FOREWORD ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر‬

The Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) reflect the ‫ ( ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬IPS ) ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum and are ‫وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
intended for use in the oil and gas production
،‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ و ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬،‫و ﮔﺎز‬
facilities, oil refineries, chemical and
petrochemical plants, gas handling and processing ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﻓﺮاورش ﮔﺎز و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
installations and other such facilities. .‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
IPS is based on internationally acceptable ‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﻴﻦ‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
standards and includes selections from the items ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰﻳﺪهﻫﺎﺋﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
stipulated in the referenced standards. They are
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر و‬.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
also supplemented by additional requirements
and/or modifications based on the experience ‫ ﻣﻮاردي‬،‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻻ از ﺑﺎزار داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺎز‬
acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and .‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
the local market availability. The options which
are not specified in the text of the standards are ‫ﻣﻮاردي از ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ آورده ﻧﺸﺪه‬
itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can select ‫اﺳﺖ در داده ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﻤﺎره ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
his appropriate preferences therein.
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
The IPS standards are therefore expected to be ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt .‫اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
these standards to their requirements. However,
‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
they may not cover every requirement of each
project. For such cases, an addendum to IPS ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬.‫ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬
Standard shall be prepared by the user which ‫ اﻳﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ‬.‫آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
elaborates the particular requirements of the user.
This addendum together with the relevant IPS ‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ آن ﭘﺮوژه و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎر‬،‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
shall form the job specification for the specific .‫ﺧﺎص را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد‬
project or work.
The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﺮ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار‬
every five years. Each standards are subject to ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و روزآﻣﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردي ﺣﺬف و ﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ‬
latest edition of IPS shall be applicable
.‫ﻫﻤﻮاره آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The users of IPS are therefore requested to send ‫ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ و‬،‫از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
their views and comments, including any ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات اﺻﻼﺣﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد‬
addendum prepared for particular cases to the
‫ ﻧﻈﺮات و‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ارﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎص ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ‬
following address. These comments and
recommendations will be reviewed by the relevant ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ در ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در‬
technical committee and in case of approval will ‫ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ در ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
be incorporated in the next revision of the
standard. .‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬

‫ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ‬،‫ ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺨﺎن زﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮان‬،‫اﻳﺮان‬

Standards and Research department
No.19, Street14, North kheradmand 19 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ‬
Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran .
‫اداره ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬
1585886851 : ‫ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ‬
Postal Code- 1585886851
66153055 ‫ و‬88810459 - 60 : ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬
Tel: 88810459-60 & 66153055
021-88810462 : ‫دور ﻧﮕﺎر‬
Fax: 88810462
Standards@nioc.org :‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ‬
Email: Standards@nioc.org
GENERAL DEFINITIONS: : ‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
Throughout this Standard the following .‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬
definitions shall apply.

COMPANY : : ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ‬
companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum ‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز اﻳﺮان‬،‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
such as National Iranian Oil Company, National
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ و ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ و ﭘﺨﺶ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎي‬
Iranian Gas Company, National Petrochemical
Company and National Iranian Oil Refinery And .‫ﻧﻔﺘﻲ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
Distribution Company.

PURCHASER : :‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
Means the "Company" where this standard is a ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﺳﻔﺎرش‬
part of direct purchaser order by the “Company”, ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ آن ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬
and the “Contractor” where this Standard is a part
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﻗﺮارداد آن اﺳﺖ‬
of contract document.

VENDOR AND SUPPLIER: :‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه و ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬

Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي‬
fabricate the equipment or material. .‫ﻣﻮرد ﻟﺰوم ﺻﻨﻌﺖ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
CONTRACTOR: :‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬
Refers to the persons, firm or company whose ‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدش‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
tender has been accepted by the company. .‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
EXECUTOR : : ‫ﻣﺠﺮي‬
Executor is the party which carries out all or part of ‫ﻣﺠﺮي ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي‬
construction and/or commissioning for the project. .‫اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ و ﻳﺎ راه اﻧﺪازي ﭘﺮوژه را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
INSPECTOR : :‫ﺑﺎزرس‬
The Inspector referred to in this Standard is a ‫ﮔﺮوه ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪاي اﺗﻼق‬/‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎزرس ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد‬
person/persons or a body appointed in writing by ‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺒﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
the company for the inspection of fabrication and
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
installation work

SHALL: :‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
Is used where a provision is mandatory. .‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺟﺒﺎري اﺳﺖ‬
SHOULD: :‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
Is used where a provision is advisory only.

WILL: :‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
Is normally used in connection with the action by ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
the “Company” rather than by a contractor, .‫ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
supplier or vendor.

MAY: : ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬

Is used where a provision is completely .‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
discretionary.
 IPS-E-CE-500(1)

ENGINEERING STANDARD

FOR

LOADS

FIRST REVISION
JANUARY 2009

‫اﺳﺘـﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨـﺪﺳﻲ‬

‫ﺑـﺮاي‬

‫ﺑـﺎرﮔـﺬاري‬

‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ اول‬
1387 ‫دي‬

This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﻘﻮق آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ‬.‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ‬
Petroleum. All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ آن ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any ،‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬،‫از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
third party, reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior .‫ﻳﺎ روش دﻳﮕﺮي در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻓﺮاد ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
written consent of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
 Jan. 2009 / 1387 ‫دي‬ IPS-E-CE-500(1)

PART I

DESIGN LOADS FOR ONLAND

BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

I ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬

‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ وارد ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ‬

‫و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي در ﺧﺸﻜﻲ‬

1
 Jan. 2009 / 1387 ‫دي‬ IPS-E-CE-500(1)

Page
CONTENTS : : ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
No
0. INTRODUCTION ............................................. 6
6 .............................................................. ‫ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬-0
PART I:
: I ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
1. SCOPE ................................................................ 9
7 ...................................................... ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
2. REFERENCES .................................................. 8
8 ............................................................. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
3. DEFINITIONS................................................... 9
9 ............................................................ ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬-3
4. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............. 9
9 .............................................. ‫ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ و اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬-4
5. UNITS ................................................................. 11
11 ............................................................ ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
6. BASIC REQUIREMENTS ............................... 11
11 .................................................. ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﭘﺎﻳﻪ اي‬-6
6.1 Safety ........................................................... 11
11 ........................................................ ‫ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬1-6
6.2 Serviceability ............................................... 11
11 ........................................... ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬2-6
6.3 Self-Straining Forces .................................. 11
11 ................................... ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد ﻛﺮﻧﺸﻲ‬3-6
6.4 Analysis........................................................ 11
11 .......................................................‫ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬4-6
6.5 General Structural Integrity ..................... 11
11 ............................... ‫ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزه‬5-6
7. ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS .......................... 12
12 .............................. ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬-7
7.1 Wind Load................................................... 12
12 ........................................................ ‫ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎد‬1-7
7.2 Snow Loads ................................................. 14
14 ................................................ ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺮف‬2-7
7.3 Seismic (Earthquake) Loads ...................... 20
20 .................................. (‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻟﺮزهاي )زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬3-7
8. DEAD LOADS ................................................... 20
20 ..................................................... ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده‬-8
8.1 Definition ..................................................... 20
20 ....................................................... ‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬1-8
8.2 Weight of Materials and Constructions ... 21
21 ...................... ‫ وزن ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬2-8

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8.3 Weight of Fixed Service Utilities ............... 21

21 .................................... ‫ وزن ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬3-8
8.4 Special Considerations ............................... 21
21 ............................................ ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت وﻳﮋه‬4-8
8.5 Equipment Load, (Q) ................................. 22
22 ........................................ (Q) ‫ ﺑﺎر ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬5-8
9. LIVE LOADS .................................................... 23
23 ...................................................... ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه‬-9
9.1 Definition ..................................................... 23
23 ....................................................... ‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬1-9
9.2 Load Values................................................. 23
23 ...................................................‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺎر‬2-9
9.3 Reduction of Uniformly Distributed
Loads ........................................................... 26
26 .......... ‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي )زﻧﺪه( ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬3-9
9.4 Limitations on Live-Load Reduction ........ 27
27 ..........................‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه‬4-9
9.5 Minimum Roof Live Loads (Lr) ................ 27
27 ........................ ( Lr ) ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﺑﺎم‬5-9
9.6 Special Considerations ............................... 29
29 ............................................ ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت وﻳﮋه‬6-9
10. OTHER LOADS .............................................. 30
30 ........................................................ ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ‬-10
10.1 Crane Loads and Moving Loads (C) ...... 30
30 .................. ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬1-10
10.2 Differential Settlement, (ds) ..................... 30
30 ............................(ds) ‫ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻏﻴﺮﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬2-10
10.3 Dynamic (Vibration) Loads ..................... 30
30 ........................ (‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ )ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ‬3-10
10.4 Erection Loads, (er) .................................. 31
31 ....................................... (er) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺼﺐ‬4-10
10.5 Factored Loads ......................................... 32
32 ......................................... ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﻳﺒﺪار‬5-10
10.6 Fluid Loads (F) ......................................... 32
32 ........................................ (F) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎل‬6-10
10.7 Horizontal Loads ...................................... 32
32 .............................................. ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﻓﻘﻲ‬7-10
10.8 Hydrostatic Pressure, (H) ........................ 33
33 ............................ (H) ‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬8-10
10.9 Impact Loads, (I) ...................................... 33
33 ..................................... (I) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ اي‬9-10
10.10 Maintenance Loads, (M) ........................ 35
35 ...................... (M) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬10-10
10.11 Thermal Loads (T) ................................. 35
35 .......................................... ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬11-10

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10.12 Loads of Vessels, Columns, etc. ............. 37

37 .................... ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻜﻬﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺎزن‬12-10
11. COMBINATIONS OF LOADS...................... 37
37 ............................................. ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬-11
11.1 General ...................................................... 37
37 ...................................................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-11
11.2 Combinations of Loads
Using Strength Design ............................ 38
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬2-11
38 ................................ ‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
11.3 Combining Nominal Loads
Using Allowable Stress Design ................ 39
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬3-11
39 ................‫از روش ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎز‬
APPENDICES:
APPENDIX IA BASES FOR DESIGN
OF STRUCTURES ...................... 40
:‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬
40 .......................... ‫ اﻟﻒ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ‬-I ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
IA.1 General ........................................................... 40
40 ..................................................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-‫اﻟﻒ‬-I
IA.2 Density Values ............................................... 40
40 ...........................................‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ‬2-‫اﻟﻒ‬-I
APPENDIX IB DESIGN LOADS FOR
BUILDINGS-LIVE LOADS ..... 56
56 ......... ‫ ب ﺑﺎرﻫــﺎي ﻃﺮح ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﻫــﺎي زﻧﺪه‬-I ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
IB.1 Scope ............................................................... 56
56 ................................................‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬1-‫ب‬-I
IB.2 Live (Imposed) Floor and Ceiling Loads ..... 57
57 ..................... ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه وارد ﺑﺮ ﺳﻘﻒ و ﻛﻒ‬2-‫ب‬-I
APPENDIX IC ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR BLAST RESISTANT BUILDINGS
AND STRUCTURES ........................ 67
‫ج اﻟﺰاﻣــﺎت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳــﺎزهﻫﺎ‬-I ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
67 .................... ‫و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤــﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺿﺪ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬
IC.1 Scope............................................................... 67
67 ............................................... ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬1-‫ج‬-I
IC.2 References ...................................................... 67
67 ....................................................... ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬2-‫ج‬-I
IC.3 Definitions ...................................................... 67
67 .....................................................‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬3-‫ج‬-I
IC.4 Loads .............................................................. 67
67 ......................................................... ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ‬4-‫ج‬-I
IC.5 Structure Design ............................................ 70
70 ............................................... ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزه‬5-‫ج‬-I

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IC.6 Foundation Design ........................................ 73

73 ............................................ ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺎﻟﻮده‬6-‫ج‬-I
IC.7 Doors and Openings ...................................... 74
74 ............................................ ‫ درﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻫﺎ‬7-‫ج‬-I
APPENDIX ID EARTHQUAKE DESIGN BASES
IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES. 76
76 ..... ‫د ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه در ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‬-I ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
ID.1 Scope............................................................... 76
76 ................................................. ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬1-‫د‬-I
ID.2 References ...................................................... 76
76 ........................................................ ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬2-‫د‬-I
ID.3 Seismic Zone .................................................. 76
76 ........................................... ‫ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬3-‫د‬-I

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0. INTRODUCTION ‫ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬-0
The purpose of this Standard is to specify the ‫ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ )ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ( وارد ﺑﺮ‬
external forces (loads) acting on a structure, ‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و ﺗﻬﻴﻪ راﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت اﺻﻠﻲ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
which are classified in accordance with the nature
‫ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاريﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي‬
of the source and in order to provide some
guidance on the fundamental characteristics of .‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
various types of loadings.

For convenience of use, this standard has been ‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ دو ﻗﺴﻤﺖ زﻳﺮ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده آﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮ‬
divided into two parts: :‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬

PART I DESIGN LOADS FOR ON LAND ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ وارد ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي‬I ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES ‫در ﺧﺸﻜﻲ‬
This Part applies to loads recommended in current ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ‬،‫اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي‬
design specifications for conventional structural
materials used in on land general buildings ‫ در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬،‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ‬
construction and in oil industries. ‫ در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ‬،‫ﺳﺎزه ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ روي ﺧﺸﻜﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﭘﺮدازد‬

PART II DESIGN LOADS IN OFFSHORE ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ وارد ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ و‬II ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
AND ONSHORE STRUCTURES ‫ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
This Part is applicable to special structures such ،‫اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي وﻳﮋه از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬
as offshore platforms and onshore jetties etc. It
consists of all loads that may influence the ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫اﺳﻜﻠﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻣﻲﭘﺮدازد‬
dimensioning of offshore and onshore structures ‫ در ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﻪ آن‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
or parts thereof during the expected life of the ‫وارد ﺷﻮد و در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ از‬
structure.
.‫ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫آﻧﻬﺎ اﺛﺮ ﮔﺬار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Note: :‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
1) Throughout this standard, the symbol AR ‫ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬،AR ‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﻧﻤﺎد‬،‫( در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1
denotes the authorized Representative of the .‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Owner.

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1. SCOPE ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1

This Standard provides minimum load ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
requirements for the design of buildings and other .‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ را اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
structures.
The loads specified herein are suitable for use ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎ و‬
with the stresses and load factors recommended in
،‫ ﻓﻮﻻدي‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
current design specifications for concrete, steel,
wood, masonry, and any other conventional ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎزهاي ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف در‬،‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬
structural materials used in buildings. .‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺳﺎزي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
This Standard is also intended for use in oil ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي‬
refineries, chemical plants, gas plants and, where ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ و در ﻣﻮارد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﻤﺎل در‬،‫ ﮔﺎز‬،‫ﻧﻔﺖ‬
applicable, in exploration and new ventures.
.‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت و ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
This Standard also includes the design loads for ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ وارد ﺑﺮ‬
buildings to resist blast forces (see Appendix IC). ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬
‫ج ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬-I ‫ )ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬.‫)ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.(‫ﺷﻮد‬
Note 1: :1 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
This standard specification is reviewed and ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1377 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در اﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
updated by the relevant technical committee on 1 ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
March 1998, as amendment No. 1 by circular No.
.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬29 ‫ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
29.

Note 2: :2 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
This standard specification is reviewed and ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1384 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
updated by the relevant technical committee on 2 ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
May 2005, as amendment No. 2 by circular No.
.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬259 ‫ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
259.

Note 3: :3 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
This bilingual standard is a revised version of the ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد دو زﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
standard specification by the relevant technical ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم و‬1387 ‫ﻛﻪ در دي ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
committee on January 2009, which is issued as
(0) ‫ از اﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬.‫( اراﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬1) ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
revision (1). Revision (0) of the said standard
specification is withdrawn. .‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

Note 4: :4 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
In case of conflict between Farsi and English ‫ ﻣﺘﻦ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫در ﺻﻮرت اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
languages, English language shall govern. .‫ﻣﻼك ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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2. REFERENCES ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
Throughout this Standard the following dated and ‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار و‬
undated standards/codes are referred to. These ‫ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ در‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬.‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ زﻳﺮ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
referenced documents shall, to the extent specified
‫ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‬
herein, form a part of this standard. For dated
references, the edition cited applies. The ‫ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
applicability of changes in dated references that ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻼك ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ در‬
occur after the cited date shall be mutually agreed
upon by the Company and the Vendor. For
‫ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬،‫آﻧﻬﺎ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
undated references, the latest edition of the ‫ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬.‫اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
referenced documents (including any supplements .‫اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
and amendments) applies.

ACI (AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE) (‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ACI

318-05 "Building Code Requirements for "‫ "آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬318-05
Structural Concrete"

API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE) (‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬API

650-05 "Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage" "‫ "ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺟﻮﺷﻲ ﺑﺮاي ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻣﻮاد ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‬650-05

ASCE (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL (‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮان آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ASCE

ENGINEERS)
ASCE 7-05 "Minimum Design Loads for ‫ "ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎ و‬ASCE 7-05
Building and other Structures"
"‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ‬
IRANIAN NATIONAL BUILDING CODES ‫ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اﻳﺮان‬
Loads in Buildings Part 6-1385 1385 - ‫ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ‬- ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارد ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬

BHRC (BUILDING AND HOUSING (‫) ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن و ﻣﺴﻜﻦ‬ BHRC
RESEARCH CENTER)

BHRC-PNS 253"Iranian Code of Practice for ‫ "آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬2800 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
Seismic Resistant Design of "(‫ )وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ ﺳﻮم‬2800 ‫زﻟﺰﻟﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
Buildings Standard No. 2800-
05 (3rd Edition)"

BSI (BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION) (‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬BSI

6399 Part 2-02 "Code of Practice for Wind "‫ "آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎد‬2-02 ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ‬6399
Loads"

IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS) (‫ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬IPS

IPS-E-GN-100 "Engineering Standard for "‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬IPS-E-GN-100
Units"

IPS-E-CE-200 "Engineering Standard for ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي‬IPS-E-CE-200

Concrete Structures" "‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
IPS-E-CE-390 "Engineering Standard for Rain ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي زﻫﻜﺸﻲ آب‬IPS-E-CE-390
and Foul Water Drainage of "‫ﺑﺎران و آب آﻟﻮده ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎ‬
Buildings"

IPS-G-CE-170 " Engineering and Construction ‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي‬IPS-G-CE-170

Standard for Culvert Bridges "‫ﭘﻞﻫﺎي آﺑﮕﺬر و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬

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and Related Structures"

MCA (MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS (‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬MCA

ASSOCIATION)
Safety Guide, SG-22-1978 SG-22-1978 ،‫راﻫﻨﻤﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬
"Sitting and Construction of New Control ‫"ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
Houses for Chemical Manufacturing Plants" "‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
3. DEFINITIONS ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬-3
For the purposes of this Standard, the following :‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ رﻓﺖ‬
definitions apply: ‫ ﻣﺪارك ﻓﻨﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬،‫ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ‬:‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ‬
APPROVAL: AR’s approval in writing of plans, .‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
drawings and specification, etc.
‫ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ داﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬:(‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮش )ﻗﺒﻮل‬
ACCEPTANCE: AR’s acceptance in writing that
information submitted in
‫ ﺑﻪ‬،‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ‬
connection with approval, e.g. ‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
methods calculations or special .‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬
investigations, has been found
acceptable.

4. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ‫ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ و اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬-4

In this part of the Standard the following general ‫در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻋﻼﺋﻢ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي اﻧﻮاع‬
symbols are used for various load classifications. ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ در ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ اراﺋﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬
Other symbols are defined in the section where
:‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
they are used:

C = Crane load, see sub-clause 10.1 .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬1-10 ‫ ﺑﻪ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ‬،‫ = ﺑﺎر ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬C

D = Dead load consisting of: :‫ = ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬D
a) Weight of the structural member itself. ‫اﻟﻒ( وزن ﺧﻮد اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزه‬
b) Weight of materials of construction ‫ب( وزن ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻛﻪ‬
incorporated into the building to be ‫ از‬،‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزهاي ﺑﻄﻮر داﺋﻤﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
permanently supported by the structural
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
member, including built-in partitions.
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬3-8 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬.‫ج( وزن داﺋﻤﻲ اﺟﺰاء ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺗﻲ‬
c) Weight of permanent service utilities. see
8.3. .‫ﺷﻮد‬

E = Earthquake (Seismic) load, see 7.3. (‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬3-7 ‫ = ﺑﺎر زﻟﺰﻟﻪ )ﻟﺮزهاي()ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬E

F = Loads due to fluids with well-defined ‫ = ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه و‬F
pressures and maximum heights. .‫ارﺗﻔﺎعﻫﺎي ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬

H = Loads due to the weight and lateral pressure ‫ = ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از وزن و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺧﺎك و آب ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در‬H
of soil and water in soil, see 10.8. (‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬8-10 ‫ﺧﺎك )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬

hb = height of balanced snow load see 7.2.7 (‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬7-2-7 ‫ = ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺮف ﻣﻌﺎدل)ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬hb

hc = clear height from top of balanced snow load ‫( ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬1) ‫ ﺗﺎ‬،‫ = ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻮﺛﺮ از ﺑﺎﻻي ﺑﺮف ﻣﻌﺎدل‬hc
to (1) closest point on adjacent upper roof,(2) ‫( ﺑﺎﻻي‬3) ‫ ﻳﺎ‬،‫( ﺑﺎﻻي ﺟﺎن ﭘﻨﺎه‬2) ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎم ﻣﺠﺎور ﺑﺎﻻ دﺳﺖ‬
top of parapet, or (3) top of a projection on
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬7-2-7‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﺎم )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
the roof see 7.2.7

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I = Impact load, See 10.9. (‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬9-10‫ = ﺑﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺿﺮﺑﻪ )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬I

L = Live loads due to intended use and ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ = ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از دوران اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ‬L
occupancy, including loads due to movable ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﺷﻴﺎء ﻣﺘﺤﺮك و ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
objects and movable partitions and loads
‫و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻃﻮل ﻣﺪت ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬
temporarily supported by the structure
during maintenance. L includes any ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬L ‫ ﻣﻘﺪار‬.‫ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺮ آن وارد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
permissible reduction. If resistance to ‫ اﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ اي در‬.‫ﻣﺠﺎز ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
impact loads is taken into account in
design, such effects shall be included with L ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﺛﺮ آن در ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه‬
the live load L, see 9. .(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬9 ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲﺷﻮد )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
Lr = Roof live loads, see 9.5. (‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬5-9 ‫ = ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﺑﺎم )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬Lr

M = Maintenance load, see 10.10. (‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬10-10 ‫ = ﺑﺎر ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬M

pf = snow load on flat roofs ("flat" = roof slope ‫ ﺑﺎمﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ‬،‫ = ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف وارد ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎمﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﺖ )ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﺗﺨﺖ‬pf
≤5°) see 7.2.9 ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬9-2-7 ‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ( )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬5 ْ ‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
(‫ﺷﻮد‬
pg = ground snow load as determined from Map 2 ‫ و ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره‬1 ‫ = ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬pg
no.1 and Table 2;

Q = Weight of equipments such as pumps, ‫ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬،‫ = وزن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ‬Q
compressors, motors, etc. see 8.5. (‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬5-8 ‫)ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬

R = Required dynamic resistance to blast loads, ‫ = ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از‬R
see Appendix IC. (‫ج ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬-I ‫اﻧﻔﺠﺎر )ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬

T = Thermal loads;= Self starting forces and ‫ = ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ؛ = اﺛﺮات ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻛﻪ در اﺛﺮ‬T
effects arising from contraction or ‫ اﻓﺖ‬،‫اﻧﻘﺒﺎض و اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت‬
expansion resulting from temperature
‫ ﺧﺰش ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬،‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬،‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
changes, shrinkage, moisture changes, creep
in component materials, movement due to ‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎرن ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از‬،‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬
differential settlement, or combinations .(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬11-10 ‫آﻧﻬﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
thereof, see 10.11.

V = Vibration (Dynamic) load, see 10.3. .(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬3-10 ‫ = ﺑﺎر ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ )دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ( )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬V

W = Wind load, see 7.1. .(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬1-7 ‫ = ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎد )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬W

Ve. = Empty weight of vessels, columns, etc., see 1-12-10 ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬،‫ = وزن ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﺎزن‬Ve.
10.12.1. .(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬

Vo. = Operating weight of vessels, columns, etc., ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري )ﺑﻪ‬،‫ = وزن ﻣﺨﺎزن‬Vo.
see sub 10.12.2. .(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-12-10 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬

Vt. = Testing load of vessels, columns etc., see ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬،‫ = ﺑﺎر ﺗﺤﺖ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺨﺎزن‬Vt.
10.12.3. .(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬3-12-10

er = Erection load, see clause 10.4. .(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬4-10 ‫ = ﺑﺎر ﻧﺼﺐ )ﺑﻨﺪ‬er

ds = Differential settlement, see 10.2. .(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-10‫ = ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎرن )ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬ds

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5. UNITS ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
This standard is based on International System of ‫ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬،(SI) ‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
Units (SI), as per IPS-E-GN-100 except where ‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-E-GN-100 ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
otherwise specified.
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ دﻳﮕﺮي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
6. BASIC REQUIREMENTS ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﭘﺎﻳﻪ اي‬-6
6.1 Safety ‫ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬1-6
Buildings or other structures, and all parts thereof, ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﺟﺰاي آﻧﻬﺎ‬
shall be designed and constructed to support ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ از‬
safely all loads, including dead loads, without
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده را ﺑﺪون اﻳﻨﻜﻪ از ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎز ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
exceeding the allowable stresses (or specified
strengths when appropriate load factors are ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزه و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت )ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖﻫﺎي‬
applied) for the materials of construction in the ‫ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬،‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ(ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
structural members and connections.
.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
6.2 Serviceability ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬2-6
Structural systems and components thereof shall ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي و اﺟﺰاي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺪود ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎي‬
transverse deflections, lateral drift, vibration, or
‫ ﻟﺮزش ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬،‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬،‫ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬
any other deformations that may adversely affect
the serviceability of building or structure. ‫دﻳﮕﺮي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﺎزه ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﮔﺬارد را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
6.3 Self-Straining Forces ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد ﻛﺮﻧﺸﻲ‬3-6
Provision shall be made for self-straining forces ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد ﻛﺮﻧﺸﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻬﺎي‬
arising from assumed differential settlements of ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎرن اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺎﻟﻮدهﻫﺎ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬
foundations and from restrained dimensional
‫ ﺧﺰش و‬،‫ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬،‫ اﻧﻘﺒﺎض‬،‫ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬،‫اﺑﻌﺎد ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات دﻣﺎ‬
changes due to temperature changes, moisture
expansion, shrinkage, creep and similar effects. .‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲﻫﺎي ﻻزم اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬

6.4 Analysis ‫ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬4-6

Load effects on individual components and ‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان اﺛﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬،‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎزه‬
connections shall be determined by accepted ‫از ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از اﺟﺰاء و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺳﺎزه را ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬
methods of structural analysis, taking equilibrium,
‫ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ و ﺧﻮاص ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت و ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺪت‬،‫ﺗﻌﺎدل‬
geometric compatibility, and both short and long
term material properties into account. Members ‫ در ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﺟﺰاﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
that tend to accumulate residual deformations ‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﺲﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ را‬،‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺗﻜﺮارﺷﻮﻧﺪه‬
under repeated service loads shall have included
in their analysis the added eccentricities expected ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺮوج از ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﻛﻪ در ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ‬،‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
to occur during their service life. .‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري آﻧﻬﺎ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر رخ دادن ﻣﻲرود‬

6.5 General Structural Integrity ‫ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزه‬5-6

Through accident or misuse, structures capable of ،‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎدرﻧﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
supporting safely all conventional design loads ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﺪم ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎر‬،‫در اﺛﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺎدﺛﻪ ﻳﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ‬
may suffer local damage, that is, the loss of load
‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ دﭼﺎر‬،‫در ﻳﻚ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ از ﺳﺎزه‬
resistance in an element or small portion of the
structure. In recognition of this, buildings and ‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺣﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬.‫ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
structural systems shall posses general structural ‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬،‫و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
integrity, which is the quality of being able to
sustain local damage with the structure as a whole ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ آﺳﻴﺐﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و‬
remaining stable and not being damaged to an .‫ اﺳﺘﻮار ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺪون ﮔﺴﺘﺮش آﺳﻴﺐ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺎزه‬

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extent disproportionate to the original local ‫ آراﻳﺶ‬،‫ﻣﺘﺪاوﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ روش دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺳﺎزه‬
damage. The most common method of achieving
‫اﺟﺰاء ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري ﻛﻠﻲ ﺳﺎزه را ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ‬
general structural integrity is through an
arrangement of the structural elements that gives ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻛﺎﻓﻲ در ﺟﺬب اﻧﺮژي )اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮي( در‬
stability to the entire structural system, combined ‫اﻋﻀﺎء و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ از ﻫﺮ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ آﺳﻴﺐ دﻳﺪه‬
with the provision of sufficient continuity and
energy absorbing capacity (ductility) in the ‫ اﻳﺠﺎد‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺠﺎور ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺪون ﻓﺮورﻳﺨﺘﻦ‬
components and connections of the structure to .‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
transfer loads from any locally damaged region to
adjacent regions capable of resisting these loads
without collapse.

7. ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬-7

7.1 Wind Load ‫ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎد‬1-7
For requirements governing the determination of ‫در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎد در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎ و‬
wind loads in the design of buildings and ‫ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ‬2 ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ‬BS 6399 ‫ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن‬،‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ‬
structures, reference is made to the British
.‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اﻳﺮان ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
Standards, BS 6399 part 2 or Iranian National
Building code part 6.

For guidance, Table 1. Illustrates the velocity and ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎد را در اﻳﺮان ﻧﺸﺎن‬،1 ‫ ﺟﺪول‬،‫ﺑﺮاي راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬
pressure of wind in Iran.(reference: Iranian ‫ )ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ ﻣﻘﺮرات‬.‫ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‬
National Building code part 6.)
.(‫ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اﻳﺮان ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
For the wind design loads of petroleum plants in ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎد‬
Iran, this standard recommends the use of latest ‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻣﺎر ﮔﺮد آوري ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬،‫در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ اﻳﺮان‬
statistics gathered by the Iranian Meteorological
‫اداره ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰارﺷﺎت ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ و ﻧﻤﻮدار وﺿﻊ‬
Bureau, i.e., the Annual Yearbooks, and the Wind
Roses. .‫ﻫﻮا و ﮔﻠﺒﺎد را ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

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TABLE 1- VELOCITY AND BASIC PRESSURE OF WIND IN IRAN

‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺒﻨﺎء ﺑﺎد در اﻳﺮان‬-1 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

VELOCITY OF WIND BASIC WIND PRESSURE
STATION (City) ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺒﻨﺎء ﺑﺎد‬
(‫ﻧﺎم اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه )ﺷﻬﺮ‬ (V) km/h daN/m2
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫دﻛﺎ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
1. Abadan ‫آﺑﺎدان‬ 90 40.5
2. Abadeh ‫آﺑﺎده‬ 100 50.0
3. Abali ‫آﺑﻌﻠﻲ‬ 110 60.5
4. ARAK ‫اراك‬ 90 40.5
5. ARDABIL ‫اردﺑﻴﻞ‬ 130 84.5
6. URUMIYEH ‫اروﻣﻴﻪ‬ 90 40.5
7. Aghajari ‫آﻏﺎﺟﺮي‬ 110 60.5
8. ISFAHAN ‫اﺻﻔﻬﺎن‬ 110 60.5
9. Omidiyeh ‫اﻣﻴﺪﻳﻪ‬ 110 60.5
10. AHWAZ ‫اﻫﻮاز‬ 110 60.5
11. Iran Shahr ‫اﻳﺮاﻧﺸﻬﺮ‬ 110 60.5
12. Babolsar ‫ﺑﺎﺑﻠﺴﺮ‬ 100 50.0
13. Bojnurd ‫ﺑﺠﻨﻮرد‬ 130 84.5
14. Bam ‫ﺑﻢ‬ 110 60.5
15. Bandar Anzali ‫ﺑﻨﺪر اﻧﺰﻟﻲ‬ 110 60.5
16. BANDAR ABBAS ‫ﺑﻨﺪر ﻋﺒﺎس‬ 100 50.0
17. Bandar Lengeh ‫ﺑﻨﺪر ﻟﻨﮕﻪ‬ 90 40.5
18. BUSHEHR ‫ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ‬ 100 50.0
19. Birjand ‫ﺑﻴﺮﺟﻨﺪ‬ 90 40.5
20. Parsabad Moghan ‫ﭘﺎرس آﺑﺎد ﻣﻐﺎن‬ 100 50.0
21. TABRIZ ‫ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‬ 110 60.5
22. Torbat-e-Heydarieh ‫ﺗﺮﺑﺖ ﺣﻴﺪرﻳﻪ‬ 80 32.0
23. TEHRAN ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ 100 50.0
24. Jask ‫ﺟﺎﺳﻚ‬ 100 50.0
25. Siri ‫ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﺳﻴﺮي‬ 110 60.5
26. Kish ‫ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻛﻴﺶ‬ 100 50.0
27. Chabahar ‫ﭼﺎﺑﻬﺎر‬ 90 40.5
28. KHORAMABAD ‫ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد‬ 80 32.0
29. Khoy ‫ﺧﻮي‬ 90 40.5
30. Dezful ‫دزﻓﻮل‬ 110 60.5
31. Ramsar ‫راﻣﺴﺮ‬ 90 40.5
32. RASHT ‫رﺷﺖ‬ 90 40.5
33. Zabol ‫زاﺑﻞ‬ 120 72.0
34. ZAHEDAN ‫زاﻫﺪان‬ 130 84.5
35. ZANJAN ‫زﻧﺠﺎن‬ 80 32.0
36. Sabzevar ‫ﺳﺒﺰوار‬ 90 40.5
37. Serakhs ‫ﺳﺮﺧﺲ‬ 110 60.5
38. Saqez ‫ﺳﻘﺰ‬ 100 50.0
39. SEMNAN ‫ﺳﻤﻨﺎن‬ 80 32.0
40. SANANDAJ ‫ﺳﻨﻨﺪج‬ 90 40.5
41. Shahrud ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺮود‬ 80 32.0
42. SHAHR-e-KORD ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻛﺮد‬ 80 32.0
43. SHIRAZ ‫ﺷﻴﺮاز‬ 80 32.0
44. Tabas ‫ﻃﺒﺲ‬ 90 40.5
45. Fasa ‫ﻓﺴﺎ‬ 90 40.5
46. Ghaem Shahr ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ 90 40.5
47. QAZVIN ‫ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ‬ 100 50.0
48. QOM ‫ﻗﻢ‬ 90 40.5
49. Kashan ‫ﻛﺎﺷﺎن‬ 100 50.0
50. KERMAN ‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎن‬ 130 84.5
51. KERMANSHAH ‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه‬ 90 40.5
52. GORGAN ‫ﮔﺮﮔﺎن‬ 80 32.0
53. Maragheh ‫ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ‬ 110 60.5
54. MASHHAD ‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ 90 40.5
55. Manjil ‫ﻣﻨﺠﻴﻞ‬ 130 84.5
56. Noshahr ‫ﻧﻮﺷﻬﺮ‬ 90 40.5
57. HAMADAN ‫ﻫﻤﺪان‬ 100 50.0
58. YAZD ‫ﻳﺰد‬ 110 60.5

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7.2 Snow Loads ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺮف‬2-7

This clause gives minimum imposed roof loads ‫در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮف ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎم‬
that may be applied by snow accumulation for use .‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ و اﺟﺰاء آﻧﻬﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
in designing buildings and building components.

7.2.1 Zoning ‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬1-2-7

Various parts of the country have been classified ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺪت ﺑﺎرش ﺑﺮف ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
into four zones according to the intensity of :‫ﺷﺶ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ زﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
annual snowfall:

Zone I: Regions with no previous record of ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺪون ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎرش ﺑﺮف ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮف‬: I ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
snowfall. .‫ﻧﺎدر‬
Zone II: Regions with low rate of snowfall. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮف ﻛﻢ‬: II ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬

Zone III: Regions with medium rate of snowfall. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮف ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬: III ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬

Zone IV: Regions with high rate of snowfall. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮف زﻳﺎد‬: IV ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬

Zone V: Regions with heavy snowfall. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮف ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬: V ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬

Zone VI: Regions with ultra heavy snowfall. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮف ﻓﻮق ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬: VI ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬

The above zones are shown in Map No. 1. .‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬1 ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻓﻮق در ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬

7.2.2 Calculation of snow load ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف‬2-2-7

Snow Load shall be determined according to the 2 ‫ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي و ﺷﻴﺐ ﺑﺎم ﻃﺒﻖ ﺟﺪول‬
zoning and slope of the roof, as shown in Table 2 .‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
below:

TABLE 2- SNOW LOAD, IN kPa (kN/m2), AS APPLIED ON THE

HORIZONTAL PROJECTION OF THE ROOF
(kN/m2) ‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬، ‫ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف وارده ﺑﺮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺎم‬-2 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

ZONE SLOPE OF THE ROOF ‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﺑﺎم‬

‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
15° OR LESS 60° OR MORE
20° 25° 35° 45°
‫ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬15° ‫ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬60°
I 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
II 0.50 0.50 0.45 0.35 0.25 0.25
III 1.00 0.95 0.85 0.7 0.50 0.25
IV 1.5 1.40 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.40
V 2.00 1.85 2.00 1.35 1.0 0.5
VI 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.00 1.50 0.75

Note 1: :1 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Figures shown in Table 1 are the least amounts. In ‫ در‬.‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬1 ‫ارﻗﺎم اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺪول‬
regions, with unusual conditions, where snowfall ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟﻮي ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺷﺪت‬
is more intense, loads applicable to that condition
‫ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ آن ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺎرش ﺑﺮف ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
shall be used.
.‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
7.2.3 Snow loads on roofs ‫ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف روي ﺑﺎم‬3-2-7
In the design of roofs the greater value of either 3 ‫( و ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه )ﺟﺪول‬2‫در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف )ﺟﺪول‬

14
 Jan. 2009 / 1387 ‫دي‬ IPS-E-CE-500(1)

snow load (as given in Table 2) or live load (as ‫ ب( ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﻛﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬-I ‫و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
given in Table 3 and Appendix IB) shall be
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد و ﻻزم ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺮ دو اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن در‬
assumed, and these two need not be considered
simultaneously. .‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

7.2.4 Accumulation of snow ‫ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮف‬4-2-7

If there is a possibility of accumulation of snow in ‫اﮔﺮ اﻣﻜﺎن اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮف در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي ﺑﺎم ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
some parts of the roof due to its geometric shape, ‫ اﺛﺮ اﻳﻦ‬،‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ آن ﻳﺎ وزش ﺑﺎد و ﻏﻴﺮه وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
wind, etc., then the effect of this accumulation
.‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
shall be considered in the calculations.

7.2.5 Unloaded portions ‫ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪه‬5-2-7

The effect of removing half the balanced snow ‫اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻧﻴﻤﻲ از ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﻣﻌﺎدل در ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ از ﺳﻄﺢ‬
load from any portion of the loaded area shall be .‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه‬
considered.

