFjp
,Ue;Jk; $l jdpahu; epWtdq;fspy; mfjp vd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;
Ntiy tha;g;G kWf;Fk; rk;gtq;fSk; cz;L. Kfhk;fspy;
gzpahw;wp tUk; njhz;L epWtdq;fs; rpy njhopw;gapw;rpfs;
toq;fp rpW njhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;fhd cjtpfs; toq;Ffpd;wd.

jzpf;if mDkjpfs;

“Muk;g fhyq;fspy; mfjp kf;fs; FbapUg;Gfs; ghJfhg;G

tyaq;fs; Nghd;Nw ,aq;fpd. xt;nthU KfhkpYk; fhty;Jiw
mYtyu;fs;> Gydha;Tj;Jiw mYtyu;fs; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
mtu;fspd; mDkjp ngw;Nw ntspNa nry;y Ntz;Lk;.
khiyf;Fs; ,Ug;gplk; jpUk;g Ntz;Lk; Nghd;w fl;Lg;ghLfs;
,Ue;jJ. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; fl;Lg;ghLfs; Fiwe;J> mfjp
kf;fSk; jkpof kf;fisg; Nghd;Nw elkhLk; epiy
Vw;gl;bUe;jhYk; $l> ,d;Wk; mfjp kf;fis muR mjpfhupfs;
jzpf;if vd;Dk; fzf;nfLf;Fk; Kiw eilKiwapy;
cs;sJ. xt;nthU khjKk; Kjy; kw;Wk; %d;whk; Qhapw;Wf;
fpoikfspy; Kfhk; tUtha; Ma;thsu; kw;Wk; Gydha;Tj;
Jiwapduhy; mfjp kf;fs; fzf;nfLg;G eilngWk;. ,jpy;
midj;J kf;fSk; jtwhJ r%fkspf;f Ntz;Lk;.”6 ,d;Wk;
rpy Kfhk;fspy; Kfhk;fSf;Fs;Ns Kfhk;fSf;Fs;NsNa
Gydha;Tj;Jiw> fhty;Jiw Nghd;Nwhupd; fz;fhzpg;G
cs;sJ. mfjp kf;fs; Kfhkpid tpl;L ntspA+u;fSf;Fr;
nry;tjhapd; tl;lhl;rpauplk; mDkjp ngw;Nw nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

62
milahs ml;il

“,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjpfSf;F mtu;fspd; mbg;gil

tpguq;fs; kw;Wk; FLk;gg; Gifg;glj;Jld; $ba FLk;g
milahs ml;ilfs; toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjpfs;
vd;W kz;lgk; Kfhkpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l clNd ,j;jifa
milahs ml;ilfs; toq;fg;gLk;. fle;j 2007 Mk; Mz;L
Kjy; Kfhk;fspy; cs;s mfjp kf;fSf;Fj; jdpegu;
milahs ml;ilfs; toq;fg;gl;lJ.”7 mfjp kf;fspd;
tpguq;fs; KOikahfr; Nrfupf;fg;gl;Lj; Njrpaj; jfty;
ikaj;jpd; cjtpAld; milahs ml;ilfs; jahupf;fg;gl;L
kWto;Tj;Jiw kw;Wk; khtl;l epu;thfj;jpd; %yk;
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;jpa murpd; jpl;lkhd Mjhu; milahs ml;ilfs; toq;Fk;

jpl;lj;jpd; fPOk; milahs ml;ilfs; ,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjp
kf;fSf;Fk; gjpT nra;J toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

njhz;L epWtdq;fSk; cjtpfSk;

„,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjp kf;fspilNa gzp nra;tjhapd;

jkpof murpd; kWtho;Tj;Jiw mDkjp ngw;Nw gzpfisj;
njhlu KbAk;. me;j tifapy; gy;NtW njhz;L epWtdq;fs;
jkpof murpd; kWtho;Tj;Jiwapd; mDkjpAld; ,yq;ifj;
jkpo; mfjp kf;fSf;F kWtho;Tg; gzpfisr; nra;J
tUfpd;wd. mtw;Ws; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xU rpy njhz;L
epWtdq;fs; gzpahw;wp tUfpd;wd.‟8

<o Vjpypau; kWtho;Tf; fofk;

