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    Analysis of Variance

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    Shashank Pal
    This document provides examples of one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The one-way ANOVA example analyzes yields of wheat grown with different chemical treatments. It calculates means, total variation, variation between and within treatments. The second one-way example calculates unbiased estimates of population variance from between and within variations. The two-way ANOVA example analyzes defective bolts from different machines across shifts. It organizes the data into a two-factor table and calculates the total variation to perform the ANOVA test.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Analysis of Variance

    Uploaded by

    Shashank Pal
    108 views3 pages
    This document provides examples of one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The one-way ANOVA example analyzes yields of wheat grown with different chemical treatments. It calculates means, total variation, variation between and within treatments. The second one-way example calculates unbiased estimates of population variance from between and within variations. The two-way ANOVA example analyzes defective bolts from different machines across shifts. It organizes the data into a two-factor table and calculates the total variation to perform the ANOVA test.

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    mms_bs_ch_10_annova

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    This document provides examples of one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The one-way ANOVA example analyzes yields of wheat grown with different chemical treatments. It calculates means, total variation, variation between and within treatments. The second one-way example calculates unbiased estimates of population variance from between and within variations. The two-way ANOVA example analyzes defective bolts from different machines across shifts. It organizes the data into a two-factor table and calculates the total variation to perform the ANOVA test.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    108 views3 pages

    Analysis of Variance

    Uploaded by

    Shashank Pal
    This document provides examples of one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The one-way ANOVA example analyzes yields of wheat grown with different chemical treatments. It calculates means, total variation, variation between and within treatments. The second one-way example calculates unbiased estimates of population variance from between and within variations. The two-way ANOVA example analyzes defective bolts from different machines across shifts. It organizes the data into a two-factor table and calculates the total variation to perform the ANOVA test.

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    Prof. S G.

    Vaidya (M) 9820031384


    9819369868

    10. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE


    [Syllabus: Analysis of variance – one way, two way]

    10.1: One Way Classification or One-Factor Experiment:


    Example 10.1: Following table shows the yields in bushels per acre of a variety of certain variety
    of wheat grown in a particular type of soil treated with chemicals A, B or C. Find (a) the mean
    yields for the different treatments, (b) the grand mean for all treatments, (c) the total variation,
    (d) the variation between treatments, (e) the variation within treatments. Use the long method.
    A 48 49 50 49
    B 47 49 48 48
    C 49 51 50 50

    Solution:
    (a) The Mean yield for treatment A( x1 )= (48+49+50+49)/4 =49
    The Mean yield for treatment B ( x 2 )= (47+49+48+48)/4 =48
    The Mean yield for treatment C( x3 )= (49+51+50+50)/4 =50

    (b) The grand mean for all treatments is given by ( x )


    (48+49+50+49+47+49+48+48+49+51+50+50)/12 = 49

    (c) Total variance ( v ) =  x jk − x ( ) 2

    j,k

    = (48-49)2+(49-49) 2+(50-49) 2+(49-49) 2


    +(47-49)2+ (49-49)2+ (48-49) 2 +(48-49) 2
    +(49-49) 2+(51-49) 2+(50-49) 2+(50-49)2
    =14

    (d) Variation between treatments = vb = b x j − x ( )


    2

    ( ) ( 2
    ) (
    2
    = b x1 − x + x 2 − x + x 3 − x )  = 4(49 − 49)
    2 2
    + (48 − 49) 2 + (50 − 49) 2 
    = 4[0+1+1]=8
    (e) Variation within treatments (vw)= Total Variance – Variation between treatments
    = v-vb=14-8 = 6
    Another method
    (
    Vw= =  x jk − x j )
    2

    j,k

    =(48-49)2+(49-49) 2+(50-49) 2+(49-49) 2


    +(47-48) 2+(49-48) 2+(48-48) 2+(48-48) 2
    +(49-50) 2+(51-50) 2+(50-50) 2+(50-50) 2
    =6

    G-105, Nerul Station Complex(W)299


    Prof. S G. Vaidya (M) 9820031384
    9819369868

    Example 10.2: Find an unbiased estimate of the population variance s2 from (a) the variation
    between treatments under the null hypothesis of equal treatment means, (b) the variation within
    treatments.
    A 48 49 50 49
    B 47 49 48 48
    C 49 51 50 50

    Solution: (a) sb2=vb/(a-1)=8/(3-1)=4


    (b) sw2=vw/[a(b-1)]=6/[3(4-1)]=2/3

    10.1: Two Way Classification or Two-Factor Experiment:


    Example 10.2: A manufacturer wishes to determine the effectiveness of four types of machines,
    A, B, C, D, in the production of bolts. To accomplish this, the number of defective bolts produced
    by each machine on the days of a given week are obtained for each of two shifts. The results are
    indicated in the following table. Perform an analysis of variance to test at 0.05 level of
    significance whether there is (a) a difference in machines, (b) a difference in shifts.
    First Shift Second Shift
    Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri
    A 6 4 5 5 4 5 7 4 6 8
    B 10 8 7 7 9 7 9 12 8 8
    C 7 5 6 5 9 9 7 5 4 6
    D 8 4 6 5 5 5 7 9 7 10

    Solution: The data can be equivalently organized as shown in the following table. In this table
    the two main factors, namely, Machine and Shift, are indicated. Note that for each machine two
    shifts have been indicated. The days of the week can be considered as replicates or repetitions of
    performance of each machine for the two shifts.

    Factor-I Factor-II
    Machine Shift Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Totals
    A 1 6 4 5 5 4 24
    2 5 7 4 6 8 30
    B 1 10 8 7 7 9 41
    2 7 9 12 8 8 44
    C 1 7 5 6 5 9 32
    2 9 7 5 4 6 31
    D 1 8 4 6 5 5 28
    2 5 7 9 7 10 38
    Totals 57 51 54 47 59 268

    The variation for all data is:

    G-105, Nerul Station Complex(W)300


    Prof. S G. Vaidya (M) 9820031384
    9819369868

    V=62+42+52+ ……+72+102 – (268) 2/40 = 150.4

    G-105, Nerul Station Complex(W)301

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