Note 2: :2 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
In many situations a reduction in snow load on a ‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف روي ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﺑﺎم در اﺛﺮ‬،‫در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬
portion of a roof by wind scour, melting, or snow- ‫ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ‬،‫ ذوب ﺷﺪن ﺑﺮف ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮف روﺑﻲ‬،‫وزش ﺑﺎد‬
removal operations will simply reduce the stresses
‫ در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از‬،‫ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ وﺟﻮد‬.‫در اﻋﻀﺎء ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﺑﺎم ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
in the supporting members. However, in some
cases a reduction in snow load from an area will ‫ﻣﻮارد ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي‬
induce heavier stresses in the roof structure than ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮي در ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎم ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺎم از ﺑﺮف‬
occur when the entire roof is loaded. Cantilevered
roof joists are a good example; removing half the ‫ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪﻫﺎي ﻃﺮه اي ﺑﺎم ﻣﺜﺎل ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ در‬.‫ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
snow load from the cantilevered portion will ‫ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف از ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻃﺮهاي‬.‫اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
increase the bending stress and deflection of the
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ و ﺧﻴﺰ در دﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﺎور آن ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬
adjacent continuous span. In other situations
adverse stress reversals may result. ‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ‬،‫ در ﺳﺎﻳﺮ وﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎ‬.‫ﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎ ﺷﻮد‬
7.2.6 Unbalanced roof snow loads ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎدل ﺑﺮف روي ﺑﺎم‬6-2-7
Balanced and unbalanced loads shall be analyzed .‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺮف ﻣﻌﺎدل و ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎدل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
separately. Winds from all directions shall be ‫در ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ وزش ﺑﺎد از ﺟﻬﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد‬
accounted for when establishing unbalanced loads.
.‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺎر ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎدل ﺑﺮف ﮔﺮدد‬
7.2.7 Drifts on lower roofs ‫ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺎمﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻲ‬7-2-7
Roofs shall be designed to sustain localized loads ‫ﺑﺎمﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از‬
from snowdrifts that form in the wind shadow of ‫ )اﻟﻒ( در ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ‬:‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف در اﺛﺮ وزش ﺑﺎد‬
(a) higher portions of the same structure and (b)
‫ﻫﻤﺎن ﺳﺎزه و )ب( در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و ﻋﻮارض ﻣﺠﺎور ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد را‬
adjacent structures and terrain features.
.‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

A) Lower roof of a structure. ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎم ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻲ ﺳﺎزه‬

Snow that forms drifts comes from a higher ‫ﺑﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎم ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊﺗﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮ وزش ﺑﺎد در ﺟﻬﺖ‬
roof or, with the wind from the opposite ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف ﺑﺮ روي آن اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه‬
direction, from the roof on which the drift is
‫ اﻳﻦ دو‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‬،‫اﺳﺖ‬
located. These two kinds of drifts ("leeward"
and "windward respectively) are shown in Fig. ‫ﻧﻮع از اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ )ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ روﺑﻪ ﺑﺎد و ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎد( در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
1. The geometry of the surcharge load due to ‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺎر اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از‬.‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬1
snow drifting shall be approximated by a
triangle as shown in Fig.2. Drift loads shall be 2 ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬،‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف‬

15
 ‫دي ‪Jan. 2009 / 1387‬‬ ‫)‪IPS-E-CE-500(1‬‬

‫‪superimposed on the balanced snow load. If‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف‪،‬‬
‫‪hc/hb , is less than 0.2, drift loads are not‬‬
‫‪required to be applied.‬‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﮔﺮ ‪ hc/hb‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ‪0/2‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎزي ﺑﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف‬
‫ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪The magnitude of drift surcharge loads and the‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ و ﭘﻬﻨﺎي‬
‫‪width of the drift shall be determined by using‬‬ ‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎمﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬
‫‪the method developed for lower roofs in‬‬
‫‪ASCE-7 section 7.‬‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ 7‬از ‪ ASCE-7‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪B) Adjacent structures and terrain features.‬‬ ‫ب( ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و ﻋﻮارض ﻣﺠﺎور‬
‫‪The requirements in sub-clause “a” shall also‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ "اﻟﻒ" ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از‬
‫‪be used to determine drift loads caused by a‬‬
‫‪higher structure or terrain feature within 6.1m‬‬
‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮفﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﺳﺎزه ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺗﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻮارض ﻣﺠﺎور‬
‫‪(20 ft) of a roof. The separation distance, s,‬‬ ‫در ﺣﺪﻓﺎﺻﻞ ‪ 6/1‬ﻣﺘﺮي )‪ 20‬ﻓﻮﺗﻲ( از ﺑﺎم اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫‪between the roof and adjacent structure or‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ اﻧﻔﺼﺎل ‪ s‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎم و ﺳﺎزه‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﻮارض‬
‫‪terrain feature shall reduce applied drift loads‬‬
‫‪on the lower roof by the factor (6.1-s)/6.1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎور آن‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫‪where s is in m.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮف روي ﺑﺎم ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪(6.1-s)/6.1‬‬
‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ؛ ﻛﻪ ‪ s‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎد‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﺑﺎد‬ ‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎد‬
‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﺑﺮف‬

‫‪Fig. 1- DRIFTS FORMED AT WINDWARD AND LEEWARD STEPS‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -1‬ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻳﺠﺎد اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎمﻫﺎي رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎد و ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎد‬

‫ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از‬

‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف‬

‫ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﻣﻌﺎدل‬

‫‪Fig. 2- CONFIGURATION OF SNOW DRIFTS ON LOWER ROOFS‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -2‬آراﻳﺶ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎمﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻲ‬

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7.2.8 Roof projections ‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎم‬8-2-7

The method in Section 7.2.7 (a) shall be used to ‫ )اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي‬7-2-7 ‫از روش ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺨﺶ‬
calculate drift loads on all sides of roof projections
and at parapet walls. The height of such drifts ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎم و‬
shall be taken as three-quarters the drift height ‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻳﻦ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲﻫﺎ‬.‫دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺟﺎن ﭘﻨﺎه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬
determined from section 7 of ASCE-7. If the side 7 ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺳﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺑﺨﺶ‬
of a roof projection is less than 4.6 m (15 ft) long,
a drift load is not required to be applied to that ‫ اﮔﺮ ﻃﻮل ﻳﻚ ﺿﻠﻊ‬.‫ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬ASCE-7 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
side. ‫ ﻻزم ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎر‬،‫ﻓﻮت( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬15) ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬4/6 ‫از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎم ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد‬
7.2.9 Sliding snow ‫ ﻟﻐﺰش ﺑﺮف‬9-2-7
The load caused by snow sliding off a sloped roof ‫ﺑﺎر ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻟﻐﺰش ﺑﺮف روي ﺑﺎم ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ‬
onto a lower roof shall be determined for slippery ‫دﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ روﻳﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺷﻴﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ‬
upper roofs with slopes greater than 1/4 on 12, and
‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎي ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺘﻲ‬12 ‫ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺑﺮ روي‬
for other (i.e., non-slippery) upper roofs with
slopes greater than 2 on 12. The total sliding load ‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ در‬12 ‫ ﺑﺮ روي‬2 ‫)ﻏﻴﺮ ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه( ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
per unit length of eave shall be 0.4pfW, where W ‫ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻟﻐﺰش ﺑﺮ واﺣﺪ ﻃﻮل ﻟﺒﻪ‬.‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
is the horizontal distance from the eave to ridge
for the sloped upper roof. The sliding load shall be ‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬W ‫ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ‬0.4pfW ‫ﺑﺎم ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
distributed uniformly on the lower roof over a ‫ ﺑﺎر‬.‫اﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﺎم ﺗﺎ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺮاس ﺑﺎم ﺷﻴﺒﺪار ﺑﺎﻻ دﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
distance of 4.6 m (15 ft) from the upper roof eave.
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻟﻐﺰش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺮ روي‬
If the width of the lower roof is less than 4.6 m,
the sliding load shall be reduced proportionally. ‫ﻓﻮت( از ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﺎم ﺑﺎﻻ‬15) ‫ ﻣﺘﺮي‬4/6 ‫ﺑﺎم ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻲ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
4/6 ‫ اﮔﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺎم ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻲ از‬.‫دﺳﺘﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻟﻐﺰش ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬،‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The sliding snow load shall not be further reduced ‫ﺑﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻟﻐﺰش ﺑﺮف ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻣﻮارد ﻓﻮق ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
unless a portion of the snow on the upper roof is ‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﺑﺮف روي ﺑﺎم ﺑﺎﻻ دﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﻲ‬
blocked from sliding onto the lower roof by snow
‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼً روي ﺑﺎم ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎرﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﺪود ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و‬
already on the lower roof or is expected to slide
clear of the lower roof. .‫ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ روي آن ﺑﻠﻐﺰد‬
Sliding loads shall be superimposed on the .‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻟﻐﺰش ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﻣﻌﺎدل اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
balanced snow load

7.2.10 Extra loads from rain-on-snow ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺮف‬10-2-7

For locations where ground snow load, is 0.96

‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻳﺎ‬0/96 ‫در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف آﻧﻬﺎ‬
kN/m2 or less, but not zero, all roofs with slopes ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬،‫ اﻣﺎ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬،‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
(in degrees) less than W/15.2 (where W is the ‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬W/15.2 ‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ و ﺷﻴﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ )ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ( از‬
horizontal distance from the eave to ridge in m) ‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ اﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﺎم از ﺧﻂ اﻟﺮاس ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ‬W) ،‫اﺳﺖ‬
shall have a 0.24 kN/m2 rain -on-snow surcharge. ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺮف‬
This rain-on-snow augmented design load applies
‫ اﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬0/24 ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
only to the balanced load case and need not be
used in combination with drift, sliding, ‫ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﺑﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺮف‬
unbalanced, or partial loads. ‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻘﺎرن اﻋﻤﺎل ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﻟﺰوﻣﻲ ﻧﺪارد در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ‬
.‫ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎرن ﻳﺎ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬،‫ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ‬

7.2.11 Ponding instability (‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب )آب اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ‬11-2-7

Roofs shall be designed to preclude ponding .‫ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ از ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪن آب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

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instability. For roofs with a slope less than 1.2 ‫ ﻛﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬،‫ درﺟﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ‬1/2 ‫در ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ از‬
degree, roof deflections caused by full snow loads
‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪن آب ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺮف ﻳﺎ ذوب ﺷﺪن‬
shall be investigated when determining the
likelihood of ponding instability from rain-on- ‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮف را در آﻧﻬﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد‬
snow or from snow melt-water. .‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
7.2.12 Rain loads ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎران‬12-2-7
A) Roof drainage ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب ﺑﺎم‬
Roof drainage systems shall be designed in ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب ﺑﺎم ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻣﻨﺪرج در‬
accordance with the provisions of the ‫ " اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب‬IPS-E-CE-390
IPS-E-CE-390: " Engineering Standard for
.‫آﻟﻮده و آب ﺑﺎران ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ" ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
Rain and Foul Water Drainage of Buildings".
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ )ﺳﺮرﻳﺰ( ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
Secondary (overflow) drains shall not be
smaller than primary drains. .‫اﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

B) Ponding loads ‫ب( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از آب اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ‬

Roofs shall be designed to preclude instability ‫ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬
from ponding loads. .‫از ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪن آب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
C) Blocked drains ‫ج( ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺪود ﺷﺪه ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب‬
Each portion of a roof shall be designed to ‫در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب ﻳﻚ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ از ﺑﺎم‬
sustain the load of all rainwater that could ‫ آن ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﮕﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه‬،‫ﻣﺴﺪود ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
accumulate on it if the primary system for that
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻤﺎم آب ﺑﺎران ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪه در آن‬
portion is blocked. Ponding instability shall be
considered in this situation. If the overflow ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ و اﻣﻜﺎن ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪن آب در اﻳﻦ‬
drainage provisions contain drain lines, such ‫ درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ دﻓﻊ آب‬.‫ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
lines shall be independent of any primary drain
lines. ‫ اﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از‬،‫ﺳﺮرﻳﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺧﻂ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي دﻓﻊ آب اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
D) Controlled drainage ‫د( ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه‬
Roofs equipped with controlled drainage ‫ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه ﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬
provisions shall be equipped with a secondary ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب ﻓﺮﻋﻲ در ﺗﺮاز ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
drainage system at a higher elevation which
‫ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي ﻛﻪ از ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪن آب ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺎم در‬،‫ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
prevents ponding on the roof above that
elevation. Such roofs shall be designed to ‫ اﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي‬.‫آن ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
sustain all rainwater loads on them to the ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
elevation of the secondary drainage system
plus 0.24 kPa. Ponding instability shall be ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل را‬0/24 ‫ﺗﺮاز ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﻌﻼوه‬
considered in this situation. ‫ اﻣﻜــﺎن ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪن آب در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬

7.2.13 Snow load in special cases ‫ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف در ﻣﻮارد ﺧﺎص‬13-2-7

Whenever snow may compile or effect the ‫ﻫﺮﮔﺎه اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎر‬
intensity of other loads (such as wind loads) not ‫ اﻳﻦ‬،‫ﺑﺎد( وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ذﻛﺮ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
mentioned in this Standard, these effects shall be
.‫اﺛﺮات ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
taken into account.

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MAP NO.1-GROUND SNOW LOAD, FOR 50-YEAR MEAN RECURRENCE INTERVAL

FOR VARIOUS REGIONS OF IRAN

(COURTESY OF IRANIAN METEOROLOGICAL BUREAU)
‫ ﺳﺎل‬50 ‫ – ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬1 ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬

( ‫)ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان‬

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7.3 Seismic (Earthquake) Loads (‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻟﺮزهاي )زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬3-7

7.3.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-3-7
All buildings and structures shall be designed to ‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ ﺑﮕﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬
withstand the effects of seismic forces as well as ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺑﺎد و‬.‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺑﺎد را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
wind effects. Wind and seismic forces are
‫زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزه اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و اﺛﺮات آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬
assumed to act separately and their effects shall
not be considered simultaneously. .‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬

Generally, structures and their components shall ‫ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎت آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎب ﺗﺤﻤﻞ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬،‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ‬
be able to thoroughly withstand the greatest stress ‫ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آﻣﺪه در اﺛﺮ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه و ﺑﺎد را داﺷﺘﻪ‬
caused by wind and earthquake.
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
Structures are designed individually in either one ‫ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺠﺰا و‬،‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از دو اﻣﺘﺪاد اﺻﻠﻲ‬
of the principal directions, without considering the ‫ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬.‫ﺑﺪون در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
other direction. Simultaneous effects of seismic
.‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن اﺛﺮات ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي زﻟﺰﻟﻪ در ﻫﺮ دو ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
forces in both directions need not be considered.

In the seismic design of structures, only the ‫ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ اﻓﻘﻲ ﻧﻴﺮوي‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬
horizontal component of the seismic force shall be ‫زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ‬
considered and the vertical component shall not be
:‫در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‬
taken into account, except for the following cases:

- For cantilevered balconies and projections ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻦﻫﺎي و ﭘﻴﺶآﻣﺪﮔﻲﻫﺎ )ﺑﻮﻳﮋه آﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎر‬-
(particularly those carrying considerable dead ‫ﻣﺮده ﺑﺮ ﻟﺒﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد( و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
load at the tip), and for buildings that house
‫ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺤﻮه ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﺑﺰار‬،‫ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬
technical instruments or special equipments
where the vertical component may cause a ‫ اﺛﺮ‬،‫دﻗﻴﻖ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺧﺎص ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ در اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬
malfunction, then the effect of vertical ‫ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬،‫ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬،‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﮔﺬارد‬
component shall be considered.
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
7.3.2 Lateral seismic forces ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬2-3-7
The minimum lateral seismic force in each ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از اﻣﺘﺪادﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
direction of a structure shall be calculated ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺪرج در "ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اﻳﺮان‬
according to the provisions of "Iranian National
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASCE-7 ‫– ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﺸﻢ" ﻳﺎ‬
Building Code-part 6” or ASCE-7.

Also as a guideline users are referred to "Iranian ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ "آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻟﺮزه اي ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت و‬
Seismic Code for Oil Industries" published by ‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ" از اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ – ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺖ‬
"Ministry of Petroleum-Deputy for Engineering
.‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ داﺧﻞ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ راﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
and Local Manufacturing”

7.3.3 Earthquake loads in industrial plants ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬3-3-7
For requirements governing the designing of ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي‬
structures in petroleum plants, see Appendix ID. .‫ د ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬-I ‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
8. DEAD LOADS ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده‬-8
8.1 Definition ‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬1-8
Dead loads comprise the weight of all permanent :‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از وزن اﺟﺰاي داﺋﻤﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
construction, including walls, floors, roofs, ‫ راه ﭘﻠﻪﻫﺎ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ ﺳﻘﻔﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻛﻒﻫﺎ‬،‫دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬
ceilings, stairways, and fixed service equipment,
.‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬
plus the net effect of prestressing.

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Moreover the following complementary items ‫ ﻣﻮارد ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ زﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده در ﻧﻈﺮ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه‬
shall be considered as dead load: :‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
- fireproofing; ‫ ﺑﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺿﺪ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺮدن ﺳﺎزه؛‬-
- sprinkler system; ‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ آﺑﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ؛‬-
- fixed partitions; ‫ ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ؛‬-
- all fixed equipment with the relevant fluid ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺳﻴﺎل درون آﻧﻬﺎ؛‬-
content;
- the vertical and horizontal pressures due to ‫ ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺳﻴﺎل ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺷﺪه؛‬-
the stored liquid;
- insulation weight. ‫ وزن ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻜﺎري؛‬-

8.2 Weight of Materials and Constructions ‫ وزن ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬2-8

In estimating dead loads for purposes of design, ‫در ﺑﺮآورد ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ وزن واﻗﻌﻲ‬
the actual weights of members and constructions ‫ در‬.‫اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ و ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
materials shall be used, provided that in the
‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬،‫ﺻﻮرت ﻧﺒﻮدن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
absence of definite information, values
satisfactory to the authority having jurisdiction are .‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
assumed.

Note: :‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
For information on dead loads, see Appendix IA, ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ درﺑﺎره ﺑــﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣـــﺮده ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
tables of Annex 1 and Annex 2. .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2 ‫ و‬1 ‫ اﻟﻒ و ﺟﺪاول ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬-I
8.3 Weight of Fixed Service Utilities ‫ وزن ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬3-8
In estimating dead loads for purposes of design, ‫ ﻫﺮﮔﺎه وزن ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت‬،‫در ﺑﺮآورد ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
the weight of fixed service utilities, such as ‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮﻗﻲ و‬،‫ دودﻛﺸﻬﺎ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬،‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬
plumbing stacks and risers, electrical feeders, and
‫ ﻫﻮارﺳﺎﻧﻲ و ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮع ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬
heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems,
shall be included whenever such equipment is ‫اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزه اي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ وزن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
supported by structural members. It is ‫ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد از اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن در اﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
recommended to utilize data provided by
manufacturers of such service utilities. .‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬

8.4 Special Considerations ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت وﻳﮋه‬4-8

Engineers, architects, and building owners are ‫ ﻣﻌﻤﺎران و ﻣﺎﻟﻜﺎن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن‬
advised to consider factors that may result in ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ را ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ و واﻗﻌﻲ‬
differences between actual and calculated loads.
.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
Experience has shown, that conditions are ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ اﮔﺮ در‬،‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ‬
encountered which, if not considered in design, ‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي آﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
may reduce the future utility of a building or
،‫ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ‬.‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﺪ‬
reduce its margin of safety. Among them are:
:‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد‬
8.4.1 Dead loads ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده‬1-4-8
There have been numerous instances in which the ‫در ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي دﻳﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ وزن واﻗﻌﻲ اﺟﺰاي‬
actual weights of members and construction ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن و ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﻔﺮوض در‬
materials have exceeded the values used in design.
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ؛ از اﻳﻦ رو ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ دﻗﺖ در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
Care is advised in the use of tabular values. Also,
allowances should be made for such factors as the ‫ اﺛﺮ‬،‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬.‫از ﺟﺪاول ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

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influence of formwork and support deflections on ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐﺑﻨﺪي و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ در اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬
the actual thickness of a concrete slab of
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ واﻗﻌﻲ ﻳﻚ دال ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺳﻤﻲ آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
prescribed nominal thickness.
.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد‬
8.4.2 Future installations ‫ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات آﺗﻲ‬2-4-8
Allowance should be made for the weight of ‫در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻣﻜﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻄﻮح ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ و‬
future wearing or protective surfaces where there .‫ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﻣﻲرود اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وزن آﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
is a good possibility that such may be applied.
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻛﺸﻲﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
Special consideration should be given to the likely
types and position of partitions, as insufficient ‫وﻳﮋهاي ﻧﻤﻮد زﻳﺮا اﻳﻦ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﺟﻮد دارد ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮي‬
provision for partitioning may reduce the future ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي آﺗﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
utility of the building.
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
8.4.3 Occupancy changes ‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي‬3-4-8
The possibility of later changes of occupancy ‫ﻻزم اﺳﺖ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﻧﺤﻮه ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي در آﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ‬
involving loads heavier than originally ‫ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ در اﺑﺘﺪا ﻓﺮض ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ‬
contemplated should be considered. The lighter
‫ ﻟﺰوﻣﺎً ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺳﺒﻜﺘﺮ از آﻧﭽﻪ در اﺑﺘﺪا ﺟﻬﺖ‬.‫ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد‬
loading appropriate to the first occupancy should
not necessarily be selected. If so chosen , .‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ‬

Considerable restrictions may be placed on the ‫ﭼﺮا ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻨﺼﻮرت ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
usefulness of the building at a later date. .‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ در ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن در آﻳﻨﺪه ﺷﻮد‬

Attention is directed also to the possibility of ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻣﻮﻗﺖ در ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
temporary changes in the use of a building, as in ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻮاﺑﮕﺎه ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ از ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي‬
the case of clearing a dormitory for any
.‫آن از ﻣﻮاردي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
recreational purpose.

8.4.4 Additions to existing structures ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬4-4-8

When an existing building or other structure is ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن و ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎزه اﺣﺪاث ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
enlarged or otherwise altered, all portions thereof ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از‬،‫و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
affected by such enlargement or alteration shall be
‫ در ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم‬.‫اﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
strengthened, if necessary, so that all loads will be
supported safely without exceeding the allowable ‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮر اﻳﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
stresses (or specified strengths, when appropriate ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺪون آﻧﻜﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي‬
load factors are applied) for the materials of
construction in the structural members and ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه اﻋﻀﺎ و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز )ﻳﺎ‬
connections. ‫ وﻗﺘﻲ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده‬،‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ﺷﺪه اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ( ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
8.4.5 Load tests ‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬5-4-8
The authority having jurisdiction may require a ‫ﻫﺮﮔﺎه ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻠﻲ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اﺣﺪاث ﺷﺪه ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻳﺎ‬
load test of any construction whenever there is ‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري زﻳﺮ ﺳﺆال ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
reason to question its safety for the intended
.‫ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ از ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن را درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
occupancy or use.

8.5 Equipment Load, (Q) (Q) ‫ ﺑﺎر ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬5-8

The weight of equipment, such as pumps, ‫ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‬،‫وزن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎ‬
compressors, motors, etc., shall be derived as far ‫از ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻮد و اﻳﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
as possible from manufacturer’s data and shall
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬،‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬
include controls, auxiliary machinery, piping, etc.
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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9. LIVE LOADS ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه‬-9

9.1 Definition ‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬1-9
Live loads are those loads produced by the use ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ﺑﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺣﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و‬
and occupancy of the building or other structure ‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ و اﻳﻦ‬
and do not include environmental loads such as
‫ ﺑﺎر‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎد‬
wind load, snow load, rain load, earthquake load,
or dead load. .‫ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﺎر زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه‬،‫ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎران‬،‫ﺑﺮف‬

Live loads on a roof are those produced: :‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﺑﺎم ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
1) during maintenance by workers, equipment, ‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و‬،‫( ﺑﺎر دوره ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﮔﺮان‬1
and materials .‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
2) during the life of the structure by movable ‫( ﺑﺎر اﺷﻴﺎء ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن و اﻓﺮاد در ﻃﻮل‬2
objects such as planters and by people.
.‫ﻣﺪت ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﺎزه‬
9.2 Load Values ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺎر‬2-9
9.2.1 The lowest nominal values of loads due to ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي و‬1-2-9
use and occupancy are defined as the most ‫ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن )ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري‬
unfavorable values for certain (or expected)
conditions of normal use of a building. ،‫ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﺑﻮدن( از ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻋﺎدي ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
.‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
9.2.2 When designing floors for uniformly ،‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻛﻔﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬2-2-9
distributed loads, the lowest characteristic value 3 ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ داده ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺪول‬
shall not be prescribed less than the values given
in Table 3.However, due to special consideration
‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬،‫ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﺧﺎص ﭘﺮوژه‬.‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
of the projects, Company may apply higher values ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮي را ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ و‬
according to Iranian or international standards. .‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﻴﺮد‬
9.2.3 For several floor zones which are used in ‫ در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻛﻔﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از آﻧﻬﺎ‬3-2-9
conditions similar to those in production and ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي و اﻧﺒﺎر ﻛﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
storage buildings, loads due to use and occupancy
shall be defined according to the rules for those
‫از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي و ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺮرات آن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ و‬
buildings and facilities. .‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﻮد‬

9.2.4 Besides uniformly distributed load, floors ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬4-2-9
shall also be designed for a concentrated load ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ را ﺑﺮ اﺟﺰاي ﻛﻒ‬
applied to the element of the floor to produce the
most unfavorable effects.
.‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

If detailed data for concentrated loads are not ‫در ﺻﻮرت ﻋﺪم دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻛﺎﻓﻲ درﺑﺎره ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬
available, the load shall be considered as applied 0/1 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬0/1 ‫ ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد‬،‫ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
to a square area 0.1 m × 0.1 m and its value taken :‫ﻣﺘﺮ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﻣﻘﺪار آن ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
equal to:

a) Floors and staircases: 1,5 kN; ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬1/5 ،‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻔﻬﺎ و ﭘﻠﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬
b) Loft space floors, roofs, terraces and 1/0 ،‫ ﺗﺮاﺳﻬﺎ و ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬،‫ب( ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺷﻴﺮواﻧﻲ‬
balconies: 1,0 kN; ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬
c) Roofs allowing movement of people only by ‫ج( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ اﺷﺨﺎص ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻞ ﭘﻴﺎده رو ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﻪ‬
footbridges: 0,5 kN.
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬0/5 ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮ روي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
9.2.5 The effect of significant dynamic loads shall ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺿﺮاﺋﺐ‬،‫ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬5-2-9

23
 Jan. 2009 / 1387 ‫دي‬ IPS-E-CE-500(1)

be taken into account by dynamic factors or by ‫دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎي ﺧﺎص دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
special dynamic analysis. For dynamic (vibration)
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ )ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ( ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
loads, see clause 10.3.
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‬3-10
9.2.6 Table 3 does not contain floor loads due to ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻒ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ اﻳﻦ‬3 ‫ ﺟﺪول‬6-2-9
partitions; these should be considered separately. ‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻻزم‬.‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
If it is necessary to take into account the effect of
the partitions not planned for in the design (or
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ )ﻳﺎ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
movable partitions), these can be considered as a ‫ درﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ وزن‬،‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ( در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
uniformly distributed load with a lowest nominal ‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر‬،‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬2/5 ‫ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎ از‬
value 0,5 kPa if their weight does not exceed 2,5
kN/m. In all other cases, the effect of partitions ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل در‬0/5 ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺪار اﺳﻤﻲ‬
shall be determined as a function of their position, ‫ در ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮارد اﺛﺮ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬.‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
their weight and their jointing to other elements of
the building. ‫ وزن و ﻧﺤﻮه اﺗﺼﺎل آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ اﺟﺰاء ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬،‫ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮي‬
.‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬

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TABLE 3 - LOWEST NOMINAL VALUES OF UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS

‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﺎر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬-3 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
Lowest
Nominal Values Of Loads.
BUILDINGS AND PREMISES kPa
NO. ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎ و ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه‬
(‫)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬

1 RESIDENTIAL FLATS, BEDROOMS IN KINDERGARTENS AND SCHOOLS, DWELLINGS, HOTEL ROOMS, 1.5
HOSPITAL AND SANATORIUM WARDS, ETC.
‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ در ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ و آﺳﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ آﭘﺎرﺗﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ و اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻫﺘﻠﻬﺎ‬،‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻣﺪارس‬،‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﺧﻮاب در ﻛﻮدﻛﺴﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬

OFFICES FOR ADMINISTRATION, TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC STAFF, CLASSROOMS IN SCHOOLS AND 2.0
2
COLLEGES, CLOAK-ROOMS, SHOWER-BATHS, LAVATORIES IN INDUSTRIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS
‫ ﺗﻮاﻟﺘﻬﺎ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬،‫ ﺣﻤﺎم ﻫﺎ‬،‫ رﺧﺘﻜﻦ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻛﻼﺳﻬﺎي درس و ﻣﺪارس و ﻛﺎﻟﺞ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻓﻨﻲ و ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬،‫دﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي اﻣﻮر اداري‬

STUDYROOMS AND LABORATORIES IN HEALTH, EDUCATION OR SCIENTIFIC ESTABLISHMENTS, ROOMS 2.0

3 WITH DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT, KITCHENS IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS, TECHNICAL FLOORS,
BASEMENTS, ETC.
،‫ ﻛﻔﻬﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬،‫ آﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﺮآوري داده ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ‬،‫ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ‬
.‫زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬

4 HALLS: :‫ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻫﺎ‬

A) READING-ROOMS (WITHOUT BOOKSHELVES) (‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ )ﺑﺪون ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺘﺎب‬ 2.0
B) DINING-ROOMS (IN CAFES, RESTAURANTS,ETC.) ( ...‫ رﺳﺘﻮراﻧﻬﺎ و‬،‫ب( ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﺧﻮري )در ﻛﺎﻓﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ 2.0
C) CONFERENCE-HALLS, WAITING-ROOMS, THEATRE AND CONCERT HALLS, 4.0
GYMNASIA, BALL-ROOMS, ETC.
.‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎي ورزﺷﻲ و ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎي رﻗﺺ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺌﺎﺗﺮ و ﻛﻨﺴﺮت‬،‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻈﺎر‬،‫ج( ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ‬
D) DEPARTMENT STORES ‫د( ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺑﺰرگ‬ 4.0
2.5
E) EXHIBITION HALLS (IN ADDITION TO EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS)
(‫ﻫ( ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ )ﺑﻬﻤﺮاه ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻣﻮاد‬
5 5.0
SHELVING IN LIBRARIES, OFFICES WITH FILING STORAGE, STAGES IN THEATRES, ETC.
.‫ ﺳﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺌﺎﺗﺮ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و دﻓﺎﺗﺮ داراي ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻳﮕﺎﻧﻲ‬
6 STANDS: :‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ‬
A) WITH FIXED SEATS ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎ ﺻﻨﺪﻟﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ 4.0
B) WITHOUT FIXED SEATS ‫ب( ﺑﺪون ﺻﻨﺪﻟﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ 5.0

7 LOFT SPACE (IN ADDITION TO THE WEIGHT OF EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS) 0.7
(‫اﻧﺒﺎري زﻳﺮ ﺷﻴﺮواﻧﻲ )ﺑﻬﻤﺮاه وزن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻟﻮازم‬

8 TERRACES AND ROOFS: :‫ﺗﺮاﺳﻬﺎ و ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬

1.5
A) ZONES FOR REST ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﺮاﺳﻬﺎ و ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
4.0
B) ZONES CROWDED BY PEOPLE LEAVING HALLS, OFFICES, PRODUCTION
BUILDINGS, ETC.
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ دﻓﺎﺗﺮ‬،‫ب( ﺗﺮاﺳﻬﺎ و ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎي ﭘﺮ ازدﺣﺎم در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺗﺮك ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻫﺎ‬

9 BALCONIES AND LOGGI :‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ و اﻳﻮاﻧﻬﺎ‬

4.0
A) STRIP UNIFORMLY LOADED IN AN AREA 0,8 m WIDE ALONG THE BARRIER
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ و در اﻣﺘﺪاد دﻳﻮار‬0/8 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻧﻮاري ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ در ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض‬
2.0
B) UNIFORMLY LOADED OVER THE WHOLE BALCONY AREA, IF ITS EFFECT IS
MORE UNFAVORABLE THAN THAT IN A)
‫ب( ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻦ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻊ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اﻟﻒ ﺷﻮد‬

10 LOBBIES, FOYERS, CORRIDORS, STAIRCASES (WITH ADJACENT PASSAGES), ADJOINING

PREMISES SPECIFIED IN :‫ راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ و ﭘﻠﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ )در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ(و ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت زﻳﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ ﺳﺮﺳﺮاﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻻﺑﻲ ﻫﺎ‬

A) No. 1 1‫اﻟﻒ( ردﻳﻒ‬ 2.5

B) Nos. 2 AND 3 3‫و‬2 ‫ب( ردﻳﻔﻬﺎي‬ 3.0
C) Nos. 4 AND 5 5‫و‬4 ‫ج( ردﻳﻔﻬﺎي‬ 4.0
D) No. 6 6 ‫د( ردﻳﻒ‬ 5.0

11 4.0
PLATFORMS OF RAILWAY AND SUBWAY STATIONS ‫ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي راه آﻫﻦ و اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﺮو‬
12 GARAGES AND CARPARKS FOR PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT VEHICLES (NOT FOR 2.5
TRUCKS) (‫ﮔﺎراژﻫﺎ و ﭘﺎرﻛﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻬﺎي ﺳﻮاري و وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‬

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Notes: :‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬
1) Loads specified in No. 8 shall be taken ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺠﺎي ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف در‬8 ‫( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه در ردﻳﻒ‬1
instead of snow loads if they give more ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲﺗﺮي را اراﺋﻪ‬
unfavorable results.
.‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬
2) Loads specified in No. 9 shall be taken into ‫ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬9 ‫( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه در ردﻳﻒ‬2
account when analyzing the load-bearing ‫اﺟﺰاي ﺑﺎرﺑﺮي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ )اﻳﻮاﻧﻬﺎ( را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬
elements directly supporting balconies
(loggias).
.‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬

3) Loads specified in the table include some ‫( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﺟﺪول اﺛﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﺎت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از‬3
allowance for impact arising from the usual ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ و ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ اﺷﺨﺎص و اﺛﺎﺛﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺰل را در ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف‬
movement of people and furniture.
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‬
4) If necessary, some standards may apply ‫( در ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي‬4
further subdivision to any floor zone for which ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻛﻔﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺟﺪول ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬
a single load value is specified in this table. For
example, some areas may be unloaded if this
‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮاي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﻲ‬
produces a more unfavorable effect. ‫ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺳﻄﻮح در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ اﺛﺮ‬.‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮي را اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ و ﺑﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
9.3 Reduction of Uniformly Distributed Loads ‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي )زﻧﺪه( ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬3-9
9.3.1 It is recommended that uniformly distributed ‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ )ﺑﺠﺰ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬1-3-9
loads (except the loads due to stationary ‫از ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه( ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ‬
equipment and stocked materials) are reduced for
analysis of: :‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

a) Floor beams - as a function of floor zone ‫ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ از اﺑﻌﺎد ﻛﻔﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬- ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻒ‬
dimensions supported by the beams (tributary (‫ )ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎرﮔﻴﺮ‬.‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
area);
‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻤﻮل‬،‫ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬،‫ب( ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬
b) Columns, walls, bases and foundations, as in
the previous case or as a function of the ‫ﺑﻨﺪ )اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ از ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻔﻬﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎر‬
number of floors supported above the floor .‫ﺑﺎﻻي ﺧﻮد را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
under consideration.

When analyzing beams with load tributary area A ،(‫ )ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬A ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎرﮔﻴﺮ‬
(in square meters), the load specified in Table 2, :‫ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬2 ‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎر اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺪول‬
may be reduced:

a) For premises specified in Nos. 1 and 2 of ‫ از ﺟﺪول‬2 ‫ و‬1 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
Table 3, multiplying by the factor: :‫ در ﺿﺮﻳﺐ زﻳﺮ ﺿﺮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬3
3 3
α1 = 0.3+P (if A > 18 m2) (1) α1 = 0.3+P ‫ ؛‬A>18m2 ‫( اﮔﺮ‬1
A A

b) for premises specified in No. 4 of Table 2, ‫ در‬2 ‫ از ﺟﺪول‬4 ‫ب( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
by multiplying by the factor: :‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ زﻳﺮﺿﺮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
3 3
α2 = 0.5+P (if A > 36 m2) (2) α2 = 0.5+P ‫ ؛‬A>36m2 ‫( اﮔﺮ‬2
A A

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When analyzing columns, walls, bases and ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اراﺋﻪ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﻟﻮدهﻫﺎ‬،‫ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬
foundations, the loads given in Table 3, may be :‫ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬3 ‫ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺪول‬
reduced:

a) For premises specified in Nos. 1 and 2 of Table 2 ‫ از ﺟﺪول‬2 ‫ و‬1 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
2, by multiplying by the factor: :‫در ﺿﺮﻳﺐ زﻳﺮ ﺿﺮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
0.6 0.6
η 1 = 0.3 + P (for n  2) (3) η 1 = 0.3+P n > 2 ‫( ﺑﺮاي‬3
n n

b) For premises specified in No. 4 of Table 3, by ‫ در ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬3 ‫ از ﺟﺪول‬4 ‫ب( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
multiplying by the factor: :‫زﻳﺮﺿﺮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
0.6 0.6
η2 = 0.5 + P (for n  2) (4) η2 = 0.5 + P n > 2 ‫( ﺑﺮاي‬4
n n

Where: :‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬

n is the numbers of completely loaded floors ‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻄﻮرﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬n
considered in the analysis (over the cross-section (‫ )ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﺑﺎﻻي ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ‬:‫ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬
considered):
η2 = 1 ‫ و‬η1 = 1 ، n =1 ‫ﺑﺮاي‬
for n =1, η 1= 1, and η2 =1.

