CHAPTER 1: MEANING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

ü Meaning of Research

Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual’s speculation with reality.

ü Characteristics of Research

1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.

2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.

3. Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.

4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical,
descriptive, experimental and case study.

5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.

6. Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method
and procedures.

7. Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the
researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.

ü Qualities of a Good Researcher

1. Research-oriented

2. Efficient

3. Scientific

4. Effective

5. Active

6. Resourceful

7. Creative

8. Honest

9. Economical

10. Religious

ü Characteristics of the Researcher

1. Intellectual Curiosity. A researcher undertakes a deep thinking and inquiry of the things, and
situations around him.
2. Prudence. The researcher is careful to conduct his research study at the right time and at the right
place wisely, efficiently, and economically.

3. Healthy Criticism. The researcher is always doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results.

4. Intellectual Honesty. An intelligent researcher is honest to collect or gather data or facts in order to
arrive at honest results.

5. Intellectual Creativity – A productive and resourceful investigator always creates new researches.

ü Values of Research to Man

1. Research improves the quality of life.

2. Research improves instruction.

3. Research improves students’ achievement.

4. Research improves teacher’s competence.

5. Research satisfies man’s needs.

6. Research reduces the burden of work.

7. Research has deep-seated psychological aspects.

8. Research improves the exportation of food products.

9. Research responds to the economic recovery and austerity measure of the country.

10. Research trains graduates to become responsive to the economic development of the country and
to compete globally.

ü Types of Research

1. Basic Research. This is also called as “fundamental research” or “pure research”. It seeks to
discover basic truths or principles.

Examples:

· Boyle’s Law

· Charles’ Law

· Archimedes’ Principle

· Hooke’s Law

· Newton’s Law

2. Applied Research. This type of research involves seeking new applications of scientific knowledge
to the solution of a problem, such as a development of a new system or procedure, new device, or new
method in order to solve the problem.
3. Developmental Research. This is a decision-oriented research involving the application of the steps
of the scientific method in response to an immediate need to improve existing practices.

ü Classification of Research

1. Library Research. This is done in the library where answers to specific questions or problems of the
study are available.

2. Field Research. Here, research is conducted in a natural setting.

3. Laboratory Research. The research is conducted in artificial or controlled conditions by isolating the
study in a thoroughly specified and equipped area. The purposes are: (1) to test hypotheses derived
from theory, (2) to control variance under research conditions, and (3) to discover the relations between
the dependent and the independent.

THE VARIABLE

ü Meaning of Variable

A variable is defined as a quantity susceptible of fluctuation or change in value or magnitude under

different conditions.

ü Types of Variable

1. Independent Variable. This is the stimulus variable which is chosen by the researcher to determine
the relationship to an observed phenomenon.

2. Dependent Variable. This is the response variable which is observed and measured to determine
the effect of the independent variable.

3. Moderator Variable. This is a secondary or special type of independent variable chosen by the
researcher to determine if it changes or modifies the relationship between the independent and
dependent variables.

4. Control Variable. This is the variable that is controlled by the investigator in which the effects can
be neutralized by eliminating or removing the variable.

5. Intervening Variable. This is a variable which interferes with the independent and dependent
variables, but its effects can either strengthen or weaken the independent and dependent variables.

ü Components of the research process

1. Problem/ Objectives

2. Hypotheses

3. Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework

4. Assumptions

5. Review of Related Literature

6. Research Design
7. Data Collection

8. Data Processing and Statistical Treatment

9. Analysis and Interpretation

10. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH PROBLEM AND OBJECTIVES

ü The Research Problem

5 factors to consider to determine that a problem is researchable or not.

1. The problem existing in the locality or country but no known solution to the problem.

2. The solution can be answered by using statistical methods and techniques.

3. There are probable solutions but they are not yet tested.

4. The occurrence of phenomena requires scientific investigation to arrive at precise solution.

5. Serious needs/problems of the people where it demands research.

ü Characteristics of a Research Problem

· Specific. The problem should be specifically tested.

· Measurable. It is easy to measure by using research instruments, apparatus or equipment.

· Achievable. The data are achievable using correct statistical tools to arrive at precise results.

