CLIMATE CHANGE ADVOCACY

PLAN REPORT

KRISTINA MAE BAYANO

GRADE 12  ST.BARTHOLOMEW (STEM)
I.
While Covid-19 has shaken much of human society, the threat posed by global
warming has not gone away. Human activities have increased carbon dioxide
emissions, driving up temperatures. Extreme weather and melting polar ice are among
the possible effects.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) defines Climate Change
as a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s
local, regional, and global climates. These changes have a broad range of observed
effects that are synonyms with the term. The Earth’s average temperature is about 15C
but has been much higher and lower in the past. There are natural fluctuations in the
climate but scientist say temperatures are now rising faster than at many other times.
This is linked to the greenhouse effect, which describes how the Earth’s atmosphere
traps some of the Sun’s energy. Solar energy radiating back to space from the Earth’s
surface is absorbed by greenhouse gases and re-emitted in all directions. This heat
both the lower atmosphere and the surface of the planet. Without this effect, the Earth
would be about 30C colder and hostile to life. Scientist believe we are adding to the
natural greenhouse effect, with gases released from industry and agriculture trapping
more energy and increasing the temperature. According to Australia Academy of
Science, Climate Change is a change in the pattern of weather, and related changes in
oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, occurring over time scales of decades or longer.
Weather is state of the atmosphere – its temperature, humidity, wind, rainfall and so on
– over hours to weeks.

II.
According to the information provided by National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). Changes observed in Earth’s climate since the earth 20 th
century are primarily driven by human activities, particularly fossil fuels burning, which
increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere, raising Earth’s
average surface temperature. These human produced temperature increases are
commonly referred to as global warming. Natural processes can also contribute to
climate change, including internal variability (e.g., cyclical ocean patterns like El Nino,
La Nina and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation) and external forcings (e.g., volcanic
activity, changes in the Sun’s energy output, variation in Earth’s orbit). Scientist attribute
the global warming trend observed since the mid-20 th century to the human expansion
of the ‘greenhouse effect’ – warming the results when the atmosphere traps heat
radiating from Earth toward space. Certain gases in the atmosphere block heat from
escaping. Long-lived gases that remain semi-permanently in the atmosphere and do not
respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature are describe as “forcing”

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climate change. Gases such as water vapor, which respond physically or chemically to
changes in temperature are seen as “feedbacks.”
Gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect include:
 Water Vapor. The most abundant greenhouse gas, but importantly, it acts as a
feedback to the climate. Water vapor increases as the Earth’s atmosphere
warms, but so does the possibility of clouds and precipitation, making these
some of the most important feedback mechanism to the greenhouse effect.
 Carbon Dioxide (CO2). A minor but very important component of the
atmosphere, carbon dioxide is released through natural processes such as
respiration and volcano eruptions and through human activities such as
deforestation, land use changes, and burning fossil fuels. Humans have
increased atmospheric CO2 concentration by 47% since the Industrial Revolution
began. This is the most important long-lived “forcing” of climate change.
 Methane. A hydrocarbon gas produced both through natural sources and human
activities, including the decomposition of waste in landfills, agriculture, and
especially rice cultivation, as well as ruminant digestion and manure
management associated with domestic livestock. On a molecule-for-molecule
basis, methane is a far more active greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, but
also one which is much less abundant in the atmosphere.
 Nitrous oxide. A powerful greenhouse gas produced by soil cultivation practices,
especially the use of commercial and organic fertilizers. Fossil fuel combustion,
nitric acid production, and biomass burning.
 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Synthetic compounds entirely of industrial origin
used in a number of applications, but now largely regulated in production and
release to the atmosphere by international agreement for their ability to
contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer. They are also greenhouse gases.
On Earth, human activities are changing the natural greenhouse. Over the last
century the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of
atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). This happens because the coal or oil burning
process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO2. To a lesser extent,
the clearing of land for agriculture, industry, and other human activities has
increased concentrations of greenhouse gases.