Note: :‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
National standards may admit other methods of ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ روﺷﻬﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬
reducing the uniformly distributed loads as ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ را ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ از اﺑﻌﺎد زﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻃﺒﻘﺎت‬
functions of area dimensions and number of
‫ در ﻫﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺎر ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از اﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺑﭙﺬﻳﺮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
storey’s, provided the resulting load is not smaller
than the reduced load derived in accordance with ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺎر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
this Standard. .‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻮد‬
9.4 Limitations on Live-Load Reduction ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه‬4-9
‫ در‬،‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬4/8 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﻣﺴﺎوي ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
For live loads of 4.8 kPa or less, no reduction
shall be made for areas to be occupied as places of ،‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎع و ازدﺣﺎم‬
public assembly, for garages except as noted ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﺎرك ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎ )ﺑﺠﺰ ﮔﺎراژﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺮوﺣﻪ در زﻳﺮ( ﺑﺮاي‬
below, for one-way slabs, or for roofs except as ‫( ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬5-9 ‫ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ )ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﺑﻨﺪ‬،‫داﻟﻬﺎي ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ‬
permitted in Clause 9.5. For live loads that exceed ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬4/8 ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه اي ﻛﻪ از‬.‫ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داد‬
4.8 kPa and in garages for passenger cars only, ‫ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ و در ﮔﺎراژﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
design live loads on members supporting more ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﻃﺮح وارد ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺑﺮي ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
than one floor may be reduced 20%, but live loads
‫اﺟﺰاي ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
in other cases shall not be reduced except as
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ در ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬20‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬
permitted by the authority having jurisdiction.
‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ در ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻮز ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
.‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺻﺎدر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
9.5 Minimum Roof Live Loads (Lr) ( Lr ) ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﺑﺎم‬5-9

9.5.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-5-9

Roofs shall sustain, within stress limitation of this ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم‬،‫ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬،‫ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
standard, all dead loads, plus unit live loads as set ‫ ﺑﻌﻼوه ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪهاي ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده‬
forth in the following clauses, in which all roof
‫ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
slopes are measured from the horizontal and all

27
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loads are applied vertically. ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت اﻓﻘﻲ اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻋﻤﻮدي‬
.‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
9.5.2 Flat roofs ‫ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎي ﺗﺨﺖ‬2-5-9
(1)
The imposed load, including snow load(1) on flat ‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎر وارده ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎي ﺗﺨﺖ و ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎي‬
roofs and sloping roofs up to and including 10°, ‫ ﻛﻪ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد )ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ‬،‫ درﺟﻪ‬10 ‫ﺷﻴﺒﺪار ﺗﺎ‬
where access (in addition to that necessary for
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ‬1/5 ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺖ( ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
cleaning and repair) is provided to the roof, is 1.5
kN/m2 measured on plan or a 1.8 kN concentrated ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﻛﻪ‬1/8 ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﻓﻖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
load, whichever produces the greater stress. ‫ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ‬.‫ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
Where deflection is the design criterion, the
concentrated load is assumed to act in the position ‫ ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
which produces maximum deflection. ‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ را اﻳﺠﺎد‬
.‫ وارد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
(1)
The imposed load, including snow load(1), on flat
‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎر وارده ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎي ﺗﺨﺖ و ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎي‬
roofs and sloping roofs up to and including 10°, ‫ ﻛﻪ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد )ﺑﻐﻴﺮ از‬،‫ درﺟﻪ‬10 ‫ﺷﻴﺒﺪار ﺗﺎ‬
where no access is provided to the roof (other than ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬0/75 (‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺖ‬
that necessary for cleaning and repair), is 0.75 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ‬0/9 ‫در ﺳﻄﺢ اﻓﻖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
kN/m2 measured on plan or a 0.9 kN concentrated ‫ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ‬.‫ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
load, whichever produces the greater stress.
‫ ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Where deflection is the design criterion, the
concentrated load is assumed to act in the position ‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ را اﻳﺠﺎد‬
which produces maximum deflection. .‫ وارد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

9.5.3 Sloping roofs ‫ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎي ﺷﻴﺒﺪار‬3-5-9

(1)
The imposed loads, including snow load(1) on ‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎر وارده ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬
roofs with a slope greater than 10°, where no ‫ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮض ﻋﺪم دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎم )ﺑﻐﻴﺮ از دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬،‫ درﺟﻪ‬10
access is provided to the roof (other than that
:‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺖ( ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
necessary for cleaning and repair), are as follows:

a) For a roof-slope of 30° or less: 0.75 kN/m2 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬0/75 :‫ درﺟﻪ‬30 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎم ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
measured on plan or a 0.9 kN concentrated ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬0/9 ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﻓﻖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
load, whichever produces the greater stress.
.‫ ﻫﺮﻛﺪام ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬
Where deflection is the design criterion, the ‫ ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻳﻚ‬،‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
concentrated-load is assumed to act in the ‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ را اﻳﺠﺎد‬
position which produces maximum deflection.
.‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ وارد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
b) For a roof-slope of 75° or more: zero load. ‫ ﺑﺎر وارده ﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﺮض‬:‫ درﺟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬75 ‫ب( ﺑﺎم ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
For roof slopes between 30° and 75° the ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎر وارده از‬75 ‫ درﺟﻪ و‬30 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎي ﺷﻴﺒﺪار ﺑﻴﻦ‬
imposed load may be obtained by linear ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮاي‬0/75 ‫درون ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
interpolation between 0.75 kN/m2 for a 30°
roof slope and zero for a 75° roof slope. ‫ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬75° ‫ و ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎم ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ‬30° ‫ﺑﺎم ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ‬
.‫ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‬
Note: :‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
(1) When the depth of snow is not uniform, ‫ ذوب‬،‫ وزش ﺑﺎد‬،‫( درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺮف ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻟﻐﺰش‬1)
owing to sliding, wind, melting or the shape of ‫ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺎﺻﻞ را‬،‫ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺷﺪن ﺑﺮف ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎم‬
the roof, the resulting load may be increased

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locally. .‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داد‬

9.5.4 Curved roofs ‫ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎي ﻗﻮﺳﻲ‬4-5-9
The imposed load on a curved roof is calculated ،‫ﺑﺎر وارد ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎم ﻗﻮﺳﻲ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎم‬
by dividing the roof into not less than five equal ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﺎوي ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد؛ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎر ﻫﺮ‬
segments and by then calculating the load on each,
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺐ آن ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
appropriate to its mean slope, in accordance with
sub-clauses 9.5.2 and 9.5.3. .‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬3-5-9 ‫ و‬2-5-9

9.5.5 Roof coverings ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎي ﺑﺎم‬5-5-9

A load of 0.9 kN on any square with a 125 mm

‫ﺟﻬﺖ درﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و‬
side provides for loads incidental to maintenance ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري از ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎي ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺧﻮد اﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
on all self-supporting roof coverings at a slope of ‫)ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻮد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه‬
less than 45°, i,e. those not requiring structural ‫ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر‬،‫ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬45º ‫ﺳﺎزهاي ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ( و ﺷﻴﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
support over their whole area. No loads incidental ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬125 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺿﻠﻊ‬0/9
to maintenance are appropriate to glazing.
‫ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري در‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎي ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي ﻧﻴﺎز ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
9.6 Special Considerations ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت وﻳﮋه‬6-9

9.6.1 Loads not specified ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬1-6-9

For occupancies or uses not designated in clause ‫ ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ‬2-9 ‫ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
9.2 , the live load shall be determined in a manner ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬،‫اﺷﺎره اي ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
satisfactory to the authority having jurisdiction.
. ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
Note: :‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
For additional information on live loads, see the ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴـﺐ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘـﺮ درﺑﺎره ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧــﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺟـﺪاول‬
Appendix IB Tables IB/1 to IB/9. .‫ ب ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬-I ‫ از ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬9/‫ – ب‬I ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1/‫ – ب‬I

9.6.2 Partial loading (‫ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺟﺰﺋﻲ )ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ‬2-6-9

The full intensity of the appropriately reduced live ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﻃﻮل ﻳﻚ‬
load applied only to a portion of the length of a ‫ﺳﺎزه ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻮي از آن وارد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد اﺛﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﺮي را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
structure or member shall be considered if it
،‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ آن ﺑﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎزه ﻳﺎ آن ﻋﻀﻮ وارد ﺷﻮد‬
produces a more unfavorable effect than the same
intensity applied over the full length of the ‫ در اﻳﻨﺼﻮرت ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬،‫اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
structure or member. .‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
9.6.3 Posting of live loads ‫ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه‬3-6-9
In every building or other structure, or part ‫ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬،‫ ﺗﺠﺎري‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎﻧﻲ‬
thereof, used for mercantile, business, industrial, ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار‬،‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي اﻧﺒﺎرﻛﺮدن‬
or storage purposes, the owner of the building
‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺑﺮ روي ﭘﻼﻛﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
shall ensure that the loads approved by the
authority having jurisdiction are marked on plates ‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و در‬،‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻃﺮاح ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
of approved design and are securely affixed in a ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاﺣﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه و ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ آن ﻓﻀﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
conspicuous place in each space to which they
relate. If such plates are lost, removed, or defaced, ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ اﮔﺮ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻼﻛﻬﺎ ﮔﻢ ﺷﻮد ﻳﺎ آﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
the owner shall have them replaced. .‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺠﺪدا ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
9.6.4 Restrictions on loading ‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬4-6-9
The building owner shall ensure that a live load ‫ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه اي‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
greater than that for which a floor or roof is

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approved by the authority having jurisdiction shall ‫ روي‬،‫ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از آﻧﭽﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
not be placed, or caused or permitted to be placed,
‫ ﻳﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد و ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻛﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎم ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻗﺮار ﻧﻤﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
on any floor or roof of a building or other
structure. .‫اﺟﺎزه ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﺎدر ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬

10. OTHER LOADS ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ‬-10

10.1 Crane Loads and Moving Loads (C) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬1-10
Crane loads shall be assumed at their maximum ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ در ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎرﺑﺮي‬
values including lifting capacity as well as the ‫ﺑﻌﻼوه ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﻓﻘﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﺮﻣﺰ ﻛﺮدن ﻳﺎ ﺷﺘﺎب‬
maximum horizontal loads caused by braking or
.‫ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ در ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
acceleration.
‫ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮﻳﻦ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬،‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزه اي‬
For the design of each structural element the most
unfavorable position of the crane or other moving ‫ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﺎﻳﺪ درﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
loads shall be considered. For moving loads an ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺿﺮب‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
appropriate impact factor shall be applied.
.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
10.2 Differential Settlement, (ds) (ds) ‫ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻏﻴﺮﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬2-10
The variability of the soil strata may result in ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺎك ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‬
differential settlement. .‫ﻏﻴﺮﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺷﻮد‬
The resulting bending moments, shear and axial ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺷﻲ و ﻣﺤﻮري ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از‬،‫ﮔﺸﺘﺎورﻫﺎي ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬
forces shall be considered. .‫اﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
10.3 Dynamic (Vibration) Loads (‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ )ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ‬3-10
A detailed design and a vibration analysis shall be ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
made in accordance with the following :‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
requirements:

10.3.1 Static deformation ‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬1-3-10

The static deformation for rotating equipment ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات دوار ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﻧﺸﺎن داده‬
foundations shall be calculated and shown to be ‫ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬،‫ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ‬
within the limits stated by the manufacturer of the
‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
equipment. The calculations shall include, but not
be limited to, the following causes of deformation: :‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
- Shrinkage and creep of concrete. ‫ ﺗﺮك و ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ‬-
- Temperature effects caused by radiation and ‫ اﺛﺮات ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﻣﺎي‬-
convection of heat or cold generated by ‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت‬
machinery, piping and ducting.
.‫آب‬
- Elastic deformation caused by changing
‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺨﺎر درون‬-
vapor pressure in condensers.
.‫ﻛﻨﺪاﻧﺴﻮرﻫﺎ‬
- Elastic deformation caused by soil settlement
or elastic compression of piles. ‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺧﺎك ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر‬-
.‫اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬
10.3.2 Vibration analysis ‫ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ‬2-3-10
A three-dimensional vibration analysis for rotating ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات دوار ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن‬
equipment foundations shall be made and shall ‫دﻫﺪ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎت دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ از ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ‬
show that the dynamic amplitudes will not exceed
:‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬6-3-10 ‫ﻧﻤﻮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
the lower of the following values; see also
(10.3.6):

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- The maximum allowable value stated by the .‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز اﻋﻼم ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬-
manufacturer of the equipment. *
‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ )ﺗﻚ ﻧﻮﺳﺎن( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬-
- The amplitude (single amplitude) which
:‫ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
causes the effective velocity* of vibration to
exceed:
a) 2 mm/s at the location of the machine- .‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎن‬2 (‫اﻟﻒ‬
bearing housings.
b) 2.5 mm/s at any location of the structure. .‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺳﺎزه‬2/5 (‫ب‬

* The effective velocity is defined as the square ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﺟﺬر ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت‬،‫* ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬
root of the average of the square of the velocity. ‫ در ﻣﻮاردي‬.‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ از زﻣﺎن اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‬
Velocity being a function of time in the case of a
0/71 ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬،‫ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
pure sinusoidal function the effective velocity is
0.71 times the peak value of the velocity. .‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

10.3.3 Exciting force ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوي اﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ‬3-3-10

For the vibration analysis, the exciting forces shall ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي اﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻃﻮل‬،‫در ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ‬
be taken as the maximum values that according to ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات رخ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داد و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻋﻼم ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
the manufacturer of the equipment will occur
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
during the lifetime of the equipment.

10.3.4 Schematic mechanical model ‫ ﻣﺪل ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬4-3-10

The vibration calculation shall be based on a ،‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪل ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن‬
mechanical model wherein the weights and ‫وزﻧﻬﺎ و اﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺳﺎزه و ﭘﻲ و وزن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ روش‬
elasticity of both structure and foundation and the
.‫ اﺳﺘﻮار ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
weight of the equipment are represented in an
appropriate way.

10.3.5 Frequencies (‫ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎ )ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ‬5-3-10

All natural frequencies below 2 times the ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬2 ‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ از‬
operating frequency for reciprocating equipment ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬1/5 ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات رﻓﺖ و ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ و از‬
and below 1.5 times the operating frequency for
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات دوار ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
rotating equipment shall be calculated.
‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬1/5 ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ و‬0/35 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
Of the natural frequencies between 0.35 and 1.5
times the operating frequency, it shall be shown ‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ در‬
that the amplitudes are within the allowable values ‫ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﺠﺎز ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎزه‬
even assuming that due to differences between the
actual structure and the assumed model resonance .‫واﻗﻌﻲ و ﻣﺪل ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ وﻗﻮع ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ )رزوﻧﺎﻧﺲ( ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
does occur. In this case a reasonable amount of .‫در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﺮاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
damping should be estimated.

10.3.6 Dynamic amplitudes ‫ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎت دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬6-3-10

The dynamic amplitudes of any part of the ‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎت دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ از ﭘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮرﻫﺎي‬
foundation including any reciprocating compressor .‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻚ ﻧﻮﺳﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬80 ‫رﻓﺖ و ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
shall be less than 80 µm single amplitude.

10.4 Erection Loads, (er) (er) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺼﺐ‬4-10

Erection loads shall be defined as temporary ‫ ﻛﻪ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﺎزه‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
forces caused by erection of structure or .‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
equipment.
‫ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬،‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
All possible loading conditions during erection

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shall be considered and for any member of a ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد؛ و ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎزه ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬
structure the most unfavorable shall be taken into
‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻗﺮار دادن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ روي‬.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
account. Heavy equipment lowered onto a
supporting structure can introduce extreme point ‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬
loads on structural members, exceeding any ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ و ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ و ﻳﺎ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
operating or test load. After placing of equipment,
the exact positioning (lining out and leveling) can ‫ ﭘﺲ از ﻗﺮار دادن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات در ﻣﻜﺎن‬.‫روي اﻋﻀﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي ﺷﻮد‬
also introduce extreme point loads. The above ‫دﻗﻴﻖ )از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ و ﺗﺮاز( ﻫﻢ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
should be interpreted on the basis of contractor’s
practical experience and manufacturer’s
‫ ﻣﻮارد ﻓﻮق ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺎرب‬.‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اي اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد‬
information. .‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
Beams and floor slabs in multi-storey structures,
e.g. fire decks, shall be designed to carry the full ‫ ﻣﺜﻼً ﻋﺮﺷﻪﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و داﻟﻬﺎي ﻛﻒ در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬
construction loads imposed by the props ‫آﺗﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي‬
supporting the structure immediately above. A
.‫ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ زﻳﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮارداده ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
note shall be added on the relevant construction
drawings to inform the field engineer of the ‫اﻳﻦ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻳﺎدداﺷﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ روي ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
adopted design philosophy. ‫)اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ( ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه از ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬
.‫ﻓﻮق ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺷﻮد‬
For floor slabs and supports whose strength during ‫ﺑﺮاي داﻟﻬﺎي ﺳﻘﻒ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﺸﺎن در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬
construction is less than their ultimate design ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻃﺮح ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ‬
strength, the following extra loads for transporting
‫اﺿﺎﻓﻲ زﻳﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
concrete or other building materials shall be added
according to the volume capacity of the bucket or ‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎم ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ‬
other means of transport: :‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
- 0.75 kPa, for bucket of 75 lit. capacity ‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ‬75 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎم ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬0/75 -
- 1.50 kPa, " " “150 lit.” ‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ‬150 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎم ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬1/5 -
- 2.50 kPa, " " “250 lit.” ‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ‬250 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎم ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬2/5 -
10.5 Factored Loads ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﻳﺒﺪار‬5-10
Factored Loads are the product of the nominal ،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﻳﺒﺪار از ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻀﺮب ﺑﺎر اﺳﻤﻲ در ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎر‬
load and a load factor. .‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
10.6 Fluid Loads (F) (F) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎل‬6-10
Fluid loads are the gravity loads of liquid or solid ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﺎل ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ در‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎل‬
materials in equipment and piping during ‫ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻳﺎ ﻫﻴﺪروﺗﺴﺖ‬،‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲﻫﺎ‬
operation or hydrotest. They are considered live
‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲﻛﻪ از ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺑﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ‬.‫)آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ آب( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
loads when establishing load factors for ultimate
strength design. ‫ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬،‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎل‬،‫روش ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
10.7 Horizontal Loads ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﻓﻘﻲ‬7-10
Minimal characteristic values of horizontal loads ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﻓﻘﻲ در واﺣﺪ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮ روي‬
per unit length on the hand-rails and balcony ‫ﺟﺎن ﭘﻨﺎهﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﻬﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺮ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
barriers shall be taken as follows:
:‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
a) For residential buildings , kindergartens , ‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻛﻮدﻛﺴﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬
hospitals and other health establishments: :‫و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
0.3 kN/m;
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ؛‬0/3

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b) For stands and gymnasia: 1.5 kN/m; ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬1/5 :‫ب( ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﮔﺮان و ورزﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ؛‬
c) For other buildings and premises: 0.8 kN/m. .‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ‬0/8 :‫ج( ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬
For service platforms, foot-bridges, roof barriers ‫ ﭘﻞ ﭘﻴﺎده روﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﻬﺎي ﺑﺎم ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬
visited only by individuals, the minimum ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺪار‬،‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
characteristic value of horizontal concentrated
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻓﻘﻲ وارد ﺑﺮ ﻧﺮده ﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
load on hand-rails and barriers shall be taken equal
to 0.3 kN (at any point along the barrier). The ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ )ﻛﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي از ﻃﻮل ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬0/3
same value of horizontal concentrated load should ‫ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻓﻘﻲ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه در‬.‫وارد ﺷﻮد( در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
be taken for lightweight partitions. .‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﻚ وزن ﻧﻴﺰ دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
10.8 Hydrostatic Pressure, (H) (H) ‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬8-10

A) Pressure on Basement Walls ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻓﺸﺎر وارد ﺑﺮ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ‬

In the design of basement walls and similar ‫در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻛﻪ‬
approximately vertical structures below grade, ‫ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪاﺗﻲ را ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬،‫در زﻳﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
provision shall be made for the lateral pressure
.‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺧﺎك ﻣﺠﺎور آن در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
of adjacent soil. Due allowance shall be made
for possible surcharge from fixed or moving ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎر ﻻزم ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﺮك و ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
loads. When a portion or the whole of the ‫ در زﻳﺮ‬،‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺧﺎك ﻣﺠﺎور دﻳﻮار‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
adjacent soil is below a free-water surface,
computations shall be based on the weight of ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬،‫ﺗﺮاز آب زﻳﺮ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
the soil diminished by buoyancy, plus full ‫ ﺑﻪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﻞ‬،‫وزن ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺧﺎك در اﺛﺮ ﺷﻨﺎور ﺑﻮدن‬
hydrostatic pressure.
.‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ب( ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻛﻔﻬﺎ‬
B) Uplift on Floors
‫در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻛﻔﻬﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي اﻓﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ در‬
In the design of basement floors and similar
approximately horizontal construction below ‫ در‬،‫ ﻓﺸﺎر رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻي آب‬،‫زﻳﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ اﺣﺪاث ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
grade, the upward pressure of water, if any, ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻛﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد‬
shall be taken as the full hydrostatic pressure
applied over the entire area. .‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻄﺢ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

The hydrostatic head shall be measured from the ‫ از ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي‬،‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
underside of the construction. .‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
10.9 Impact Loads, (I) (I) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ اي‬9-10

The live loads specified in clause 9 shall be ‫ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮض ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬9 ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
assumed to include adequate allowance for ‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻋﺎدي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
ordinary impact conditions. Provision shall be
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﻏﻴﺮ‬
made in the structural design for uses and loads
that involve unusual vibration and impact forces. .‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮل و ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

10.9.1 Elevators ‫ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻫﺎ‬1-9-10

All elevator loads shall be increased by 100% for ‫درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬100 ‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻫﺎ را ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﺛﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
impact, and the structural supports shall be ‫داد و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ‬
designed within the limits of deflection.
.‫ﺧﻴﺰ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
10.9.2 Machinery ‫ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت‬2-9-10
‫ وزن ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت و‬،‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻤﻮدن اﺛﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
For the purpose of design, the weight of
machinery and moving loads shall be increased as :‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺸﺮوح زﻳﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
follows to allow for impact:

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(1) elevator machinery, 100%; (2) light ‫( ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت‬2) ،‫درﺻﺪ‬100 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬،‫( ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ‬1)
machinery, shaft or motor-driven, 20%; (3) ‫ دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﺮك از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬،‫ﺳﺒﻚ‬
reciprocating machinery or power driven units, ‫( ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت رﻓﺖ و ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ‬3) ،‫درﺻﺪ‬20
50%; (4) hangers for floors or balconies, 33%. All
percentages shall be increased if so recommended
‫( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات آوﻳﺰان از ﺳﻘﻒ‬4) ،‫ درﺻﺪ‬50 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬،‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‬
by the manufacturer. ‫ در ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬.‫درﺻﺪ‬33 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬،‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻦ‬
.‫درﺻﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق را ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داد‬
10.9.3 Crane ways ‫ رﻳﻠﻬﺎي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬3-9-10
‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻤﺎم رﻳﻠﻬﺎي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﺠﺰ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
All craneways except those using only manually
powered cranes shall have their design loads ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻤﻮدن اﺛﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﻧﻴﺮوي دﺳﺖ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
increased for impact as follows: (1) a vertical ،‫( ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻋﻤﻮدي‬1) :‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ زﻳﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داده ﺷﻮد‬
force equal to 25% of the maximum wheel load; ،‫( ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬2) ‫درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﭼﺮخ ﻫﺎ‬25 ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
(2) a lateral force equal to 20% of the weight of
the trolley and lifted load only, applied one-half at ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮو‬،‫درﺻﺪ وزن اراﺑﻪ و ﺑﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬20 ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
the top of each rail; and (3) a longitudinal force of ،‫( ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬3) ‫در ﺑﺎﻻي ﻫﺮ رﻳﻞ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و‬
10% of the maximum wheel loads of the crane ‫درﺻﺪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎر ﭼﺮﺧﻬﺎي ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺎﻻي‬10 ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
applied at the top of the rail. .‫رﻳﻞ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
10.9.4 Vehicle barriers for car parks ‫ ﻧﺮده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺎرك وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ‬4-9-10
a) The horizontal force F (in kN), normal to ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﺮدهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد وﺳﺎﻳﻞ‬
and uniformly distributed over any length of ‫ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮد را ﻛﻪ از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل زﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬
1.5m of a barrier for a car park, required to
withstand the impact of a vehicle is given by: ‫ ﻛﻪ‬،‫( ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮوي اﻓﻘﻲ اﺳﺖ‬kN ‫ )ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬F ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوي‬.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻄﻮر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺮده ﻫﺎ اﺛﺮ‬1/5 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل‬
.‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
0.5m V 2
F
c b
Where: :‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
m is the gross mass of the vehicle, in kg; .‫ وزن ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬m
V is the velocity of the vehicle, in m/s, normal to ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺮ ﻧﺮده؛‬V
the barrier;
 c is the deformation of the vehicle, in mm; .‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ c

b is the deflection of the barrier, in mm. .‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺮده ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬b

b) Where the car park has been designed on the ‫ب( در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ وزن ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮار‬
basis that the gross mass of the vehicles using 2500 ‫اﺳﺖ از ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺎرك ﺧﻮدرو اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ از‬
it will not exceed 2500 kg the following values F ‫ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن‬،‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‬
are used to determine the force F: :‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
m = 1500 kg* * ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬1500= m
v = 4.5 m/s ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬4/5 = v
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﺪرك ﺑﻬﺘﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬100 =  c
 c = 100 mm unless better evidence is available.

For a rigid barrier, for which  b may be taken as ‫ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و وﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬b ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺮده ﺻﻠﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
zero, the force F appropriate to vehicles up to
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬2500 ‫ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ وزن ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ آن از‬
2500 kg gross mass is taken as 150 kN. ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬150 ‫ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬F ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺮوي‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬

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* The mass of 1500 kg is taken as being more ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﻴﺶ از وﺳﺎﻳﻞ‬1500 ‫* ﺗﻌﺪاد وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ وزن‬
representative of the vehicle population than the .‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2500 ‫ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ وزن‬
extreme value of 2500 kg.

c) Where the car park has been designed for ‫ج( در ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺎرﻛﻴﻨﮕﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ وزن‬
vehicles whose gross mass exceeds 2500 kg the ،‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬2500 ‫ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
following values are used to determine the
force F:
:‫ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬،‫ زﻳﺮ‬F ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬
‫ وزن واﻗﻌﻲ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎرﻛﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺮاي آن ﻃﺮح‬m
m is the actual mass of the vehicle for which the
car park is designed (in kg); (‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ )ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
V = 4.5 m/s ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬4/5 = V
 c = 100 mm unless better evidence is available. .‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﺪرك ﺑﻬﺘﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬100=  c

d) The force determined as in (b) or (c) may be ‫د( ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ )ب( ﻳﺎ )ج( ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
considered to act at bumper height. In the case ‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ‬.‫ﺟﻬﺖ اﻋﻤﺎل در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
of car parks intended for motor cars whose
gross mass does not exceed 2500 kg this height
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺎرك ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ وزن ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
may be taken as 375 mm above the floor level. ‫ اﻳﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در‬،‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬2500
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮي ﺑﺎﻻي ﻛﻒ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬375 ‫ﺗﺮاز‬
e) Barriers to access ramps of car parks have to ‫ﻫ( ﻧﺮده ﻫﺎي اﻃﺮاف رﻣﭗ ﭘﺎرﻛﻴﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﻤﻲ از‬
withstand one half of the force determined in ‫ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ )ب( ﻳﺎ )ج( ﻳﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪه در‬
(b) or (c) or acting at a height of 610 mm above
the ramp.
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻻي رﻣﭗ را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬610 ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫ﻧﺮده ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي رﻣﭙﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
Opposite the ends of straight ramps intended for
downward travel which exceed 20 m in length the ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬20 ‫ و ﻃﻮل آﻧﻬﺎ از‬،‫ﺑﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬
barrier has to withstand twice the force determined ‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎوز ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه در‬
in (b) or (c) or acting at a height of 610 mm above
the ramp. ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻻي‬610 ‫ﺑﻨﺪ )ب( ﻳﺎ )ج( ﻳﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪه در ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
.‫رﻣﭗ را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
10.10 Maintenance Loads, (M) (M) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬10-10
Maintenance loads shall be defined as temporary ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
forces caused by the dismantling, repair or ‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در اﺛﺮ ﭘﻴﺎده ﻛﺮدن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
painting of equipment.
.‫رﻧﮓآﻣﻴﺰي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻲآﻳﻨﺪ‬
Structures and foundations supporting heat ‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﻟﻮدهﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻣﺒﺪﻟﻬﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن‬
exchangers subject to bundle pulling shall be
designed for a longitudinal force applied at the ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻃﻮﻟﻲ وارد‬،‫ﺑﻴﺮون ﻛﺸﻴﺪن دﺳﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬
centroid of the tube bundle. This force shall be ‫درﺻﺪ وزن دﺳﺘﻪ‬100 ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬.‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
equal to 100% of the bundle weight (mass). The
shear force due to bundle pulling shall be assumed ‫ ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از دﺳﺘﻪ‬.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
to be transmitted solely through the fixed shell .‫ ﻓﻘﻂ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬
support.

10.11 Thermal Loads (T) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬11-10

Thermal loads shall be defined as those forces ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺟﺰء آن دﺳﺘﻪ از ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در اﺛﺮ‬
caused by a change in temperature. Such forces ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﻳﺎ اﻧﻘﺒﺎض‬.‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ دﻣﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻲآﻳﻨﺪ‬
shall include those by vessel or piping expansion
.‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ و ﻳﺎ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﻳﺎ اﻧﻘﺒﺎض ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬
or contraction, and expansion or contraction of
structures.

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10.11.1 Internal thermal forces and stresses ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ داﺧﻠﻲ‬1-11-10
Foundations and structures which are subject to ‫ﺷﺎﻟﻮدهﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺣﺮارت ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻧﻪ‬
temperature effects shall not only be designed for ‫ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ‬،‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬارﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
the various loading conditions but also for any
‫ﺑﺮاي آن ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ از اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزه ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات دﻣﺎ‬
temperature difference that may occur in parts of
structural members. .‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

Note: :‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
The temperature of the surface of the concrete .‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬100 ‫دﻣﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از‬
shall not exceed 100°C.

Taking into account the wide range of temperature ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ داﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات دﻣﺎ ﻛﻪ در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎل در اﻳﺮان رخ‬
occurring in Iran throughout the year, expansion ‫ درزﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﺴﺎﻃﻲ در ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻬﺎ و ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‬
joints shall be provided at convenient locations
‫اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ داده ﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
and the following data shall be used in thermal
loads calculation: :‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬

- Concrete and steel linear expansion factor: ‫ ﺑﺮ‬a =0/000011 :‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺧﻄﻲ ﻓﻮﻻد و ﺑﺘﻦ‬-
a = 0.000011/°C. .‫درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
- Thermal variation for concrete or steel ‫∆( در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ و‬T) ‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬-
structures delta T is dependent on the ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻃﻮل ﻣﺪت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ در‬
maximum and minimum temperatures which
should be measured at site for the period of .‫ﺳﺎﻳﺖ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
construction.
- It shall be selected the thermal variation (‫ )ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬،‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬-
(positive or negative) which produces the most
severe thermal load for the structure.
.‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ را در ﺳﺎزه اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

10.11.2 Friction due to thermal expansion ‫ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬2-11-10

When thermal expansion results in friction ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك ﺑﻴﻦ‬
between equipment and supports, the friction force ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوي اﺻﻄﻜﺎك از‬،‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
shall be taken as the operating load on the support
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻀﺮب ﺑﺎر وارده در ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺪول‬
times the applicable friction coefficient given in
Table 4. .‫ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‬4

TABLE 4 - FRICTION COEFFICIENT FOR VARIOUS MATERIALS

‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬-4 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

SURFACES FRICTION COEFFICIENT

‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك‬

- STEEL TO STEEL (NOT CORRODED) (‫ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮﻻد ) زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰده‬- 0.30

- TEFLON TO TEFLON ‫ ﺗﻔﻠﻮن ﺑﺮ ﺗﻔﻠﻮن‬- 0.08
- GRAPHITE TO GRAPHITE ‫ ﮔﺮاﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮاﻓﻴﺖ‬- 0.15

- STEEL TO CONCRETE ‫ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺮ ﺑﺘﻦ‬- 0.40

- TEFLON ON STAINLESS STEEL ‫ ﺗﻔﻠﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺿﺪ زﻧﮓ‬- 0.10

In the design of pipe supporting beams, the ‫در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪة ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ اﻓﻘﻲ‬
horizontal slip forces exerted by expanding or ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﺒﺴﺎط و اﻧﻘﺒﺎض ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ روي ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﻪ‬

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contracting pipes on steel pipe racks shall be ‫ اﻳﻦ‬.‫درﺻﺪ وزن ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺑﺮ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬15 ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬
assumed to be 15% of the operating weight on the
.‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ روي ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
beam. These slip forces shall not be distributed to
the foundations.
A concrete pipe rack beam shall be designed for ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮو اﻓﻘﻲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎري‬،‫ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪة ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
an arbitrary horizontal pipe anchor force of 15 kN ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻛﻪ در وﺳﻂ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻴﺮ‬15 ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻣﻬﺎر ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
acting at midspan, which also shall not be ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮو ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ روي ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﻫﺎ‬.‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
distributed to the foundations.
.‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎر ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻫﺎي‬
For pipe anchor forces transferred by longitudinal ‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎر‬5 ‫ﺳﺎزهاي )ﺑﺎد ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ( ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮوي اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
girders to structural anchors (bracing) an arbitrary
force of 5% of the total pipe load per layer shall ،‫ﻛﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮ ردﻳﻒ )در ﻫﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ( در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
be taken into account, unless design calculations ‫ اﻳﻦ‬.‫ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ‬
dictate a higher force, these forces shall be
distributed to the foundations. .‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ روي ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺷﻮد‬

10.12 Loads of Vessels, Columns, etc. ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻜﻬﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺎزن‬12-10

Apart from vessels and columns, this category ‫ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫اﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﺨﺎزن و ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎ‬
also consists of filters, settlers, heat exchangers, ‫ ﻛﻨﺪاﻧﺴﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﺒﺪﻟﻬﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
condensers and the like complete with their
.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ را ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
piping.
In accordance with the various load combinations ‫ وزﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
for the category of equipment, the following
.‫ﻣﺸﺮوح در ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
weights/loads shall be included in the calculations.

10.12.1 Empty weight, (Ve) (Ve ) ‫ وزن ﺧﺎﻟﻲ‬1-12-10

This is the dead weight of vessels, columns, etc. ،‫ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬:‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫وزن ﻣﺮده ﻣﺨﺎزن‬
inclusive of protective layers, valves, etc., and .‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
shall be derived from manufacturer’s data.

10.12.2 Operating weight, (Vo) ( Vo) ‫ وزن ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري‬2-12-10

This is the empty weight of vessels, columns, etc., ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ وزن‬،‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وزن ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﺎزن‬
and the weight of their maximum contents which .‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت آن در ﺣﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري‬
will apply during operation of the plant.

10.12.3 Hydrostatic test load, (Vt) (Vt) ‫ ﺑﺎر آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬3-12-10

When hydrostatic pressure testing of equipment is ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه اﻟﺰاﻣﻲ‬
required at site, the weight of this equipment ‫ وزن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ آب ﭘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
completely filled with water shall be incorporated
‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ‬.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد‬
in the design of the supporting structure. When
more than one vessel, etc., is supported by one ،‫ را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ﺳﺎزه ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰن‬
structure, the structure need only be designed on ‫آن ﺳﺎزه ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻴﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺗﺤﺖ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
the basis that one vessel will be tested at any one
time, and that the others will either be empty or ‫ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﺎزن‬
still in operation. .‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
11. COMBINATIONS OF LOADS ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬-11
11.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-11
Buildings and other structures shall be designed ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺪرج در‬
using the provisions of either clause 11.2 or 11.3.

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Either clause 11.2 or 11.3 shall be used exclusively ‫ ﻫــﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬.‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬3-11 ‫ و‬2-11 ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
for proportioning elements of a particular
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮاً ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ‬3-11 ‫ و‬2-11
construction material throughout the structure.
.‫در اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزه ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
11.2 Combinations of Loads Using Strength ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬2-11
Design ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
11.2.1 Applicability ‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬1-2-11
The load combinations and load factors given in ‫ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬2-2-11 ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎر و ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
clause 11.2.2 shall be used only in those cases in ‫در ﻣﻮاردي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﻤﺎل اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
which they are specifically authorized by the
.‫ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
applicable material design standard.

11.2.2 Basic combinations ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬2-2-11

Structures, components, and foundations shall be ‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ و اﺟﺰاي آﻧﻬﺎ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
designed so that their design strength equals or ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺴﺎوي ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬
exceeds the effects of the factored loads in the
:‫ﺿﺮﻳﺒﺪار اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
following combinations:

1. 1.4(D + F)
2. 1.2(D+ F +T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
3. 1.2 D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (L or 0.8W)
4. 1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
5. 1.2D + 1.0E + L + 0.2S
6. 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H
7. 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H
Exceptions: :‫ﻣﻮارد ﺧﺎص‬
1. The load factor on L in combinations (3), ‫( ﺑﺮاي‬5) ‫( و‬4) ،(3) ‫ را در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬L ‫( ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎر‬1
(4), and (5) is permitted to equal 0.5 for all ‫ﻛﺎرﺑــﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه ﮔﺴﺘﺮده )ﺟﺪاول‬
occupancies in which distributed live 4/8 ‫ب( ﻛﻤﺘﺮ و ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺎوي‬-I ‫ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬9/‫ب‬- I ‫ ﺗﺎ‬2/‫ب‬-I
load(tables IB/2-IB/9 appendix IB) is less than
or equal to 4.8kN/m2(100psf), with the
‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺠﺰ‬100) ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
exception of garages or areas occupied as ‫ﮔﺎراژﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺠﺎﻟﺲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
places of public assembly. .‫ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬0/5 ‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬،‫از آﻧﻬﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
2. The load factor on H shall be set equal to ‫ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻼف اﺛﺮات‬H ‫( اﮔﺮ در ﺳﺎزهاي اﺛﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از‬2
zero in combinations (6) and (7) if the ‫ در‬H ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ آﻧﮕﺎه ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎر‬E ‫ ﻳﺎ‬W ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از‬
structural action due to H counteracts that due
to W or E.
.‫( را ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬7) ‫( و‬6) ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬

Where lateral earth pressure provides resistance to ‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﺎزه در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬،‫ﻫﺮﮔﺎه‬
structural actions from other forces, it shall not be ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﻮد اﻣﺎ اﻳﻦ‬H ‫ آن ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ‬،‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ ﺷﻮد‬
included in H but shall be included in the design
.‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
resistance.

3. In combination (2), (4), and (5), the ‫( ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﺑﺎم‬5) ‫( و‬4) ،(2) ‫ در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬S ‫( ﺑﺎر‬3
companion load S shall be taken as either the .‫( ﻣﻨﻈﻮرﺷﻮد‬ps)‫( ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﺑﺎم ﺷﻴﺒﺪار‬pf) ‫ﺗﺨﺖ‬
flat roof snow load (pf) or the sloped roof snow
load (ps).

Each relevant strength limit state shall be ‫ اﺛﺮات ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﺣﺎﻻت ﺣﺪي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد‬

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investigated. Effects of one or more loads not ‫ ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر‬.‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎر ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
acting shall be investigated. The most unfavorable
‫زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد اﻣﺎ اﺛﺮ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ‬
effects from both wind and earthquake loads shall
be investigated, where appropriate, but they need ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ از اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر‬.‫ﻫﻢ ﺿﺮوري ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
not be considered to act simultaneously. Refer to .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASCE-7 ‫ از‬12.4 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬E ‫زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه‬
Section 12.4 of ASCE-7 for specific definition of
the earthquake load effect E.

11.3 Combining Nominal Loads Using ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ‬3-11
Allowable Stress Design ‫اﺳﺎس ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎز‬
11.3.1 Basic combinations. ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬1-3-11
Loads listed herein shall be considered to act in ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در زﻳﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ‬
the following combinations; whichever produces ‫ ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﻳﺎ اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزهاي ﺑﮕﺬارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬،‫را ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
the most unfavorable effect in the building,
‫ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎر ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
foundation, or structural member being
considered. Effects of one or more loads not .‫ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد‬
acting shall be considered.

1. D + F
2. D + H + F + L + T
3. D + H + F + (Lr or S or R)
4. D + H + F + 0.75 (L + T) + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
5. D + H + F + (W or 0.7E)
6. D + H + F + 0.75 (W or 0.7E) + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
7. 0.6D+ W + H
8. 0.6D + 0.7E +H
Exception: In combinations (4) and (6), the ‫( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف‬6) ‫( و‬4) ‫ در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬S ‫ ﺑﺎر‬:‫ﻣﻮارد ﺧﺎص‬
companion load S shall be taken as either the flat .‫( ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬ps)‫( ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف ﺑﺎم ﺷﻴﺒﺪار‬pf) ‫ﺑﺎم ﺗﺨﺖ‬
roof snow load (pf) or the sloped roof snow load
(ps).

The most unfavorable effects from both wind and ‫ اﻣﺎ‬.‫ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎد ﻳﺎ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ درﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
earthquake loads shall be considered, where ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬.‫اﺛﺮ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺿﺮوري ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
appropriate, but they need not be assumed to act
ASCE-7 ‫ از‬12.4 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬E ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ از اﺛﺮ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه‬
simultaneously. Refer to Section 12.4 of ASCE-7
for the specific definition of the earthquake load .‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
effect E.
Increases in allowable stress shall not be used ‫در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎر و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاريﻫﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
with the loads or load combinations given in this ‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎز را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داد؛ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ اﻳﻦ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
standard unless it can be demonstrated that such
an increase is justified by structural behavior .‫رﻓﺘﺎر ﺳﺎزهاي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺷﺪت ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪت ﺑﺎر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
caused by rate or duration of load.