· Realistic. Real results are attained because they are gathered scientifically and not manipulated or
maneuvered.

· Time-bound. Time frame is required in every activity because the shorter completion of the
activity, the better.

ü Sources of Research Problem

1. Specialization of the researcher.

2. Current and past researches.

3. Recommendations from theses, dissertations, and research journals.

4. Original and creative ideas of the researcher based on the problems met in the locality and
country.

ü Criteria of a Good Research Problem

1. Interesting. An interesting research problem attracts the attention of the researcher and other
people to conduct the research project even without incentive or research grant at all.

2. Innovative. Through replicability in conducting research is allowed, it is advisable that a research

problem is something novel, original, and unique to attract the attention of the people and contribute to
the economic development of the country.

3. Cost-effective. A good research problem should be economical and effective in solving the needs
and problems of the society; it should also augment socioeconomic and health conditions of the people
and many others.
4. Relevant to the needs and problems of the people. Researchers must keep in mind that they
conduct research not for the personal aggrandizement but to solve the needs and problems of the
people.

5. Relevant to government’s thrusts. A research problem must respond to the government’s thrusts.

6. Measurable and time-bound.

ü Statement of Research Problem/Objectives

Research problem and research objectives have the same characteristics but they differ in form because
the former is stated in interrogative or question form and the latter, in declarative form.

ü The Hypotheses

Hypothesis – is defined as a wise guess that is formulated and temporarily adopted to explain the
observed facts covered by the study.

Types of Hypothesis

· Null Hypothesis – is a denial of an existence of a trait, characteristic, quality, value, correlation or

difference of the result.

· Alternative Hypothesis – is an affirmation of the existence of the observed phenomenon.

ü Theoretical Framework

- shapes the justification of the research problem/research objectives in order to provide the legal
basis for defining its parameters.

ü Conceptual Framework

- presents specific and well-defined concepts which are called constructs.

ü Assumptions

- are presumed to be true statements of facts related to the research problem.

ü Significance of the Study

- Is presented comprehensively to convince the screening committee the importance of the study.

ü Scope and Limitations of the Study

- This includes the coverage of the study area, the subjects, the research apparatus, equipment or
instrument, the research issues and concerns, the duration of the study, and the constraints that have
direct bearing on the result of the study.

ü Definition of Terms

1. Conceptual Definition – The definition are based on concepts or hypothetic ones which are usually
taken from a dictionary, encyclopedia and published journals.
2. Operational Definition – The definition of terms are based on observable characteristics and how it
is used in the study.
CHAPTER 3: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related – means the legal bases, literature and studies which have direct bearing or relation to the
present study.

ü Related Legal Bases

- It determine the relevance of the study to the government’s thrusts. The major sources of related
legal bases are laws and department directives such as circulars, orders, memoranda, and others which
are related to the present study.

ü Related Literature

- Literature may be defined as “Written works collectively, especially, those enduring importance,
exhibiting creative imagination and artistic skill which in a particular period, language and subject”.

ü Related Studies

- Published and unpublished research studies are sources of materials that are included in this
section. The research studies which have direct bearing to the present study are segregated into foreign
and local studies.
CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH DESIGNS

Historical Design

- The study is focused on the past (what was).

- It is a scientific critical inquiry of the whole truth of past events using the critical method in the
understanding and interpretation of facts which are applicable to current issues and problems.

Uses of Historical Research

It is useful in searching through the past for solutions to contemporary problems and needs.

It is used to throw light on the present.

It gives people a sense of continuity of the past to the present.

It enables the communities to grasp their relationship with the past to the current issues; and

Presentation of the facts in readable form involving problems of organization, composition, exposition
and interpretation.

Major Steps of Historical Research

Collection of data

Criticism of data collected

Presentation of facts

Sources of Historical Research

Primary Sources

- Documents – These include school directives, court decisions, executive and other official records,
personal materials. Newspapers and periodicals.

- Remains – These include physical plant, equipment, apparatus, teaching aids and devices, pictures
of buildings or furnishing, forms of diplomas and certificates, textbooks and reference books.