“<o Vjpypau; kWtho;Tf; fofk; vd;gJ ,yq;ifj; jkpo;

mfjp kf;fSf;fhf ,yq;ifj; jkpo; kf;fshy; elj;jg;gl;L
63
tUk; njhz;L epWtdk; MFk;. Muk;gf; fhyk; KjNy
,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjp Kfhk;fspy; gzp nra;J tUfpwJ.
FOf; fl;likg;Gfs;> fy;tpf;fhd cjtpfs;> Ra cjtpf;
FOf;fis cUthf;Fjy;> rhd;wpjo;fs; njhlu;ghd tpopg;Gzu;T
vd;w tifapYk; gs;sp kw;Wk; fy;Y}up khztu;fSf;fhd
mbg;gil Njitfis toq;fpAk; gs;spg; gbg;ig Kbj;j
khztu;fs; fy;Y}upg; gbg;ig Nkw;f;nfhs;s mtu;fSf;fhd
MNyhridfisAk; NkYk; mtu;fsJ fy;Y}upg; gbg;Gf;fhf
rpy Fwpg;gpl;l cjtpj;njhifiaAk; nra;J tUfpwJ ,d;Dk;
rpy gy;NtWgl;l FOf;fis mikj;J mjd; %yk; mtu;fis
Nkk;gilar; nra;Js;sJ.”9 ,jd; gzpfs; nkd;NkYk;
njhlu;eJ
; eilngw;W tUfpwJ. ,jdhy; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd
,yq;ifj; jkpo; mfjp kf;fs; Nkk;gl;Ls;sd.

N[. Mu;. v];

„N[.Mu;.v]; Muk;gf; fhyk; njhl;Nl ,yq;ifj; jkpo;

mfjp kf;fSf;fhfg; gzpapidr; nra;J tUfpwJ. ,J
Kfhk;fspy; khiyNeu ,ytrg; gapw;rp ikaq;fisAk;
mjDld; khztfSf;fhd fy;tp cgfuzg;nghUl;fisAk;
kw;Wk; tpLjpapy; jq;fp gapYk; khztu;fSf;fhd
cjtpj;njhif> jha; je;ij ,y;yhj Foe;ijfisj; njupT
nra;J mtu;fSf;fhd gs;spr; rPUil toq;Fjy; fy;tp
,ilepWj;jk; ngw;w khztpfSf;Fk; FLk;g R+oyhy; gs;sp
gbg;ig ghjpapy; epWj;jp Ntiyf;Fr; nry;Yk; Foe;ijfSf;Fk;
topkhwpg; nrd;w Foe;ijfSf;Fk; jpUr;rp Ky;iy Fbapy;
ijay; gapw;rp fzpdp gapw;rpg; Nghd;w gapw;rpfis 6 khjk;
,ytrkhf toq;fp tUfpwJ.‟10

64
 fy;Y}up khztu;fSf;fhd jd;dk;gpf;if gapw;rpfs;
Foe;ijfSf;fhd tho;f;if jpwd; fy;tp kw;Wk;
Kjpatu;fSf;fhd cjtpj;njhiffs; nfhLj;jy; NkYk;
khztu;fspd; fy;tp kw;Wk; fiy Nkk;ghl;Lj; jpwd;
tsu;g;gju;f;fhf thuk; xU Kiw khztu; kd;wKk; 2
khjj;jpw;F xU Kiw Gj;jfk; xd;iw ntspaply; mjpy;
khztu;fspd; fiyjpwd;fs; kw;Wk; ,yq;if tuyhW gw;wp
khztu;fSf;F njhlu; nra;jp ntspaply; mjpf mstpy;
fy;tpr; rhu;ej
; gzpfisNa Kf;fpa nrayhf ,yq;ifj; jkpo;
mfjp kf;fSf;F ,d;wsTk; nra;J tUfpwJ.

nyguh ,e;jpah

„nyguh ,e;jpaf; – Foe;ijfs; Cl;l eyj;jpl;lj;ijr;

nraw;gLj;jp tUfpwJ. Foe;ijfSf;fhd Cl;lr;rj;J
czTfs; toq;Fjy;> fy;tpf;fhd cgfuzq;fs; toq;Fjy;
Nghd;w gzpfis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpwJ.‟11

gy;Nehf;F r%f Nrit ikaq;fs; jq;fs;

miktplj;jpw;F mUfpy; cs;s Kfhk;fspy; jq;fsJ epjp
tsj;jpw;F Vw;g jq;fshy; ,ad;w gzpfis nra;J
tUfpd;wdu;. tPlikg;G> foptiw mikg;G> njhopw;gapw;rpfs;
vd;gd ,tw;wpd; gzpfspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit.

muR epu;thfk;