11.4 Additional provisions for combinations of ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ و ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ‬4-11
loads are referred to section 2 of ASCE-7. .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASCE-7 ‫ از‬2 ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬

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APPENDICES ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬
APPENDIX IA ‫ اﻟﻒ‬-I ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
BASES FOR DESIGN OF STRUCTURES ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ‬
ACTIONS DUE TO THE SELF-WEIGHT OF ‫ﻛﻨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ وزن ﺧﻮد اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزهاي و ﻏﻴﺮ‬
STRUCTURES, NON-STRUCTURAL
‫ﺳﺎزهاي و ﻧﻴﺰ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه‬
ELEMENTS AND STORED MATERIALS-
DENSITY

IA.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-‫اﻟﻒ‬-I

IA.1.1 The most important value in determining ‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻛﻨﺸﻬﺎي‬1-1-‫اﻟﻒ‬-I
actions due to the self-weight of structures, non- ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ وزن ﺧﻮد اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزهاي و ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﺎزهاي و ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
structural elements and/or that of stored materials
is the density.
.‫اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

IA.1.2 For materials having all three dimensions ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﺳﻪ وﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎي‬2-1-‫اﻟﻒ‬-I
of the same order of magnitude, the densities is ‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬،‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
expressed in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3).
For roofing's (sheeting materials) having one
‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻻزم ﺟﻬﺖ‬.‫( ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬kg/m3)
dimension of smaller order of magnitude than the ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ )ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ورﻗﻪاي( ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ وﺟﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻧﺪازه‬
other two dimensions, the similar quantity will be ‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ‬،‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ از دو وﺟﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
surface density, expressed in kilograms per square
meter (kg/m2) (mass related to surface area). (‫ )ﺟﺮم واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ‬.‫( ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬kg/m2) ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬

IA.1.3 In some countries roofing's are considered ‫ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺎر‬،‫ در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ‬3-1-‫اﻟﻒ‬-I
to be external load, causing pressure on the ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻓﺸﺎر وارد ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزه )ﺑﻄﻮر‬
structure (for example, snow load) consequently
these are expressed in Newton's per square meter
‫ در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬.‫ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮف( ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
(N/m2) or in PASCAL's*. For this reason, ‫ از اﻳﻦ رو‬.‫( ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل* ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬N/m2) ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
roofing's (see Annex 1 to this Appendix) are given ‫ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ( ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﺸﺎر‬1 ‫ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ )ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬
as surface pressures, together with the values of
surface density. .‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ و ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
* 1Pa = 1 N/m2 .‫* ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ اﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ‬4-1-‫اﻟﻒ‬-I

IA.1.4 Densities of stored materials substantially ‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً اﻧﺒﺎرش ﺑﻪ دو‬.‫دارد ﻛﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ را ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲدﻫﻨﺪ‬
depend on how they are placed. Usually two
methods of stocking are distinguished: :‫روش ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ زﻳﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
a) Disorderly storage of materials; ‫اﻟﻒ( اﻧﺒﺎرش ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
b) Orderly storage of materials. ‫ب( اﻧﺒﺎرش ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
Disorderly or bulky stored materials are stored ‫ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻳﻚ‬،‫اﻧﺒﺎرش ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻠﻪ اي ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
without bales, forming a natural heap. Orderly ‫ اﻧﺒﺎرش ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬.‫ﺗﻮده ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
stored materials are stored in stocks or piles with
or without bales. ‫دﺳﺘﻪاي ﻳﺎ روي ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬
.‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
IA.2 Density Values ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ‬2-‫اﻟﻒ‬-I

IA.2.1 The representative value of the density of ‫ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﺮف ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﻳﺎ‬1-2-‫اﻟﻒ‬-I
materials and/or components of structures, non- ‫اﺟﺰاي و ﺳﺎزهاي ﻏﻴﺮﺳﺎزهاي و ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار‬
structural elements and stored materials is in

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general determined by the mean value. .‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

The representative value is generally represented ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻌﺮف ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد ﺑﻴﺎن‬
by a unique value. In actual design situations,
‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع‬،‫ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ واﻗﻌﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
densities may alter due to the difference in quality
of workmanship, moisture content, etc. The ‫ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‬،‫ ﻣﻘﺪار رﻃﻮﺑﺖ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ اﺟﺮا‬
representative value of the density of earth is ‫ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ آن‬،‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﺎك ﻧﻴﺰ‬
represented in the same manner, bearing
compactness in mind. .‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

IA.2.2 The representative values of densities of ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزهاي و ﻏﻴﺮﺳﺎزهاي در‬2-2-‫اﻟﻒ‬-I
structures and non-structural elements are given in ‫ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ‬.‫ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬1 ‫ﺟﺪول ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬
a table in Annex 1; the representative values of
densities of stored materials and their angles of
‫ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه‬2 ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه و زاوﻳﻪ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬
repose are similarly given in Annex 2. .‫اﺳﺖ‬

IA.2.3 Where the tables give only one density ‫ در ﺟﺪاوﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺪار ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ‬3-2-‫اﻟﻒ‬-I
value for one material (or soil), this means that the ‫ﻧﻮع ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ )ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎك( اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در‬
corresponding nominal values do not normally
differ significantly (up to ±5%) in different
‫ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اﺳﻤﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎده ﺗﻔﺎوت ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ‬
countries and the indicated mean value is the ‫ درﺻﺪ( و اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﺪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬±5 ‫ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ )ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
average of the nominal values. The range of two ‫ ﻳﻚ‬،‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ درﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎده‬.‫اﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
values of densities given in the Annexes for one
material indicates that the mean values of ‫ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺎزه ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬
densities for different countries vary between the ‫در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎده ﺑﻴﻦ‬
indicated ones.
.‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻓﻮق ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ در ﻫﺮ‬.‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻪ زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺎده ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
This also refers to the angles of repose. However,
it should be emphasized that in accordance with ‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ‬،‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬،‫ آﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲرﺳﺪ‬،‫ﺻﻮرت‬
the national practice of different countries, angles ‫ زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻮاد‬،‫آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
of repose differ up to ±30% from those indicated
in Annex 2 to this Appendix. Thus values of ‫ درﺻﺪ‬±30 ‫ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ‬2 ‫اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬
angles of repose given in Annex 2 are 2 ‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬.‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
approximate. .‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺮ‬2 ‫ و‬1 ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي‬4-2-‫اﻟﻒ‬-I
IA.2.4 For the time being; only limited statistical
data are available and the values given in Annexes ‫اﺳﺎس آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت آﻣﺎري‬
1 and 2 are based on relevant national practice. .‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﻣﺤﺪودي ﻛﻪ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ‬

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ANNEX 1 TO APPENDIX IA ‫اﻟﻒ‬-I ‫ از ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬1 ‫ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬

REPRESENTATIVE VALUES OF ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻧﺸــﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﭼﮕــﺎﻟﻲ اﺟﺰاي‬
DENSITIES OF STRUCTURAL AND OF
‫ﺳﺎزهاي و ﻏﻴﺮﺳﺎزهاي‬
NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
(THIS ANNEX FORMS AN INTEGRAL (‫)اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻻﻳﻨﻔﻚ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
PART OF THE STANDARD)
This Annex gives representative values of the ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزهاي و‬،‫در اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬
densities of structural and non-structural elements .‫ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺪول اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﺎزه اي‬
in the form of a table.

Density Density
Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg/m3 Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg/m3
‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
Wood and substitutes 1 (air- dried,a bout 15 % humidity)
Building bricks and blocks ‫آﺟﺮﻫﺎ و ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
Hardwood ( %15 ‫ﭼﻮب )در ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺸﻚ و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
Beech tree (fagus sylvatica) (‫ﭼﻮب ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ )ﭼﻮب ﺳﻔﺖ‬ Solid burnt clay brick ‫آﺟﺮ ﺗﻮﭘﺮ ﭘﺨﺘﻪ رﺳﻲ‬
up to 14 Mpa (inclusive compressive strength)
680
Oak tree (Quercus ) ‫درﺧﺖ راش‬ ‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬14 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺗﺎ‬ 1600

690 over 14 Mpa compressive strength

Peduncular oak (Quercus robur) ‫درﺧﺖ ﺑﻠﻮط‬ 1800
‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬14 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
Perforated brick (holes through the brick exceed 25 % of its volume) 1600
Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra) ‫اﻗﺎﻗﻴﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺮزﻳﻠﻲ‬ 800 (‫ ﺣﺠﻢ آﺟﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬%25 ‫)ﺟﻤﻊ ﺳﻮراﺧﻬﺎ از‬

Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) ‫ﺑﻠﻮط ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ اي‬ 640 to 770 hollow brick ‫آﺟﺮ ﺳﻔﺎل‬ 820 to 1350

Yew tree (Taxus baccata) ‫درﺧﺖ ﺳﺮﺧﺪار‬ 640 perforated brick ‫آﺟﺮ ﺳﻮراﺧﺪار‬ 1150 to 1450

Australian hardwood ‫ﭼﻮب ﺳﻔﺖ اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬ Lime-sand brick ‫آﺟﺮ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ آﻫﻜﻲ‬ 1700

Box, grey (Eucalyptus microcarpa) ،‫ ﻏﺎن‬،‫ﺷﻤﺸﺎد‬ 11211111120 Cob brick, adobe ‫ آﺟﺮ ﺧﺎم‬،‫آﺟﺮ ﭼﻴﻨﻪ‬ 1600

Refractory brick for general purposes ‫آﺟﺮﻧﺴﻮز ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺼﺎرف ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬

Penda, brown (Xanthostemon chry santhus) Softwood ‫ﭼﻮب ﻧﺮم‬ 570

Black pine (Pinus laricio) ‫ﻛﺎج ﺳﻴﺎه‬ 570 fireclay ‫ﺧﺎك ﻧﺴﻮز‬ 1850

Larch tree (Larix decidua) ‫درﺧﺖ ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ‬ 550 high-strength fireclay ‫ﺧﺎك ﻧﺴﻮز ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ 2100

Norway spruce (picea) ‫ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ ﻧﺮوژي‬ 430 silica (dinas) ‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ‬ 1800

Spruce fir (Pinus eccelsa) ‫ﻛﺎج‬ 380 to 440 magnesite ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ‬ 2800

Scotch pine (Pinus silvestris) ‫ﻛﺎج اﺳﻜﺎﺗﻠﻨﺪي‬ 490 chrome magnesite ‫ﻛﺮوﻣﺎت ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ‬ 3000

White willow (Salix alba) ‫درﺧﺖ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬ 330 corundum ‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﺳﻨﺒﺎده‬ 2600

Giant poplar (Populus alba) ‫درﺧﺖ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰي ﭘﻬﻦ ﭘﻴﻜﺮ‬ 410 Covering bricks ‫آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ‬
Trembling poplar (Populus tremula) 450
inside wall-covering ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ‬ 1600
ocume (ocume) ‫درﺧﺖ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰي ﻟﺮزﻧﺪه‬ 410

Conifers ‫درﺧﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﻮه ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ دارﻧﺪ‬ 400 to 600 outside facade covering ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﻤﺎي ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ‬ 1800

Extrude chipboard ‫ﻧﺌﻮﭘﺎن‬ 500 to 750 outside facade covering ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﻤﺎي ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ آﺟﺮ ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻲ‬ 2000

Fibreboard ‫ﻓﻴﺒﺮ‬ clinker brick ‫آﺟﺮ ﺟﻮش‬

Hard ‫ﺳﻔﺖ‬ 900 to 1 100 Gas silicate block ‫ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬

medium-hard ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺳﻔﺖ‬ 600 to 850 with 2 Mpa compressive strength ‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري‬2 ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 500

porous insulating ‫ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﺪار‬ 250 to 400 with 5 Mpa compressive strength ‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري‬5 ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 700

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Density Density
Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg/m3 Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg/m3
‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
with 7,5 Mpa compressive strength ‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري‬7/5 ‫ﺑﺎ‬ 900
Plywood ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻ‬ 750 to 850

Coreboard ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﻳﭽﻲ‬ 450 to 650 Acid-resistant brick ‫آﺟﺮ ﺿﺪ اﺳﻴﺪ‬ 2000
Tuff block with 5 Mpa compressive strength
Natural building stones ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ 1100
‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري‬5 ‫ﺑﻠﻮك ﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ‬

Magmatic plutonic rocks ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي آذرﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﮔﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬ 2650 to 3000 Glass brick, double-walled ‫ دو ﺟﺪاره‬،‫آﺟﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي‬ 870 to 1100

Magmatic vulcanites ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي وﻟﻜﺎﻧﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﮔﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬ 2500 to 2850 Mortars ‫ﻣﻼﺗﻬﺎ‬

Volcanic tuffs ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻬﺎي آذرﻳﻦ‬ 1400 to 2000 Lime mortar ‫ﻣﻼت ﻣﺎﺳﻪ آﻫﻚ‬ 1200 to 1800

Sedimentary rocks ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي رﺳﻮﺑﻲ‬ Lime cement mortar (‫ﻣﻼت ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و آﻫﻚ )ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎرد‬ 1750 to 2000
Cement mortar (with 2,5 Mpa or greater compressive strength)
Sandstone ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ‬ 2700 2100
(‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬2/5 ‫ﻣﻼت ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن )ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري‬

Marl ‫ﻣﺎرل‬ 2300 Rock flour mortar ‫ﻣﻼت ﭘﻮدر ﺳﻨﮓ‬ 1200 to 1800

porous limestone ‫ﺳﻨﮓ آﻫﻚ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬ 1700 to 2200 Gypsum mortar ‫ﻣﻼت ﮔﭻ‬ 1900
fresh-water limestone ‫ﺳﻨﮓ آﻫﻚ آﺑﻲ‬ 2400 Fireclay mortar ‫ﻣﻼت ﺧﺎك ﻧﺴﻮز‬ 2100
compact limestone ‫ﺳﻨﮓ آﻫﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ‬ 2650 to 2800 Pearlite mortar ‫ﻣﻼت ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ‬

Dolomite ‫دوﻟﻮﻣﻴﺖ‬ 2800 lime ‫آﻫﻜﻲ‬ 340

Transformed rocks ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬ gypsum ‫ﮔﭽﻲ‬ 370

clay slate ‫ﺳﻨﮓ رﺳﻲ‬ 2600 cement ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬ 440

Marble ‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﺮﻣﺮ‬ 2700 Bitumen mortar with river sand ‫ﻣﻼت ﻗﻴﺮي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي‬ 1700

Crushed bock concrete C3-C35 ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮده آﺟﺮ‬

2300 to 2500 Concrete2 2
‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬

Blast furnace foam slag concrete C3-C10

1600 to 1900 Gravel concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻦ‬ 2250 to 2500
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﻛﻮره آﻫﻨﮕﺪازي‬
Aerated and gas concrete C1,5-C5
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻫﻮادار و ﮔﺎزي‬ 600 to 1500 Basalt concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎزاﻟﺖ‬ 2300 to 2500

Expanded clay gravel concrete C1,5-C16

700 to 1700 Metals for structures ‫ﻓﻠﺰات ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻦ و رس ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه‬
Perlite concrete C1,5-C2
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ‬ 350 to 700 Structural steel ‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬ 7850

Tuff concrete C3-C6

‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺗﻮف‬ 1400 to 1600 Cast iron structure ‫ﺳﺎزه ﭼﺪﻧﻲ‬ 7100

Lightweight aggregate concrete using sintered

‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻠﻮﺧﻪ‬ Aluminum ‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم‬ 2700

Pulverized fuel ash aggregates Covering and other building material

‫داﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﭘﻮدر ﺷﺪه ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬ 1600 to 1850 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮﻣﻮاد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬

Heat insulating gas concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺒﺎب ﻫﻮا‬

300 to 900 Asphalt, pure ‫آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ 2200

Heat insulating pearlite brick and pipe shell

‫آﺟﺮ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺘﻲ‬ 260 Bitumen ‫ﻗﻴﺮ‬ 1000 to 1400

Aggregates and fillers ‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬

Tar (pitch) ‫ﻗﻄﺮان‬ 1100 to 1400

Sand ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬ Asbestos cement roofing and covering board

1550 1800 to 2100
‫ورﻗﻪ آزﺑﺴﺘﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ‬
Sand gravel of 0 to 40 mm grain size
(‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ﺷﻦ و ﻣﺎﺳﻪ )اﻧﺪازه داﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﺎ‬ 1700 Asbestos cement corrugated board ‫ورﻗﻬﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﺪار آزﺑﺴﺖ‬ 1600

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Density Density
Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg/m3 Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg/m3
‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
Gravel ‫ﺷﻦ‬
1500 to 1600 Asbestos cement pipe ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي آزﺑﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬ 1800

Blast furnace foam slag ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﻛﻮره آﻫﻨﮕﺪازي‬

1700 Cellulose acetate panel ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي‬ 1300

Blast furnace slag, granulated ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺎره داﻧﻪ اي ﻛﻮرهآﻫﻨﮕﺪازي‬

1200 Cement tile ‫ﻣﻮزاﺋﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬ 2400

Crushed slag stone of 5 to 40 mm grain size

( ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬5 ‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ )اﻧﺪازه داﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 1500 Mosaic tile ‫ﻣﻮزاﺋﻴﻚ‬ 2200

Aerated silicate ‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﻫﻮا داده‬ 1000 Concrete flagstone ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻔﺮش ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬ 2200

pulverized fuel ash (pozzolan) for use as a cementitious

component in concrete (bulk density)
800 to 1050 Tile ‫ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬ 1750 to 2000
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﭘﺮان ﭘﻮزوﻻﻧﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ‬

Lightweight concrete aggregate (bulk density)

750 to 1000 Face brick (hard facade brick) (‫آﺟﺮﻧﻤﺎ )آﺟﺮﻧﻤﺎي ﺳﺨﺖ‬ 2500
(‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ )ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬
Lightweight aggregate using sintered pulverized fuel ash/natural
sand
1700 to 2000 Stoneware tile ‫ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬ 2400
‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬/‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در ﻛﻠﻮﺧﻪ داﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﭘﻮدر ﺷﺪه ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬
‫ﻃ‬
Masonry from natural stones ‫ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ Soft covering brick ‫آﺟﺮ ﻓﺮش ﻧﺮم‬

Rocks initial setting ‫ﮔﻴﺮش اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬ Holed ‫ﺳﻮراﺧﺪار‬ 1350

basalt malphir, diorit, gabbro

‫ ﮔﺎﺑﺮو‬،‫ دﻳﻮرت‬،‫ ﻣﻮرﻓﻴﺮ‬،‫ﺑﺎزاﻟﺖ‬ 3000 Solid ‫ﺗﻮﭘﺮ‬ 1600

Basalt lave ‫ﺑﺎزاﻟﺖ ﺷﺴﺘﻪ‬ 2400 Epoxy resin ‫رزﻳﻦ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬

Diabase
‫دﻳﺎﺑﺎز‬ 2900 without filler (‫ﺑﺪون ﻓﻴﻠﺮ )اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ‬ 1150

granite, syngenit, porphyt ‫ ﭘﻮرﻓﻴﺖ‬،‫ ﺳﮕﻨﻴﺖ‬،‫ﮔﺮاﻧﻴﺖ‬

2800 with mineral matter ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬ 2000

Trachyt (‫ﻻﺷﻪ آذرﻳﻦ )ﺗﺮاﺷﻴﺖ‬

2600 with fiberglass ‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﺒﺮ ﮔﻼس‬ 1800

Sedimentary rock ‫ﺳﻨﮓ رﺳﻮﺑﻲ‬ Fenoplast ‫ﻓﻨﻮﭘﻼﺳﺖ‬ 1500

graywacke, sandstone, puddingstone

‫ ﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ‬،‫ﮔﺮﻳﻮاك‬ 2700 Rubber floor ‫ﻛﻔﭙﻮش ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬ 1800

dense limestone, dolomite, shell limestone and marble

‫ ﺳﻨﮓآﻫﻚو ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﺮﻣﺮ‬،‫ دوﻟﻮﻣﻴﺖ‬،‫ﺳﻨﮓآﻫﻚﻓﺸﺮده‬ 2800 Plastic tile ‫ﻛﻔﭙﻮش ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬ 1100

limestone conglomerate ‫ﺟﻮش ﺳﻨﮓ آﻫﻚ‬ Polyamide (e.g. diamid) (‫ دﻳﺎﻣﻴﺪ‬:‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ 1100

limestone conglomerate (‫ ﺗﺮاورﺗﻦ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬:‫ﺟﻮش ﺳﻨﮓ آﻫﻚ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

2600 Polyester resin, without filler (‫ ﺑﺪون ﻓﻴﻠﺮ)اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ‬،‫رزﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬ 1350
(e.g. travertin, etc.)
volcanic tuff ‫ﺗﻮفآﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬
2000 Polyethylene ‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬ 930

Transformed rocks ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي دﮔﺮﮔﻮن‬ Polyisobutylene- base board ‫ورق ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﺑﻮﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬ 1350

gneiss, granulite ‫ ﮔﺮاﻧﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬،‫ﮔﻨﻴﺲ‬ 3000 Polypropylene ‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬ 1150

44
 Jan. 2009 / 1387 ‫دي‬ IPS-E-CE-500(1)
Density Density
Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg/m3 Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg/m3
‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬

slate ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ‬ 2800 Polypropylene ‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬ 930

serpentine ‫ﺳﺮﭘﻨﺘﻴﻦ‬ 2700 PVC hardboard ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭘﻲ وي ﺳﻲ‬ 1400

3
Brick masonry 3
‫ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ آﺟﺮ‬ PVC flooring board ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﻛﻔﭙﻮش ﭘﻲ وي ﺳﻲ‬ 1600
Ordinary brick ‫آﺟﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬ PVC flooring tile
1500 ‫ﻛﻔﭙﻮش ﭘﻲ وي ﺳﻲ‬ 1700

Solid burnt clay brick ‫آﺟﺮ ﺗﻮﭘﺮ ﭘﺨﺘﻪ رﺳﻲ‬ Flat glass ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺟﺎم‬ 2600
up to 14 Mpa (inclusive) compressive strength
‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬14 ‫ﺗﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬ 1500 to 1700 Armoured glass ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬ 3000
over 14 Mpa compressive strength 1,5 to 2,5 Mpa compressive strength
‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬14 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﻴﺶ از‬ 1900
‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬2/5 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1/5 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 600 to 800

Walls made from brick with holes or ceramic blocks

(depending on the type of brick and blocks used) 2,5 to 5 Mpa compressive strength
‫دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از آﺟﺮ ﺳﻮراﺧﺪار ﻳﺎ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎي ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ )ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع آﺟﺮ ﻳﺎ‬ 1150 to 1450 ‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬5 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬2/5 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 800 to 1400
( ‫ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎي ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ‬
Tuff concrete, medium size building block 5 to 10 Mpa compressive strength
‫ ﺑﻠﻮك ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮف‬ 1200 ‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﮕﺎل‬10 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬5 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 900 to 1300

Gas silicate, medium size building bloc 10 to 20 Mpa compressive strength

‫ ﺑﻠﻮك ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬،‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬ ‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬20 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬10 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 1000 to 1600

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Surface Surface
Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ Pressure density
N / m2 kg / m2
‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
Roof shells, roofings 4 4
‫ ﺳﻘﻔﻬﺎي ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪاي‬، ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎي ﺳﻘﻒ‬

Tile roofings ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻔﺎل‬

flat tile, burnt clay ‫ رس ﭘﺨﺘﻪ‬،‫ﺳﻔﺎل ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬ 380 38

pressed tile, burnt clay ‫ رس ﭘﺨﺘﻪ‬،‫ﺳﻔﺎل ﭘﺮﺳﻲ‬ 480 48

flat tile, single roofing ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻨﻔﺮد‬،‫ﺳﻔﺎل ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬ 350 35

flat tile, double roofing ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ دوﺑﻠﻪ‬،‫ﺳﻔﺎل ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬ 700 70

flat concrete roofing tile ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬ 600 60
concrete tile, single roofing ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻨﻔﺮد‬،‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬ 400 to 500 40 to 50
Metal plate roofings ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ورق ﻓﻠﺰي‬
galvanized steel plate (tin plate) roofing, 0,53 mm thick, folded or battened
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﺪار ﻳﺎ ﺻﺎف‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬0/53 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ورق ﻓﻮﻻدي ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ 40 4

double standing welt roofing from galvanized steel sheet roofing, 0,63 mm thick
55 5,5
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﺪار ﻳﺎ ﺻﺎف‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬0/63 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ورق ﻓﻮﻻدي ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه دو ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
zinc-plate roofing, 0,75 mm thick, welded ‫ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺷﺪه‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬0/75 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ورق روي ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ 45 4,5

double-welt copper roof covering, 0,6 mm thick ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬0/6 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ورق ﻣﺴﻲ دو ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ 60 6

Aluminum sheet roofing ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬

0,6 mm thick ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬0/6 ‫ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ 20 2

0,7 mm thick ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬0/7 ‫ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ 25 2,5
lead-plate roofing, 2 mm thick, soldered ‫ ﻟﺤﻴﻢ ﻛﺎري ﺷﺪه‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬2 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ورق ﺳﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ 240 24
steel pantile roofing (galvanized) (‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻔﺎل ﻟﺒﻪ دار ﻓﻮﻻدي )ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه‬ 150 15
sectional steel-plate roofing ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ورق ﻓﻮﻻدي‬ 75 to 240 7,5 to 24
Other plate roofings ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ورقﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ‬

soft plastic roofing, 1 mm thick ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬1 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺮم ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ 90 9
Bitumenized board roofing ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ اﻧﺪود ﺷﺪه‬

2 layer, nailed ‫دو ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﺨﻜﻮب ﺷﺪه‬ 80 8

3 layer with stuck gravel scattering ‫ﺳﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻦ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻬﻢ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪه‬ 250 25
Asbestos cement corrugated board roofing or reinforced with other fibres
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ورق ﻣﻮﺟﺪار آزﺑﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﻴﺎف‬

standard roofing and corrugated board roofing ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و ﺳﻘﻒ ﭘﻮش ﺑﺎ ورق ﻣﻮﺟﺪار‬ 200 20
double board roofing ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ دو ﻻﻳﻪ‬ 250 25
plastic corrugated board roofing, 1,5 mm thick ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬1/5 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ورق ﻣﻮﺟﺪار ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ 20 2

Smeared and scattered roofing ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎي ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬

plastic-bitumen roofing, 4 mm thick coating ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬4 ‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬،‫ﻗﻴﺮ‬-‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ از ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬ 50 5

synthetic glass roofing, 1 mm thick coating ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬1 ‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ از ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬ 60 6
flat glass roofing, 6 mm thick ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬6 ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ از ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺟﺎم‬ 200 20
armoured glass roofing, 6 mm thick ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬6 ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ از ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬ 250 25
corrugated, armoured glass roofing, 6 mm thick ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬6 ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ از ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ و ﻣﻮﺟﺪار‬ 300 30
Sectional glass roofing ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻘﻒ از ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬

Single ‫ﺗﻜﻲ‬ 200 20

Double ‫دوﺗﺎﻳﻲ‬ 400 40

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Notes: :‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬

1) The body density of the wood should be ‫( در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﭼﻮب ﺑﺎ آب اﺷﺒﺎع ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬1
increased by 120 kg/m3 where in a state ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ‬120 ‫ﻓﻮق‬
saturated with water and by 80 kg/m3 in the
case of structure standing outdoors and not
‫ﭼﻮب در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎران و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار‬
protected against atmospheric humidity. .‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻓﻮق اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬80

2) For concrete grades (C), see IPS-E-CE-200: ‫ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان‬IPS-E-CE-200 ‫( ﺑﻪ‬C) ‫( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ رده‬2
"Concrete & Concrete Structures". .‫"ﺑﺘﻦ و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ" ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
The value of the density of reinforced concrete ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد و درﺻﺪ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮر‬
shall be that as given for the appropriate
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬100 ‫ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻓﻮق‬1/25
concrete increased by 100 kg/m3 where the
reinforcement percentage is 1,25 or less. ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎ درﺻﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد‬.‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
Appropriate adjustments shall be made for .‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
concrete reinforced to higher values.

3) The mass density of the masonry is taken ‫ ﺑﺪون اﻧﺪود )ﭘﻼﺳﺘﺮ( اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ‬،‫( ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬3
without plaster but with mortar-filled voids. .‫اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ﻣﻼت ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺣﻔﺮهﻫﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
The mass density of concrete, lightweight
concrete and reinforced concrete wall
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ و دﻳﻮار ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
corresponds to the mass density value of the .‫ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
materials supplied.

4) The values do not include the fixing and ‫( ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻓﻮق ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه‬4
supporting structures of the shell. .‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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ANNEX 2 TO APPENDIX IA ‫ اﻟﻒ‬-I ‫ از ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬2 ‫ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬

REPRESENTATIVE VALUES OF
DENSITIES AND ANGLES OF REPOSE OF ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻴﻬﺎ و زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه‬
STORED MATERIAL (‫)اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻻﻳﻨﻔﻚ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
(THIS ANNEX FORMS AN INTEGRAL
PART OF THE STANDARD)
This Annex gives the representative values of ‫در اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻴﻬﺎ و زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
densities and angles of repose of stored materials .‫اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺪول اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
in the form of a table.

Density 1 ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ‬ Angle of

3
repose
Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg / m ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ Degrees
natural stack or pile 3 ‫زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
heap 2 ‫ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﻠﻪ اي‬
Building and construction materials ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬

Basalt flagstone ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎزاﻟﺖ‬ __ 2750 to 3000 __

Boulder clay ‫ﻗﻠﻮه ﺳﻨﮓ رﺳﻲ‬ __ 2100 __
Brick sand, brick hardcore, brick chippings, moist earth
‫ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬،‫ آﺟﺮ از ﺳﻨﮓ رﻳﺰه‬،‫ آﺟﺮ ﺳﺨﺖ‬،‫آﺟﺮ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ اي‬ 1500 __ 25 to 40

Cement ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬

Clay ‫ﺧﺎك رس‬ 1100 to 1200 1300 to 1600 18 to 28

fluorfine, dry ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﻓﻴﻦ ﺧﺸﻚ‬ 1100 __ __
heavy, air-dried ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﻓﻴﻦ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ و ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﻫﻮا‬ 1600 __ __
Cork grit ‫ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪ ﭼﻮب ﭘﻨﺒﻪ‬ __ 60 __
Coke ash ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ذﻏﺎل‬ 750 __ 25
Crushed foamed slag ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه ﻛﻮره آﻫﻨﮕﺪازي‬ 900 __ 35
Expanded clay gravel ‫ﺷﻦ رﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه‬

Light ‫ﺳﺒﻚ‬ 250 __ 30 to 35

Medium ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ 400 __ 30 to 35

heavy ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬ 550 __ 30 to 35

Fiberglass ‫ﻓﺎﻳﺒﺮﮔﻼس‬ __ 160 to 180 __
Foamed scoria, crushed, moist earth
‫ ﻛﻒ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره‬،‫ ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه‬،‫ﺧﺎك ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬ 1000 __ 35

Glass wool ‫ﭘﺸﻢ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬ __ 100 to 110 __

Granite flagstone ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﮔﺮاﻧﻴﺖ‬ __ 2600 to 2800 __
Gravel and dry sand or moist earth ‫ﺷﻦ و ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬ 1800 __ 30 to 36
Heat-insulating gas concrete ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬ __ 500 __
Heat-insulating perlite brick ‫آﺟﺮ ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬ __ 260 __
Heat-insulating perlite pipe shell ‫ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺘﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ __ 260 __
Lime hydrate ‫آﻫﻚ ﻫﻴﺪراﺗﻪ‬ 500 600 25
Lime ‫آﻫﻚ‬

Lumps ‫ﻛﻠﻮﺧﻪ‬ 850 to 1300 __ 45

Ground ‫ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه‬ 600 to 1300 1000 to 1100 25
Limestone powder ‫ﺧﺎك ﺳﻨﮓ آﻫﻚ‬ __ 1300 __

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Density 1 ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ‬ Angle of

3
repose
Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg / m ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ Degrees
natural heap 2 stack or pile 3 ‫زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﻠﻪاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬

Magnesite (caustic magnesite), ground ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ‬ __ 1200 __

Mineral wool and derivatives ‫ﭘﺸﻢ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه و ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎت‬ __ 75 to 260 __

Plaster (‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﺮ )اﻧﺪود‬ 1000 1100 to 1500 25

Plastics ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻬﺎ‬

polyethylene, polystyrol, granulated ‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ و ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ داﻧﻪ اي‬ __ 650 __

polyvinylchloride, powdered ‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮاﻳﺪ ﭘﻮدر ﺷﺪه‬ __ 600 __

polyester resin ‫رزﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬ __ 1200 __

Perlite ‫ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ‬ __ 70 to 250 __

Reed sheet of roofing ‫ورق ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎم از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﻲ‬ __ 150 to 220 __

Powdered coal ash ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﭘﻮدر ﺷﺪه‬ 900 1000 to 1200 25

Silt ‫ﺳﻴﻠﺖ‬ __ 1800 __

Slag wool ‫ﭘﺸﻢ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره‬ __ 200 to 300 __

Slag, granulated ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺎره آﻫﻨﮕﺪازي داﻧﻪاي‬ 1100 __ 30
__
Slaked lime ‫آﻫﻚ آﺑﺪﻳﺪه‬ 1300 to 1400 __
__
Trass, ground ‫ ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه‬،‫ﺗﺮاس‬ 1500 __
__
Wood-wool ‫ﭘﺸﻢ ﭼﻮب‬ 300 to 380

Combustibles and fuels ‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻬﺎ و ﻣﻮاد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل‬

Coal ‫ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ‬

mineral coal ‫ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬ 900 to 1 200 __ 30 to 35

coke ‫ذﻏﺎل ﻛﻚ‬ 450 to 650 __ 30 to 45

briquette ‫ﺑﺮﻳﻜﺖ‬

eget ‫اﻳﮕﺖ‬ 800 __ 25

cornered coal ‫ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ دار‬ 700 __ 35

brown coal ‫ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

Dry ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬ 800 __ 35

moist earth ‫ﺧﺎك ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬ 1000 __ 30

Briquette ‫ﺧﺎك ذﻏﺎل‬ 800 __ 30

Coke ‫ذﻏﺎل ﻛﻚ‬ 1000 __ 40

brown coal dust ‫ﮔﺮد ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ 500 __ 25

Charcoal ‫ذﻏﺎل ﭼﻮب‬ 250 __ __

Oils ‫روﻏﻨﻬﺎ‬ __

fuel, diesel oil ‫ ﮔﺎزوﺋﻴﻞ‬،‫ﻣﺎزوت‬ 800 to 1000 __ __

crude oil ‫روﻏﻦ ﺧﺎم‬ 980 __ __

Petrol (gasoline) ‫ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ‬ 750 to 800 __ __

Petroleum ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم‬ 800 __ __

49
 ‫دي ‪Jan. 2009 / 1387‬‬ ‫)‪IPS-E-CE-500(1‬‬

‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ‪Density 1‬‬ ‫‪Angle of‬‬

‫‪repose‬‬
‫‪Material‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫‪kg / m3‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫‪Degrees‬‬
‫‪natural heap 2‬‬ ‫‪stack or pile 3‬‬ ‫زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﻠﻪاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ‬

‫‪Liquid gas‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎز ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Propane‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﭘﺎن‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Butane‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﺎن‬ ‫‪580‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫__‬

‫)‪Wood (air-dried, about 15 % moisture‬‬

‫ﭼﻮب )ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ‪(%15‬‬

‫‪hard wood‬‬ ‫ﭼﻮب ﺳﺨﺖ‬

‫__‬
‫‪Chopped‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه‬ ‫‪400 to 600‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬

‫‪Logs‬‬ ‫ﻛُﻨﺪه‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪600 to 700‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬

‫‪soft wood‬‬ ‫ﭼﻮب ﻧﺮم‬

‫‪Chopped‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬

‫‪logs‬‬ ‫ﻛُﻨﺪه‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪400 to 600‬‬ ‫__‬

‫__‬
‫‪fire-wood‬‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺰم‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬

‫‪Brush wood‬‬ ‫ﭼﻮب دﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬ ‫___‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Peat‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎك ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫‪300 to 600‬‬ ‫‪500 to 900‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Foodstuffs and agricultural products‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ و ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻛﺸﺎورزي‬

‫‪Alcohol‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Barley‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‬ ‫‪500 to 800‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫‪Barley in bags‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺷﺪه‬ ‫___‬ ‫‪650 to 750‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Beer‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎءاﻟﺸﻌﻴﺮ‬

‫‪in tanks‬‬ ‫درﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫__‬

‫‪1050‬‬ ‫__‬
‫‪in barrels‬‬ ‫در ﺑﺸﻜﻪ‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Butter‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮه‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪900‬‬

‫‪in barrels‬‬ ‫در ﺑﺸﻜﻪ‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪cased or boxed‬‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻮﻃﻲ درآﻣﺪه‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪500 to 800‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Cocoa in bags‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻛﺎﺋﻮ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺟﻌﺒﻪ اي‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Coffee in bags‬‬ ‫ﻗﻬﻮه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺟﻌﺒﻪ اي‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪550 to 700‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Cover-seed in bags‬‬ ‫داﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺟﻌﺒﻪ اي‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪750‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Conserves in bottles or boxes‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺴﺮو ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻗﻮﻃﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻄﺮي‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Dry fodder‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‬

‫‪Baled‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﺪه‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫__‬

‫__‬
‫‪Ensiled‬‬ ‫در ﺳﻴﻠﻮ اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه‬ ‫‪1000‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Edible oil‬‬ ‫روﻏﻦ ﺧﻮراﻛﻲ‬

‫‪in barrels‬‬ ‫در ﺑﺸﻜﻪ‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪750‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪bottled, in crates‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮي داﺧﻞ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Eggs in egg-stands‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮغ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﺎﻧﻪ اي‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Fat, boxed‬‬ ‫روﻏﻦ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺟﻌﺒﻪ اي‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪50‬‬
 ‫دي ‪Jan. 2009 / 1387‬‬ ‫)‪IPS-E-CE-500(1‬‬

‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ‪Density 1‬‬ ‫‪Angle of‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪repose‬‬
‫‪Material‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫‪kg / m‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫‪Degrees‬‬
‫‪natural heap 2‬‬ ‫‪stack or pile 3‬‬ ‫زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﻠﻪاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬

‫‪Fish‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫‪in barrels‬‬ ‫در ﺑﺸﻜﻪ‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫__‬ ‫__‬
‫‪Cased‬‬ ‫در ﺻﻨﺪوق‬ ‫‪800‬‬

‫‪Flax in bales‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺣﺎوي ﺑﺬر‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪1300‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Flax-seed in bags‬‬ ‫ﺑﺬر ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺷﺪه‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪700‬‬ ‫__‬

‫)‪Fruit (stored in prisms‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻮه )در ﻇﺮف(‬ ‫‪500 to 700‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫‪Fruit crated in boxes‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻮه ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه در ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪350 to 400‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Groundnuts‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎدام زﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫__‬

‫)‪Hay (baled‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻒ ﺧﺸﻚ )درﮔﻮﻧﻲ(‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪150 to 200‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Hempseed‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪاﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫‪Hempseed in bags‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪاﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه در ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Honey‬‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻞ‬

‫‪in tanks‬‬ ‫در ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫‪1300‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫__‬

‫‪in cans‬‬ ‫در ﻗﻮﻃﻲ‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪1000‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Bottled‬‬ ‫در ﺑﻄﺮي‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Leguminous plants‬‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﻮردﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪850‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Leguminous plants in bags‬‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﻮردﻧﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه در ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Maize on ear‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ذرت‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Maize corn‬‬ ‫داﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ذرت‬ ‫‪700‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Margarine‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮه ﻣﺎرﮔﺎرﻳﻦ‬