Secondary Sources – These are histories of education, bibliographies, encyclopedia and many others.

Descriptive Design

- The study focuses on the present condition.

Descriptive researches are valuable in:

Providing facts on which scientific judgments may be based.

Providing essential knowledge about the nature of objects and persons.

For closer observation into the practices, behavior, methods and procedures.

Playing a large part in the development of the instrument for the measurement of many things.
Formulating of policies in the local, national or international level.

Types of Descriptive Research

1. Descriptive-survey – This type is suitable wherever the subjects vary among themselves and one is
interested to know the extent to which different conditions and situations are obtained among these
subjects.

A survey is useful in (1) providing the value of facts, and (2) focusing attention on the most important
things to be reported.

2. Descriptive-normative survey – The term “normative” is sometimes used because surveys are
frequently made to ascertain the normal or typical condition for practice, or to compare local test
results with a state or national norm.

3. Descriptive-status – This approach to problem-solving seeks to answer questions to real facts

elating to existing conditions.

4. Descriptive-analysis – This method determines or describes the nature of an object by separating it

into its parts.

5. Descriptive-classification – This method is employed in natural sciences subjects.

6. Descriptive-evaluative – This design is to appraise carefully the worthiness of the current study.

7. Descriptive-comparative – This is a design where the researcher considers two variables and
establishes a formal procedure to compare and conclude that one is better than the other.

8. Correlational survey – This is designed to determine the relationship of two variables (X and Y).

9. Longitudinal survey – This involves much time allotted for investigation of the same subjects of two
or more points in time.

Experimental Design

- Is the problem-solving approach that the study is described in the future on what will be when
variables are carefully controlled or manipulated.

Types of Experimental Design

1. Single-group design – This design involves a single instrument with two or more levels.

2. Two-group design – In this design, two comparable groups are employed as experimental and
control groups or two comparable groups are both experimental groups.

3. Two-pair group design – This design is an elaboration of the two-group design wherein there are
two control groups and two experimental groups.

4. Parallel-group design – This design in which two or more groups are used at the same time with
only a single variable manipulated or changed.
5. Counterbalanced or Latin square design – This design is also called “rotation design” or quasi-
experimental design. It involves an exchange of two or more instruments taken by the subjects during
the experiment.

6. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) – This design in which a group of test plants or animals is
studied only once but subsequent treatment is applied to determine the cause of change.

7. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) – This experimental design uses a group of test plants
and animals as subjects of the study which are studied once but subsequent treatment applied are
replicated to determine the cause of change.

8. Correlational design – This experimental design is used to determine the relationship of two
dependent variables, X and Y, how they are manipulated by the independent variables.

9. Pre-Test-Post-Test design – This design involves the experimental group and the control group
which are carefully selected through randomization procedure.

Case Study Design

- Is a problem-solving technique wherein the study is described from the past, present and the
future.

The Cycle of Case Study

Recognition and determination of the status of the phenomenon to be investigated.

Collection of data related to the factors or circumstances associated with the given phenomenon.

Diagnosis or identification of causal factors as basis for remedial or developmental treatment.

Application of remedial or adjustment measures.

Subsequent follow-up to determine the effectiveness of the corrective or developmental measures

applied.
CHAPTER 5: QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

ü Validity

- It means the degree to which a test or measuring instrument measures what it intends to
measure.

ü Types of Validity

· Content validity – It means the extent to which the content or topics of the test is truly
representative of the content of the course.

· Concurrent validity – It is the degree to which the test agrees or correlates with a criterion set up
as an acceptable measure.

· Predictive validity – It is determined by showing how well predictions made from the test are
confirmed by evidence gathered at some subsequent time.

· Construct validity – It is the extent to which the test measures a theoretical construct or trait.

ü Reliability

- It means the extent to which a research instrument is dependable, consistent and stable.

ü Methods in Testing the Reliability of a Good Research Instrument

· Test-retest method – In this method, the same instrument is administered twice to the same group
of subjects and the correlation coefficient is determined.

rs = 1 – Z6D2

N3-N

· Parallel-forms method – Parallel or equivalent forms of a test may be administered of the group of
subjects, and the paired observations correlated.