,e;jpahitg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mfjpfSf;F kj;jpa muR

cjtpfisg; ngw;W khepy muNr mtu;fisg; guhkupj;J
tUfpd;wJ. mfjp kf;fSf;fhd nray; jpl;lq;fis khepy
muR eilKiwg;gLj;jp mtw;iw kj;jpa muRf;Fr; rku;g;gpj;J
cupa nrytpdj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Kiw

65
gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,yq;ifj; jkpou;fspd;
eyd;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; kj;jpa murpd; cjtp kl;Lkpd;wp
gy;NtW jpl;lq;fspy; khepy muRk; jdJ KOikahd
gq;fspg;ig toq;fp tUfpd;wJ.

jkpof murpd; kWtho;Tj;Jiw mYtyfk; nrd;idapy;

cs;s vopyfj;jpd; ehd;fhk; jsj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. ,q;F
kWtho;Tj;Jiw Mizau; kw;Wk; gpw mYtyu;fs; cs;sdu;.
kWtho;Tj;Jiwapd; fPo; xt;nthU khtl;lj;jpYk; khtl;l
Ml;rpau;> khtl;l Ml;rpaupd; Neu;Kf cjtpahsu; (nghJ)>
mfjpfSf;nfd rpwg;G tl;lhl;rpau; Nghd;Nwhu; mfjp
kf;fSf;fhd nghWg;ghf cs;sdu;. NkYk; Kfhk;fs;
mike;Js;s jhYf;fhtpidr; rhu;ej
; tl;lhl;rpaupd;
fz;fhzpg;gpy; ,yq;if jkpo; mfjpfs; Kfhk;fs; ,Uf;Fk;.
xt;nthU Kfhkpw;Fk; mfjpfs; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;nfd
tUtha; Ma;thsu;fs; epakpj;Js;sdu;.mtu;fs; kl;Lkpd;wp
Kfhkpy; epu;thff;FO xd;iw mikj;J mjpy; Kfhk; kf;fis
topelj;jTk; mtu;fSf;fhd cjtpfis nra;aTk; xt;nthU
KfhkpYk; ,Jg; Nghd;w FO mikf;fg;gl;L nray;gLj;jg;gl;L
tUfpwJ.

KbTiu

,yq;ifg; Nghhpd; fhuzkhf jkpo; nrhe;jq;fs; gyH

jk;Kila capiuAk;> clikfisAk; ,oe;J jtpj;jdH. NghH
eilngWk; fhyf; fl;lj;jpy; jd;Dila capiuf;
fhj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;bAk; jk;Kila re;jjpaiuj; jiof;f
itf;f Ntz;bAk; jk;Kila nrhe;jq;fisAk;
cilikfisAk; ,oe;J mUfpy; ,Uf;Fk; ehl;bw;F
mfjpfshfj; jQ;rk; mile;J te;jdH. mjpy; xU rpy kf;fs;

66
jkpofj;jpYs;s ,uhNk];tuj;jpw;F fly;topahf jQ;rk; GFe;j
kf;fis jkpof muR Nryk; khtl;lk; jk;kk;gl;bapy; cs;s
Kfhkpy; Fbaku;j;jp mtHfSf;fhd FbapUg;Gfs; mikj;Jf;
nfhLj;jJ. FbapUg;Gfs; kl;Lk; xUthpd; tho;thjhuj;ijr;
nropg;gila nra;a ,ayhJ. kdpjDf;Fj; Njitahd
mbg;gil chpikfs; ngUk;ghYk; mfjpfs; Kfhkpy;
tho;NthHf;Fj; jkpof murhy; tof;fg;glhky; kWf;fg;gl;lJ.
nrhe;j ehlhd ,yf;ifj; jdf;fhd tho;thjhuj;ij Klf;fpaJ
Nghy G+HtPf nrhe;jq;fSk; jd;id xJf;fp itg;gJ ,yq;ifj;
jkpoHfis ntFthfg; ghjpj;jJ.