‫‪in barrels‬‬ ‫در ﺑﺸﻜﻪ‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪cased or boxed‬‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ اي‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪700‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Meal‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Meal in bags‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮادﻏﺬاي ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه در ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪500 to 600‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Meat, refrigerated‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻳﺦ زده‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪400 to 700‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Milk‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ‬

‫‪in tanks‬‬ ‫در ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ ‫‪950 to 1000‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫__‬

‫‪in cans‬‬ ‫در ﻗﻮﻃﻲ‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪850‬‬ ‫__‬

‫)‪bottled (in crates‬‬ ‫در ﺑﻄﺮي‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪700‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Oat‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮ دو ﺳﺮ‬ ‫‪450 to 600‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Oat, milled‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮ دو ﺳﺮآﺳﻴﺎب ﺷﺪه‬ ‫‪750 to 800‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Onions‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺎز‬

‫‪in bags‬‬ ‫در ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪Crated‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه در ﺻﻨﺪوق‬ ‫__‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫__‬

‫‪51‬‬
 Jan. 2009 / 1387 ‫دي‬ IPS-E-CE-500(1)

Density 1 ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ‬ Angle of

3
repose
Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg / m ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ Degrees
natural heap 2 stack or pile 3 ‫زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﻠﻪاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬

Pickled cucumber in cases ‫ﺧﻴﺎرﺷﻮر در ﻇﺮف‬ __ 700 __

Pimiento ‫ﻓﻠﻔﻞ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬ __ 500 __

Drinks ‫ﻧﻮﺷﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﻫﺎ‬

Bottled ‫در ﺑﻄﺮي‬ __ 850 __

bottled in cases ‫ﺑﻄﺮي داﺧﻞ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ __ 800 __

bottled in crates ‫ﺑﻄﺮي داﺧﻞ ﺻﻨﺪوق‬ __ 750 __

Potatoes ‫اﻧﻮاع ﺳﻴﺐ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬ 700 to 760 30

Potatoes in bags ‫ﺳﻴﺐ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ در ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬ __ 500 to 700 __

Rice (unmilled) (‫ﺑﺮﻧﺞ )آﺳﻴﺎب ﻧﺸﺪه‬ 500 __ __

__
Rice (unmilled) in bags (hulled) ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪه آﺳﻴﺎب ﻧﺸﺪه در ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬ 800 __
__
Rye ‫ﮔﻨﺪم ﺳﻴﺎه‬ 750 __ __

Salt (rock-salt) (‫ﻧﻤﻚ )ﺳﻨﮓ ﻧﻤﻚ‬ __ 2200 __

in piles (milled) (‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ )آﺳﻴﺎب ﺷﺪه‬ 1000 __ __

in pile, pressed cattlesalt ‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ ﻓﺸﺮده ﺷﺪه‬ __ 1800 __

Starch flour in bags ‫آرد ﻧﺸﺎﺳﺘﻪ در ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬ __ 800 __

Straw baled (standard bale) (‫ﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺎه )ﮔﻮﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ __ 170 __

Straw baled , high-density ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺎه ﺑﺎ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ __ 600 __

Sugar powdered / granulated ‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﭘﻮدر ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ داﻧﻪ اي‬

in paper bags ‫در ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻏﺬي‬ __ 600 __

in gunny sacks ‫در ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬ __ 800 __

Lump sugar ‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻛﻠﻮﺧﻪ ﺷﺪه‬

in paper bags ‫در ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻏﺬي‬ __ 600 __

boxed ‫در ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬ __ 700 __

Tobacco, baled ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﻨﺒﺎﻛﻮ‬ __ 300 to 500 __

Wheat ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ 550 to 820 __ 30

Wheat in bags ‫ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم‬ __ 750 __

Wine ‫ﺷﺮاب‬

in tanks ‫در ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ 1000 __ __

in barrels ‫در ﺑﺸﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ __ 850 __

Other materials 4 4
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬

Aluminium ‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم‬ 2700 __ __

Aluminium alloy ‫آﻟﻴﺎژ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم‬ 2800 __ __

Bags, baled ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﺪل ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬ __ 500 __

Bone splinters ‫ﺧﺮده اﺳﺘﺨﻮان‬ 700 __ __

Books and papers in stacks ‫ﻛﺘﺎب و ﻛﺎﻏﺬ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬ __ 850 __

Brass ‫ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ‬ 8300 to 8500 __ __

Broadcloth, in bolts ‫ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮت ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺗﻮپ‬ __ 400 __

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Density 1 ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ‬ Angle of

3
repose
Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg / m ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ Degrees
natural heap 2 stack or pile 3 ‫زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﻠﻪاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ‬

Bronze ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺰ‬ 8400 __ __

Carbolineum (‫)ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻟﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﻗﻄﺮان‬

in tanks ‫در ﻣﺨﺎزن‬ 1000 __ __

in barrels ‫در ﺑﺸﻜﻪ‬ __ 800 __

Cellulose, baled ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ در ﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬ __ 100 __

Cellulose filiform ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ رﺷﺘﻪ اي‬

baled (‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻋﺪل )ﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬ __ 750 __

pressed, baled (‫ﻓﺸﺮده ﺷﺪه در ﻋﺪل )ﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬ __ 1200 __

Cloth, baled ‫ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ ﻋﺪل ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬ __ 400 __

Chemical fertilizer ‫ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬

Phosphatic ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻲ‬ 1200 to 1600 __ __

kalimagnesia in bags ‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰي ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ در ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬ __ 1300 to 1500 __

Kalisulfate ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬ 1600 __ __

nitrogenous in bags ‫ازﺗﻪ در ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬ __ 2000 __

Compost ‫ﻛﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ‬ 1200 __ __

Copper ‫ﻣﺲ‬ 8700 to 8900 __ __

Cotton, baled ‫ﻛﺘﺎن ﻋﺪل ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬ __ 700 to 1300 __

Excrement ‫ﻓﻀﻠﻪ‬ 1200 __ __

Felt in piles, baled ‫ﻧﻤﺪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه در ﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬ __ 500 __

Filament in piles, pressed, baled
‫رﺷﺘﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه و ﻓﺸﺮده ﺷﺪه در ﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬ __ 1200 __

Glass ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬

bottles, etc. ‫ﺑﻄﺮي و ﻏﻴﺮه‬ __ 400 __

sheets of glass, crated
‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺟﺎم ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه درﺻﻨﺪوق‬ __ 1000 __

Hemp, baled ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪاﻧﻪ در ﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬ __ 400 __

Iron, cast ‫ ﭼﺪن‬، ‫آﻫﻦ‬ 7100 to 7250 __ __

Iron ore ‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺪن آﻫﻦ‬ 3000 __ __

Ice (from water), in blocks
__ 850 to 900 __
‫ﻳﺦ )ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از آب( ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻲ‬
Ice (from carbonic acid), in blocks
‫ﻳﺦ )ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از اﺳﻴﺪﻛﺮﺑﻨﻴﻚ( ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻗﺎﻟﺒﻲ‬ __ 1700 __

Jute, baled ‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﻛﻨﻒ ﻋﺪل ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬ __ 700 __

Lead ‫ﺳﺮب‬ 11400 to 12000 __ __
Leather, in piles (curried) (‫ﭼﺮم ﻓﻠﻪ اي )ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
__ 900 to 1000 __

Linen, in bolts ‫ﺗﻮپ ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬ __ 600 __

Linoleum: rolled-up flooring material
‫ﻣﺸﻤﻊ ﻛﻒ ﭘﻮش ﺑﺼﻮرت رول ﺷﺪه‬ __ 1300 __
Magnesium ‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ‬ 1850 __ __

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Density 1 ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ‬ Angle of

3
repose
Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ kg / m ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ Degrees
natural heap 2 stack or pile 3 ‫زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﻠﻪاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ‬

Nickel ‫ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬ 8900 __ __

Oil paint and lacquer, canned or boxed

‫ در ﻗﻮﻃﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‬،‫رﻧﮓ روﻏﻦ و ﻻك اﻟﻜﻞ‬ __ 1100 __

Paper ‫ﻛﺎﻏﺬ‬

in stacks, in sheets ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ورﻗﻪ اي‬ __ 1200 __

in rolls ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت روﻟﻲ‬ __ 1100 __

Raw hide ‫ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺧﺎم‬

in piles (dried) ( ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ )ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪه‬ __ 350 __

in piles (salted) (‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ )ﻧﻤﻚ زده ﺷﺪه‬ __ 1100 __

Rubber ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬

rolled-up flooring material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻛﻔﭙﻮش ﺑﺼﻮرت رول‬ __ 1300 __

raw, baled ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺧﺎم در ﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬ __ 1000 __
Steel ‫ﻓﻮﻻد‬ 7850 __ __
Steel rail ‫ﺧﻂ آﻫﻦ ﻓﻮﻻدي‬ 2600 __ __

Textile, in bolts ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺟﺎت ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺗﻮپ‬ 1100 __ __

Tin, rolled ‫ﺣﻠﺒﻲ رول ﺷﺪه‬ __ 7200 to 7400 __

Wearing apparel, cased ‫ﺻﻨﺪوق ﺣﺎوي وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻓﺮﺳﻮده‬ 300 __ __

Wool ‫ﭘﺸﻢ‬

Baled ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﺪه‬ 700 __ __

pressed, baled ‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﻓﺸﺮده ﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﺪه‬ 1300 __ __

Zinc ‫روي‬

Cast ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﻤﺶ‬ 6900 __ __

Rolled ‫رول ﺷﺪه‬ 7200 __ __

5 5
Soils ‫اﻧﻮاع ﺧﺎك‬

inorganic cohesive soils ‫ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎي ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه ﻏﻴﺮآﻟﻲ‬

Soft ‫ﻧﺮم‬ __ 10 to 24
1800 to 2000

stiff ‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬ 1900 to 2050 __ 12 to 26

semi-solid ‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺳﺨﺖ‬ __ 17 to 27
2000 to 2100
Organic clay, soft ‫ﺧﺎك رس ﻧﺮم آﻟﻲ‬ __ 15
1400
Organic silt ‫ﺳﻴﻠﺖ آﻟﻲ‬ __ __
1700

Sand ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬

moist earth ‫ﺧﺎك ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬

Loose ‫ﺷﻞ و ﺳﺴﺖ‬ 1200 to 1500 __ 30

medium-dense ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ 1500 to 1800 __ 30

Dense ‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ‬ 1700 to 2000 __ 35

Saturated ‫اﺷﺒﺎع ﺷﺪه‬

loose ‫ﺷﻞ و ﺳﺴﺖ‬ 1500 to 1800 __ 30

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Density 1 ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ‬ Angle of

Material ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ repose
3
kg / m ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ Degrees
natural heap 2 stack or pile 3 ‫زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﻠﻪاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ‬

medium-dense ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ 1700 to 2000 __ 30

Dense ‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ‬ 1800 to 2100 __ 35

under uplift ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

Loose ‫ﺷﻞ و ﺳﺴﺖ‬ 900 to 1000 __ 30

medium-dense ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ 1000 to 1200 __ 30

Dense ‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ‬ 1100 to 1200 __ 35

Gravel ‫ﺷﻦ‬

moist earth ‫ﺧﺎك ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬

Loose ‫ﺷﻞ و ﺳﺴﺖ‬ 1500 to 1700 __ 32

medium-dense ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ 1600 to 1800 __ 35

Dense ‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ‬ 1900 __ 37

Saturated ‫اﺷﺒﺎع ﺷﺪه‬

Loose ‫ﺷﻞ و ﺳﺴﺖ‬ 1900 __ 32

medium-dense ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ 2000 __ 35

Dense ‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ‬ 2100 __ 37

under uplift ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

Loose ‫ﺷﻞ و ﺳﺴﺖ‬ 900 __ __

medium-dense ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ 1000 __ __

dense ‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ‬ 1100 __ __

Notes: :‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬

1) The density of the stack and pile contains .‫( ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺗﻮده در داﺧﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬1
data on bales.

2) Heap = disorderly or bulky stored materials ،‫( ﻓﻠّﻪ = ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺗﻮده ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻧﺒﺎر ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬2
and, by agreement, liquids in a tank. ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت درون ﻣﺨﺎزن‬
3) Stack or pile = ordered and linked or ‫( ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﭙﻪ = ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﻣﻮاد داراي ﻧﻈﻢ‬3
ordered but not linked materials. .‫و ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﻢ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ و ﻳﺎ از ﻫﻢ ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

4) The density of stored metal products can be ‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻠﺰ اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬،‫( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ واﻗﻌﻲ‬4
multiplied by a coefficient less than 1.0 .‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺿﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ از ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
according to the real situation.

5) The values given for density and angles of ‫( ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ و زاوﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ داده ﺷﺪه در‬5
repose of soils which can differ from ‫ﺟﺪول ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ژﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ‬
geotechnical data are only to be used if the ‫ ﺑﺸﺮﻃﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎك‬،‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
soils present are similar to stored materials.
‫اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎك ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺪول ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
For soils indicated in the table, the coefficients of ‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ در‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺷﺎره در اﻳﻦ ﺟﺪول‬
cohesion are to be given in relevant standards. .‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬

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APPENDIX IB ‫ ب‬-I ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬

DESIGN LOADS FOR BUILDINGS-LIVE ‫ﺑﺎرﻫــﺎي ﻃﺮح ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﻫــﺎي زﻧﺪه‬
LOADS ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬

IB.1 Scope ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬1-‫ب‬-I

‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي‬1-1-‫ب‬-I
IB.1.1 This Appendix gives minimum
recommended live (imposed) loads for use in ‫ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻃﺮح ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد؛ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
designing buildings. It applies to: :‫ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
a) new buildings and new structures; ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ؛‬

b) alterations and additions to existing ‫ب( اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ و اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي‬
buildings and existing structures; ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد؛‬
c) existing construction on change of use. .‫ج( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ در ﻣﻮارد ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ از‬
It does not apply to the maintenance of, or the
replacement of parts of, existing buildings and ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻛﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي اﻋﻤﺎل‬
structures where there is no change of use .‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻧﺪارد‬،‫ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‬
IB.1.2 This Appendix does not cover: :‫ اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‬2-1-‫ب‬-I

a) loads on road and rail bridges; For ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارد ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎ و ﭘﻠﻬﺎي راه آﻫﻦ؛ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ‬
information refer to IPS-G-CE-170: "Bridges ‫ "ﭘﻠﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي‬IPS-G-CE-170 ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
& Related Structures". .‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ" ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
b) wind loads; For information refer to Clause ‫ از‬1-7 ‫ب( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺎد؛ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
7.1 of Part I. .‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻳﻚ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬

c) loads on structures subject to internal ‫ج( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارد ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬
pressure from their contents (e.g. bunkers, silos ‫ ﺳﻴﻠﻮﻫﺎ و‬،‫از ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﺧﻮد ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ)ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﻮﻧﻜﺮﻫﺎ‬
and water tanks), which have to be calculated
.‫ﻣﺨﺎزن آب( ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
individually.

d) detailed guidance on dynamic loading and ‫د( راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از‬
loads due to machinery vibration. .‫ارﺗﻌﺎش ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت‬

e) loads due to lifts; For information refer to ‫ﻫ( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻫﺎ؛ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
sub clause 10.9.1 of Part I. .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬1-9-10 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ اول اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻨﺪ‬

f) loads incidental to construction. .‫و( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬

g) test loads. .‫ز( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬

h) accidental loads. .‫ح( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ‬

IB.1.3 Where higher values are considered by ‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس داﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺧﻮد‬3-1-‫ب‬-I
Company based on knowledge of proposed use of .‫ آن ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮي را درﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬
the structures, they shall be applied instead.

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IB.2 Live (Imposed) Floor and Ceiling Loads ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه وارد ﺑﺮ ﺳﻘﻒ و ﻛﻒ‬2-‫ب‬-I

IB.2.1 Floors; The loads appropriate to the ‫ ﻛﻔﻬﺎ؛ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬1-2-‫ب‬-I
different uses to which the portions of a building ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ از ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ آن اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬
or structure may be part of, are given in Tables
IB/2 to IB/9.
.‫ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬9/‫ ب‬-I ‫ اﻟﻲ‬2/‫ ب‬-I ‫داده ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﺟﺪاول‬

A key to the groups in these tables is given in ‫ اراﺋﻪ‬1/‫ ب‬-I ‫راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﺟﺪاول ﻓﻮق در ﺟﺪول‬
Table IB/1. .‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬،‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬
The distributed loads are the uniformly distributed
static loads per square meter of plan area and ‫وارد ﺑﺮ واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬
provide for the effects of normal use. .‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻋﺎدي ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ وزن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﭘﺎرﺗﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ در ﭘﻼﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
When partitions are indicated on the plans, their
weight should be included in the dead load acting ‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده و ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺑﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻬﺎي واﻗﻌﻲ ﺷﺎن‬
as concentrated loads in their actual positions. ‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ در ﭘﻼنﻫﺎ ﭘﺎرﺗﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ‬.‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
When the partitions are not determined on the
plans, an additional live load on beams and floors ‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و‬،‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
(where these are capable of effective lateral ‫ﻛﻔﻬﺎ )در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ داراي ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
distribution of the load) may be taken as a
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺮ واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
uniformly distributed load per square meter of not
less than 1/3 of the weight per meter run of the ‫ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎر ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮم وزن‬.‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
finished partitions. .‫واﺣﺪ ﻃﻮل ﭘﺎرﺗﻴﺸﻦ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
For floors of offices the additional uniformly 1 ‫ ﺑﺎر ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﭘﺎرﺗﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻒ دﻓﺎﺗﺮ‬
distributed load for partitions shall not be less than .‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
1.0 kN/m2.

The live loads for floors are given in Tables IB/2 ‫ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه‬9/‫ ب‬-I ‫ اﻟﻲ‬2/‫ ب‬- I ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﻛﻔﻬﺎ در ﺟﺪاول‬
to IB/9. .‫اﺳﺖ‬

All floors should be designed to carry the ‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻛﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﮕﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﺎ‬
uniformly distributed or a concentrated load ‫ﺑﺎر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ را )ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را در‬
whichever produces the greater stresses in the part
.‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ( ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
of the floor under consideration.
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر و‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
The live loads for beams are the distributed loads
appropriate to the uses to which they are to be put, ‫ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ‬
as given in Tables IB/2 to IB/9. .‫ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬9/‫ ب‬-I ‫ اﻟﻲ‬2/‫ ب‬-I ‫و در ﺟﺪاول‬
IB.2.2 Ceiling supports and similar structures. The ،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﻘﻒ و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬2-2-‫ب‬-I
following loads are appropriate to the design of ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ درﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬
frames and coverings of access hatches (other than
glazing), the supports of ceilings and similar
‫ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬،(‫)ﺑﺠﺰ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
structures: :‫ﺳﻘﻔﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

a) Without access: no live load; .‫ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه‬:‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺪون دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬

b) With access: 0.25 kN/m2 uniformly 0/25 ‫ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎرﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار‬:‫ب( ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬
distributed over the whole area, or the area ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
supported, and a concentrated load of 0.9 kN
so placed as to produce maximum stresses in
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬0/9 ‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ و ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار‬
the affected members .‫وارده ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎ را در اﺟﺰا ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

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TABLE IB/1 - OCCUPANCY CLASS INDEX

‫ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ‬- 1/‫–ب‬I ‫ﺟﺪول‬

No. OF TABLE
TYPICAL STRUCTURES IN CLASS* CONTAINING
CLASS *
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺪاول‬ USAGES AND
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬ LOADS
‫ﺷﻤﺎره ﺟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮﻳﻬﺎ و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
RESIDENTIAL :‫ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬
TYPE 1 SELF-CONTAINED DWELLING UNITS AND COMMUNAL IB2
1 ‫ﻧﻮع‬ AREAS. ‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي آﭘﺎرﺗﻤﺎﻧﻲ و ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
TYPE 2 BOARDING GUEST HOUSES, HOSTELS, LODGING HOUSES, IB2
RESIDENTIAL CLUBS AND COMMUNAL AREAS IN BLOCKS
2 ‫ﻧﻮع‬ OF FLATS OTHER THAN TYPE 1. ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ و‬،‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻧﺴﺮاﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ روزي‬
1 ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ در ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎي آﭘﺎرﺗﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﻧﻮع‬

TYPE 3 HOTELS AND MOTELS. ‫ﻫﺘﻠﻬﺎ و ﻣﺘﻠﻬﺎ‬ IB2

3 ‫ﻧﻮع‬
INSTITUTIONAL AND HOSPITALS, SCHOOLS, COLLEGES. ‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺠﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﺪارس‬،‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬ IB3
EDUCATIONAL
‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ و ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬
IB4
PUBLIC ASSEMBLY HALLS, AUDITORIA, RESTAURANTS MUSEUMS, LIBRARIES,
NON-RESIDENTIAL CLUBS, THEATRES BROADCASTING
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
STUDIOS, GRANDSTANDS. ،‫ ﺗﺌﺎﺗﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬،‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ رﺳﺘﻮراﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﻮزه ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﺎﻻر ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ‬،‫ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﭼﻴﺎن‬،‫اﺳﺘﻮدﻳﻮﻫﺎي رادﻳﻮﻳﻲ‬
IB5
OFFICES ‫دﻓﺎﺗﺮ‬ OFFICES, BANKS. ‫ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻬﺎ‬،‫دﻓﺎﺗﺮ‬

RETAIL ‫ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوﺷﻴﻬﺎ‬ SHOPS, DEPARTMENTAL STORES, SUPERMARKETS. ‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺑﺰرگ‬،‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬،‫ﻣﻐﺎزه ﻫﺎ‬ IB6

INDUSTRIAL ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬ IB7

WORKSHOPS, FACTORIES ‫ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت‬،‫ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬

STORAGE ‫اﻧﺒﺎرش‬ IB8

WAREHOUSES. ‫اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎ‬

VEHICULAR ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ‬ IB9

GARAGES, CAR PARKS, VEHICLE ACCESS RAMPS . ‫ رﻣﭙﻬﺎي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬، ‫ ﭘﺎرﻛﻴﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺧﻮدرو‬،‫ﮔﺎراژﻫﺎ‬
‫وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫* ﺟﺪول ﻓﻮق ﺟﺎﻣﻊ و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ‬

* The lists are not intended to be exhaustive but
merely to indicate the type of structures included ‫ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ را‬
in the classes. .‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬

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TABLE IB/2 - RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY CLASS

‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬2/‫ب‬- I ‫ﺟﺪول‬
FLOOR AREA USAGE INTENSITY OF CONCENTRATED
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻓﻀﺎي ﻛﻒ‬ DISTRIBUTED LOAD LOAD
‫ﺷﺪت ﺑﺎر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ ‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
kN/m2 kN

TYPE 1. 1 ‫ﻧﻮع‬
SELF-CONTAINED DWELLING UNITS AND COMMUNAL
AREAS IN BLOCKS OF FLATS NOT MORE THAN 3
STOREYS IN HEIGHT AND WITH NOT MORE THAN 4
SELF-CONTAINED DWELLINGS PER FLOOR ACCESSIBLE
FROM ONE STAIRCASE.
‫ واﺣﺪ در ﻫﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ از ﭘﻠﻜﺎن‬4 ‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬3 ‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي آﭘﺎرﺗﻤﺎﻧﻲ و ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ و ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎي آﭘﺎرﺗﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
ALL USAGES .‫درﺗﻤﺎم ﻛﺎرﺑﺮﻳﻬﺎ‬ 1.5 1.4

TYPE 2 2 ‫ﻧﻮع‬
BOARDING AND LODGING HOUSES, GUEST HOUSES,
HOSTELS, RESIDENTIAL CLUBS AND COMMUNAL AREAS IN
BLOCKS OF FLATS OTHER THAN TYPE 1.:
‫ ﺑﺎﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ و ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ در ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎي آﭘﺎرﺗﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻧﺴﺮاﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻧﺴﺮاﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ روزي و ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
1 ‫ﺑﺠﺰ ﻧﻮع‬

COMMUNAL KITCHENS, LAUNDRIES, CORRIDORS, 3.0 4.5

HALLWAYS, STAIRS, LANDINGS, FOOTBRIDGES, ETC.
.‫ ﭘﺎﮔﺮدﻫﺎ و ﭘﻠﻬﺎي ﻋﺎﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺎده وﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي‬،‫ راﻫﺮو ﻫﺎ‬،‫ رﺧﺘﺸﻮﻳﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫آﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬

DINING ROOMS. ‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻧﺎﻫﺎرﺧﻮري‬ 2.0 2.7

__
TOILET ROOMS ‫ﺗﻮاﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬ 2.0

BEDROOMS, DORMITORIES. ‫ ﺧﻮاﺑﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬،‫اﺗﺎق ﺧﻮاﺑﻬﺎ‬ 1.5 1.8

BALCONIES ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ SAME AS ROOMS TO 1.5 PER METER

WHICH THEY GIVE RUN
ACCESS BUT WITH CONCENTRATED AT
A MINIMUM OF 4.0 THE OUTER EDGE
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ آن‬ ‫ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻪ‬1/5
‫ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬4/0 ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ دارد و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬ .‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

TYPES 3. HOTELS AND MOTELS ‫ ﻫﺘﻠﻬﺎ و ﻣﺘﻠﻬﺎ‬-3 ‫ﻧﻮع‬

ASSEMBLY AREAS WITHOUT FIXED SEATING ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻫﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺪون ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﻬﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ 5.0 3.6

__
ASSEMBLY AREAS WITH FIXED SEATING* ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻫﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﻬﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ 4.0

4.5
CORRIDORS, HALLWAYS, STAIRS, LANDINGS, FOOTBRIDGES, ETC. 4.0
‫ ﭘﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺎده روﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﭘﺎﮔﺮدﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي‬،‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬
4.5
KITCHENS, LAUNDRIES. ‫ رﺧﺘﺸﻮﻳﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫آﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ 3.0

2.0 2.7
DINING ROOMS, LOUNGES, BILLIARD ROOMS .‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎي ﺑﻴﻠﻴﺎرد‬،‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺖ‬،‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻏﺬا ﺧﻮري‬

2.0 1.8
BEDROOMS. ‫اﺗﺎق ﺧﻮاﺑﻬﺎ‬ __
TOILET ROOMS. ‫ﺗﻮاﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬ 2.0

BOILER ROOMS, MOTOR ROOMS, FAN ROOMS AND THE LIKE INCLUDING WEIGHT OF
7.5 4.5
MACHINERY (for types 1, 2, 3 ).
(3‫ و‬2‫ و‬1 ‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي دﻣﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ و اﻣﺜﺎﻟﻬﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وزن ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت )ﺑﺮاي اﻧﻮاع‬،‫ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي دﻳﮓ ﺑﺨﺎر‬

* Fixed seating is seating where its removal and the ‫* ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﻬﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از‬
use of the space for other purposes is improbable. .‫ﻓﻀﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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TABLE IB/3/4 - INSTITUTIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL/ PUBLIC ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCY CLASS

(Hospitals, Schools, Colleges), (Halls, Auditoria, Restaurants, Museums,
Libraries,Non-Residential Clubs,Theatres, Broadcasting Studios, Grandstands)
‫ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻫﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬/ ‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ و ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎت آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ‬4/3/‫– ب‬I‫ﺟﺪول‬

،‫ ﻣﻮزه ﻫﺎ‬،‫ رﺳﺘﻮراﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺠﻬﺎ( و ) ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﺪارس‬،‫)ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬

(‫ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﭼﻴﺎن‬،‫ اﺳﺘﻮدﻳﻮﻫﺎي رادﻳﻮﻳﻲ‬،‫ ﺗﺌﺎﺗﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬،‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

INTENSITY OF CONCENTRATED
FLOOR AREA USAGE
DISTRIBUTED LOAD LOAD
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻓﻀﺎي ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﺷﺪت ﺑﺎر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ ‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
kN/m2 kN

STACK ROOMS (BOOKS). ‫اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎي ﻛﺘﺎب‬ 2.4 FOR EACH METER OF 7.0
STACK HEIGHT BUT WITH A
MINIMUM OF 6.5
6/5 ‫ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮﻣﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻗﻔﺴﻪ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬2/4

STATIONERY STORES. ‫اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎي ﻟﻮازم اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ 4.0 FOR EACH METER OF 9.0
STORAGE HEIGHT 7.5
‫ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺒﺎر‬4

BOILER ROOMS, MOTOR ROOMS, FAN-ROOMS AND THE

7.5 4.5
LIKE, INCLUDING THE WEIGHT OF MACHINERY.
‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وزن ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت‬،‫ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي دﻳﮓ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
5.0 4.5
CORRIDORS, HALLWAY, ETC. SUBJECT TO LOADS GREATER
THAN FROM CROWDS, SUCH AS WHEELED VEHICLES,
TROLLEYS AND THE LIKE.
،‫ ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﺮخ‬:‫ ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎر وارد ﺑﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺮ ازدﺣﺎم ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬،‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬
‫ﭼﺮخ دﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬

DRILL ROOMS AND DRILL HALLS ‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﺣﻔﺎري و ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎي ﺣﻔﺎري‬ 5.0 9.0

ASSEMBLY AREAS WITHOUT FIXED SEATING, STAGES, 5.0 3.6

GYMNASIA ‫ ورزﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻫﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺪون ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﻬﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
__
5.0
PROJECTION ROOMS ‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﺟﻠﻮآﻣﺪه‬
4.5
CORRIDORS, HALLWAYS, AISLES, STAIRS, LANDINGS, 4.0
FOOTBRIDGES, ETC. ‫ ﭘﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺎده روﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﭘﺎﮔﺮدﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي‬،‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬
4.5
READING ROOMS WITH BOOK STORAGE, e.g. LIBRARIES. 4.0
‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
__
ASSEMBLY AREAS WITH FIXED SEATING* ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻫﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﻬﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ 4.0

4.5
MUSEUM FLOORS AND ART GALLERIES FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSES. 4.0
‫ﻛﻔﻬﺎي ﻣﻮزه و ﮔﺎﻟﺮﻳﻬﺎي ﻫﻨﺮي ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬
5.0 4.0
MOSQUES, PRAYING ROOMS ‫ ﻧﻤﺎزﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ‬

LABORATORIES(INCLUDING EQUIPMENT) KITCHENS, 3.0 4.5

LAUNDRIES, CORRIDORS, HALLWAYS, AISLES,
LANDINGS,STAIRS ETC. NOT SUBJECT TO CROWD LOADING
‫ ﭘﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ و‬،‫ ﭘﺎﮔﺮدﻫﺎ‬،‫ راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي‬،‫ راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬،‫ رﺧﺘﺸﻮﻳﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ آﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،(‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
.‫ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ازدﺣﺎم ﻗﺮار ﻧﻤﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
3.0 2.7
CLASSROOMS, PRAYING ROOMS. ‫ ﻧﻤﺎزﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻛﻼﺳﻬﺎي درس‬
2.5 4.5
READING ROOMS WITHOUT BOOK STORAGE. ‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺪون اﻧﺒﺎرش ﻛﺘﺎب‬
2.0 1.8
AREAS FOR EQUIPMENT. ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬

X-RAY ROOMS, OPERATING ROOMS, UTILITY ROOMS. 4.5

2.0
‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬،‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري‬،X‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﭘﺮﺗﻮ‬

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‫‪INTENSITY OF‬‬ ‫‪CONCENTRATED‬‬

‫‪FLOOR AREA USAGE‬‬
‫‪DISTRIBUTED LOAD‬‬ ‫‪LOAD‬‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻓﻀﺎي ﻛﻒ‬
‫ﺷﺪت ﺑﺎر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ ‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪kN/m2‬‬ ‫‪kN‬‬
‫‪DINING ROOMS, LOUNGES‬‬ ‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻧﺎﻫﺎرﺧﻮري‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺖ‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.7‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬
‫‪DRESSING ROOMS, HOSPITAL BEDROOMS AND WARDS‬‬
‫رﺧﺘﻜﻦ ﻫﺎ و اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﺧﻮاب در ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ و اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﺟﺪا‬

‫__‬
‫‪TOILET ROOMS.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬

‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬
‫‪BEDROOMS, DORMITORIES.‬‬ ‫اﺗﺎق ﺧﻮاﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮاﺑﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬

‫‪BALCONIES.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪SAME AS ROOMS TO WHICH‬‬ ‫‪1.5 PER METER RUN‬‬

‫‪THEY GIVE ACCESS BUT‬‬ ‫‪CONCENTRATED AT‬‬
‫‪WITH A MINIMUM OF 4.0‬‬ ‫‪THE OUTER EDGE‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ آن دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ دارد و‬ ‫‪ 1/5‬ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺑﺎر‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪ 4/0‬در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪FLY GALLERIES.‬‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي ﺑﺮآﻣﺪه ﻛﻨﺎر ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﺗﺌﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫‪4.5 kN PER METER RUN‬‬
‫ـــ‬
‫‪DISTRIBUTED UNIFORMLY‬‬
‫‪OVER THE WIDTH‬‬
‫‪ 4/5‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در‬
‫ﻋﺮض اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫* ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﻬﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ آن و‬

‫‪* Fixed seating is seating where its removal and‬‬
‫‪the use of the space for other purposes is‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻀﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬
‫‪improbable.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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TABLE IB/5 - OFFICES OCCUPANCY CLASS (OFFICES, BANKS)

(‫ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻓﻀﺎي دﻓﺎﺗﺮ )دﻓﺎﺗﺮ‬5/‫ ب‬-I ‫ﺟﺪول‬

FLOOR AREA USAGE INTENSITY OF CONCENTRATED

‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻓﻀﺎي ﻛﻒ‬ DISTRIBUTED LOAD LOAD
‫ﺷﺪت ﺑﺎرﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ ‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
kN/m2 kN

STATIONARY STORES. ‫اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎي ﻟﻮازم اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ 4.0 FOR EACH METER OF 9.0
STORAGE HEIGHT
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺒﺎر‬4/0

BOILER ROOMS, MOTOR ROOMS, FAN ROOMS AND THE 7.5 4.5
LIKE, INCLUDING THE WEIGHT OF MACHINERY.
‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز و ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ آن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وزن ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت‬،‫ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي دﻳﮓ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
5.0 4.5
CORRIDORS, HALLWAYS, ETC. SUBJECT TO LOADS
GREATER THAN FROM CROWDS, SUCH AS WHEELED
VEHICLES, TROLLEYS AND THE LIKE.
،‫ ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎر وارد ﺑﺮآﻧﻬﺎ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺮازدﺣﺎم ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﺮخ‬،‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬
‫ﭼﺮخ دﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬

FILE ROOMS, FILING AND STORAGE SPACE. ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﺎري و ﺑﺎﻳﮕﺎﻧﻲ‬،‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﺑﺎﻳﮕﺎﻧﻲ‬ 5.0 4.5
CORRIDORS, HALLWAYS, STAIRS, LANDINGS,
FOOTBRIDGES, ETC. ‫ ﭘﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺎده رو و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﭘﺎﮔﺮدﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي ﭘﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬ 4.0 4.5

3.5 4.5
OFFICES WITH FIXED COMPUTERS OR SIMILAR
EQUIPMENT ‫دﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
3.0 4.5
LABORATORIES (INCLUDING EQUIPMENT) KITCHENS,
LAUNDRIES ‫ رﺧﺘﺸﻮﻳﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات( آﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
3.0 2.7
BANKING HALLS ‫ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻧﻚ‬
2.5 2.7
OFFICES FOR GENERAL USE. ‫دﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
2.0 __
TOILET ROOMS ‫ﺗﻮاﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬

SAME AS ROOMS TO WHICH 1.5 PER METER RUN

BALCONIES ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ CONCENTRATED AT
THEY GIVE ACCESS BUT
WITH A MINIMUM OF 4.0 THE OUTER EDGE
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ آن دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ دارد و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬1/5
.‫ درﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬4/0 .‫ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

__ 1.0 AT 1 m CENTER
CAT WALKS ‫ﺗﻚ ﮔﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ در ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮي ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬1/0

62
 ‫دي ‪Jan. 2009 / 1387‬‬ ‫)‪IPS-E-CE-500(1‬‬

‫‪TABLE IB/6 - RETAIL OCCUPANCY CLASS‬‬

‫)‪(SHOPS, DEPARTMENTAL STORES, SUPERMARKETS‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول ‪ –I‬ب‪ 6/‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻓﻀﺎي ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوﺷﻲ ﻫﺎ‬
‫)ﻣﻐﺎزه ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺑﺰرگ(‬

‫‪INTENSITY OF‬‬ ‫‪CONCENTRATED‬‬

‫‪FLOOR AREA USAGE‬‬ ‫‪DISTRIBUTED LOAD‬‬ ‫‪LOAD‬‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻓﻀﺎي ﻛﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﺪت ﺑﺎرﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ ‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪kN/m2‬‬ ‫‪kN‬‬

‫‪COLD STORAGE‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮدﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪5.0 FOR EACH METER OF‬‬ ‫‪9.0‬‬
‫‪STORAGE HEIGHT WITH A‬‬
‫‪MINIMUM OF 15.0‬‬
‫‪ 5/0‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺒﺎر و‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪15/0‬‬
‫‪STATIONERY STORES‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻟﻮازم اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪4.0 FOR EACH METER OF‬‬ ‫‪9.0‬‬
‫‪STORAGE HEIGHT‬‬
‫‪ 4/0‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺒﺎر‬

‫‪STORAGE, OTHER THAN TYPES LISTED SEPARATELY.‬‬ ‫‪2.4 FOR EACH METER OF‬‬ ‫‪7.0‬‬
‫اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﻴﺮ از اﻧﻮاﻋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪STORAGE HEIGHT‬‬
‫‪ 2/4‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺨﺰن‬

‫‪BOILER ROOMS, MOTOR ROOMS, FAN ROOMS AND THE‬‬ ‫‪7.5‬‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬
‫‪LIKE, INCLUDING THE WEIGHT OF MACHINERY.‬‬
‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي دﻳﮓ ﺑﺨﺎر‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وزن ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت‬

‫‪CORRIDORS, HALLWAYS, ETC. SUBJECT TO LOADS‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬

‫‪GREATER THAN FROM CROWDS, SUCH AS WHEELED‬‬
‫‪VEHICLES, TROLLEYS AND THE LIKE.‬‬
‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎر وارد ﺑﺮآﻧﻬﺎ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺮازدﺣﺎم ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﺮخ‪،‬‬
‫ﭼﺮخ دﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬

‫‪4.0‬‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬
‫‪CORRIDORS, HALLWAYS, STAIRS, LANDINGS,‬‬
‫‪FOOTBRIDGES, ETC.‬‬ ‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي‪ ،‬ﭘﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﮔﺮدﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺎده رو و ﻏﻴﺮه‬

‫‪4.0‬‬ ‫‪3.6‬‬
‫‪SHOP FLOORS FOR THE DISPLAY AND SALE OF‬‬
‫‪MERCHANDISE.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻒ ﻣﻐﺎزه ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ و ﻓﺮوش اﺟﻨﺎس‬

‫‪KITCHENS, LAUNDRIES.‬‬ ‫آﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬رﺧﺘﺸﻮﻳﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬

‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫__‬
‫‪TOILET ROOMS‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫‪BALCONIES‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪SAME AS ROOMS TO WHICH‬‬ ‫‪1.5 PER METER RUN‬‬

‫‪THEY GIVE ACCESS BUT‬‬ ‫‪CONCENTRATES AT‬‬
‫‪WITH A MINIMUM OF 4.0‬‬ ‫‪THE OUTER EDGE‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ آن دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ دارد و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫‪ 1/5‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪ 4/0‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ اﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

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TABLE IB/7 - INDUSTRIAL OCCUPANCY CLASS

(WORKSHOPS, FACTORIES)
‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬7/‫ب‬-I ‫ﺟﺪول‬
(‫ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫) ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬
FLOOR AREA USAGE INTENSITY OF CONCENTRATED
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻓﻀﺎي ﻛﻒ‬ DISTRIBUTED LOAD LOAD
‫ﺷﺪت ﺑﺎر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ ‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
kN/m2 kN

FOUNDRIES. ‫رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﮔﺮي ﻫﺎ‬ 20.0 To be determined for specific

use
.‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺼﺎرف وﻳﮋه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬

TYPE STORAGE AND OTHER AREAS IN PRINTING PLANTS.