· Split-half method – The test in this method may be administered twice, but the test items are
divided into two values.

rwt = Z(rt)

1 + rnt

· Internal-consistency method – This method is used with psychological test which consist of
dichotomously scored items.

Kuder-Richardson Formula 20
Rxx = [N] [SD2 - ∑piqi]

N-1 SD2

ü Usability

- It means the degree to which the research instrument be satisfactorily used by teachers,
researchers, supervisors and school managers without expenditures of time, money and effect.

ü Factors to Determine Usability

1. Base of administration. To facilitate the administration of a research instrument, instruction should

be complete and precise.

2. Base of scoring. It depends on the following aspects:

· Construction of a test in the objective type.

· Answer keys are adequately prepared.

· Scoring directions are fully understood.

3. Ease of interpretation and application. Results of test are easy to interpret and

apply if tables are provided.

4. Low cost. It is more practical if the test is low cost material-wise.

5. Proper mechanical make-up. A good research instrument should be printed

clearly in an appropriate size for the grade or year level for which the instrument

is intended.
CHAPTER 6: SAMPLING DESIGNS

Sampling – may be defined as the method of getting a representative portion of the population.

Population –is the aggregate or total of objects, persons, families, species, or orders of plants or animals.

Advantages of Sampling

1. It saves time, money and effort.

2. It is more effective.

3. It is faster, cheaper and economical.

4. It is more accurate.

5. It gives more comprehensive information.

Disadvantages of Sampling

1. Sample data involve more care in preparing detailed sub classification due to small number of
subjects.

2. If the sampling plan is not correctly designed and followed, the results may be misleading.

3. Sampling requires an expert to conduct the study in an area. If this is lacking, the results can be
erroneous.

4. The characteristic to be observed may occur rarely in a population.

5. Complicated sampling plans are laborious to prepare.

Planning a Sample Survey

1. State the objectives of the survey.

2. Define the population.

3. Select the sampling individual.

4. Locate and select the source list of particular individuals to be included in the sample.

5. Design the sampling design to be used that suits to the study, either scientific or nonscientific
sampling.

6. Determine the sample size.

7. Select the method in estimating the reliability of the sample.

8. Test the reliability of the sample in a pilot institution.

9. Interpret the reliability of the sample.

10. Choose experts to administer the research instruments.

Determination of Sample Size

Step 1: Determine the total population (N) as assumed subjects of the study.

Step 2: Get the value of V(2.58), Se(0.01), and p(0.50).

Step 3: Compute the sample size using this formula:

Ss = NV + [ Se2 (1-p)]

NSe + [ V2p(1-p)]

Sampling Designs

1. Scientific Sampling

1. Restricted random sampling – This type of sampling design involves certain restrictions to improve
the validity of the sample.

2. Unrestricted random sampling – This is the best random sampling design due to no restrictions
imposed, and every member in the population has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample.

Lottery Technique

Table of Random Numbers

3. Stratified random sampling – This type of design divides the population into two or more strata.

4. Systematic sampling – In this type of design the individuals of the population are arranged in a
methodical manner.

5. Multistage sampling – This design is done in several stages.

6. Cluster sampling – In this type of design, the population is grouped into clusters or small units.

2. Nonscientific sampling

1. Purposive sampling – This type of nonscientific sampling is based on selecting the individuals as
samples according to the purpose of the researcher as his controls.

2. Incidental sampling – This type of sampling design is “applied to those samples which are taken
because they are the most available.”

3. Quota sampling – This type of design is popular in the field of opinion research because it is done
by merely looking for individuals with the requisite characteristics.
CHAPTER 7: DATA PROCESSING AND STATISTICAL TREATMENT

Data processing involves:

Input – it involves the responses from the research instrument by the subjects of the study.

Throughput – it includes statistical procedures and techniques.

Output – the results of the study which are presented in data matrix form.

Data processing

It consists of three basic steps:

Step 1. Categorization of data

It refers to the grouping of subjects under study according to the objectives or purposes of the study.

