Project Development & Management: WEEK: 10
Project Development & Management: WEEK: 10
Project Development & Management: WEEK: 10
DEVELOPMENT
FE 202 │ & MANAGEMENT
WEEK: 10
In the logical framework, you learned on how to formulate the project goals, purposes, outputs, inputs and their objectively verifiable Indicators,
means of verification and important assumptions. But are you not wondering where the activities in this framework are?
Activities drive outputs. Failure to do the activities may affect the achievement of output targets which may result in project failure.
At the end of this modules 10, students are expected to analyze and develop a Project Implementation Plan.
III. Self-Assessment
Activities (SAA)
Task #1. Pre-assessment
To evaluate your knowledge on PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING, please answer the question below before proceeding with the
module. This part is not graded. In the following items, write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise:
1. Decomposition is a technique used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller manageable
parts.
2. Activities are smaller components of the work package and which represent the work necessary to complete the work package
deliverables. Parts of this are the activity list and milestone list.
3. Crashing is the decreasing the total project duration by adding resources to the schedule without changing the sequence of activities.
Analyze both schedule and cost to obtain the greatest amount of compression for the least incremental cost.
4. Lag is amount of time where a successor activity can be delayed. Usually shown in an SS type of dependency.
5. One of the important elements of PIP is time management, which involves defining the sequencing activities.
Before we proceed with our module 10 for today, let us first answer the pre-assessment test
IV. Discussion that I gave you in the previous module.
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1. Less than 50% of the information sent to the brain is visual and over 50% of all human communication is visual.
Answer: FALSE. 90% of the information sent to the brain is visual and over 90% of all human communication is visual.
2. A histogram is a specific type of bar chart, where the categories are ranges of numbers. Histograms therefore show combined
continuous data.
Answer: TRUE
3. A pictogram looks like a circle (or a pie) cut up into segments.
Answer: FALSE. A pictogram is a special type of bar graph and uses pictures to represent a particular number of items
4. Cartesian graphs have numbers on both axes, which therefore allow you to show how changes in one thing affect another.
Answer: TRUE
And now, let us try to answer the questions in the previous EMA, I asked you which among the presentations is better.
The first one is certainly “prettier”, however, the visual is pretty meaningless, and you have to actually read the information given in
order to understand it. It is pretty but not helpful. On the other hand, the simpler visualization makes it very easy to see. You will
clearly see which job category pays the most; which pays the least, which has the greatest range of salaries and which roles have
similar ranges.
It’s not about being pretty and having your presentations with vibrant colors. When it comes to presenting data and information
clearly, the “informative” one is more important than being “beautiful.”
In the Project Implementation Planning, the Logical Framework is the springboard in planning activities. One of the
important elements of PIP is time management, which involves defining the sequencing activities. A work breakdown
structure (WBS) helps in completing these tasks.
A. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) – a hierarchal decomposition of the total scope of work carried out by the
project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverable. Each level descended
represents an increasingly detailed definition of the project work (work package).
Decomposition – technique used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller manageable parts.
Work Package – work defined at the lowest level for which cost duration can be estimated or managed. The level of details for work packages will
vary depending on size and complexity of the project.
Level 2 Major desired deliverables, in terms of “product”, phase or sub-project deliverables. Identify project management deliverables.
Level 3 or 4 Decompose major deliverables until a suitable level is achieved for planning and monitoring. Decompose to the lowest level that
will allow planned work to be assigned, scheduled, cost estimated, monitored and controlled. (Work Package Level)Example:
Level Level 2
Organic Agriculure Course
1
-completed in April 2021
-trained 50 personnel
Capacity Development and Professionalization -cost P250,000.00
of Agriculture Department Staff
Duration: completed in 12 months
Trained 100 staff
Cost: P500,000
Project Management Course
-completed in June 2021
-trained 50 personnel
cost: P250,000.00
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To decompose Level 2 into work packages, we may have this as Level 3:
Activities – are smaller components of the work package and which represent the work necessary to complete the work package deliverables. Parts
of this are the activity list and milestone list.
Activity List – comprehensive list of all project activities required. Activities take the “verb-noun” form; e.g. “Conduct Training”
Milestone List – a list of significant points or events in the project with “0” duration.
Tasks – are the smallest unit of work subject to management accountability. A task is a well-defined work assignment usually assigned to one
person. Related tasks are grouped to form activities.
Going back to our example above, we may decompose the activity: “Invite participants” into the following tasks:
B. Sequencing Activities – is the process of identifying & documenting relationships among project activities as shown in the activity list.
Precedence Diagramming Method – a technique used for constructing a schedule model in which activities are represented nodes and are
graphically linked by one or more logical relationships. There are four types of logical relationships or dependencies, namely:
Finish to Start (FS)
Finish to Finish (FF)
Start to Start (SS)
Start to Finish (SF)
Lead – amount of time where a successor activity can be advanced. Usually shown in an FS type dependency.
Lag – amount of time where a successor activity can be delayed. Usually shown in an SS type of dependency.
Example. Under our activity “Plan training course” we may decompose the tasks and sequence them as follows:
Procure trainer
Procure venue
Invite participants
Deliver training
Conduct post
training evaluation
C. Estimate Activity Duration – is the process of estimating the number of work periods that will be needed to complete individual schedule
activities.
TIME is fundaments; to all projects.
Most project managers focus on managing TIME.
Most project management soft wares focus on TIME.
Control of TIME is often used to control costs.
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Tools and Techniques in estimating activity duration:
1. Analogous Estimating – uses historical information of actual costs of previous, similar projects as basis to current costs. Less costly
and less time consuming but less accurate.
2. Parametric Estimating – uses statistical relationships between historical data and variables to calculate an estimate. In parametric
estimating, we use the 3-point-estimate Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), as follows:
Most Likely (tM) – e.g. can finish in 10 days
Optimistic (tO) – e.g, can finish in 7 days
Pessimistic (tP) – can finish in 15 days
Beta Distribution (tE) = (tO + 4tM + tP) / 6; substituting the values, we have
tE = (7+ 4(10) + 15) / 6
tE = 10.33 days
3. Compression – there are two ways in using this tool, such as:
Crashing – decreasing the total project duration by adding resources to the schedule without changing the sequence of
activities. Analyze both schedule and cost to obtain the greatest amount of compression for the least incremental cost.
Fast Tracking – decreasing project duration by doing critical activities in parallel that would normally be done in
sequence.
You have finally finished the tenth part of the Project Development and Management course. Take note
VI. End of Module that outputs should be sent online. Write your answers legibly on any clean sheet of paper, take a clear
Assessment (EMA)
picture of it, and send it to my personal messenger. Deadline of submission will be on or before Saturday,
April 18, 2021 at 12mn.
Doing advance reading on succeeding topics can help you grasp ideas and concepts easily, for our next module read articles/ books/ ebooks on
Other Project Implementation Planning Tools and Techniques. Take the time to also review the previous modules to help you retain important
concepts.
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VIII. Self and Module
Evaluation
Rate your learning experience in using this module according to the following scale.
IX. References
Project Development and Management for LGUs, Rey Macalindong, Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP), 2017
Cycle, Christine Joyce B. Mendoza, DCERP, College of Human Ecology, UP Los Baños, 2017
Project Development Manual, NEDA, 2014
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