.‫اﻧﺒﺎر ﭼﺎپ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﻀﺎ ﻫﺎي ﭼﺎﭘﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ 12.5 9.0

7.5 4.5
BOILER ROOMS, MOTOR ROOMS, FAN ROOMS AND THE LIKE, INCLUDING THE
WEIGHT OF MACHINERY.
‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز و ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ آن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وزن ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت‬،‫ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي دﻳﮓ ﺑﺨﺎر‬

5.0 4.5
FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND SIMILAR BUILDINGS.
‫ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬،‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
4.5
CORRIDORS, HALLWAYS, FOOTBRIDGES, ETC. SUBJECT TO LOADS GREATER 5.0
THAN FOR CROWDS, SUCH AS WHEELED VEHICLES, TROLLEYS AND THE LIKE.
:‫ ﭘﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺎده رو و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎر وارد ﺑﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ازﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺮازدﺣﺎم ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي‬،‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﭼﺮخ دﺳﺘﻲﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬،‫ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﺮخ‬
4.5
CORRIDORS, HALLWAYS, STAIRS, LANDINGS, FOOTBRIDGES, ETC. 4.0
‫ ﭘﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺎده رو و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﭘﺎﮔﺮدﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي‬،‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬
4.5
MACHINERY HALLS, CIRCULATION SPACES THEREIN. 4.0
‫ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎي ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت و ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدش در آن ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎ‬
3.0 4.5
LABORATORIES (INCLUDING EQUIPMENT) KITCHENS, LAUNDRIES.
‫ آﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و رﺧﺘﺸﻮﻳﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،(‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬

WORKROOMS, LIGHT INDUSTRIAL WITHOUT STORAGE. 2.5 1.8

‫ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﺪون اﻧﺒﺎر‬،‫ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬

TOILET ROOMS. ‫ﺗﻮاﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬ 2.0 __

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TABLE IB/8 - STORAGE OCCUPANCY CLASS (WAREHOUSES)

(‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﺎر )اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎ‬8/‫–ب‬I ‫ﺟﺪول‬

FLOOR AREA USAGE CONCENTRATED

INTENSITY OF
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻓﻀﺎي ﻛﻒ‬ LOAD
DISTRIBUTED LOAD ‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﺷﺪت ﺑﺎرﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ kN
kN/m2

DENSE MOBILE STACKING (BOOKS) ON MOBILE TROLLEYS 4.8 FOR EACH METER OF 7.0
‫ﭼﻴﺪن ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ روي ﭼﺮخ دﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬ STACK HEIGHT BUT WITH A
MINIMUM OF 9.6
9/6 ‫ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺒﺎر و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬4/8

5.0 FOR EACH METER OF 9.0

COLD STORAGE. ‫ﺳﺮدﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ STORAGE HEIGHT WITH A
MINIMUM OF 15.0
15/0 ‫ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺒﺎر و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬5/0

4.8 FOR EACH METER OF 7.0

DENSE MOBILE STACKING (BOOKS) ON MOBILE TRUCKS.
STORAGE HEIGHT WITH A
‫ﭼﻴﺪن ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ روي واﮔﻨﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬ MINIMUM OF 15.0
15/0 ‫ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺒﺎر و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬4/8

PAPER STORAGE, FOR PRINTING PLANTS. ‫ در ﭼﺎﭘﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫اﻧﺒﺎر ﻛﺎﻏﺬ‬ 4.0 FOR EACH METER OF 9.0
STORAGE HEIGHT
‫ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺒﺎر‬4/0

STATIONERY STORES. ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻟﻮازم اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ 4.0 FOR EACH METER OF

9.0
STORAGE HEIGHT
‫ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺒﺎر‬4/0

TYPE STORAGE AND OTHER AREAS IN PRINTING PLANTS. 12.5 9.0

‫اﻧﺒﺎرﭼﺎپ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ در ﭼﺎﭘﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

2.4 FOR EACH METER OF 7.0

STORAGE, OTHER THAN TYPES LISTED SEPARATELY, WAREHOUSES.
STORAGE HEIGHT
‫ اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻻ‬،‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻐﻴﺮ از آﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻧﺒﺎر‬2/4

MOTOR ROOMS, FAN ROOMS AND THE LIKE, INCLUDING THE WEIGHT OF 7.5 4.5
MACHINERY. ‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز و ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ آن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وزن ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت‬،‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

CORRIDORS, HALLWAYS, FOOTBRIDGES, ETC. SUBJECT

TO LOADS GREATER THAN FOR CROWD, SUCH AS 5.0 4.5
WHEELED VEHICLES, TROLLEYS AND THE LIKE.
:‫ ﭘﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺎده روﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎروارد ﺑﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺮازدﺣﺎم ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي‬،‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﭼﺮخ دﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬،‫ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﺮخ‬

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TABLE IB/9 - VEHICULAR OCCUPANCY CLASS

(GARAGES, CAR PARKS, VEHICLE ACCESS RAMPS)
‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ‬9/‫–ب‬I ‫ﺟﺪول‬
(‫ رﻣﭙﻬﺎي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫ ﭘﺎرﻛﻴﻨﮓ ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎ‬،‫)ﮔﺎراژﻫﺎ‬

FLOOR AREA USAGE CONCENTRATED

INTENSITY OF
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻓﻀﺎي ﻛﻒ‬ LOAD
DISTRIBUTED LOAD ‫ﺑﺎر ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﺷﺪت ﺑﺎرﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬ kN
2
kN/m

MOTOR ROOMS, FAN ROOMS AND THE LIKE, INCLUDING THE WEIGHT OF 7.5 4.5
MACHINERY. ‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻬﺎي ﻫﻮاﺳﺎز و ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وزن ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ آﻻت‬،‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

DRIVEWAYS AND VEHICLE RAMPS AND CAR PARKING FOR VEHICLES 9.0
5.0
EXCEEDING 2500KG.
.‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ‬2500kg ‫راه اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ و رﻣﭙﻬﺎ و ﭘﺎرﻛﻴﻨﮓ ﺧﻮدرو ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ وزن آﻧﻬﺎ از‬
9.0
REPAIR WORKSHOPS FOR ALL TYPES OF VEHICLES EXCEEDING 2500 Kg GROSS 5.0
MASS INCLUDING DRIVEWAYS AND RAMPS.
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ راهﻫﺎي‬2500 ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﮔﺎهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ وزن ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ آﻧﻬﺎ از‬
‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ و رﻣﭙﻬﺎ‬
9.0
FOOTPATHS, TERRACES AND PLAZAS LEADING FROM GROUND LEVEL WITH NO 5.0
OBSTRUCTION TO VEHICULAR TRAFFIC, PAVEMENT LIGHTS. ‫ ﺗﺮاﺳﻬﺎ و‬،‫ﭘﻴﺎده روﻫﺎ‬
‫ رو ﺳﺎزي ﺳﺒﻚ‬.‫ﻣﻴﺎدﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮدد وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻲ ﻧﺪارد‬

4.0 4.5
CORRIDORS, HALLWAYS, STAIRS, LANDINGS, FOOTBRIDGES, ETC. SUBJECT TO
CROWD LOADING.
.‫ ﭘﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺎده رو و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺮ ازدﺣﺎم ﺑﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ وارد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ ﭘﺎﮔﺮدﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﺎﻻرﻫﺎي ورودي‬،‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬

FOOTPATHS, TERRACES AND PLAZAS LEADING FROM GROUND LEVEL BUT 4.0 4.5
RESTRICTED TO PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC ONLY.
.‫ ﺗﺮاس ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻴﺎدﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﺮدد ﻋﺎﺑﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺎده در آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﭘﻴﺎده روﻫﺎ‬

CAR PARKING ONLY, FOR PASSENGER VEHICLES AND LIGHT VANS NOT 2.5 9.0
EXCEEDING 2500 Kg GROSS MASS INCLUDING GARAGES, DRIVEWAYS AND
RAMPS.
‫ راﻫﻬـﺎي‬،‫ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺎراژﻫـﺎ‬،‫ ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﮔﺮم‬2500 ‫ﭘﺎرﻛﻴﻨﮓ ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎي ﺳﻮاري و واﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮم ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
.‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ و رﻣﭙﻬﺎ‬

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APPENDIX IC ‫ج‬-I ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ‫اﻟﺰاﻣــﺎت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳــﺎزهﻫﺎ‬
BLAST RESISTANT ‫و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤــﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺿﺪ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬
BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

IC.1 Scope ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬1-‫ج‬-I

This Appendix covers minimum requirements for ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ‬،‫اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬
the design of blast resistant structures. .‫اﻧﻔﺠﺎر را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‬
The effects of blasts and explosions induced by ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫اﺛﺮات اﻧﻔﺠﺎر و اﺣﺘﺮاق ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺟﻨﮓ اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ‬
military weapons are not included in the scope of .‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
this Standard.
‫ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬،‫ﺑﺮاي اﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
Also, for appropriate precautions that may be
taken in the design, siting and, particularly, the ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ‬،‫ ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﺑﺮاي اﺣﺪاث ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬،‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬
construction of new control houses to minimize ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺧﺴﺎرت وارده در اﺛﺮ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﺸﺖ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
damage in the event of an explosion of a vapor
release or caused by a runaway reaction, reference
‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﻳﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
is made to: :‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
Safety Guide, SG-22: Siting and construction of ‫ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ و اﺣﺪاث‬:SG-22 ،‫ﻛﺘﺎب راﻫﻨﻤﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬
new control houses for chemical manufacturing ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﻣﻮاد‬
plants, published in 1978 by Manufacturing
Chemists Association (MCA). ‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
1978 ‫( ﺳﺎل‬MCA)

IC.2 References ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬2-‫ج‬-I

For sources of research and reference, see Clause ‫ از ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اول اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2 ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
2 of Part 1. .‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
IC.3 Definitions ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬3-‫ج‬-I

IC.3.1 Blast resistant structures are defined as ‫ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬1-3-‫ج‬-I
buildings and other structures capable of ‫اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻳﻚ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﺛﺮ‬
withstanding an external explosion which
generates an overpressure of 69 kPa for 20
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل‬20 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل و در ﻣﺪت‬69 ‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻي‬
milliseconds. This is roughly equivalent to the ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻓﺸﺎري اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
overpressure created by a free-air explosion of one ‫ﺗﻲ در ﻫﻮاي آزاد در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬.‫ان‬.‫ﻛﻪ در اﺛﺮ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻳﻚ ﺗﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﻲ‬
metric ton of TNT at 31.5 m. In resisting such an
explosion, moderate structural damage, with a ‫)در‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ اﻧﻔﺠﺎري‬.‫ ﻣﺘﺮي اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬31/5
margin of safety of at least 2.5 against collapse, is 2/5 ‫ﺣﺪود ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزه( ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
considered acceptable. The intent is that personnel
are kept safe and facilities remain operable in such ‫ ﻫﺪف ﺣﻔﻆ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن‬.‫در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ واژﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل اﺳﺖ‬
an event. ‫و ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪن ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از وﻗﻮع‬
.‫ﺣﺎدﺛﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
IC.4 Loads ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ‬4-‫ج‬-I

BLAST PRESSURES AND DURATIONS ‫ﻣﺪت و ﻓﺸﺎر اﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬

IC.4.1 Rectangular box-shaped buildings shall be ‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي‬1-4-‫ج‬-I
designed for blast pressures as follows: :‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ زﻳﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
172 (Pr) ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب‬
a) Each wall shall be designed for a peak
reflected pressure (Pr) of 172 kPa and a ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻲﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬20 (to) ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺪت‬

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duration (to) of 20 milliseconds. .‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫ب( ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و داﻟﻬﺎي ﺑﺎم ﺗﺨﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
b) Flat roof slabs and beams shall be designed
for an incident overpressure (Po) of 69 kPa and 20 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺪت‬69 ‫( ﻣﻌﺎدل‬Po) ‫ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ‬
duration (to) of 20 milliseconds. .‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ج( ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺸﺎر اﻧﻔﺠﺎر وارد ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ‬
c) The main structural framing shall be
designed for blast pressure on any one wall in ‫ﻛﺪام از دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺑﻨﺪ اﻟﻒ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
accordance with subparagraph a. above ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ آﻧﭽﻪ در زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
together with roof loading as follows:
:‫ﺷﻮد‬

PEAK PRESSURE (pf), ROOF LOADING

‫ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎم‬، (pf)‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر‬

SPAN OF STRUCTURAL FRAME m APPLIED AS UNIFORM LOAD kPa DURATION (to) ms

‫دﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺎب ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬

 3 69 20
38 35
6
30 55
12
26 60
18

،‫ﺑﺮاي دﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﻓﻮق ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬

For frame spans between those listed, pressures
‫ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎ و ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از درون ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﻄﻲ‬
and durations may be interpolated linearly.
.‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آورد‬
‫د( ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
d) All blast-induced pressures shall be assumed
to decrease linearly from the maximum value ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار‬، t = 0 ‫ﺧﻄﻲ از ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺧﻮد در زﻣﺎن‬
at time t=0 to zero at t=to. .‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‬t = to ‫ﺻﻔﺮ در زﻣﺎن‬
IC.4.2 Blast pressure and durations for special ،‫ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻗﻮﺳﻲ‬:‫ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي وﻳﮋه‬2-4-‫ج‬-I
structures such as arches, domes and earth- ‫ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن و ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬،‫ﮔﻨﺒﺪي و ﻣﺪﻓﻮن در ﺧﺎك‬
embanked structures shall receive prior approval
by the AR.
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ را درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

STATIC LOAD EQUIVALENT OF BLAST ‫ﺑﺎر اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ و ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬
PRESSURES AND DURATIONS ‫از اﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬
IC.4.3 Required dynamic resistance, R*, in the ‫ در راﺳﺘﺎي‬، R* ،‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬3-4-‫ج‬-I
direction of blast loads shall be calculated in
accordance with the procedure outlined in ASCE ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ روش اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در‬
Manual 42, or an equivalent acceptable method ‫ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ روش ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل‬ASCE ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬42 ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
which takes into account dynamic response. ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬،‫ ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮات ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ را ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
Required dynamic resistance may be calculated in
accordance with the following general formula: ‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﻛﻠﻲ زﻳﺮ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد‬

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P
R
 

 2m(  0.7)

* R. shall not be less than (13.8 kPa) and need not ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬86 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻛﻤﺘﺮ و از‬13/8 ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از‬R*
be greater than 86 kPa. .‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

Where:
:‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
‫ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺎر‬،‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزهاي‬R
R is required dynamic resistance of structural
element expressed as static load equivalent of ‫اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن و ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﻔﺠﺎر در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
blast pressure and duration, kPa. .‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
P is peak blast load = Pr or Po or pf as appropriate Pf ‫ ﻳﺎ‬Po ‫ ﻳﺎ‬Pr ‫ ﺑﺎر اﻧﻔﺠﺎري ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻣﺴﺎوي اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‬P
for the element under consideration, kPa. ‫ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬.‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺟﺰاي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬
 is energy absorption factor = 2  m -1 .‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬-1  m 2 ‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺬب اﻧﺮژي و ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬

m is maximum displacement factor = Xm/Xy .‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Xm / Xy ‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن و ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬m

 is duration factor = to/T .‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬to/T ‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن و ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬

Xm is maximum dynamic displacement, mm. .‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ و ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Xm
‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در زﻣﺎن اﻧﻔﺠﺎر اوﻟﻴﻪ و ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬Xy
Xy is effective displacement at initial yield, mm.
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
to is duration of blast load, milliseconds. .‫ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﺑﺎر اﻧﻔﺠﺎري و ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬to

T is fundamental period of vibration of structure ‫ دوره ﺗﻨﺎوب اﺻﻠﻲ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺳﺎزه ﻳﺎ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬T
or element under consideration, milliseconds. .‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
IC.4.4 Maximum dynamic displacement factors ‫ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬4-4-‫ج‬-I
shall be limited as follows: :‫ﺑﺎزه زﻳﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
a) For structural steel,  m  5  m  5 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي‬

b) For reinforced concrete loaded primarily in ‫ب( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از‬
flexure,  m  3  m  3 .‫ﺧﻤﺶ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬

c) For reinforced concrete subjected primarily ‫ج( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻓﺸﺎر‬
to axial compression or shear,  m  1.5  m  1.5 ،‫ﻣﺤﻮري ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮش ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
d) For a steel or reinforced concrete girder ‫ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻳﻚ‬،‫ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ آرﻣﻪ‬،‫د( ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻴﺮ ﺣﻤﺎل‬
forming a part of the main structural frame
which resists both vertical and lateral ‫ و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ و ﻋﻤﻮدي را‬،‫ﻗﺎب اﺻﻠﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
loads,  m  1.0  m  1.0 ،‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

IC.4.5 The maximum allowable plastic joint ‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜـﺮ ﮔــﺮادﻳﺎن ﻣﺠــﺎز ﻣﻔﺼـﻞ ﭘﻼﺳﺘــﻴﻚ‬5-4-‫ج‬-I
gradient,  = xm/l shall be limited as follows: :‫ = ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺎزه زﻳﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬xm/l 
a) For structural steel,   0.03   0.03 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزه ﻓﻮﻻدي‬

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b) For reinforced concrete,   0.02   0.02 ‫ب( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬

Where: :‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬

l is segment length between plastic hinges in the ‫ ﻃﻮل ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ در ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﺎزهاي‬l
structural element under consideration, mm. .‫ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
xm is  m R/Ke mm .‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬m R/Ke  ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬xm

Ke is effective elastic stiffness of the structural ‫ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺎزهاي ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬Ke
element, kPa/mm. .‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻮج ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز درﺧﻼف‬6-4-‫ج‬-I
IC.4.6 Required rebound resistance opposite in
direction to R. shall be determined in accordance ‫ ﻳﺎ‬ASCE ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬42 ‫ و ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬R ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬
with ASCE Manual 42, or an equivalent ‫ﻳﻚ روش ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل درﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از‬
acceptable method, and shall not be less than 75
percent of undamped rebound, or 25 percent of ‫درﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬25 ‫درﺻﺪ ﻧﻴﺮوي ارﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺮا ﻳﺎ‬75
dynamic resistance per clause IC.4.3, whichever is ‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬،‫ ﻫﺮﻛﺪام ﻛﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ‬3-4-‫ج‬-I ‫ﻣﻮرد اﺷﺎره در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
greater.
.‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
LOAD COMBINATIONS ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎر‬

IC.4.7 Required dynamic resistance (R) to blast ‫( در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬R) ‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬7-4-‫ج‬-I
loads shall be combined with other loads as
follows: :‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ زﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮد‬

U=D+L+R

Where: :‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬

U is total required resistance .‫ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬U

D is dead loads, or their related internal moments .‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬D
and forces.

L is live loads, or their related internal moments .‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬L
and forces.

IC.4.8 Required rebound resistance shall normally ‫ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻮج ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻮرد‬8-4-‫ج‬-I
be considered in combination with dead loads
only. .‫ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻧﻴﺎز‬

IC.4.9 Resistance to blast loads shall not be ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬9-4-‫ج‬-I
considered in combination with wind or
earthquake. .‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎر زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎد ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮد‬

IC.5 Structure Design ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزه‬5-‫ج‬-I

STRUCTURE DESIGN CAPACITY ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزه‬

IC.5.1 Dynamic capacity of any structural element ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزهاي‬1-5-‫ج‬-I
shall be determined according to the plastic design
method for structural steel and the ultimate ‫ و روش‬،‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ روش ﻃﺮح ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي‬
strength method for reinforced concrete as AISC ‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ‬،‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬
provided by AISC Specification and ACI
Standard, respectively, except that: :‫ ﻣﮕﺮ در ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ‬،‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬ACI ‫و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

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a) Dynamic strengths of materials per the ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ از ﺟﺪاول زﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
Tables below shall be used. .‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
b) Capacity reduction factors (0) can be ‫ درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬10 ‫ب( ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ را ﺑﺘﻮان ﺗﺎ‬
increased by 10 percent. .‫داد‬
c) The dynamic modulus elasticity of concrete ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار آن‬1/25 ‫ج( ﻣﺪول اﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
shall be 1.25 times the static value. .‫در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

DYNAMIC STRENGTHS OF STRUCTURAL AND REINFORCING STEEL

‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺳﺎزه و ﻓﻮﻻدﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ‬
(Relative to conventional specified minimum yield-strengths, fy)
( fy،‫)ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﻄﻮرﻣﺘﻌﺎرف‬

FOR STEELS WITH......................................... fy  415 MPa

‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬fy  415 ................... ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮﻻدﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ‬
DIRECT TENSION OR FLEXURE (fdy)................... 1.2 fy
1.2 fy.........................( fdy ) ‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻤﺶ‬

DIRECT COMPRESSION.......................2 Fa (1) BUT  fdy

fdy  2 Fa (1) BUT ........................... ‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

SHEAR (fdy)......................................................... 0.60 fy

0.60 fy..................................................................... ‫ﺑﺮش‬

FOR STEELS WITH.................................................. fv > 415 MPa (2)

fv > 415 MPa (2) ................................... ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺎ‬

DIRECT TENSION OR FLEXURE (fdy).............. 1.1 fy

1.1 fy................................................ (fdy) ‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻤﺶ‬

DIRECT COMPRESSION….............1.8 Fa (1)

BUT  fdy

fdy  1.8 Fa (1) BUT ........................... ‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

SHEAR (fdy).......................................................... 0.55 fy
0.55 fy.......................................................... (fdy) ‫ﺑﺮش‬

:‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
AISC ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1 ‫( ﺗﻨﺶ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﺠﺎز در ﺑﺨﺶ‬1
1) The allowable compressive stress per Part 1
of AISC Specification. .‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
2) Use of steels in this category requires ‫( ﻓﻮﻻد ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬2
approval by AR. .‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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DYNAMIC STRENGTHS OF CONCRETE MPa

MPa ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
(RELATIVE TO 28-DAY STANDARD CYLINDER COMPRESSIVE)
(‫ روز‬28 ‫)ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در‬
(STRENGTH , f'c in MPa) (3)
(‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬fc )

AXIAL OR FLEXURAL COMPRESSION (f'dc)…………… 1.25 f'c

1.25 f'c ...................................... (f'dc) ‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻮري‬

SHEAR, DIRECT (vd)……………………………………... 0.20 f'c

0.20 f'c............................................................. (vd) ‫ﺑﺮش ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

SHEAR, DIAGONAL TENSION (vdc)....…………………... 0.187 √f'c

0.187 √f'c........................................... (vdc)‫ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻗﻄﺮي‬،‫ﺑﺮش‬

BOND ON DEFORMED BARS (ud) ………………………… 0.15 f'c

0.15 f'c .............................. (ud)‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي آﺟﺪار‬

DIRECT TENSION (fdt)……………………………………….. 0.622 √f'c

0.622 √f'c .............................................. (fdt) ‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

BEARING (fbc)……….....…………………...…………….……… 0.85 f’c

0.85 f’c ............................................................. (fbc)‫ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬

:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬20/7 ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از‬f' c ‫( در ﻫﺮ ﺻﻮرت‬3
3) In no case shall f’c be less than 20.7 MPa.
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
ADDITIONAL STRUCTURE DESIGN ‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ‬
REQUIREMENTS

IC.5.2 The span between supports of a structural ‫ دﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻳﻚ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﺎزهاي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬2-5-‫ج‬-I
element shall be limited to 18 m. .‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺷﻮد‬18
IC.5.3 Reinforced concrete structures shall satisfy ‫ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ آرﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ زﻳﺮ را‬3-5-‫ج‬-I
the following additional requirements: :‫ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
a) Roof slabs and external walls shall be ‫اﻟﻒ( داﻟﻬﺎي ﺑﺎم و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻫﺮ دو وﺟﻪ‬
double reinforced. The amount of
reinforcement on each face shall be between
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻳﻦ آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮف ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫آرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﮔﺬاري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
0.25 percent and 2 percent of the effective .‫ درﺻﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2 ‫ درﺻﺪ و‬0/25 ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬
cross-sectional area. Slabs and walls shall be a 200 ‫ و‬125 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ داﻟﻬﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
minimum of 125 mm and 200 mm in
thickness, respectively. .‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ب( ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﺧﺎص‬
b) Frames and shear walls shall be designed in
accordance with Special Provisions for ،ACI 318 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬A ‫ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬
Seismic Design, ACI 318 Appendix A, except ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬،‫ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺮدهاﺳﺖ‬
as modified herein.
.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
IC.5.4 Structures employing structural steel ‫ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬4-5-‫ج‬-I
shapes shall satisfy the following additional
requirements: :‫زﻳﺮ را ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬

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a) All members shall be designed with ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻛﻤﺎﻧﺸﻬﺎي ﻛﻠﻲ و ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ از‬
stiffeners and bracing to prevent local or
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزه‬،‫رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ‬
general buckling before their full plastic
capacities are developed. .‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﺨﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺑﺎدﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

b) Joints and connections shall be capable of ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ اﺟﺰاء ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬،‫ب( اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬
developing the full capacities of the connected
members. The allowable stresses in bolts, ‫ ﭘﺮچﻫﺎ و ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﻮﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬.‫ﺷﺪه را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
rivets and welds shall be as specified in the ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﺨﺶ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ‬
plastic design portion of the AISC
Specification. .‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬AISC ‫اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺟﺰاء ﺳﺎزهاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ‬5-5-‫ج‬-I

IC.5.5 Structural elements constructed of
unreinforced concrete, masonry (concrete blocks, ‫ آﺟﺮ و ﻏﻴﺮه( ﺑﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ )ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬
brick, etc.) prestressed concrete, or other materials ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﺷﻜﻞﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻣﺤﺪود‬
of limited ductility, are not permitted.
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
IC.5.6 Supports for roof and floor supported ‫ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺑﺎﻣﻬﺎ و ﻛﻔﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮ روي‬6-5-‫ج‬-I
equipment: :‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد‬
a) Supports for equipment suspended from the ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات آوﻳﺰان از ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
roof shall be designed using normal static
allowable stresses to resist a horizontal or
‫از روش ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﮕﻮﻧﻪاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
vertical force equal to three times the weight of ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮوي اﻓﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ وزن آن‬
the equipment. Provisions shall be made to ‫ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
accommodate horizontal movement of the
roof. .‫اﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺎم ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬

b) Floor-supported equipment such as lockers, ‫ ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﻫﺎي ﺑﺮق و ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬،‫ب( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
electrical cubicles, and tubing racks shall have ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ آزاد از دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ‬
a minimum clearance from the outside walls
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن در اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از‬
commensurate with the anticipated
displacement of the building under blast loads, ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﻛﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ را داﺷﺘﻪ‬40 ‫اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻳﺎ‬
or 40 mm whichever is greater. .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
IC.6 Foundation Design ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺎﻟﻮده‬6-‫ج‬-I

IC.6.1 Foundations shall be designed for the ‫ ﺷﺎﻟﻮدهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﮕﻮﻧﻪاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬1-6-‫ج‬-I
maximum values of the dynamic reactions
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎي دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ را‬
resulting from the following taken simultaneously
in combination: :‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬

a) Peak reflected pressure (Pr) acting on any ‫( وارد ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از‬Pr) ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ارﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ‬
one wall. .‫دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬
b) Roof loading (pf). .( pf ) ‫ب( ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎم‬

c) Applicable dead and live loads. .‫ج( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه و ﻣﺮده ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﻤﺎل‬

The maximum value of the dynamic reaction can ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﺎ ﻛﻞ‬
be considered as the reaction to the total structural ‫( ﺳﺎزه ﻛﻪ در اﺛﺮ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﺎر اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬U) ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
resistance (U) applied as a static load. The
durations and time phase relationships shall be ‫ از ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن اﺛﺮ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان‬.‫ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
disregarded. .‫ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﻮد‬

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In no case shall the capacity of any foundation be ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬،‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﭘﻲ‬
less than the ultimate static capacity of the
.‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻮد‬،‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺎزهاي واﻗﻊ ﺑﺮ آن‬،‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
structural system it supports.

IC.6.2 Allowable dynamic soil bearing pressures ‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﺠﺎز دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬2-6-‫ج‬-I
shall be based on the results of a soils
‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎ و ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻬﺎ و‬
investigation, and a consideration of permissible
total and differential settlements. .‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺧﺎك اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﮕﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬3-6-‫ج‬-I
IC.6.3 The foundation shall be designed so that
the safety factor against overturning due to the ‫ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ واژﮔﻮﻧﻲ از ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎي‬،‫اﻳﻤﻨﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ واژﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬
unbalanced lateral dynamic reactions is not less 1/2 ‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬،‫دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎدل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‬
than 1.2.
.‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
IC.6.4 Passive resistance of the foundation, where ‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺷﺎﻟﻮده و درﻣﻮارد ﻟﺰوم ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ‬4-6-‫ج‬-I
required in addition to friction to resist sliding, ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎر‬1/5 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ آن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻟﻐﺰش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
shall be at least 1.5 times the unbalanced lateral
‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﺑﺎر ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎدل‬.‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎدل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
load. The unbalanced lateral load is defined as the
total horizontal dynamic reaction force less the ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ اﻓﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
frictional resistance. .‫اﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
IC.6.5 For piled foundations the allowable ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺎﻟﻮدهﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﻊ ﺑﺎر ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻣﺠﺎز‬5-6-‫ج‬-I
vertical load under blast condition shall be 0.8
‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ‬0/8 ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﻧﻔﺠﺎري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
times the ultimate static capacity or 2.5 times the
conventional allowable load, whichever is less. .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺠﺎز ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف‬2/5

IC.6.6 Where piles are required to resist lateral ‫ در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ‬،‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬6-6-‫ج‬-I
movements of the structure, they shall be ‫ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺳﺎزه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
designed as follows: :‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
a) If only vertical piles are used, the combined ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( اﮔﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻮدي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
ultimate lateral capacity of the piles and the
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوم دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﭘﻲ و‬
passive resistance on the foundation walls and
footing shall be equal to or greater than 1.5 ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬1/5 ‫ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬
times the full lateral resistance required. .‫ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

b) Where batter piles are used, the allowable

lateral resistance of the foundation shall be
،‫ب( در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ از ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎي ﻣﺎﻳﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
taken as 0.8 times the ultimate lateral load ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎر ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬0/8 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺠﺎز ﭘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
capacity of the batter piles or 0.5 times the ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎر ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬0/5 ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎي ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻳﺎ‬
combined ultimate lateral load capacity of the ‫ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﻤﻊﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻼوه ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوم‬
pile system plus the passive resistance,
whichever is greater. .‫ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬

IC.7 Doors and Openings ‫ درﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻫﺎ‬7-‫ج‬-I

Doors ‫درﻫﺎ‬

IC.7.1 Doors in external blast-resistant walls shall ‫ درﻫﺎي ﻛﺎر ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ در دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ‬1-7-‫ج‬-I
be designed statically for a pressure of 86 kPa ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬86 ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﻓﺸﺎر اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
acting inward and for a pressure of 62 kPa acting ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ‬62 ‫داﺧﻞ وارد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
outward (rebound) using maximum design ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﮕﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬،‫ﺑﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺎرج وارد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
stresses equal to the dynamic yield stress of the ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻮرد‬،‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
materials being used.
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺷﻮد‬

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‫ درﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺎرج ﺑﺎز ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و در ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬2-7-‫ج‬-I

IC.7.2 Doors shall open outward and shall be
supported on all edges by the door frames. No ‫ ﻫﻴﭻ دري ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻟﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب درب ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﻮد‬
door shall be recessed more than one-half its ‫ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻧﺼﻒ ﻋﺮﺿﺶ در دﻳﻮار ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻮ رﻓﺘﮕﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ‬
width into the building.
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
IC.7.3 Latch and hinge mechanisms shall be ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰم ﻟﻮﻻ و ﭼﻔﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﮕﻮﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬3-7-‫ج‬-I
capable of withstanding the door rebound loading. .‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻣﻮج ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر و ﻳﺮاق آﻻﺗﺸﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬4-7-‫ج‬-I
IC.7.4 Blast resistant doors and associated
hardware shall be designed and fabricated by a ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬،‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه اي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
vendor approved by the AR. .‫و ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد‬
OTHER OPENINGS ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻫﺎ‬
‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻫﻮاﻛﺶ و‬5-7-‫ج‬-I
IC.7.5 Openings such as vent intakes and fume
hoods shall be designed for blast effects. Such ‫ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺛﺮات اﻧﻔﺠﺎر دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬،‫دودﻛﺸﻬﺎ‬
openings shall by location, use of blast attenuators ‫ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ‬،‫ﺿﺮوري از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎزﺷﻮ‬
or other means, prevent entry of shock waves and ‫ﻣﻴﺮاﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ روﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از‬
debris into personnel and critical equipment areas. ‫ورود ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺎي ﺿﺮﺑﻪاي و ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬
.‫ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺣﺴﺎس‬
IC.7.6 The total area of all openings, excluding ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از‬،‫ ﺑﺪون درﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻫﺎ‬6-7-‫ج‬-I
doors, shall be limited to 0.0066 m2/m3 of the ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬.‫ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ در ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬0/0066
building volume. The total area of openings on
any one side of the building shall not exceed one- ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻘﺪار‬،‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﻫﺎي ﻳﻜﻄﺮف ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻧﻴﺰ‬
half this limit. .‫ﻓﻮق ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
IC.7.7 Windows are not permitted. .‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬7-7-‫ج‬-I

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APPENDIX ID ‫د‬-I ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬

EARTHQUAKE DESIGN BASES IN ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه در ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‬
PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES

ID.1 Scope ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬1-‫د‬-I

This Appendix defines bases for the calculation ‫اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه در‬
of earthquake forces for the design of buildings, ‫ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ذﺧﻴﺮهﺳﺎزي و‬،‫ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي روﺑﺎز‬،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬
open structures, storage facilities and process
equipment. .‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪي را ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬

ID.2 References ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬2-‫د‬-I

ID.2.1 For the codes and standards referred to in ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ‬1-2-‫د‬-I
this Appendix see clause 2. .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2 ‫در اﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
Calculation of earthquake forces for the design of ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ و‬
buildings and structures will be according to
ASCE-7 “Minimum Design Loads For Buildings ‫ "ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮح‬ASCE-7 ‫ از‬12 ‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
And Other Structures” section 12. .‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ" اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬،‫ در ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﻴﺮه زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﻮ‬2-2-‫د‬-I
ID.2.2 Earthquake design loads for non elevated
atmospheric storage tanks shall be per the ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮزه ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬
following: :‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
- API 650 Appendix E for tank designs based API 650 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬E ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﻪ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬-
on that standard. .‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
ID.2.3 Also as a guideline users are referred to ‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان راﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ "آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬3-2-‫د‬-I
"Iranian Seismic Code For Oil Industries"
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻟﺮزه اي ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ" از اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات‬
published by “Ministry Of Petroleum-Deputy For
Engineering And Local Manufacturing” .‫"وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ داﺧﻞ" ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬3-‫د‬-I
ID.3 Seismic Zone
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺧﻄﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي‬
Seismic zone shall be considered as per Iranian
Code Of Practice For Seismic Resistant Design ‫ﻏﻴﺮﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
Of Buildings and for industrial installations and ‫ و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت و ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬
structures, as per “AR” decision.
.‫اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬

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PART II

DESIGN LOADS IN OFFSHORE AND ONSHORE STRUCTURES

II ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬

‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ و ﺧﺸﻜﻲ‬

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Page
CONTENTS: : ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
No
PART II:
:II ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
1. SCOPE ................................................................ 80
80 ...................................................... ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
2. REFERENCES .................................................. 80
80 ............................................................. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
3. SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS ....................... 80
80 .............................................. ‫ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ و ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت‬-3
4. BASIC REQUIREMENT ................................. 82
82 ..................................................... ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اوﻟﻴﻪ‬-4
5. PLATFORM TYPE........................................... 82
82 ........................................................ ‫ اﻧﻮاع ﺳﻜﻮ‬-5
5.1 Fixed Platform Types ................................. 82
82 ............................................. ‫ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬1-5
5.2 Other Platforms .......................................... 83
83 .............................................. ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎ‬2-5
6. APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
INFORMATION ............................................... 83
83 ...................................... ‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬-6
6.1 Values for Design ........................................ 83
83 ............................................. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬1-6
6.2 Characteristic Values ................................. 84
84 ........................................... ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬2-6
7. DESIGN CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES ... 84
84 ................................... ‫ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ و روﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬-7
7.1 General ........................................................ 84
84 ...................................................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-7
7.2 Functional Loads ........................................ 85
85 ......................................... ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬2-7
8. ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS .......................... 87
87 .................................................. ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬-8
8.1 Wind ............................................................ 87
87 ............................................................ ‫ ﺑﺎد‬1-8
8.2 Wave and Current ...................................... 90
90 ..............................................‫ ﻣﻮج و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬2-8
8.3 Impulsive Loads, (I) ................................... 94
94 .......................................... ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ اي‬3-8
8.4 Vortex Shedding, (Vx) ................................ 95
95 .................................... (Vx)،‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺮداﺑﻲ‬4-8
8.5 Snow and Ice ............................................... 95
95 .................................................. ‫ ﺑﺮف و ﻳﺦ‬5-8
8.6 Earthquake Loads ...................................... 96

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96 ...............................................‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬6-8

9. GUIDANCE NOTES ON THE CALCULATION
OF WIND AND CURRENT FORCES ............ 99
99 .... ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮات راﻫﻨﻤﺎ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺑﺎد و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬-9
9.1 Wind Force Calculation ............................. 99
99 ........................................ ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎد‬1-9
10. GUIDANCE NOTES ON THE
CALCULATION OF THE WAVE
AND CURRENT FORCES ............................ 101
101 .. ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮات راﻫﻨﻤﺎ درﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﻮج و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬-10
10.1 Drag and Inertia Loading ........................ 101
101 .................. ‫ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ )ﭘﺴﺎ( و ﻟﺨﺘﻲ‬1-10
11. LOADS IN COMBINATION ......................... 102
102 ..................................................... ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ‬-11
11.1 General ...................................................... 102
102 ...................................................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-11
11.2 Operating Conditions ............................... 102
102 ..................................... ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري‬2-11
11.3 Extreme Storm Conditions ...................... 103
103 .................................... ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن‬3-11
11.4 Earthquake Loading Conditions ............. 105
105 ................................. ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬4-11
11.5 Other Load Combination Cases .............. 106
106 ................................‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎر‬5-11
12. CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION
LOADS, (C) ..................................................... 106
106 ................................ ( C ) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬-12
12.1 General ...................................................... 106
106 ..................................................... ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-12
13. ACCIDENTAL LOADS ............................ 106
106 ........................................... ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ‬-13
13.1 Boat Impact ............................................... 106
106 ...............................................‫ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎور‬1-13
14. ADDENDUM ................................................... 108
108 ........................................................... ‫ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬-14

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1. SCOPE ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1

All loads that may influence the dimensioning of ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺳﺎزه ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ از آن را‬
the structure or parts of the structure are to be .‫ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
considered in the design. This applies for all
‫اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده دردوران ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺳﺎزه‬
phases of the life of the structure. (See clause 3 of
Part I for definitions of phases). 1 ‫ از ﺑﺨﺶ‬3 ‫ )ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The loads are to include the effects of increased ‫ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﺑﻌﺎد و وزن‬.(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
dimensions and weight due to marine growth, ice .‫ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن درﻳﺎﻳﻲ و اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﻳﺦ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
accumulation etc.