Five rules in categorizing research information by Kerlinger:

1. Categories are set up according to the research problem.

2. The categories are exhaustive.

3. Each category is derived from one classification principle.

4. The categories are mutually exclusive and independent.

5. Any categorization scheme must be one level of discourse.

Step 2. Coding of data – Information from the questionnaire, tests, interview schedules, rating scale and
many others must be transformed into coded items to facilitate tabulation of data.

Step 3. Tabulation of data – this is done by tallying and counting the raw data to arrive at a frequency
distribution and to facilitate in organizing them in a systematic order in a table or several tables.

Data matrix

- Presentation of data in tabular form

3 Types of Data Matrices

1. Univariate matrix – involves only one variable.

2. Bivariate matrix – involves two variables.
3. Multivariate matrix – has three or more variables in the table.

Dummy tables

- Are helpful in preparing for the data matrix because they are used in planning, summarizing,
organizing and analyzing the data on how the different variables differ with each other.
Statistical Treatment

- It is a must that researchers diagnose the problem by using the appropriate statistical tool to
arrive at accurate and definite interpretation of results.

Incorrect Statistical Tool

- Percentage is incorrect or inappropriate statistical tool to scale options due to vague

interpretation of results.

Univariate Statistical Treatment

- The appropriate statistical tool for univariate problem is the weighted arithmetic mean and the
like.

Bivariate Statistical Treatment in Experimental Research

- The statistical tools for bivariate problem in experimental research are t-test and linear
correlation.

Bivariate Statistical Treatment in Descriptive Research

- The statistical tool used in bivariate descriptive research problems are z-test and linear
correlation.

Z-test as Bivariate Statistical Tool in Descriptive Research

- Z-test between percentages. The z-test is used to determine the significant difference between
two percentages of related individuals in which the data are collected through survey.

Z= P1 – P2

PQ[1/N1 + 1/N2]

Multivariate Statistical Treatment

- Two statistical tools used in multivariate experimental research problems with three or more
variables are F-test or ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis One-Way ANOVA and Friedman’s Two-way ANOVA.

F-test as Statistical Tool in Multivariate Experimental Research

- F-test or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) involves three or more independent variables as
bases for classification.

Friedman’s Two-Way ANOVA as Statistical Tool for Multivariate Experimental Research

- Friedman’s two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also a statistical tool used both in
experimental and descriptive research problems. The formula is as follows:

Xr2 = l2 ∑(ri2) – 3N(le + 1)

 Nk (k + 1)

Kruskal-Wallis One-Way ANOVA as Statistical Tool for Multivariate Experimental Research

Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by ranks is another statistical tool used in
multivariate research problems both in experimental and descriptive researches. The formula is as
follows:

H= 12 ∑[Ri2/n] – 3(N + 1)

N(N + 1)

Chi-Square (X2) as Statistical Tool for Multivariate Descriptive Research

Chi-Square (X2) 2 X 2 table. In chi-square (X2) 2 x 2 table or fourfold table, two discrete variables are
involved to test if these variables are independent from each other.

Chi-Square (X2) 3 x 3 Table. It is also called nine-fold which involves three discrete variables to test if
these variables are independent from each other.

Friedman’s Two-Way ANOVA by Ranks as Statistical Tool used in Multivariate Descriptive Research

- It is used when the data from k related samples consist of at least an ordinal scale and have been
drawn from the same set of observations to different population.

Kruskal-Wallis’ One-Way ANOVA (H) by Ranks a Statistical Tool in Multivariate Descriptive Research (Tied
Observations)

The formula used is:

1 - ∑T

N2 – N
CHAPTER 8: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

ü Data Analysis

- It may be defined as the examination of data or fact in terms of quantity, quality, attribute, trait,
pattern, trend, relationship among others so as to answer research questions which involve statistical
techniques and procedures.

ü Types of Data Analysis

· Univariate Analysis

- Tests a single variable to determine whether the sample is similar to the population from which it
has been drawn.

· Bivariate Analysis

- Tests two variables on how they differ with each other.

· Multivariate Analysis

- Tests three or more independent variables at a time in the degree of relationship with the
dependent variable.

· Normative Analysis

- Is a type of data analysis wherein the results of the study is compared with the norm or standard.