,yq;ifj;jkpoHfspd; fy;tp> njhopy;> jpUkzk; rhHe;j

cwT epiy vd gy;NtW rpf;fy;fis ,tHfs; re;jpj;J
tUfpd;wdH. r%f hPjpapy; ,tHfspd; kjpg;G mfjpfs; vd;w
mbg;gilapy; tpNdhjkhf ,Ug;gNjhL muRk; ,tHfis
XutQ;rizAld; elj;jp tUtJ ,tHfspd; tho;thjhuj;ijf;
fPohd epiyf;F ,l;Lr; nry;fpwJ. ,j;jifar; R+oypy;
tho;tij tpl FLk;gq;fis tpl;L tpl;L Foe;ijfs;
ngw;Nwhu;fs; cld; gpwe;jtu;fis tpl;L M];jpNuypah Nghd;w
NtWehl;bw;Fr; nrd;W thoyhk; vd;W KbntLj;J mq;F
mfjpfsha; kPz;Lk; jk;Kila tho;f;ifg; Nghuhl;lj;ij
njhlu;fpwhu;fs;. jkpou;fisj; jk; nrhe;jq;fshf epidj;J
te;jtu;fs; mtu;fshy; cz;lhd gy;NtW rpf;fy;fshy; NtW
ehl;bw;F mfjpfsha; kPz;Lk; gazk; nra;fpd;whu;fs;.

67
 mbf;Fwpg;G
1. NeHfhzy; - gpujPgd;> ehs;: 18.02.2017
2. NeHfhzy; - nghd;dh ehs;: 22.02.2017
3. NeHfhzy; - eFNye;jpud; ehs;: 23.02.2017
4. NeHfhzy; - nghd;dh ehs;: 22.02.2017
5. NeHfhzy; - khpa nyhww;wh ehs;: 30.02.207
6. NeHfhzy; - nghd;dh ehs;: 22.02.2017
7. NeHfhzy; - jkpo;thzp ehs;: 20.02.2017
8. NeHfhzy; - khpa nyhww;wh ehs;: 30.02.207
9. NeHfhzy; - gpujPgd; ehs;: 18.02.2017
10. NkyJ.
11. NeHfhzy; - eFNye;jpud; ehs;: 23.08.2017

68
 epiwTiu

fle;j ehw;gHjhz;L fhykhf mz;ikapypUf;Fk; ,yq;ifapy;

NghH eilngw;W tUfpwJ. Nghhpy; gy capHfs; moptJ
,aw;ifNa vdpDk; jpl;lkpl;L XH ,dk; mopf;fg;gLtJ
kdpjhgpkhdj;jpw;F vjpuhdJ. ,yq;ifapd; G+Ht Fbfshd
jkpo; ,dj;ij mopj;J rpq;fstHfs; KOikahf Ml;rp
nrYj;jpaNjhL kl;Lkpd;wp vt;tpj muR rghH;e;j gyidAk;
jkpoHfisg; ngwtplhJ nra;jdH. jkpoHfSf;fhd fy;tp
kWf;fg;gl;lJ. Foe;ijfs; kdjpy; jkpoHfs; ,opthdtHfshf
tpijf;fg;gl;ldu;. ,e;epfo;T njhlHe;J me;j ,dk;
mk;kzpypUe;J mfw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf cUthf;fpaJ.
,e;j vz;zNk me;ehl;lpd; ngUk; NghUf;F toptFj;J gy
yl;r jkpoHfspd; mopw;f;F fhuzkhapUe;jJ.

,yq;ifapy; njhlq;fpa NghH gy ,yl;r jkpoHfisf;

nfhd;W Ftpj;jJ. ,jw;F Mjuthf ,e;jpa muRk;
nray;gl;lJ. ,yq;ifapy; thOk; jkpoHfSf;F Mjuthf
cyfpy; cs;s midj;J jkpoHfSk; Fuy; vOgg;gpdH.
mUfpy; ,Uf;Fk; jkpoH ehl;ilr;NrHe;j jkpodpk; gy;NtWgl;l
Nghuhl;lq;fis Kd;ndLj;jJ. Fwpg;ghf khztHfspd;
Nghuhl;lq;fs; kj;jpa muir cYf;fpaJ vdyhk;. tzpf
rq;fq;fs;> nghJ kf;fs;> muR CopaHfs; fl;rp gpuKfHfs;>
vd midtUk; ,yq;if jkpoHfSf;F MjuthfTk; ,yq;if
rpq;fsHfspd; ntwpr;nraiyf;fz;bj;Jk; gy;NtWg;
Nghuhl;lq;fis Kd;ndLj;jdH. ,tHfspd; Nghuhl;lq;fs;
,yq;ifapy; NghH epWj;jk; nfhz;L tur; rpWj; JUk;ghf
cjtpapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

69
 ,yq;ifg; Nghhpd; fhuzkhf jkpo; nrhe;jq;fs; gyH
jk;Kila capiuAk;> clikfisAk; ,oe;J jtpj;jdH. NghH
eilngWk; fhyf; fl;lj;jpy; jd;Dila capiuf;
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1. gpujPgd; 38 $yp 18.02.2017

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9. oviya.blogspot.in
10. muranpaadukal.blogspot.in

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