2. REFERENCES ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
Throughout this Standard the following dated and ‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار و‬
undated standards/codes are referred to. These ‫ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ در‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬.‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ زﻳﺮ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
referenced documents shall, to the extent specified
‫ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‬
herein, form a part of this standard. For dated
references, the edition cited applies. The ‫ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
applicability of changes in dated references that ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻼك ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ در‬
occur after the cited date shall be mutually agreed
upon by the Company and the Vendor. For ‫ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬،‫آﻧﻬﺎ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
undated references, the latest edition of the ‫ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬.‫اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
referenced documents (including any supplements
.‫اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
and amendments) applies.

API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE) (‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬API

RP 2A-LRFD-1993(reaffirmed 2003) (2003 ‫ )ﺑﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬RP 2A-LRFD-1993
"Recommended Practice for Planning and ‫" ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪﻫﺎي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي‬
Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms" "‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ درﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬

US ARMY (‫ )ارﺗﺶ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬US ARMY

Coastal Engineering Manual (CEM) (2 ‫ﻛﺘﺎب راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ )ﺑﺨﺶ‬
EM-1102-2-1100(Part II) (CEM) EM-1102-2-1100

3. SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS ‫ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ و ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت‬-3

3.1 Definitions & Terminology ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬1-3

For the purposes of this Standard, the following :‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻔﺎد اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
definitions apply:

APPROVAL :AR’s approval in writing of plans, ‫ ﻣﺪارك ﻓﻨﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬،‫ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ‬:‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ‬
drawings and specification, etc. .‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
ACCEPTANCE : AR’s acceptance in ‫ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ داﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬:(‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮش )ﻗﺒﻮل‬
writing that information submitted in connection
‫ )ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل روﺷﻬﺎي‬،‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ‬
with approval, e.g. methods calculations or special
investigations, has been found acceptable. .‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻴﻬﺎي ﺧﺎص( ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

DESIGN LIFE: The period of time from .‫ دوره زﻣﺎﻧﻲ از آﻏﺎز ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺎ اﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﺎزه‬: ‫دوره ﻃﺮح‬
commencement of construction till condemnation
of structure.

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DESIGN PHASES : The design life of an ‫ دوره ﻃﺮح ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎزه درﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻪ‬: ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
offshore structure is normally devised into five
design phases as defined in the following: : ‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

1 - Phase C-Construction: ‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬-1

This phase includes construction ashore and ‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ در ﺳﺎﺣﻞ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ در درﻳﺎ‬
construction afloat. .‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
2 - Phase T-Transportation: ‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ‬-2
This phase includes transportation of the ‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺳﺎزه ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از آن از ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺑﻪ‬
structure or a part of the structure, including ‫درﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ از ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎرج و ﭘﻬﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي در آﺑﻬﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬
transportation from shore to sea, or from shore
.‫ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
to barge, and mooring operations in protected
waters.

3 - Phase I-Installation: ‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ‬-3

This phase includes installation of the structure ‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﺎزه در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
at its final location, i.e., the period from start of ‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ دوره اي از ﺷﺮوع ﺷﻨﺎورﺳﺎزي از ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬
submerging from transport position or
،‫ ﺷﻤﻊ زﻧﻲ‬:‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮدن از روي ﺑﺎرج‬
launching from barge, including piling,
grouting or anchoring, until the platform is ‫ﮔﺮوترﻳﺰي و ﻣﻬﺎرﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري‬
ready for normal operation. .‫ﻋﺎدي را ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‬
4 - Phase O-Operation: ‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري‬-4
This phase is the period from completed ‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دوره اﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و‬
installation till condemnation or removal .‫ﻳﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
from location.

5 - Phase R-Retrieval:
‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬-5
This phase includes retrieval or removal of the .‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻳﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
structure.

OFFSHORE STRUCTURE: A structure ‫ ﺳﺎزهاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري و ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪن ﺑﻪ‬: ‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬
designed to remain permanently fixed to the sea ‫ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﺎرﻫﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬،‫ﻛﻒ درﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ وزن ﺧﻮد‬
bed by gravity, piles or anchors.
.‫ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
3.2 Notation ‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت‬2-3

The following general symbols are used. Other ‫ در ﻫﺮ‬،‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬
symbols are defined in the Sections where they .‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
are used.

D = dead load, ‫= ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده‬ D

L = live (imposed) load, ‫= ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه‬ L

H = hydrostatic pressure, ‫= ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ H

Df = deformation load, ‫ = ﺑﺎر ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬Df

Env = environmental loads, ‫ = ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬Env

W = wind load, ‫= ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎد‬ W

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Fw = wind force, ‫ = ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎد‬FW

WV = wave and current load, ‫ = ﺑﺎر ﻣﻮج و ﺑﺎر ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬WV

Fwv = force per unit length of member, ‫ = ﻧﻴﺮو ﺑﺮ واﺣﺪ ﻃﻮل ﻋﻀﻮ‬FWV

I = impulsive loads, ‫= ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ اي‬ I

Vx = vortex shedding, ‫ = ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺮداﺑﻲ‬Vx

S = snow and ice loads, ‫ = ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺮف و ﻳﺦ‬S

E = earthquake (seismic) load, (‫ = ﺑﺎر زﻟﺰﻟﻪ )ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ‬E

C = construction and installation load, ‫ = ﺑﺎر ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬C

A = accidental loads. ‫ = ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ‬A

4. BASIC REQUIREMENT ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اوﻟﻴﻪ‬-4

4.1 Safety Considerations ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬1-4

The safety of life and property depends upon the ‫اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت و ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ آن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮان ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺳﺎزه در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
ability of the structure to support the loads for ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي آن ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
which it was designed and to survive the
‫ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم و‬.‫ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬،‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﻗﻮع آن ﻣﻲرود‬
environmental conditions which may occur. Over
and above this overall concept, good practice ‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﻄﻌﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻲ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺟﺮاي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
dictates use of certain structural additions, ‫ﺳﺎزهاي و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺧﺎص و ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻧﺠﺎم‬
equipment and procedures on a platform so that
injuries to personnel will be minimized and the ‫ﻛﺎر روي ﺳﻜﻮ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮاﺣﺎت وارده ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ و ﺧﻄﺮ‬
risk of collision from ships reduce. Governmental ‫ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﺼﻮب دوﻟﺘﻲ در‬.‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﻛﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻜﻮ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬
regulations stipulating such requirements and all
‫راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬
other applicable regulations should be carried out.
.‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
5. PLATFORM TYPE ‫ اﻧﻮاع ﺳﻜﻮ‬-5

5.1 Fixed Platform Types ‫ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬1-5

5.1.1 Template ‫ ﺳﻜﻮي ﺷﺎﺑﻠﻨﻲ‬1-1-5

A template-type platform consists of: : ‫ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﺑﻠﻨﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ از‬
1) The jacket or welded tubular space frame ‫( ﻏﻼف ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎزه ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﺑﻠﻦ ﺑﺮاي‬1
which is designed to serve as a template for ‫اﺟﺮاي ﺷﻤﻊ ﻛﻮﺑﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﺎرﺑﻨﺪ اﻓﻘﻲ‬
pile driving, and as lateral bracing for the piles.
.‫ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
2) Piles which permanently anchor the
‫ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺳﻜﻮ را ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒ اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس ﻣﻬﺎر‬،‫( ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬2
platform to the ocean floor, and carry both
lateral and vertical loads. .‫ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺋﻢ و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
3) A superstructure consisting of the necessary ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺮﭘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز و ﻋﺮﺷﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ‬،‫( ﺳﺎزه ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‬3
trusses and deck space for supporting ‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ‬
operational and other loads.

5.1.2 Tower ‫ ﺳﻜﻮي ﺑﺮﺟﻲ‬2-1-5

A tower platform is one which has relatively few ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬5 ‫ﺳﻜﻮي ﺑﺮﺟﻲ از ﺗﻌﺪادي ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻗﻄﻮر ﻣﺜﻼً ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ‬
large diameter, e.g. 5 m legs. The tower may be

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floated to location and placed in position by ‫ ﺑﺮج را ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﻨﺎور ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺮده و ﺑﺎ ﻏﺮق‬.‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
selective flooding. Tower platforms may or may
‫ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻛﺮدن ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲدﻫﻨﺪ‬
not be supported by piling. Where piles are used,
they are driven through sleeves inside or attached .‫ﺑﺮﺟﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﻤﻊ زﻧﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪون آن ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
to the outside of the legs. The piling may also ‫ ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ در ﻣﻴﺎن‬،‫در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ از ﺷﻤﻊ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
serve as well conductors. If the tower’s support is
furnished by spread footings instead of by piling, ‫ﻏﻼفﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در داﺧﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎرج ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪه‬
the well conductors may be installed either inside ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺷﻤﻊ ﻛﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺠﺎي ﻫﺎدي ﭼﺎه ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮج‬
or outside the legs.
‫ اﮔﺮ در ﺑﺮج از ﺷﻤﻊ ﺑﺠﺎي ﭘﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
.‫ﻫﺎدي ﭼﺎه ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در داﺧﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎرج ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد‬
5.1.3 Gravity structures ‫ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺛﻘﻠﻲ‬3-1-5
A gravity structure is one that relies on the weight ‫ﺳﺎزه ﺛﻘﻠﻲ آن دﺳﺘﻪ از ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در‬
of the structure rather than piling to resist ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ وزن ﺳﺎزه ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
environmental loads.
.‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬
5.1.4 Caisson (‫ ﻛﻴﺴﻮن )ﺻﻨﺪوﻗﭽﻪ‬4-1-5
A caisson platform is one whose foundation ‫ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي ﻛﻴﺴﻮن آﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه ﺷﺎﻟﻮده آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻳﻚ‬
support consists of one large member. These ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ از ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي‬
structures range from freestanding caissons which
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي‬762 ‫ﺧﻮد اﺗﻜﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
support only one well 762 mm OD to large
structures several meters in diameter. .‫ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ را در ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬

5.2 Other Platforms ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎ‬2-5

5.2.1 Guyed tower ‫ ﺑﺮج ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﺪه‬1-2-5

A guyed tower is a structure with a tubular steel ‫ﺑﺮج ﻣﻬﺎرﺷﺪه ﺳﺎزهاي اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺎب ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﻛﻪ‬
frame supported vertically by piles or by a ‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﺎﻟﻮده ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﻬﺎر‬
shallow bearing foundation. Primary lateral
‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﺻﻠﻲ آن ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي‬
support is provided by a guyline system.
.‫ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻣﻬﺎرﺑﻨﺪي‬
5.2.2 Tension leg platform ‫ ﺳﻜﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزوي ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‬2-2-5
A tension leg platform is a buoyant platform ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﻜﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزوي ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺳﻜﻮﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﺷﻨﺎور ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬
connected by vertical tethers to a template on the .‫ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎي ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ واﻗﻊ در ﻛﻒ درﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
sea floor.

5.2.3 Others ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬3-2-5

Other structures include underwater oil storage ‫ ﭘﻠﻬﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ‬،‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻧﻔﺘﻲ زﻳﺮ درﻳﺎ‬
tanks, bridges connecting platforms, etc. .‫ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

6. APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬-6

INFORMATION

6.1 Values for Design ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬1-6

- The extreme values of environmental factors ‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬-
to be taken into account in design, are in ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻳﻚ‬
general to be not less than those likely to be
‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﺒﺎر از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﻔﺮوض‬100 ‫دوره‬
exceeded on average, once only in a period of
100 years. In regions where environmental ‫ در ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬.‫ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ رود‬
data is well established an average return ‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬50 ‫اﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان از دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬

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period of 50 years may be accepted by AR. .‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬

- For simplicity this Standard has been written ‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎده ﺳﺎزي‬-
in terms of the 100 year return period. Where a ‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬100
50 year return period is accepted reference to
‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‬50 ‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ دوره‬50
100 years should be replaced by 50 years.
.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
- The joint probability of occurrence of ‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ‬،‫ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬-
extreme values of individual design factors ‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار‬،‫دادهﻫﺎي دﻗﻴﻖ در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ‬
may be taken into account where sufficiently
.‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬
accurate data exists.

-Where installations are intended for ‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ دوره ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﻄﻮر اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬-
exceptionally long service lives then the ‫ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
average return period on which the design
.‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺧﺎص درﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
criteria are based is to be specially considered.

6.2 Characteristic Values ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬2-6

For loads that may be considered as random, the ‫ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬Fk ‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ‬
characteristic value Fk is defined as the most ‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬،‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ در دوره زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺴﺎوي ﺑﺎ دوره ﻃﺮح‬
probable largest value in a time period equal to
‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ در ﺑﺎر ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
the design period. Where a reduction in load may
result in a reduced safety of the structure, the ‫اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﺷﻮد ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار‬
characteristic value is to be taken as the most ‫ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻘﺪار‬.‫ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ در دوره زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﺮح اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
probable lowest value in a time period equal to the
design period. The basis for the choice of .‫ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬7 ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﺑﺨﺶ‬
characteristic value for different load categories is
given in clause 7.

7. DESIGN CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES ‫ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ و روﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬-7

7.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-7

The design of the installation is to be considered ‫در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر در ﻃﻮل دوران‬
for all loads expected during its service life. .‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
7.1.1 Load cases : ‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎي ﺑﺎر‬1-1-7

The following loads and their appropriate ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
combinations are to be considered in the design of :‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
the installation:

a) Functional loads. ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬

b) Environmental loads. ‫ب( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
c) Loads in combination. ‫ج( ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ‬
d) Construction and installation loads. ‫د( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬
e) Accidental loads. ‫ﻫ( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ‬
f) Deformation loads. ‫و( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬

7.1.2 Load factors ‫ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺑﺎر‬2-1-7

Working stress methods are acceptable. Where ‫روش ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل اﺳﺖ و در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
limit state or plastic design methods are employed ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ و ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪي ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺑﺎر‬

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the load factors will be specially considered. .‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎص ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
7.2 Functional Loads ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬2-7

7.2.1 Introduction ‫ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬1-2-7

The loads applied to the installation during its ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزه در دوره ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺑﺠﺰ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
service life, except the environmental loads, are .‫در ﺣﻴﻄﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
considered in this Clause.

7.2.2 Dead loads, (D) (D) ‫ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده‬2-2-7

7.2.2.1 Dead loads are the weights in air of the ‫ وزن اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده‬1-2-2-7
installation structures together with all ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
permanently installed utilities and facilities which
do not change with the mode of operation.
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده‬،‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
Examples of typical loads are: :‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬

a) The weight of the structure including where ،‫ ﻏﻼﻓﻬﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( وزن ﺳﺎزه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وزن ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬
necessary the weight of piles, pile sleeves, pile ‫ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ دوﻏﺎب و‬،‫ ﮔﺮوت‬، ‫ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬
guides, grout, grout lines and permanent
ballast.
.‫وزﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

b) The weight of equipment and machinery not

‫ب( وزن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦآﻻت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦآﻻت‬
associated with drilling or processes and ،‫ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻟﻨﮕﺮﮔﺎه ﺷﻨﺎورﻫﺎ‬:‫ﺣﻔﺎري ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
appurtenances (e.g. boat landings, barge ‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻏﻼف و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺟﺰاء‬،‫ ﻛﻴﺴﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬
bumpers, risers, caissons and J-tubes, etc.,)
which are permanently fixed to the installation. .‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و ﻫﻤﻴﺸﮕﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬

7.2.3 Imposed (Live) loads, (L) ( L ) ‫ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه‬3-2-7

7.2.3.1 Imposed loads are all those loads which ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﺑﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ‬1-3-2-7
the installation is expected to withstand during its ‫ﺣﻤﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ را در ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺧﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻏﻴﺮ از‬
service life, other than dead loads and
environmental loads.
.‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده و ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ذاﺗﺎً از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻮد ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬
These loads are inherently variable in their
magnitude and/or disposition. Typical imposed :‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻧﻮاع آن ﭼﻨﻴﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
loads are:

a) The weight of drilling, production and ‫ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ‬.‫ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي و ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪي‬،‫اﻟﻒ( وزن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺣﻔﺎري‬
process equipment. These loads are to be ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮدار و ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎ و اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻬﺎي ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه در‬
assessed by the operator, and any limits or
precautions recorded in the Operations Manual.
.‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﭽﻪ راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

b) The weight of all variable and consumable ،‫ اﻧﺒﺎر وﺳﺎﻳﻞ و ﮔﻞ‬،‫ب( وزن ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﻗﻼم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ و ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬
items, bulk storage, and mud, cement and ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس زﻳﺮ‬.‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت‬
liquids in storage tanks. These are to be
assessed as in sub-clause 7.2.3.1 (a), above.
.‫)اﻟﻒ( در ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬1-3-2-7 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬

c) The weight of liquid in piping. .‫ج( وزن ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت درون ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

d) The forces resulting from operations such as ‫ ﻧﻘﻞ‬،‫ ﺣﻔﺎري‬: ‫د( ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻧﻮاع ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
drilling, material handling and transfer of ‫و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻮاد و ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ و اﻧﺒﺎرﻛﺮدن ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻠﻬﺎ و‬
personnel and stores by the use of cranes or
other means.
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬

e) The forces resulting from vessels mooring ‫ﻫ( ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﭘﻬﻠﻮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﺸﺘﻴﻬﺎ و ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ و‬

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(i.e. berthing loads) and helicopters landing ‫ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ ﻫﻠﻴﻜﻮﭘﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬

and taking-off.

f) Live loads on areas such as living quarters, ،‫ ﮔﺬرﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬،‫ اﻗﺎﻣﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬:‫و( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه روي ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
walkways and access platforms. The following ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬
loadings are to be used for the local design of
deck plating and stiffeners and are to be not
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻋﺮﺷﻪ و ﺳﺨﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد و ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬
less than: :‫آن ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬

i) Cabin spaces, 3.25 kN/m2. ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬3/25 ‫( ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬i

ii) Spaces, (Walkways, general traffic areas, (‫ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي ﺗﺮدد و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ )ﮔﺬرﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬،‫( ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ‬ii
etc.), 4.5 kN/m2. ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬4/5
iii) Work areas, 9 kN/m2. ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬9 ،‫( ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي ﻛﺎر‬iii

iv) Storage areas, 13 kN/m2. ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬13 ،‫( ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﺎر‬iv

The blanket loadings to be used for the design of ‫ﺑﺎر ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزه اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻃﺮاح ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
primary structure are to be specified by the .‫ﺷﻮد‬
designer.

g) The weight of life support, diving and ‫ ﭘﺮش و ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي ﺟﻨﺒﻲ‬،‫ز( وزن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻧﺠﺎت‬
utilities equipment.

h) The weight of marine growth. ‫ح( وزن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ درﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬

7.2.3.2 On large complex offshore installations ‫ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬2-3-2-7
weight growth has been a problem. On this type ‫وزن ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﺎز ﻣﻲﺷﻮد در اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ روﺷﻬﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬
of installation the methods of weight control and
monitoring weight growth are to be included in
‫وزن و ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ وزن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻛﺘﺎﺑﭽﻪ راﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬
the Operations Manual. .‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬

7.2.4 Hydrostatic loads, (H) (H) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬4-2-7

Hydrostatic loads are the forces exerted on the ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺳﺎزه‬
members of the installation below the water line ‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ و ﻏﻮﻃﻪوري‬:‫در زﻳﺮ آب وارد ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
which include external pressure and buoyancy.
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

7.2.5 Deformation loads, (df) (df) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬5-2-7

The deformation loads are loads associated with ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬
imposed deformation, such as: : ‫وارده ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
- prestressing ‫ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬-
- temperature (including sea and air (‫ ﺣﺮارت )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دﻣﺎي درﻳﺎ و ﻫﻮا‬-
temperature)
- creep ‫ ﺧﺰش‬-
- shrinkage ‫ اﻓﺖ‬-
- absorption ‫ ﺟﺬب‬-
- differential settlements ‫ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻬﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬-
The characteristic value of a deformation load is ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬
normally evaluated on the basis of prescribed ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ‬
maximum and minimum values for the parameters

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governing its magnitude. .‫ﺑﺰرﮔﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

8. ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬-8

- Environmental loads due to wind, waves, ،‫ ﺑﺮف‬،‫ ﻳﺦ‬،‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ اﻣﻮاج‬،‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎد‬-
current, ice, snow, earthquake and similar .‫زﻟﺰﻟﻪ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
environmental actions.

- The characteristic value of an environmental ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮ اﺳــﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ‬-
load is normally to be established in ‫ ﺳﺎل‬100 ‫ دوره ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬.‫ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬2-6
accordance with clause 6.2. The design period
.‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
is generally to be taken equal to 100 years for
phase O.

- For the phases C, T, I and R the design period ‫ ﻧﺼﺐ و ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﺑﻲ دوره ﻃﺮح در‬،‫ ﺣﻤﻞ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬-
is to be considered in each case taking into ‫ ﻓﺼﻮل ﺳﺎل و ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از‬، ‫ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬
account location, seasons of the year and the
ً‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬.‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
consequences of the predicted values of the
environmental loads being exceeded. Normally ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮان از دوره ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺰرﮔﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻫﺮ‬
a design period equal three times the duration .‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬
of the phase may be used.

- Characteristic values of environmental loads ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻳﺎ‬-
to be considered for operations or phases of ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬
short duration may be based on reliable
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
weather predictions. In such cases, the
characteristic values of the environmental ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮوع‬
loads to be considered and the criteria for .‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
starting operation are subject to approval.

- The combination and severity of the ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت و ﺷﺪت ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬-
environmental loads used in design may be .‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻧﻲ وﻗﻮع آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
determined taking into account the probability
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻧﻴﺎز ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
of their simultaneous occurrence. Loads due to
earthquake normally need not be considered to .‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
act simultaneously with other environmental
loads.

8.1 Wind ‫ ﺑﺎد‬1-8

8.1.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-1-8

- The wind forces developed on an installation ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺑﺎد وارده ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت و اﻋﻀﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي آن‬-
and its structural members are to be ‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺑﺎد‬1 ‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
determined by part I of this Standard or on the
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﻧﺎوﺑﺮي ﺧﻠﻴﺞ‬.‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
basis of reliable wind tunnel tests. Also,
reference to the Persian Gulf Pilot published ‫ﻓﺎرس ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﺎدر و ﻛﺸﺘﻴﺮاﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان‬
by the Ports and Shipping Authority of Iran is .‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
recommended.

- A method for determining wind loads is .‫ آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬9 ‫ روش ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺎد در ﺑﺨﺶ‬-
given in clause 9.

- Blockage: : ‫ اﻧﺴﺪاد‬-
If several members are located close together ‫اﮔﺮ ﺗﻌﺪادي از اﻋﻀﺎي در ﻛﻨﺎر ﻫﻢ در ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻋﻤﻮد‬
in a plane normal to the wind direction, the ‫ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ اﺛﺮ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬

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solidification effect is to be taken into account. .‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬

- Shielding: :‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ اﻋﻀﺎ از ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬-
Shielding may be taken into account when a ‫در ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً در ﭘﺸﺖ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ‬
member or object lies closely enough behind ‫ﺟﺴﻢ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
another to have this effect. Procedures for ‫ روش ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري در اﻳﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬.‫ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد‬
determining the loading are to be acceptable to
the AR. .‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﻮد‬

8.1.2 Environmental factors to be considered in ‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎد ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬2-1-8
the wind load

Account is to be taken of the wind forces acting ‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺑﺎد ﺑﺮاي آن ﺑﺨﺶ از ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻻي آب ﻗﺮار‬
on that part of the installation which is above :‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
water and of the followings:

a) Consideration is to be given to gusts, which ‫اﻟﻒ( آن دﺳﺘﻪ از ﺗﻨﺪ ﺑﺎدﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي دوام ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮده و‬
are of brief duration, and sustained winds ‫ﺑﺎدﻫﺎي وارده در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺴﺎوي و ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
which act over intervals of time equal to or
greater than one minute.
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬،‫وارد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬،‫دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﺧﺎص اﻋﻀﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي‬
Specific categories of structural element and
wind speed averaging time intervals to be used ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ آن ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ در ﺟﺪول‬
for design are shown in Table 1. .‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬1
b) Wind speeds are to be specified relative to a ‫ب( ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
standard reference height, usually taken to be ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ازﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬10 ً‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮدﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬
10 m above sea level.
.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
c) The variation of wind speed with height is to ‫ج( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد اﮔﺮ‬
be specified. If this is not available for the ‫اﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات در دﺳﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان از راﺑﻄﻪ زﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
location of the installation, then the following
expression may be used:
:‫ﻛﺮد‬

1
 Z 7
U Z  U10  
 10 
Where: : ‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
UZ = wind speed at specified height. ‫= ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ UZ

U10 = wind speed at standard 10-mreference ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬10 ‫= ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد در ارﺗﻔﺎع اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ U10
height.
Z = specified height above sea level. ‫= ارﺗﻔﺎع ازﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ‬ Z

d) Due to the behavior of water roughness as a ‫د( ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻼﻃﻢ آب ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در‬
function of wind speed, the ratio of overwater ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد روي آب در ﺳﻄﺢ آب‬،‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد‬
winds at a fixed level to overland wind speeds
at a fixed level is not constant, but varies
‫)ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮاز ﺛﺎﺑﺖ( ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد روي ﺧﺸﻜﻲ در‬
nonlinearly as a function of wind speed. Figure ‫ﻫﻤﺎن ﺗﺮاز ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ از ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
1 provides guidance for the form of this .‫ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1 ‫ ﺷﻜﻞ‬.‫ﺑﺎد ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
variation. If possible, it is advisable to use
locally collected data to respecify the exact ‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺤﻠﻲ در ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي‬،‫در ﺻﻮرت اﻣﻜﺎن‬
form of Figure 1 for a particular project. .‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬1‫ﺧﺎص ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ دﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬

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‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎي ﺑﺎد‬

.‫ ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬10

Fig. 1- RATIO RL OF WIND SPEED OVER WATER UW TO WIND SPEED OVER LAND UL
AS A FUNCTION OF WIND SPEED OVER LAND UL (REF.:CEM-EM 1102-PART II)

UL ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد روي ﺧﺸﻜﻲ‬Uw ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد روي آب‬RL ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬-1 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
(Cem-em 1102-Part II ‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد روي ﺧﺸﻜﻲ )ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ‬

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TABLE 1 - STRUCTURAL PARTS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR WIND LOADING

.‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎد ﺑﺮاي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬-1‫ﺟﺪول‬

WINDSPEED AVERAGING
TIME-INTERVAL
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ STRUCTURAL CATEGORY ‫دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﺎزهاي‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬

3 SECOND GUST ‫ ﺳﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬-‫ﺗﻨﺪﺑﺎد‬ INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS AND EQUIPMENT SECURED TO THEM

‫اﻋﻀﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﺮد و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ آن‬

5 SECOND MEAN ‫ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬5 -‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ PART OR WHOLE OF A STRUCTURE WHOSE GREATEST

HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL DIMENSION DOES NOT EXCEED 50 m
.‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬50 ‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﺎزه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻗﺎﺋﻢ آن ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
15 SECOND MEAN ‫ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬15 -‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ PART OR WHOLE OF A STRUCTURE WHOSE GREATEST
HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL DIMENSION EXCEEDS 50 m
.‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬50 ‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﺎزه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻗﺎﺋﻢ آن ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
1 MINUTE MEAN ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬1 -‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
THE WHOLE TOPSIDE STRUCTURE REGARDLESS OF DIMENSION
FOR USE WITH THE MAXIMUM WAVE OR CURRENT LOADING
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮج و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬،‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ از اﺑﻌﺎد‬

8.2 Wave and Current ‫ ﻣﻮج و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬2-8

8.2.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-2-8

8.2.1.1 The forces produced by the action of ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻛﻨﺶ اﻣﻮاج روي ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت‬1-1-2-8
waves on the installation are to be taken into .‫در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهاي ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
account in the structural design.

8.2.1.2 Where current acts simultaneously with ‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺎ اﻣﻮاج ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن‬2-1-2-8
waves the effect of the current is to be included. ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
The current velocity is to be added vectorally to
the wave particle velocity. The resultant velocity
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺮداري ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮج اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺮآﻳﻨﺪ‬
is to be used to calculate the total force. .‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻴﺮو ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬

8.2.1.3 Wave theories used for the calculation of ‫ ﺗﺌﻮرﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﻮج ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺎت ذرات آب‬3-1-2-8
water particle motions are to be acceptable to the .‫ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
AR.
.‫ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬2 ‫ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺗﺌﻮرﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮج در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
Range of suitability that may be taken for various
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺌﻮرﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﻮج ﺑﻪ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
wave theories are shown in Fig. 2. For more
information on wave theories reference is made (CEM) EM 1102-2-1100 (Part II) ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
to: Coastal Engineering Manual (CEM) EM ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻧﻴﺮوي زﻣﻴﻨﻲ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ و ﺗﺌﻮري ﺷﻠﺰﻳﻨﮕﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬
1102-2-1100(Part II) by U.S. Army; and the
Schlesinger Theory. .‫ﺷﻮد‬

8.2.1.4 Account is to be taken of the increase of ‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﻧﺪازه و زﺑﺮي اﻋﻀﺎي ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ‬4-1-2-8
overall size and roughness of submerged members ‫رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن درﻳﺎﻳﻲ روي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ‬
due to marine growth when calculating loads due
to wave and current.
.‫ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﻮج و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬

8.2.1.5 The following methods may be used for ‫ روﺷﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر ﻣﻮرد‬5-1-2-8
load estimation: :‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬

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a) Morison’s equation , see Clause 10 , may be ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻮج روي اﻋﻀــﺎي ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد‬
used to determine wave and current loading on ‫ ﻣـــﻲﺗﻮان از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻣـــﻮرﻳﺴﻦ‬،‫ ﻃــﻮل ﻣﻮج‬0/2 ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
structural members with dimensions less than
0,2 of the wave length.
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬10 ‫)ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬

b) Overall loading on an offshore structure is ‫ب( ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻛﻠﻲ روي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ از ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬
determined from the summation of loads on .‫ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از ﺗﻚ اﻋﻀﺎ در ﻳﻚ زﻣﺎن ﺧﺎص ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
individual members at a particular time. The
proper values of CD and Cm for individual
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻚ ﺗﻚ اﻋﻀﺎي ﻣﻮرد‬Cm ‫ و‬CD ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
members to use with Morison’s equation will ،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻣﻮرﻳﺴﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ دارد‬
depend on a number of variables for example, ‫ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ ﻋﺪد ﻛﻠﻮﮔﺎن‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﺪد رﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪز‬
Reynolds Number, Keulegan Carpenter
Number, inclination of the member to local ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ زﺑﺮي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن درﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬
flow and effective roughness of marine growth. .‫ﺑﺮ آن‬
Therefore fixed values for all conditions cannot .‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮان ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﺎﻻت اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
be given. Typical values for circular cylindrical
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻴﻦ‬Cm ‫ و‬CD ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺗﻴﭗ‬
members will range from 0,6 to 1,4 for CD and
1,3, to 2,0 for Cm. The values selected are not ‫( ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬Cm ‫ )ﺑﺮاي‬2 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1/3 ‫( و ﺑﻴﻦ‬CD ‫ )ﺑﺮاي‬1/4 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0/6
to be smaller than the lower limits of these ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ازﺣﺪود ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ داده‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
ranges.
.‫ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺎﻻ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
For inclined members the drag forces in
Morison’s equation are to be calculated using ‫ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﻣﺎﻳﻞ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ )ﭘﺴﺎ( در‬
the normal component of the resultant velocity ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﻣﻮرﻳﺴﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻋﻤﻮدي ﺑﺮدار ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
vector.
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
c) General values of hydrodynamic coefficients ‫ج( ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﻴﺪرودﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
may be used in the Morison equation for the ‫ﻣﻮرﻳﺴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻛﻠﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از‬
calculation of overall loading on the structure,
namely:
:‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬

i) For circular cylinders covered by hard ‫( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن درﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬i
marine growth CD is to be not less than 0,7. .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0/7 ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬CD ‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬
ii) For circular cylinders not covered by hard ‫( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺪون ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن درﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬ii
marine growth CD is to be not less than 0,6. .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0/6 ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬CD ‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬
iii) For circular cylinders Cm is to be not less .‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1/7 ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬Cm ‫( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي‬iii
than 1.7.

d) The lowest values of CD and Cm shown in (‫ )ج‬5-1-2-8 ‫ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻨﺪ‬Cm ‫ و‬CD ‫د( ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬
8.2.1.5(c) may only be used for calculating the ‫ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻛﻠﻲ در‬
overall loading for the extreme design wave,
see Clause 8.2.2 when the calculations include
‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ‬،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮج ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
the assumptions that: ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬2-2-8 ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
:‫ﺷﻮد‬
i) The design wave is long crested. .‫( ﻣﻮج ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺎج ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬i

ii) The motions are calculated by normal .‫( ﺣﺮﻛﺎت ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺌﻮرﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﻮج ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ii
wave theories.

iii) No shielding effects on the structure are ‫ ﺑﻪ‬.‫( ﺳﺎزه ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﺛﺮات ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬iii
included. see Sub-clause 8.2.1.11. .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬11-1-2-8 ‫زﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ‬

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iv) The particle velocities due to extreme ‫( ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ذرات ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻮج و‬iv
independent values of wave and current are ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد( ﻣﮕﺮ‬3-11 ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
combined, see Clause 11.3, unless otherwise
agreed.
.‫آﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

If joint probability predictions of wave and current ‫اﮔﺮ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻮج و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن در ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
are included in the design procedure or if the ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ اﮔﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻛﺎري‬
conservatism is reduced in any part, consideration
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮي ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد در اﻳﻨﺼﻮرت ﻻزم اﺳﺖ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬
is to be given to increasing the drag coefficient
associated with hard marine growth. Where local ‫ﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ )ﭘﺴﺎ( ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن درﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬
loading governs, e.g. vertical loading on ‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ اﺳﺖ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎر‬.‫ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد‬
conductor frames, the force coefficients are to be
specially considered. .‫ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻧﻴﺮو ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺧﺎص ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،(‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﻫﺎدي‬

e) The lowest values of CD shown in 8.2.1.5 (c) (‫ )ج‬5-1-2-8 ‫ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ‬CD ‫ﻫ( ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬
may be used for calculating fatigue loading but ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
unless otherwise approved Cm is to be
increased to 2.
.‫ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺖ ﺷﻮد‬2 ‫ ﺑﻪ‬Cm ‫ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬

8.2.1.6 Diffraction theory is to be used to ‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬6-1-2-8
determine wave loads where the member is large ‫ ﻃﻮل‬0/2 ‫ﺣﻮزه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن را ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ دﻫﺪ ) ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﺑﻌﺎدش ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬
enough to modify the flow field (i.e. dimensions
greater than 0,2 of the wave length).
‫ﻣﻮج ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﻣﻲﺗﻮان از ﺗﺌﻮري اﻧﻜﺴﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮج‬
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬
8.2.1.7 Changes in wave load, phase and direction ‫ ﻓﺎز و ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻮج ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬،‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺑﺎر ﻣﻮج‬7-1-2-8
due to interference of closely spaced columns are .‫ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد‬
to be taken into account.

8.2.1.8 Any increase of loading due to wave ‫ ﻫﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻮج ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺰش آن‬8-1-2-8
making resistance or "run up" which may occur on ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬،‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در اﻋﻀﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻴﺰ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ آﻳﺪ‬
surface piercing members is to be assessed.
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
8.2.1.9 Account is to be taken of the increase of ‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺑﺎر روي اﻋﻀﺎي داراي ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎت ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬9-1-2-8
loading on members due to attachments such as ‫آﻧﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﺪا ﺷﻮﻧﺪه و ﻫﺎدﻳﻬﺎي ﺷﻤﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
sacrificial anodes and pile guides.
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
8.2.1.10 If several members are closely located in ‫ اﮔﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮ روي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻋﻤﻮد‬10-1-2-8
a plane normal to the wave direction the ‫ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻮج ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ در‬
solidification effect is to be taken into account.
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
8.2.1.11 Shielding may be taken into account ‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ در ﭘﺸﺖ ﻋﻀﻮ دﻳﮕﺮ‬11-1-2-8
when a member or object lies closely enough ‫ در ﻣﻮارد‬.‫ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد اﺛﺮ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد‬
behind another to have this effect. Where
shielding is taken into account CD and Cm values
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬Cm ‫ و‬CD ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬
appropriate to local conditions are to be used. .‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد روﻳﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
Procedures for determining the loading are to be
acceptable to the AR.

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8.2.2 Environmental factors to be considered ‫ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮج و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬2-2-8
for the wave and current loads ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻮرد اﻣﻮاج ﻛﻪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬
The information to be submitted relating to waves ‫ دوره ﻫﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﻲ و در ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺟﻬﺘﻬﺎ را در‬،‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻫﺎ‬
used in the design is to include heights, periods
.‫ﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮد‬
and where available, directions.
: ‫ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
The following factors should also be taken into
account:

a) Design wave ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻮج ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬

The extreme wave with return period specified ‫ﻣﻮج ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎ دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
for design will normally give rise to the ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ‬
maximum loads on the installation as a whole
‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺗﺎج ﻣﻮج‬.‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت را در ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ‬
and on most of its principal elements. The
maximum crest elevation of this wave will be ‫ ﺑﺎ‬.‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع آزاد ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
required to calculate the clearance height of the ‫اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺑﺮود ﻛﻪ اﻧﻮاع دﻳﮕﺮي از اﻣﻮاج‬
superstructure. However consideration is to be
given to other waves if these are likely to give ‫ اﺛﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎر وارده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
rise to maximum loads. .‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
b) Wave encounters ‫ب( ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد اﻣﻮاج‬
An estimate is to be made of the probable wave ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮﺧﻮردﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻣﻮاج ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت در‬
encounters that the installation is likely to ‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬،‫ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ آن ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
experience during its service life in order to
.‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ روي اﻋﻀﺎي ﺳﺎزه ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬
assess fatigue effects on its structural elements.

c) Wave energy spectra ‫ج( ﻃﻴﻔﻬﺎي اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮج‬

Alternative methods of carrying out maximum ‫روﺷﻬﺎي ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎر و ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
loads and fatigue analyses may be based on the .‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻃﻴﻔﻬﺎي اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮج ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
use of wave energy spectra. Theoretical wave
.‫ﻃﻴﻔﻬﺎي ﻣﻮج ﺗﺌﻮرﻳﻚ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
spectra may be used for design purposes. The
Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum is normally used ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮﻳﭻ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺳﻲ و‬-‫ﻃﻴﻒ ﭘﻴﺮﺳﻮن‬
for oceanic locations and fully developed seas. ‫ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺟﺎﻧﺴﺎپ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮاي‬.‫درﻳﺎﻫﺎي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬
The Jonswap spectrum is normally used for
fetch limited growing seas and without swell. ‫ ﻃﻴﻔﻬﺎي‬.‫درﻳﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺪود و ﺑﺪون ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬
Proposed use of wave spectra is to be agreed .‫ﻣﻮج ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
with the AR.

d) Shallow water ‫د( آﺑﻬﺎي ﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﻖ‬

In intermediate and shallow water, the effect ‫ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع و دوره ﻫﺎي‬،‫در آﺑﻬﺎي ﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﻖ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
on wave heights and periods, of the water ‫ ﻋﻤﻖ آب و ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ ﻛﻒ درﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻮج‬
depth and of refraction due to seabed
.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
topography, is to be taken into account.