· Status Analysis

- Stresses real facts relating to current conditions in a group of subjects chosen for study.

· Descriptive Analysis

- Describe the characteristics, composition, structures and substructures that occur as units within
the larger structure.

· Classification Analysis

- Is usually employed in natural science subjects.

· Comparative Analysis

- The researcher considers at least two entities and establishes a formal procedure for obtaining
criterion data on the basis of which he can compare and conclude one is better than the other.

· Cost-effective Analysis

- Is applicable in comparing the cost between two or more variables, and to determine which of the
variables is most effective.
CHAPTER 9: PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH

Principles of Participatory Action Research

1. The methods used in participatory action research have direct bearing on the beliefs and vision of
the participants in the community or the masses.

2. Participatory action research should aim for the solution of the problem in order that the
concerned people in the community be benefited as soon as possible.

3. All the participants in the research process must be involved in the formulation of the problem to
its solution conceptualization and implementation.

4. The members of the research team should be made up of the researchers and the people
representing the elements of the situation.

5. The research participants should be viewing the research process as a total community experience
where community needs are established and awareness and commitment within the community are
increased.

6. The research participants should see the research process as a dialogue over time and not a static
picture occurring from one point in time.

7. The aim of the research process, like the aim of the educational process, should be the liberation of
the creative potential of human beings and harnessing of human resources in order to solve social
problems.

Characteristics of Participatory Action Research

1. People-oriented

2. Community involvement

3. Group-research

4. Big crowd

5. Political involvement

Framework of Participatory Action Research

1. The identification of the problem and the community

2. Statement of goals/objectives

3. Identification of participants

4. Organization of research team

5. Establishment of timetable

6. Conduct of the research project

7. Evaluation of results

8. Interpretation of findings

9. Implications/Recommendations

10. Implementation

Advantages of Participatory Action Research

1. Research participants increase their knowledge and ideas as well as valid analysis of social reality,
thus, more relevant solutions are achieved.

2. Both researchers and subjects of the study gain more from the research process when the
researchers attain greater sensitivity and self-awareness of the problems.

3. The subjects of the study gain trust and self-confidence on their own rate and resources to improve
their condition.

4. Good relationship can be developed among the research team, research participants and the
people in the community.

5. Humanistic approach is enhanced through involvement of everyone in solving social problems.

Disadvantages of Participatory Action Research

1. It is time consuming because it takes time to involve many people in conducting the research.

2. It is difficult to gather people and manage to attend the general assembly due to a large number of
people involved.

3. When the research team back-out while the research process is going on, a new team is created
and therefore you have to start all over again.

4. The research team may use their power to personal needs and most of the benefits go to them.

5. Politicians who get involved in the research process may use traditional techniques and the said
technique may prevail.

6. Abuse of discretion by the research team may be practiced due to too much trust and confidence
by the research participants and subjects of the study to them and they do not check and balance their
activities.

7. With full people’s participation, factors such as experiences, educational qualifications,

socioeconomic status, knowledge, abilities and skills will affect the benefit of the participants.
CHAPTER 10: THESIS PROPOSAL WRITING

ü Writing Requirements

1. Enthusiasm and diligence

2. Good background in research and statistics

3. Good command of the language used

4. Adequate resources

5. Convenient room for thinking and writing

ü Content and Structure of Proposal

· The Problem: Rationale and Background

This includes the statement of the problem, hypotheses, theoretical/conceptual framework, significance
of the study, scope and limitations of the study and definition of terms.

· Review of Related Literature

This consists of related legal bases, related literature, related studies and justification of the proposed
study.

· Methodology

This includes the research design, determination of sample size, sampling design and technique, the
subjects, the research instrument, validation of the research instrument, data gathering procedure, data
processing method and statistical treatment.

· Materials and Methods

This contains the research method, materials, procedure, training of the panelists, evaluation of the
product, and statistical treatment.

· Schedule of Activities

This includes the time frame for every activity of the thesis proposal.

· Bibliography

The list of references used by the proponent in preparing the thesis proposal.

· Appendix

· Curriculum Vitae

It contains all personal data/information about the proponent.