Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 44 views

    Morphology-Basic Allomorphs

    Uploaded by

    farabi nawar
    Morphology is the study of morphemes, the smallest units of meaning in language. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes that can stand alone like "cat", and bound morphemes that need to be attached to other morphemes like suffixes. Affixes are bound morphemes that can be prefixes attached before a word or suffixes attached after. Morphemes can have allomorphs where their sounds change depending on context. The productivity of morphemes refers to how commonly they can be combined to form new words. Morphological analysis examines the hierarchical structure of complex words.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Morphology-Basic Allomorphs

    Uploaded by

    farabi nawar
    44 views3 pages
    Morphology is the study of morphemes, the smallest units of meaning in language. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes that can stand alone like "cat", and bound morphemes that need to be attached to other morphemes like suffixes. Affixes are bound morphemes that can be prefixes attached before a word or suffixes attached after. Morphemes can have allomorphs where their sounds change depending on context. The productivity of morphemes refers to how commonly they can be combined to form new words. Morphological analysis examines the hierarchical structure of complex words.

    Original Title

    morphology-basic allomorphs

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Morphology is the study of morphemes, the smallest units of meaning in language. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes that can stand alone like "cat", and bound morphemes that need to be attached to other morphemes like suffixes. Affixes are bound morphemes that can be prefixes attached before a word or suffixes attached after. Morphemes can have allomorphs where their sounds change depending on context. The productivity of morphemes refers to how commonly they can be combined to form new words. Morphological analysis examines the hierarchical structure of complex words.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views3 pages

    Morphology-Basic Allomorphs

    Uploaded by

    farabi nawar
    Morphology is the study of morphemes, the smallest units of meaning in language. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes that can stand alone like "cat", and bound morphemes that need to be attached to other morphemes like suffixes. Affixes are bound morphemes that can be prefixes attached before a word or suffixes attached after. Morphemes can have allomorphs where their sounds change depending on context. The productivity of morphemes refers to how commonly they can be combined to form new words. Morphological analysis examines the hierarchical structure of complex words.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    lOMoARcPSD|8230253

    Morphology - Lecture notes 4

    Introduction to Linguistic Science (Concordia University)

    StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university


    Downloaded by farabi nawar (faraobon@gmail.com)
    lOMoARcPSD|8230253

    Morphology

    What is a morpheme?
     Smallest linguistic unit that carries meaning
     Sound-meaning pair: to know a word you have to know what it means and know what it
    sounds like
     Make up words
     Ex. Cat: /kaet/
     Ex. Un-tie-able: one word but 3 morphemes
     Ex. Antidisestablishmentarianism

    Types of Morphemes
     Free morpheme: able to stand along (ex. Cheese, cat, empire)
     Bound morpheme: needs to be combined in order to be present in a sentence (ex. <s>
    in cat-s)

    Affixes (aka bound morphemes)


     Suffix: right side attached (ex. Quick-ly)
     Prefix: left side attached (ex. Un-real)
     Infix: inside a morpheme (ex. Kalama-fucking-zoo)
    o Un-fucking-believable: morpheme is between two morphemes, so it is not an
    infix
    o Abso-fucking-lutely: fucking is an infix

    Reduplication
     To convert from singular to plural: first syllable is repeated at the beginning of the word
    o /mara/ (singular) -> /mamara/ (plural)

    Allomorphs
     Morphemes can have allomorphs, their sounds changing depending on the
    (phonologcal) commorphology
     Two different flavours of a single morphine (or more than two)
     English plural is not as straight forward as we thought
     /-s/ and /-z/ and /-iz/
    o Cats AND dogs AND matches
    o All associated with the same meaning… more than one of that thing... Plural
     Distribution
    o /-s/ goes after voiceless consonants (except those that that the /-iz/)
    o /-z/ goes after voiced consonants
    o /-iz/ goes after affricates and fricatives that are alveolar or alveo-palatal
     Rules and underlying form
    o Note: always remains in slashes even after rule
    o Choose “elsewhere case” for underlying form

    Downloaded by farabi nawar (faraobon@gmail.com)


    lOMoARcPSD|8230253

    o /-z/ = underlying form; default form


    1. After alveolar fricatives and affricative, if yes insert /-iz/
    2. After voiceless consonant, if yes insert /-s/
    3. Otherwise /-z/ (Underlying representation)

    Productivity (on a spectrum from productive to unproductive)


     Productive: can combine with adjectives to form new nouns (-ity and -ness)
     Unproductive: cannot combine to an adjective to form a new word (-th)

    Hierarchical Structure
     Untieable knots (can untie it vs you can’t tie it)
    o Ambiguous – more than one possible interpretation
    o Un- tie-able (un- means not and -able means able to)
     Structural vs Lexical ambiguity
    o Lexical ambiguity: words that sound alike but actually have different meanings;
    ambiguity due to the word itself having various meanings
     Ex. She can’t bear children
    1. She hates children
    2. She can’t give birth
    3. She can’t carry children, they are too heavy and quirmy
    o Structural ambiguity: a difference of how those morphemes are grouped
    together in complex words causes this ambiguity
     Ex. This knot is untiable
    1. A can untie this knot (untie-able)
    2. It’s impossible to tie that knot it’s too complicated (un-tieable)

    Downloaded by farabi nawar (faraobon@gmail.com)

    You might also like