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‫ﺗﺌﻮري اﺳﺘﻮك )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ‪(4‬‬

‫ﺗﺌﻮري اﺳﺘﻮك )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ‪(3‬‬

‫ﺣﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺌﻮري اﺳﺘﻮك )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ‪(2‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬

‫ﺗﺌﻮري ﺧﻄﻲ‬

‫اﻣﻮاج اﻋﻤﺎق ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬

‫اﻣﻮاج آﺑﻬﺎي ﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫اﻣﻮاج آﺑﻬﺎي ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬

‫‪Fig. 2- RANGE OF SUITABILITY FOR VARIOUS WAVE THEORIES‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -2‬داﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺌﻮرﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻣﻮاج‬

‫)‪8.3 Impulsive Loads, (I‬‬ ‫‪ 3-8‬ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ اي‬

‫‪8.3.1 Consideration is to be given to the effect of‬‬ ‫‪ 1-3-8‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻻزم در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻮج روي‬
‫‪wave impact on the static, dynamic and fatigue‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ‪ ،‬دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ و ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي در‬
‫‪loading of structural members in the splash zone.‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬
‫‪8.3.2 Slamming affects local loading only and‬‬ ‫‪ 2-3-8‬ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ اي ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ دارﻧﺪ‬
‫‪does not usually increase the overall loading‬‬ ‫و ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪاي را در ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻲ‬
‫‪significantly.‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﻤﻲآورﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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8.3.3 The slamming force per unit length, Fs, on a ‫ ( روي ﻳﻚ ﻋﻀﻮ )ﻳﺎ‬Fs ) ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ در واﺣﺪ ﻃﻮل‬3-3-8
member (or part of a member) may be determined : ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از آن( را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
from the expression:

FS  ( )(U ) 2 C S D
2
Where: : ‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
ρ is water density ‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ آب‬ρ
CS is slamming coefficient ‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬CS
D is member local effective diameter
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻋﻀﻮ‬D
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻤﻮدي آب ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ‬U
U is velocity of the water normal to the
surface.

A typical value for CS is 3.5. AR may give ‫ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬3/5 ،Cs ‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﺮاي‬
consideration to other rational methods for the ‫روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﺪل را ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻮج ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد‬
calculation of slam loads.
.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
8.3.4 If the axis of the member is parallel to the ‫ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻮج‬،‫ اﮔﺮ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮازي ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎج ﻣﻮج ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬4-3-8
wave crest, wave slam can give rise to a dynamic ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ واﻛﻨﺶ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬
response from the high loading momentarily
incurred. Account is to be taken of any dynamic
.‫ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎوب وارده ﺷﻮد‬
effects.

8.3.5 Loads on members due to the change in ‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده ﺑﻪ اﻋﻀﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوي‬5-3-8
buoyancy which occurs with the passing of a ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬.‫ﻏﻮﻃﻪوري ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺒﻮر ﻣﻮج ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
wave are also to be considered. Provision of free
flooding is not to be automatically considered to
.‫ﺷﻨﺎوري آزاد ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﻮدﺑﻪﺧﻮد ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
alleviate this effect.

8.4 Vortex Shedding, (Vx) (Vx)،‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺮداﺑﻲ‬4-8

8.4.1 Consideration is to be given to the possibility ‫ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬1-4-8
of oscillating forces produced by the shedding of .‫اﻣﻮاج و ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
vertices in wind, wave and current flow.

8.5 Snow and Ice ‫ ﺑﺮف و ﻳﺦ‬5-8

8.5.1 The increased loading caused by the ‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺑﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف و ﻳﺦ روي‬1-5-8
accumulation of snow and ice on the topside .‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
structure is to be taken into account.

8.5.2 Values for the thickness, density and ‫ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص و ارﺗﻔﺎع‬،‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬2-5-8
variation with height of accumulated snow and ice ‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف و ﻳﺦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از دادهﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻗﺒﻮل‬
are to be derived from meteorological data
acceptable to the AR.
.‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﻮد‬

8.5.3 The overall distribution of snow and/or ice ،‫ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺮف و ﻳﺎ ﻳﺦ روي ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺎزه‬3-5-8
on topside structure is to be taken as a thickness t ‫ روي ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ و ﺳﻄﻮح رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎد ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ‬t ‫ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
on the upper and windward faces of the module or
member under consideration, where t is the basic
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ‬t ‫ﻣﺪول ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در آن‬
thickness obtained from the meteorological data. ‫ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻳﺦ روي اﻋﻀﺎي‬.‫اﺳﺎس دادهﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The distribution of ice on individual members .‫ ﻓﺮض ﺷﻮد‬3 ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮد ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
may be assumed to be as shown in Fig. 3.

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 Jan. 2009 / 1387 ‫دي‬ IPS-E-CE-500(1)

Fig. 3- ASSUMED DISTRIBUTION OF ICE ON INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS FOR

CALCULATION PURPOSE
‫ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻳﺦ روي اﻋﻀﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﺮد ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت‬-3 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

8.5.4 It may be assumed that there is no increase ‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻓﺮض ﻛﺮد ﻫﻴﭻ اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ در ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬4-5-8
of drag coefficient in the presence of ice. .‫)ﭘﺴﺎ( در اﺛﺮ ﻳﺦ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﻤﻲآﻳﺪ‬
8.5.5 For the appropriate combinations of snow ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮف و ﻳﺎ ﻳﺦ و‬5-5-8
and/or ice accumulations and wind speeds see .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬3-11 ‫ و‬2-11 ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎي ﺑﺎد ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي‬
Clauses 11.2. and 11.3.

8.6 Earthquake Loads ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬6-8

8.6.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-6-8

The effects of earthquakes are to be considered in ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻟﺮزه ﺧﻴﺰ ﻗﺮار‬
phase O for structures to be located in seismically ‫ در ﻣﻮارد‬.‫دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
active areas. In special cases earthquake effects
‫ﺧﺎص ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات زﻟﺰﻟﻪ درﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
may need to be considered in phase C.
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
Two level of earthquake activity are normally to
be considered in phase O, i.e. the design level and ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً دو ﺳﻄﺢ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻟﺮزهاي در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
the exceptional level. .‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻃﺮح و ﺳﻄﺢ وﻳﮋه‬:‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
a) The design (strength/operating) level, ‫ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ از‬،‫ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري( ﻃﺮح‬/ ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﻄﺢ )ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
corresponding to the design earthquake which ‫زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻃﺮح ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞﺗﺮﻳﻦ و ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ در ﻣﺤﻞ در‬
is defined as the most probable severest
earthquake expected to occur at the site during ‫ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻃﺮح ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري‬.‫دوره ﻃﺮح ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
the design period. The design earthquake is to .‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان "ﺣﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ" ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
be considered in the loading condition
"extreme".
b) The exceptional (ductility/safety) level, ‫ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ از‬،(‫ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬/‫ب( ﺳﻄﺢ وﻳﮋه )ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي‬
corresponding to the maximum credible ‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر در ﻣﺤﻞ‬
earthquake which could be expected to occur
at the site. The maximum credible earthquake ‫ ﺑﻪ‬،‫زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
is considered as an accidental load, see clause .‫ رﺟﻮع ﺷﻮد‬13 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
13.

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Guidance: The intent of the exceptional level is ‫ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎزه‬،‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﺳﻄﺢ وﻳﮋه‬:‫راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬
to ensure that the structure has sufficient energy ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺟﺬب اﻧﺮژي در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮوﻧﺪه‬
absorbing capacity against reaching a progressive
collapse limit state during rare intense earthquake
.‫وﻳﺮاﻧﻲ را در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم وﻗﻮع ﺣﺮﻛﺎت ﻧﺎدر و ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﺮزهاي دارد‬
motions. Normally, the maximum credible ‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ از دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ زﻣﻴﻦ در‬،ً‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬
earthquake is not taken less than twice the ground .‫زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻃﺮح در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‬
motion of the design earthquake.

8.6.2 Ground motion ‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺎت زﻣﻴﻦ‬2-6-8

The ground motions used as basis for design shall ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎت زﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ اﺳﺎس ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻘﺪر ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬
adequately represent the expected conditions at ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻮرد ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ و اﻧﺮژي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺷﺪه در ﺣﺎﻻت‬
the site, both in terms of frequency content and
.‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
energy distribution.
The effects of local soil conditions in amplifying ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺣﺎﻻت ﺧﺎك ﻣﺤﻞ در ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺎت زﻣﻴﻦ و‬
or attenuating the ground motion and in altering
‫در ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮان ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
the frequency content are to be studied in order to
determine appropriate horizontal and vertical .‫اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺮﻛﺎت زﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
characteristic values of the ground motion.

The ground motion may be described either in ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎت زﻣﻴﻦ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﭽﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
terms of time histories or in terms of response .‫ﻃﻴﻔﻬﺎي ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﺮد‬
spectra.
Standard spectra generally recognized as being ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻃﻴﻔﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻬﻨﻪ و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
valid for the region and the site conditions ‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺣﺮﻛﺎت زﻣﻴﻦ‬،‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ داده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
considered, may be considered when describing
the ground motion. .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The ground motion is normally to consist of three ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎت زﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً از ﺳﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
components (see 8.6.4) which are to be applied ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن در دو اﻣﺘﺪاد اﻓﻘﻲ و‬4-6-8
simultaneously, i.e. in the two horizontal
directions and in the vertical direction. .‫ﻳﻚ اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻗﺎﺋﻢ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬5-6-8 ‫درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ از روش ﻃﻴﻒ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
When the response spectra method (see 8.6.5) is
used the minimum values of ground acceleration ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺷﺘﺎب زﻣﻴﻦ در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ راﺳﺘﺎ‬
in the three directions are; ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ؛‬
- 100% in the horizontal direction (i.e. the ‫ درﺻﺪ راﺳﺘﺎي اﻓﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزه‬100 -
principal axis) considered most unfavorable to
(‫دارد )ﻣﺤﻮر اﺻﻠﻲ‬
the structure.
- 70% in the orthogonal horizontal direction. ‫ درﺻﺪ راﺳﺘﺎي ﻣﺤﻮر ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻓﻘﻲ‬70 -
- 50% in the vertical direction. ‫ درﺻﺪ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬50 -
Where deemed necessary, appropriate higher ‫در ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم ﺑﺎﻳﺪ درﺻﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
percentages are to be used. .‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
The ground motion components to be used in time ‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺮﻛﺎت زﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﭽﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر‬
history analysis are to be derived using recognized .‫ﻣﻲرود ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از روشﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
procedures.
The statistics and procedures used, and the ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻣﺎر و دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬
investigations made for establishing the
characteristic of the ground motion to be used as
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺮﻛﺎت زﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺻﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
basis for design are subject to acceptance. .‫ ﻣﻨﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬
The characteristic values of the ground motion are .‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺎت زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
subject to approval.

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8.6.3 Other effects ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬3-6-8

The effects of tsunamis are to be considered for ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺗﺴﻮﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي واﻗﻊ در آﺑﻬﺎي ﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
structures located in shallow water. The effects of ‫ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻣﻮاج ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺻﻮت ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬.‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد‬
earthquake generated acoustic shock waves are to
‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ در ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
be considered where such effects will result in
additional loads, e.g. sub-sea compartments that ً‫ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺜﺎل ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي اﻃﺎﻗﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ درﻳﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬،‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
are not fully flooded. .‫ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
8.6.4 Structure analytical model ‫ ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﺎزه‬4-6-8
The analytical models used for determination of ‫ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
earthquake response should represent the ‫ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺮاي‬-‫ﺧﺎك‬-‫ﺷﻜﻞ واﻗﻊﮔﺮاﻳﺎﻧﻪاي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ آب‬
structure-soil-water system in a realistic manner as
.‫ ﺟﺮم و اﺳﺘﻬﻼك ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬
regards distribution of stiffness, mass and
damping.
Assumptions made as regards nonlinear behavior ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان رﻓﺘﺎر ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ درﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
are to be carefully examined with respect to ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮاص ﻣﻮاد و ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺳﺎزهاي ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ آزﻣﻮده‬
material properties and structural detailing.
.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Normally, the dynamic characteristics of the ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺳﺎزه و ﻓﻮﻧﺪاﺳﻴﻮن آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
structure and its foundation should be determined ‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل‬.‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
using a three dimensional analytical model. A two
dimensional model may be used provided the
‫دو ﺑﻌﺪي ﻣﺸﺮوط ﺑﻪ آﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﭘﻴﭽﺸﻲ و واﻛﻨﺶ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي‬
torsional response and the response of ‫ﻼ در‬
ً ‫ﻃﺮهاي )ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﺮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي روي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺛﻘﻠﻲ( ﻛﺎﻣ‬
cantilevered structures, e.g. decks on gravity .‫ ﻣﺠﺎزاﺳﺖ‬،‫ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
structures, are properly accounted for.
Parameter studies are to be carried out where ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﻻزم‬
deemed necessary for proper determination of
loading effects. The use of partitioned damping is ،‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺪاﮔﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺮاﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
recommended for parts of the structure-soil-water ‫ ﺳﺎزه ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ‬-‫ ﺧﺎك‬-‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ از ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ آب‬
system having relatively large damping compared
.‫داراي ﺗﻮان ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺑﺎﻻ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
to the damping in the structure, e.g. the material
and radiation damping in the soil. .‫ ﻣﻴﺮاﻳﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﺗﺎﺑﺶ در ﺧﺎك‬: ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل‬

8.6.5 Methods of analysis ‫ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬5-6-8

The response analysis may be accomplished using ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ درﻫﺮ روش ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬
any recognized method applicable for offshore ‫ روﺷﻬﺎي ﻃﻴﻒ‬:‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل‬.‫در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
structures e.g. response spectrum methods or time
.‫ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﭽﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬
history methods.
‫درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ازروش ﻃﻴﻒ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه و ﻳﻚ ﻃﻴﻒ‬
When the response spectrum method is used and
one design spectrum is applied equally in both ‫ﻃﺮح ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ دو راﺳﺘﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد روش ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
horizontal directions, the complete quadratic ‫( ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب و‬CQC) ‫ﻣﺠﺬورﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
combination (CQC) method may be used for
combining modal responses and the square root of ‫( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﺗﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﺟﻬﺖدار‬SRSS) ‫روش ﻣﺠﺬور ﺟﻤﻊ رﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎ‬
the sum of the squares (SRSS) may be used for .‫ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
combining the directional responses.

When the response is carried into the inelastic ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻏﻴﺮاﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻗﺮار دارد روﺷﻬﺎي‬
range, time history methods are normally to be .‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﭽﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
used. Static equivalent methods are not to be used
‫روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬
as the basis for design of structures for which
sufficiently accurate dynamic analyses can be ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ دﻗﻴﻖ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ را دارﻧﺪ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬

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carried out. .‫ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد‬

‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬:‫راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬
Guidance: For structures for which a meaningful
dynamic analysis can not be carried out for the ‫ اﮔﺮ ﺑﺘﻮان‬،‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬
maximum credible earthquake, acceptable safety ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﻮد ﺳﺎزه در آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه و‬
against progressive collapse may normally be
assumed if it can be verified that the structure ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي ﺟﺎري ﺷﺪن آن ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي‬
remains stable when subjected to a quasistatic ‫ در اﻳﻨﺼﻮرت ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻓﺮض ﻧﻤﻮد‬،‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻃﺮح ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
loading that yields deformations approximately
‫ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ از ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
twice those of the design earthquake.
.‫ﻓﺮوﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ‬
8.6.6 Equipment response ‫ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬6-6-8

The purpose of equipment response analysis is to ‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد‬،‫ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
determine the loads to be used in the design of the ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه ﺳﺎزهاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬
equipment support structures and the fastening
.‫اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
arrangements, and in the checking of the safety of
equipment.
The dynamic response of equipment and ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
equipment supports is to be analyzed using .‫از دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ و روﺷﻬﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
recognized procedures and methods. The vertical
and horizontal support accelerations should be ‫ﺷﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎي اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
combined in a rational manner so as to arrive at .‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫واﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري را ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬
realistic loading effects.

9. GUIDANCE NOTES ON THE ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮات راﻫﻨﻤﺎ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺑﺎد و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬-9

CALCULATION OF WIND AND
CURRENT FORCES

9.1 Wind Force Calculation ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎد‬1-9

9.1.1 The wind force on a structural member or ‫ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎد وارد ﺑﺮ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺳﺎزهاي و ﺳﻄﻮح آن ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬1-1-9
surface may be calculated according to: :‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس راﺑﻄﻪ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

FW  ( )(V ) 2 C F A
2
Where: : ‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
FW = the wind force. ‫= ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎد‬ FW

CF = the force coefficient, see 9.1.2 and 9.1.3. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬3-1-9 ‫ و‬2-1-9 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬،‫= ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻴﺮو‬ CF
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫= ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻮا ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ρ
ρ = the air mass density; to be taken as 1.226
kg/m3 for dry air. .‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬1/226 ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
V = the wind velocity, see 8.1.2. .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬8-1-2 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬،‫= ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد‬ V

A = the projected area of the exposed surfaces of ‫= ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺷﺪه ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن اﻋﻀﺎي ﻃﺮح‬ A
the member.

9.1.2 In the absence of data indicating otherwise ‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان از ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ‬،‫ در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﺒﻮد اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬2-1-9
the force coefficients tabulated in Table 2 may be :‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬2 ‫ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﺟﺪول‬
used:

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TABLE 2 - WIND FORCE COEFFICIENTS

‫ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﺎد‬-2 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

Form ‫ﻧـﻮع‬
CF

SPHERICAL ‫ﻛﺮوي‬ 0.4

1.0
LARGE FLAT SURFACES (MODULES, SMOOTH UNDERSIDES OF
MODULES OR DECKS) (‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺻﺎف ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺨﺖ )ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎ‬

DRILLING DERRICKS ‫دﻛﻠﻬﺎي ﺣﻔﺎري‬ 1.25

WIRES ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‬ 1.2

EXPOSED BEAMS AND GIRDERS UNDER MODULES OR DECKS 1.3

‫ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﻫﺘﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن زﻳﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

SMALL PARTS ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬ 1.4

ISOLATED SHAPES (CRANES, BEAMS, ETC.,) ( ‫ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫اﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﺠﺰا )ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ 1.5
CLUSTERED MODULES OR SIMILAR STRUCTURES ‫اﺟﺰا ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ 1.1

9.1.3 The force coefficient, CF for circular ‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻋﺪد‬CF ،‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻴﺮو‬3-1-9
cylinders as a function of Reynold’s Number is ‫ ﻋﺪد رﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪز ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ‬.‫ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬4 ‫رﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪز در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
given in Fig. 4. Reynold’s Number Re is defined
as:
:‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

DV
Re =
v
Where: : ‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
D = diameter of member. ‫= ﻗﻄﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ D

V = wind speed. ‫= ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد‬ V

‫ در ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻮاي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و‬،‫= ﮔﺮاﻧﺮوي ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﻫﻮا‬ υ
υ = Kinematic viscosity of air , may be taken
as 1.46 × 10-5 m2/sec. at 15°C and ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬1/46 × 10-5 ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬15 ‫دﻣﺎي‬
standard atmospheric pressure. .‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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Fig. 4- FORCE COEFFICIENT VERSUS REYNOLD’S NUMBER FOR SMOOTH CYLINDERS IN

STEADY UNIFORM FLOW
‫ ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻴﺮو در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﺪد رﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪز ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪر اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﺻﺎف در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬-4 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

10. GUIDANCE NOTES ON THE ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮات راﻫﻨﻤﺎ درﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﻮج و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬-10
CALCULATION OF THE WAVE AND
CURRENT FORCES

10.1 Drag and Inertia Loading ‫ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ )ﭘﺴﺎ( و ﻟﺨﺘﻲ‬1-10

‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي روي اﻋﻀﺎ در ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ )ﭘﺴﺎ( ﻳﺎ ﻟﺨﺘﻲ‬
The forces on members in the drag/inertia loading
regime due to wave and current motions can be ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻣﻮج و ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﺎ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ زﻳﺮ‬
calculated by the equation: : ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
Fwv = CD ½ ρ A U |U| + Cm ρ Vu

Where: : ‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬

Fwv = force per unit length of member. ‫ = ﻧﻴﺮو ﺑﺮ واﺣﺪ ﻃﻮل ﻋﻀﻮ‬Fwv

CD = drag coefficient. (‫ = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ)ﭘﺴﺎ‬CD

ρ = density of water. ‫ = ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ آب‬ρ

A = projected area of member per unit length. ‫ = ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺷﺪه ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺮ واﺣﺪ ﻃﻮل‬A

U = component of the water particle velocity at ‫ = ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ آب روي ﻣﺤﻮر ﻋﻀﻮ و ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺮ آن )اﮔﺮ‬U
the axis of the member and normal to it
(calculated as if the member were not there). .(‫ﻋﻀﻮي آﻧﺠﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

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|U| = absolute value of u. u ‫| = ﻗﺪر ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬U|

Cm = inertia coefficient. ‫ = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻟﺨﺘﻲ‬Cm

V = volume of member per unit length. ‫ = ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻀﻮ در واﺣﺪ ﻃﻮل‬V

u = component of the water particle acceleration ‫ = ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺷﺘﺎب آب روي ﻣﺤﻮر ﻋﻀﻮ و ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺮ آن‬u
at the axis of the member and normal to it
(calculated as if the member was not there). (‫)اﮔﺮ ﻋﻀﻮي آﻧﺠﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

11. LOADS IN COMBINATION ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ‬-11

11.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-11

11.1.1 The design of the installation is to be

investigated for all possible combinations of loads ‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬1-1-11
which will produce the most severe effects on the .‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات روي ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
structure.
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ دو ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري و ﺣﺪ‬2-1-11
11.1.2 The load combinations to be considered in
both the operating and extreme storm conditions ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬3-11 ‫ و‬2-11 ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
are described in 11.2 and 11.3. .‫ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
11.1.3 In seismically active areas earthquake ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻟﺰﻟﻪ در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬،‫ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻟﺮزهﺧﻴﺰ‬3-1-11
loads in combination with other loads, as ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬،‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ داده ﺷﺪه‬4-11 ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
described in 11.4 are to be considered. For this
load combination, environmental loads such as ‫ ﻧﻴﺎزي ﺑﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎر‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
wave, wind and current need not be considered. .‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻣﻮاج و ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

11.1.4 The magnitude and distribution of the ‫ ﻣﻘﺪار و ﻧﺤﻮه ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده ﺑﺮاي‬4-1-11
minimum imposed loads, for load combinations ،(‫ )اﻟﻒ‬5-3-11 ، (‫ )اﻟﻒ‬4-2-11 ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒــﺎت ﻛﻪ درﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
described in 11.2.4(a), 11.3.5(a) and 11.4.3 are to
be such that they maximize design loadings in the ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬3-4-11
members. .‫در اﻋﻀﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
11.1.5 The magnitude and distribution of the ‫ ﻣﻘﺪار و ﻧﺤﻮه ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده ﺑﺮاي‬5-1-11
minimum imposed loads, for load combinations
described in 11.2.4(b), 11.3.5(b) and 11.4.4, are
‫ )ب( و‬5-3-11 ، (‫ )ب‬4-2-11 ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
also to be considered in a manner which ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬4-4-11
maximizes design loadings in members. This case ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻮﻳﮋه در ﻣﻮرد‬.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ در اﻋﻀﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
is particularly important in determining the
maximum tension loads in the piles. .‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﺶ در ﺷﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﺳﺖ‬

11.2 Operating Conditions ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري‬2-11

11.2.1 Those parts of the structure subject to wave ‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ از اﻋﻀﺎ ﺳﺎزه ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري اﻣﻮاج‬1-2-11
loading are to be designed for an environmental ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻜﺮر در ﻣﺪت ﻋﻤﺮ‬
condition which occurs frequently during the
service life of the installation, but is not severe
‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺣﺎدث ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازهاي ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
enough to limit its normal operation. .‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ را ﻣﺤﺪود ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬

11.2.2 The operator is to specify the wave, wind ‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎ و ﺑﺎد را ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﺮده و‬،‫ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮدار ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻣﻮاج‬2-2-11
and current to be used and these criteria are to be ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب‬.‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬
submitted for approval. A still water condition is
acceptable using the maximum dead and imposed
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده و ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه زﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬

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loads if these loads are also used in the extreme ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺣﺪﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﻧﻴﺰ‬
storm condition and a rigorous fatigue analysis is
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﻢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
carried out.

11.2.3 For those parts of the structure not subject ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ از ﺳﺎزه ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري اﻣﻮاج‬3-2-11
to wave loading, see 11.2.5. .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬5-2-11 ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
11.2.4 The operating environmental loads are to ‫ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه‬،‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮده‬4-2-11
be combined with dead, imposed and hydrostatic : ‫و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
loads as follows:

a) The operating environmental loads are to be

،‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده‬
combined with dead loads, maximum
consistent imposed loads and hydrostatic loads ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه داﺋﻤﻲ و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
as appropriate to the normal operations of the .‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﺎدي ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت‬
installation.

b) The operating environmental loads are to be

،‫ب( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده‬
combined with dead loads, minimum
consistent imposed loads and hydrostatic loads ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ‬
as appropriate to the normal operations of the .‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﺎدي ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
installation.

11.2.5 The load combinations to be considered for ‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ از ﺳﺎزه ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ‬5-2-11
those parts of the structure not subject to wave
loading are as detailed in Table 3. .‫ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬3 ‫ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري اﻣﻮاج ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ در ﺟﺪول‬

TABLE 3 - LOAD COMBINATIONS, OPERATING CONDITIONS

‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري‬،‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎر‬-3 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
LOADS TO BE COMBINED .‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
CASE
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ GRAVITY WIND ‫ﺑﺎد‬ ICE/SNOW ‫ﺑﺮف و ﻳﺦ‬
‫ﺛﻘﻠﻲ‬
SEE 8.1.2 ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬8-1-2 ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬ SEE 11.2.6 .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬6-2-11 ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬

1 YES ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ MEAN WIND ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺎد‬ NO ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬

WITH 1 YEAR RETURN ‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬1 ‫ﺑﺎ دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬
100 YEAR
2 YES ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ MEAN WIND WITH 3 MONTH RETURN RETURN VALUE
‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬100 ‫ﺑﺮاي دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ‬3 ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺎد ﺑﺎ دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬
SEE 8.5 .‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬5-8 ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬

11.2.6 Where ice loading effects are considered as ‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬،3 ‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻳﺦ در ﺟﺪول‬6-2-11
in Table 3 case 2, account is to be taken of both ‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺛﻘﻠﻲ و‬،‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬2
the increased gravity loading and the increase in
wind loading.
.‫ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد‬

11.2.7 Mean wind speeds are defined in clause ‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬2-1-8 ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎد در ﺑﺨﺶ‬7-2-11
8.1.2. .‫ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ‬
11.3 Extreme Storm Conditions ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن‬3-11

11.3.1 The installation is to be designed for the 6 ‫ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬1-3-11
extreme storm condition as defined in clause 6. .‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬

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11.3.2 All combinations of environmental factors ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺳﺎزه‬2-3-11
to which the installation may foreseeably be
subjected are to be taken into account. .‫در ﻣﻌﺮض آن ﻗﺮارﮔﻴﺮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

11.3.3 When minimum values of CD and Cm are ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬Cm ‫ و‬CD ‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬3-3-11
used for calculating overall loading, see 8.2.1.5, (‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬5-1-2-8 ‫ )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬
the extreme combination of environmental factors
to be taken into account is to be not less severe ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و از‬
than the following: :‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
a) The maximum wave height with a mean 100 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻮج ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬
return period of 100 years, see 6.1. A range of
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد( ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي دوره ﻫﺎي‬1-6 ‫ )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬
wave periods for this wave should be
considered .‫اﻳﻦ اﻣﻮاج ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺪوده در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬

b) The one minute mean wind speed with a ‫ب( ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎد ﻳﻚ دﻗﻴﻘﻪاي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ دوره‬
mean return period of 100 years. .‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬100 ‫ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬
c) The maximum storm and tidal current with ‫ج( ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن و ﺟﺰر و ﻣﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺎ دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬
a return period of 100 years, acting in the same ‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮج ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ در ﻫﻤﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ‬100
direction as the design wave. Directional
current associated with the 100 year design ‫ در ﺻﻮرت در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻮدن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ‬.‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
wave may be used if such data is available. .‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬100 ‫دار ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮج ﻃﺮح‬
d) The most critical water depth between the : ‫د( ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺮازﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ‬
following levels:

i) Mean low water springs. .‫( ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ آب ﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﻖ‬i

ii) Mean high water springs plus maximum ‫( ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ آب ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﺑﺎ‬ii
storm surge with a mean return period of 100
years. .‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬100 ‫دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬

11.3.4 Any other combination of environmental ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬4-3-11
factors are to be taken into account which may
‫ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻛﻞ ﺳﺎزه ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ اﺻﻠﻲ آن ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ‬
cause greater stresses either in the structure as a
whole or in any element of the primary structure. .‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬

11.3.5 The extreme storm environmental loads are ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬5-3-11
to be combined with dead, maximum and
‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺮده‬
minimum imposed and hydrostatic loads as
follows: : ‫ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

a) The extreme storm environmental loads are

‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬
to be combined with dead loads, maximum
consistent imposed loads and hydrostatic loads ‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ و‬،‫ﻣﺮده‬
as appropriate to the extreme storm operations .‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده ﺑﺮﺳﺎزه ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
of the installation.

b) The extreme storm environmental loads are

‫ب( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬
to be combined with dead loads, minimum
consistent imposed loads and hydrostatic loads ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﻣﺮده‬
as appropriate to the extreme storm operations .‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ازﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
of the installation.

11.3.6 The load combinations to be considered for ‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي آن ﻗﺴﻤﺖ از ﺳﺎزه‬6-3-11

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those parts of the structure not subject to wave ‫ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه‬4 ‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻣﻮج ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ در ﺟﺪول‬
loading are as detailed in Table 4.
: ‫اﺳﺖ‬

TABLE 4 - LOAD COMBINATIONS, EXTREME STORM CONDITIONS

‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎر‬-4 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

CASE LOADS TO BE COMBINED ‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
GRAVITY WIND ‫ﺑﺎد‬ ICE/SNOW ‫ﺑﺮف و ﻳﺦ‬
SEE 8.1.2 ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-1-8 ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬ SEE 11.3.7 ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬7-3-11 ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬

1 YES ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ MEAN WIND NO ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬

WITH 100 YEAR RETURN
‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬100 ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺎد ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬

MEAN WIND
100 YEAR
WITH 10 YEAR RETURN
RETURN VALUE
2 YES ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬10 ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺎد ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬100 ‫دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬
SEE 8.5
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬5-8 ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬

11.3.7 Where ice loading effects are added, as in ‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ اﺛﺮات ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻳﺦ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬7-3-11
Table 4 case 2, account is to be taken of both the ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺛﻘﻠﻲ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬،2 ‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬4 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
increased gravity loading and the increase in
wind loading.
.‫ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎد ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬

11.3.8 Mean wind speeds are defined in Clause ‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه‬2-1-8 ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎد در ﺑﺨﺶ‬8-3-11
8.1.2. .‫اﺳﺖ‬
11.4 Earthquake Loading Conditions ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬4-11

11.4.1 In seismically active areas, the installation

is to be designed to withstand earthquake ‫ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬،‫ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺧﻴﺰ‬1-4-11
loadings. Two levels of earthquake loadings are "‫ ردهﻫﺎي "ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ‬،‫ دو رده ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري زﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬.‫زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
to be considered, the "strength"
(design/operating) and the "ductility" ‫ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬/‫ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري( و " ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي" )ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬/‫)ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
(extreme/safety) levels. .‫ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
The definitions of these two levels of earthquake .‫ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬6-8 ‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ اﻳﻦ دو رده ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻟﺮزه اي در ﺑﺨﺶ‬
loading are given in Clause 8.6.

11.4.2 The earthquake loadings, for both ‫ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ دو رده " ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ " و "ﺷﻜﻞ‬2-4-11
’strength’ and ’ductility’ levels, are to be ‫ زﻧﺪه و ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬، ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮي" ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده‬
combined with dead, imposed and hydrostatic
loads as detailed in 11.4.3 and 11.4.4.
.‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬4-4-11 ‫ و‬3-4-11 ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬

11.4.3 For maximum imposed loads earthquake ‫ ﺑﺎر زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه‬3-4-11
loadings are to be combined with dead loads, 75 ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ و‬، ‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه‬،‫ﻣﺮده‬
maximum consistent imposed loads (i.e. live
loads), hydrostatic loads and 75 percent of the ‫درﺻﺪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﺪارﻛﺎت و اﻧﺒﺎرش در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬
maximum supply and storage loads as

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appropriate to the normal operations of the .‫ﻋﺎدي ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
installation.

11.4.4 For minimum imposed loads earthquake ‫ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه‬4-4-11
loadings are to be combined with dead loads, ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ در‬،‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده‬
minimum consistent imposed loads and
hydrostatic loads as appropriate to the normal
.‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﺎدي ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
operations of the installation.

11.4.5 Both of the maximum and minimum ‫ در ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻫﺮ‬5-4-11
imposed load combinations are to be considered ‫دو ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬
for the installation where the earthquake loadings
govern the design. However, only the maximum
‫ اﮔﺮ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻛﻢ اﻫﻤﻴﺖﺗﺮ از ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري ﻃﻮﻓﺎن‬.‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
imposed load combination need be considered if ‫ﺣﺪﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ در آن ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه‬
the earthquake loadings are less critical than the .‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
extreme storm environmental loadings.

11.5 Other Load Combination Cases ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎر‬5-11

11.5.1 Other load combinations to account for the ‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎري ﻛﻪ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺑﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬1-5-11
effects of loads such as ice force, berthing loads, ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﻬﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ در ﻣﻮارد‬،‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻳﺦ‬
etc., where applicable, are to be specially
considered.
.‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺧﺎص ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬

12. CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION ( C ) ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬-12

LOADS, (C)

12.1 General ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-12

The design of the installation is to take account of ،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده در زﻣﺎن ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
the loads imposed during fabrication, load-out, .‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ و ﻧﺼﺐ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ‬،‫ﺑﺎرﮔﻴﺮي‬
transportation, launching and installation at the
site.
For detailed information on construction and ‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ در ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﻪ‬
installation loads, reference shall be made to API, ‫ " ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬API, PR-2A LRFD-1993 ، ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
RP-2A LRFD-1993 "Recommended Practice for ‫در ﻣﻮرد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ" ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬
Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed
Offshore Platforms". .‫ﺷﻮد‬

13. ACCIDENTAL LOADS ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ‬-13

13.1 Boat Impact ‫ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎور‬1-13

13.1.1 The loads imposed by supply boats while ‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي وارده ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻨﺎورﻫﺎي ﺗﺪارﻛﺎت در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬1-1-13
approaching, mooring and lying alongside the ‫ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي و اﺳﺘﻘﺮار در ﻛﻨﺎر ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬،‫ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺷﺪن‬
installation are to be considered in the design. The
platform is to be designed to withstand accidental
‫ ﺳﻜﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
impacts between supply boats and the jacket ‫درﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﺎت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎورﻫﺎي ﺗﺪارﻛﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
structure. .‫ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
13.1.2 If fendering is fitted the combined ‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ‬،‫ در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ‬2-1-13
structure/fender system is to be capable of ‫و ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺬب اﻧﺮژي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬
absorbing the energy of impact from vessels
without overstressing the jacket.
،‫ازﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎورﻫﺎ را ﺑﺪون اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺣﺪ در ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎ‬
.‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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13.1.3 Where fending is not fitted the structure ‫ در ﻣﻮارد ﻧﺒﻮدن ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ‬3-1-13
itself is to be designed to be capable of absorbing .‫ﺟﺬب اﻧﺮژي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
the energy of impact.

13.1.4 The level of energy selected for vessel ‫ رده اﻧﺮژي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎور‬4-1-13
impact design is dependent on the size of supply ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬،‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﺷﻨﺎور ﺗﺪارﻛﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
boat used, the prevailing environmental
conditions and the type of platform. Unmanned
‫ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي ﺑﺪون ﺧﺪﻣﻪ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزي‬.‫ﻏﺎﻟﺐ و ﻧﻮع ﺳﻜﻮ دارد‬
wellhead platforms, etc., not requiring supply boat ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺷﻨﺎور ﺗﺪارﻛﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ و ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
operations, may be designed to very much lower ‫ ﻃﺮح‬.‫ردهﻫﺎي ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ اﻧﺮژي ﺿﺮﺑﻪاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
levels of impact energy. Proposed design for boat
impacts is to be submitted for consideration. ‫ در‬.‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﺿﺮﺑﺎت ﺷﻨﺎور ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
Where there is doubt regarding design ‫ﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺒﻬﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
requirements the following is recommended:
:‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
a) In general, for platforms in calm protected ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ‬
environments the level of energy of impact ‫ ﻣﮕﺎ ژول ﻳﺎ‬0/5 ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه آرام ﺗﺮاز اﻧﺮژي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
recommended is 0,5 MJ or otherwise
approved.
.‫رﻗﻢ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه دﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬

b) For exposed locations and where large ‫ب( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن و درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ از ﺷﻨﺎورﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ‬
supply vessels are used the recommended level ‫ ﻣﮕﺎ ژول‬2 ‫ اﻧﺮژي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدل‬،‫ﺗﺪارﻛﺎﺗﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
of impact energy is 2 MJ.
.‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
13.1.5 The jacket is to be so designed that the ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﻜﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮان‬5-1-13
energy can be totally absorbed in deformation of ‫ﺟﺬب اﻧﺮژي در ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ اﻋﻀﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ را‬
the member or members concerned. No account is
to be taken of energy absorbed in the vessel. Both
‫ اﻧﺮژي ﺟﺬب ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻨﺎور در‬.‫ﺑﻄﻮرﻛﺎﻣﻞ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
elastic and plastic deformation may be considered. ‫ ﻫﺮ دو ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ و‬،‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬

13.1.6 In many cases the jacket bracing members ‫ در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري ازﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎدﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻜﻮ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ‬6-1-13
may not be capable of absorbing the impact ‫ درﻣﻮاردﻳﻜﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎور‬،‫ﺟﺬب اﻧﺮژي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ را ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ‬
energy. Where the boat impact analysis shows
that a member or group of members becomes
‫ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﻳﻚ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮوه اﻋﻀﺎي ﺳﺎزه‬
ineffective it is essential to show that the ‫ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺪم ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن اﺛﺒﺎت‬،‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
installation will not collapse as a consequence. In ‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻀﺎي ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
this case a redundancy analysis with the members
concerned removed, or a non-linear analysis of ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ آﺳﻴﺐ دﻳﺪه ﺳﺎزه ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه‬
the damaged structure, may be required to .‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
demonstrate that the structure has adequate
reserve strength.

13.1.7 For non redundant members such as the ،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻀﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ‬7-1-13
main legs, the energy of impact is generally
mainly absorbed by denting. The possibility of ‫ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬.‫اﻧﺮژي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻮ رﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺟﺬب ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
total collapse, due to impact, of such non- ‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺿﺮﺑﻪ اﻋﻀﺎي ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬
redundant members is to be considered in the
design. .‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬

13.1.8 The damaged platform should be capable ‫ ﺳﻜﻮي آﺳﻴﺐ دﻳﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬8-1-13
of withstanding a minimum of a one month storm .‫ﻃﻮﻓﺎن را ﺑﺪون واژﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎه داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
without collapse. The member forces are to be
determined for the damaged condition in
‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي اﻋﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آﺳﻴﺐ دﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬

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combination with dead loads, maximum ‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎر زﻧﺪه و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬،‫ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺮده‬
consistent imposed loads and hydrostatic loads as
.‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺳﺎزه ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
appropriate to the operations of the installation.

14. ADDENDUM ‫ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬-14

For additional information on environmental ‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و ﺑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
conditions and loads refer to API, RP-2A LRFD- ‫ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم "ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي‬API , RP-2A LRFD-1993 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
1993 "Recommended Practice for Planning,
‫اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ" ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬
Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore
Platforms". .‫ﺷﻮد‬

108