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    Prosody - Professor Mcnamara (Unit 2) Prosody - Professor Mcnamara (Unit 2)

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    farabi nawar
    This document discusses prosody, which includes suprasegmentals like stress, intonation, and timing that can be changed. It focuses on stress patterns in words (lexical stress) and how stress is perceived based on fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration. Stress can alter vowel and consonant articulation. The prosodic unit of an intonational phrase is also introduced, along with feet, syllables, onset, rime, nucleus, and coda. Phonotactics and principles like sonority sequencing and maximal onset are overviewed in relation to syllable structure.

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    Prosody - Professor Mcnamara (Unit 2) Prosody - Professor Mcnamara (Unit 2)

    Uploaded by

    farabi nawar
    15 views4 pages
    This document discusses prosody, which includes suprasegmentals like stress, intonation, and timing that can be changed. It focuses on stress patterns in words (lexical stress) and how stress is perceived based on fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration. Stress can alter vowel and consonant articulation. The prosodic unit of an intonational phrase is also introduced, along with feet, syllables, onset, rime, nucleus, and coda. Phonotactics and principles like sonority sequencing and maximal onset are overviewed in relation to syllable structure.

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    prosody-professor-mcnamara-unit-2

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    This document discusses prosody, which includes suprasegmentals like stress, intonation, and timing that can be changed. It focuses on stress patterns in words (lexical stress) and how stress is perceived based on fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration. Stress can alter vowel and consonant articulation. The prosodic unit of an intonational phrase is also introduced, along with feet, syllables, onset, rime, nucleus, and coda. Phonotactics and principles like sonority sequencing and maximal onset are overviewed in relation to syllable structure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views4 pages

    Prosody - Professor Mcnamara (Unit 2) Prosody - Professor Mcnamara (Unit 2)

    Uploaded by

    farabi nawar
    This document discusses prosody, which includes suprasegmentals like stress, intonation, and timing that can be changed. It focuses on stress patterns in words (lexical stress) and how stress is perceived based on fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration. Stress can alter vowel and consonant articulation. The prosodic unit of an intonational phrase is also introduced, along with feet, syllables, onset, rime, nucleus, and coda. Phonotactics and principles like sonority sequencing and maximal onset are overviewed in relation to syllable structure.

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    lOMoARcPSD|8230253

    Prosody - Professor McNamara (Unit 2)

    Introduction to Applied Phonetics (Syracuse University)

    StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university


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    lOMoARcPSD|8230253

     Suprasegmentals
    o Prosody
     Stress
     Intonation
     Timing
     Pausing
    o Para-linguistics
     Non-verbal

     What we change
    o Stress
    o Intonation
    o Timing
     Where we change it
     Prosodic Unit: The Intonational Phrase
    o A single intonational phrase contains one major peak with the highest pitch and stress
     While I was walking, I saw a groundhog.
    o A single sentence can contain multiple intonational phrases which are typically
    separated by commas in the written representation.
    o Intonation contour:
     Sometimes called a pitch contour
     The pattern of pitch changes over an utterance
    o The pitch and rhythm contour, called a prosodic contour, associated with a sequence
    o Foot: a group of syllables that contains one stressed syllable with optional weak syllables
     Trochee- a foot that consists of a strong syllable followed by a weak syllable
     Iamb- a foot that consists of a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable
    o A VOWEL IS TYPICALLY THE NUCLEUS OF A SYLLABLE
     Prosodic Unit: The Prosodic Unit
    o English is considered a trochaic language
    o However, English also have words in which a weak syllable is followed by a strong
    syllable.
     These words behave as if they contained one trochaic foot and one weak
    syllable that is not affiliated with any foot (unfooted)
     Eg: "Banana"
     Unfooted syllables are PARTICULARLY vulnerable to deletion in young
    children

    The Syllable
     Units of Prosody: Syllables
    o The syllable is a necessary unit to describe stress patterns and the phonetic
    characteristics of larger units, such as phrases or clauses
    o The syllable has a loosely specified internal structure and an auditory impact in the flor
    of speech
     But the "syllable" is HARD TO DEFINE!
     So let's define the syllable by its structure…
    o Hierarchically beneath the syllable are the components of:
     Onset

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    lOMoARcPSD|8230253

     Rime (rhyme)
    o Onset- beginning of a syllable
     It may take the form of no consonant (null or Ø), one consonant, or a cluster of
    two or more consonants.
    o Rime (can also be spelled rhyme)
     the part of a syllable that consists of the nucleus and an option coda.
    o Nucleus:
     the peak of sonority in a syllable, typically a vowel.
    o Coda:
     the final margin of a syllable, consisting of one or more consonants.
    o The shape and internal structure of syllables are governed by language-specific rules:
    o *Phonotactics:
    phonological rules that dictate what positions in the syllable a particular phonetic segment is
    permitted to occupy and how sounds can combine.
    o Sonority sequencing principle- principle whereby segments with different manners of
    articulation are arranged into syllables so the each syllable has a single peak of sonority
    o Maximal onset principle- approach to syllabification in which consonants are assigned to
    the onset of a syllable unless a phototactically illegal sequence of consonants would result
    Vowel reduction- as stress goes down or rate goes up
    Vowels become shorter
    Tongue can't get to all corners
    CENTRALIZE

    What we can change= stress, intonation, timing


    Where we change it= syllable

    Stress
     Degree of prominence or emphasis associated with a particular syllable in a word or with a word
    in a phrase, clause, or sentence
     Stress perception is related to three acoustic parameters:
    o Fundamental frequency
    o Intensity
    o Duration
     It is important for clinical purposes to be aware that stress can alter vowel and consonant
    articulation
     When a syllable is stressed, its articulatory movements tend to become larger, with the result
    that the movements in stressed syllables are more contrastive.

    Lexical Stress
     A stress pattern intrinsic to a word.
     Multiple syllables in a word may carry different degrees of stress:
    o Primary
    o Secondary
    o Tertiary

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    lOMoARcPSD|8230253

     If the vowel gets reduced, it is probably 3 (loses so much stress that it loses the
    quality of what it sounds like)
     The level of stress on a syllable must be determined relative to other syllables in the same word
    or utterance.

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