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III.
As observed, in every disaster the Local Government Unit (LGU) stand at the
frontline of defense. And consequently confronts the multiple interrelated problems
associated with it that usually affects all segments of its constituency, the children, the
youth, person with disabilities, the elderly, women and men, rich and poor, indigenous
people’s communities and stakeholders. The more vulnerable and defenseless are
usually the poorest of the poor.
According to the information provided by National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). Scientists use observations from the ground, air and space,
along with theoretical models, to monitor and study past, present and future climate
change. Climate data records provide evidence of climate change key indicators, such
as global land and ocean temperature increases; rising sea levels; ice loss at Earth’s
poles and in mountain glaciers; frequency and severity changes in extreme weather
such as hurricanes, heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, floods and precipitation; and cloud
and vegetation cover changes, to name but a few.
The consequences of changing the natural atmospheric greenhouse are difficult
to predict, but some effects seem likely:
 On average, Earth will become warmer. Some regions may welcome warmer
temperatures, but others may not.
 Warmer conditions will probably lead to more evaporation and precipitation
overall, but individual regions will vary, some becoming wetter and others dyer.
 A stronger greenhouse effect will warm the ocean and partially melt glaciers ad
ice sheets, increasing sea level. Ocean water also will expand if it warms,
contributing further to sea level rise.
 Outside of a greenhouse, higher atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels can
have both positive and negative effects on crop yield. Some laboratory
experiments suggest that elevated CO2 levels can increase plant growth.
However, other factors, such as changing temperatures, ozone and water and
nutrient constraints, may more than counteract any potential increase in yield. If
optimal temperature ranges for some crops are exceeded, earlier possible gains
in yield may be reduced or reversed altogether.
Climate extremes, such as droughts, floods and extreme temperatures, can lead to
crop losses and threaten the livelihoods of agricultural producers and the food
security of communities worldwide. Depending on the crop and ecosystem, weeds,
pests, and fungi can also thrive under warmer temperatures, wetter climates, and
increased CO2 levels, and climate change will likely increase weeds and pests.
Finally, although rising CO2 can stimulate plant growth, research has shown that it
can also reduce the nutritional value of most food crops by reducing the

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 concentrations of protein and essential minerals inmost plant species. Climate
change can cause new patterns of pests and diseases to emerge, affecting plants,
animals and humans, and posing new risks for food security, food safety and human
health.

IV.
In order to prevent and to reduce the adverse effects of the Climate Change, the
Philippines passed Republic Act 9729, also known as Climate Change Act of 2009,
anchored on the constitutional provision which states that “it is the policy of the State to
afford full protection and the advancement of the right of the people to a balanced and
healthful ecology… to fulfil human needs while maintaining the quality of the natural
Environment for current and future generations.” RA 9729 provides, among the
following;
Start here:
 The Local Government Units (LGU) as frontline agencies in the formulation,
planning and implementation of climate change action plans in their
respective areas, shall formulate their Local Climate Change Action Plan,
consistent with the provision of the Local Government Code and the National
Climate Change Action Plan.
 Inter-local government unit collaboration shall be maximized in the conduct of
climate-related activities.
Hence, in order to response meaningfully to climate change issues in the locality,
this plan is designed to provide better understanding of the stakeholders and to
guide Local Government Units (LGU) in implementing actions in disasters
preparedness, vulnerability reduction and climate change adaptation measures
and strategies.

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V.
The Following are the targeted outcomes:
1) Food Security – The major objective of this plan is to ensure the availability,
stability, accessibility, and affordability of safe and healthy food amidst climate
change.
2) Water Sufficiency – In light of climate change, however, a comprehensive
review and subsequent restructuring of the entire water sector governance is
required. It is important as well to assess resilience of major water resources
and infrastructures, manage supply and demand, manage water quality, and
promote conservation.
3) Environmental and Ecological Stability – Ecosystem resilience and
environmental stability during the plan period is focused on achieving one
immediate outcome: the protection and rehabilitation of critical ecosystems,
and the restoration of ecological services.
4) Human Security – The objective of the human security agenda is to reduce
the risks of women and men to climate change and disasters.
5) Climate-Friendly industries and Services – priorities the creation of green
and eco
6) Sustainable Energy – prioritizes the promotion and expansion of energy
efficiency and conservation; the development of sustainable and renewable
energy; environmentally sustainable transport; and climate-proofing and
rehabilitation of energy systems infrastructures.

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